View source for Federal Police of Brazil

{{Short description|Brazilian federal police}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname        = Federal Police of Brazil
| nativename        = {{lang|pt|Polícia Federal}}
| commonname        = Federal Police
| abbreviation      = PF
| patch             = Coat of arms of the Brazilian Federal Police.svg
| patchcaption      = Polícia Federal emblem
| logo              = 
| logocaption       = 
| badge             = 
| badgecaption      = 
| flag              = Bandeira da Polícia Federal.svg
| flagcaption       = Polícia Federal flag
| motto             = 
| mottotranslated   = 
| mission           = 
| formed            = {{start date and age|1944|3|28|df=y}}
| preceding1        = 
| employees         = 17,658 (2023)
| volunteers        = 
| budget            = [[Brazilian real|R$]] 8.7 billion (2023)
| country           = Brazil
| federal           = Yes
| map               = 
| mapcaption        = 
| sizearea          = 
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| legaljuris        = 
| governingbody     = 
| governingbodyscnd = 
| constitution1     = 
| police            = Yes
| overviewtype      = 
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| headquarters      = Setor de Autarquias Sul, Quadra 6, [[Brasília]], [[Federal District (Brazil)|Distrito Federal]], [[Brazil]]
| hqlocmap          = 
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| minister1name     = 
| minister1pfo      = 
| chief1name        = Andrei Rodrigues
| chief1position    = Director-General
| parentagency      = [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Ministry of Justice and Public Security]]
| child1agency      = 
| unittype          = Unit
| unitname          = {{collapsible list |title=15 |- Tactical Operations Command (COT) | - Police Intelligence Direction (DIP) |- Operational Aircraft Coordination (CAOP) |- Bomb Disposal Unit |- Cyber-Crime Repression Service |- National System of Firearms (SINARM) |- Immigration Police Coordination (CGPI) |- Public Resources Deviation Repression Service (SRDP) |- Witness Protection Program (DDH) |- National Police Academy (ANP) |- National Criminalistics Institute (INC) |- National Identification Institute (INI) |- Immigration Police Unit (CGPI) |- Maritime Police Unit (NEPOM) |- Technical-Scientific Unit (DITEC) }}
| officetype        = 
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| website           = {{URL|https://gov.br/pf}}
| footnotes         = 
}}

The '''Federal Police of Brazil''' ({{langx|pt|Polícia Federal do Brasil}}) or '''Department of Federal Police''' ({{langx|pt|Departamento de Polícia Federal}}) is a [[Federal government of Brazil|federal]] [[law enforcement agency]] of Brazil and one of the most well-known nationwide police forces of the Executive Power of Brazil. Besides with Polícia Rodoviária Federal (Federal Highways Police) and Polícia Penal Federal (Federal Prisons Police) and the Polices from the Capital, Brasília, Federal District, wich is also organized and maintained from the Federal government. In addition Brazil has more federals Polices from another powers, like the Institutional Polices from the Congress (Polícia Legislativa Federal), Federal Prossecuters Officers Police (Polícia do MPU) and Judicials Police of the Federal Judiciary. From 1944 to 1967 it was called the Federal Public Safety Department ({{langx|pt|Departamento Federal de Segurança Pública}}).

The Federal Police Department is responsible for combating crimes against [[Federal government of Brazil|federal institutions]], international [[Illegal drug trade|drug trafficking]], [[terrorism]], [[cyber-crime]], [[organized crime]], public corruption, [[white-collar crime]], [[money laundering]], [[Immigration to Brazil|immigration]], [[Borders of Brazil|border control]], [[airport security]] and [[Water police|maritime policing]]. It is subordinate to the [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Ministry of Justice and Public Security]].

==Legal authority==

The DPF's mandate was established in the first paragraph of the Article 144 of the [[Brazilian Constitution]], which assigns it the following roles:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm|title=Brazilian Constitution (see 144th article)|author=Planalto.gov}}</ref><ref>https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2020/02/17/grupo-que-ameaca-stf-faz-referencia-a-massacres-de-realengo-e-suzano.htm</ref>

# To investigate criminal offenses against political and social order, or against goods, services and interests of Brazilian federal government, its organs and companies, as well as interstate and international crime in a need of uniform repression in Brazil;
# To prevent and repress smuggling and drug trafficking;
# To be Brazil's maritime police, air transport enforcement agency, immigration agency and border patrol;
# To combat federal and interstate crime.

Other federal statutes give the Federal Police the authority and responsibility to:
* Prevent and combat terrorism;
* Ensure the safety of foreign heads of state and heads of international organizations when visiting Brazil;
* Investigate cyber crime;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cio.uol.com.br/noticias/2012/06/05/policia-federal-abre-centro-de-repressao-a-crimes-ciberneticos/|title=Polícia Federal abre centro de repressão a crimes cibernéticos|author=UOL CIO N-Business|access-date=2013-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192754/http://cio.uol.com.br/noticias/2012/06/05/policia-federal-abre-centro-de-repressao-a-crimes-ciberneticos/|archive-date=2013-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Represent the International Police ([[Interpol]]) in Brazil;
* Prevent and repress crime against indigenous people;
* Investigate and repress public corruption and white-collar crime;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/poder/18178-policia-federal-cria-delegacia-contra-desvios-de-recursos.shtml|title=Polícia Federal cria delegacia contra desvios de recursos públicos|author=UOL}}</ref>
* Investigate and repress organized crime
* Regulate, via licensing, the sale, possession, and transportation of firearms and ammunition by civilian people in Brazil;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2003/L10.826compilado.htm|title=Law 10.826/03|author=Planalto.gov}}</ref>
*Prevent crimes against the environment.
*Manage the national database of criminal's genetic profiles;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2011-2014/2012/Lei/L12654.htm|title=Law 12.654/2012|author=Planalto.gov}}</ref>
*Prevent and process the violation of human rights and civil rights;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/L10446.htm|title=Law 10.446/2002|author=Planalto.gov}}</ref>
* Investigate and repress money laundering;
* Assist the other Brazilian's police on investigations, when requested
* Run a [[witness protection program]]

==History==
[[File:Getulio Vargas DFSP.jpg|left|thumb|upright|The former [[President of Brazil]], [[Getúlio Vargas]], and his personal guard from the DFSP]]

On 28 March 1944, the Police Department of the Federal District in Rio de Janeiro was transformed into the ''"Departamento Federal de Segurança Pública"'' (Federal Department of Public Safety), or DFSP. The aim was to create a police with jurisdiction in the whole country, not just in its original state. Despite its name change, initially the DFSP only served in the [[Federal District]], but acted at the national level as the maritime police.

In the first half of 1946, the DFSP was given national jurisdiction, especially in cases of the illegal [[narcotics]] trade and crimes against [[Public trust|public faith]], and in the interest of national finance. However, a new constitution drafted on September 18 gave states the power to meet their needs of government and administration.

When the federal capital moved in 1960, the DFSP moved to Brasília, providing [[Guanabara State]] with their public security services and personnel. Due to a shortage of staff, the DFSP had to be restructured, merging its staff with another local security agency from Brasilia, called the ''Special Guard of Brasilia'' (GEB). Afterwards, the DFSP improved its structure to mimic the model of the United States [[FBI]] and police forces in England and Canada, as well as to expand operations throughout the whole Brazilian territory. <!-- can uncomment this if you know what it means and can fix it: From November 16, 1964, day edition of the Law No. 4483 and up to date now celebrated as its largest. --> Also in 1967, the new Brazilian Constitution changed the agency name to '''Departamento de Policia Federal''' (''Department of Federal Police'') through art.210 of Decree-Law No. 200 of February 25, 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpf.gov.br/web/informa/hist_dpf/hist_dpf.htm |title=Documento sem título |access-date=2009-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405011558/http://www.dpf.gov.br/web/informa/hist_dpf/hist_dpf.htm |archive-date=2007-04-05 }}</ref> As a federal investigation agency, the idea after the 1960s was to mold the Federal Police into the shape and effectiveness of the American FBI. In 1996, all positions in the Federal Police came to require a bachelor's degree.

{{Further|List of Brazilian Federal Police operations}}

==Organization==
[[File:Sede da Polícia Federal.jpg|thumb|New headquarters of the Federal Police of Brazil in [[Brasília]]]]

[[File:Apreensões da Operação Calicute.jpg|thumb|Federal Police Agents in operation]]

With an area of expertise that covers all national territory, the Federal Police adopts a structure similar to that of the state [[Civil Police (Brazil)|Civil Police]] forces throughout the country, but with an administrative structure that allows planning, coordination and centralized control with decentralized execution. Integration with the other federal and state government agencies on a routine basis occur through formal requests, but eventually there is a high level of coordination.
The [[Director-General]] provides accounting and technical support agencies in Brasília, entrusted with the tasks of planning, coordination and control.

For the operational activities, the PF has 27 regional superintendents (the office in a state capital), 95 Federal Police offices (called ''Delegacias''), 12 border outposts, 12 maritime (or riverine) bases and 2 bases on inland waterways.

The Federal Police Commissioners command investigations, request search and arrest warrants, decide on the arrest of a criminal etc. The field investigations and operational services are performed by the Federal Agents (''Agentes de Polícia Federal''). The agency also has Forensic specialists (''Peritos Criminais Federais''), Notary Agents (''Escrivães de Polícia Federal'') and fingerprints specialists (''Papiloscopistas Policiais Federais''). 
A bachelor's degree is required for candidates to apply for any position in Federal Police. Commissioners must have a law degree and also at least three years of legal practice. No previous police experience is required for any jobs. Candidates applying for a position as Federal Agent, Notary Agent and Fingerprints specialist, are required to have a bachelor's degree in any area. Candidates applying for Forensics specialists should have specific degrees, depending on their area of expertise, such as Civil Engineering, Veterinary, Accounting and Chemistry degrees.

Admission tests for the Federal Police have one of the highest candidates per spot ratio in the country.

==Tactical Operations Command==
[[File:Exercício conjunto de enfrentamento ao terrorismo (26594032833).jpg|thumb|Members of the COT during an anti-terrorism exercise]]
[[File:COT (6883689782).jpg|thumb|Field agents of the Federal Police's [[Comando de Operações Táticas|Tactical Operations Command]]]]

The ''[[Comando de Operações Táticas]]'' (COT; English: Tactical Operations Command) of the Federal Police was created in 1987 by the Ministry of Justice through the Federal Police Department – DPF with a mission of responding to terrorist attacks inside the country. To do so, its members were trained in technical and tactical units of the Special Armed Forces in Brazil and abroad – in special units in the U.S., France and Germany (especially by [[GSG 9]]). Today, this elite force for armed action plays a large range of operations.

Throughout its existence, the COT has participated in several high risk missions such as drug seizures in the country, expropriation actions, rural conflicts, VIP security, dismantling of criminal organizations, and is commonly used to escort high risk prisoners.

To belong to the COT the applicant must be in the ranks of the Federal Police. The training involving tactical and physical disciplines are practiced with the same intensity of the Training Course of the National Police Academy – ANP, including training by other specialized forces in the country, such as [[Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State|Rio de Janeiro's Military Police]] elite group called [[Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais]] (BOPE) specialized in urban operations.

The headquarters of the COT is in Brasília, in an area of 40 thousand square meters, located in Police Sector South, from where they send operators for missions throughout the country.

==Marine Police==
The Special Center of Maritime Police (Núcleo Especial de Polícia Marítima – NEPOM) was created in twelve Brazilian cities in response to the high rate of crime in Brazilian ports, as well as the need to ostensibly patrol to prevent the occurrence of criminal offenses in Amazonian rivers and Brazilian borders (especially [[Itaipu Lake]] on the Brazil-Paraguay border). The maritime policing has the latest equipment, recently acquired by the Brazilian government in order to meet the country to the ISPS Code standards (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portogente.com.br/texto.php?cod=4331|title=Núcleo da Polícia Federal é responsável pelo policiamento marítimo|author=PortoGente|access-date=2015-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012121017/http://www.portogente.com.br/texto.php?cod=4331|archive-date=2011-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the routine patrolling, surveillance is carried out in the international traffic in dozens of ships docking and undocking in major Brazilian ports. Agents of action is also taken around the clandestine coming on board vessels. The Nepom the police receive special training in the Navy of Brazil, and is enabled in the category of Crew of State vessel.

==Operational Aviation Coordination==
The CAOP (Coordenação de Aviação Operacional – Aviation Operational Coordination) is a unit of federal police agents, responsible for transporting policeman to anywhere in the country, besides the air support operations to the Federal Police.

Was established in 1986, because the demand for transportation to any place, quickly, and the need for air support in the actions and tactics without having to depend on the Armed Forces.

In 1995 the corporation had the name of advising operational issues when he received three aircraft, two Bell 412s and an HB-350 Squirrel. Already in 1996 the Office became the Division of Aviation Operations. In the year 1999 the unit won these assignments and in 2001 finally received the current designation of the CAOP.

The unit is divided into two squadrons, one fixed-wing and the other rotorcraft.

Its current fleet includes:

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Photo'''
! '''Aircraft'''
! '''Quantity'''
! '''Comments'''
|-
| [[File:Helicóptero PF.jpg|200px]]
| '''[[Eurocopter AS350|Airbus AS350 B2]] Squirrel'''
| 3
|
|-
| [[File:Caçador 08 (5572170799).jpg|200px]]
| '''[[Eurocopter AS350|Airbus AS355 N]] Squirrel'''
| 2
|
|-
| [[File:Bell412ca000p.jpg|200px]]
| '''[[Bell 412]]'''
| 2
| 
|-
| [[File:Aw139policiafederal.jpg|200px]]
| '''[[AgustaWestland AW139]]'''
| 2
|
|-
| [[File:Embraer 145 (4892590286).jpg|200px]]
| '''[[Embraer ERJ-145]]'''
| 2
| PR-DPF & PR-PFN
|-
| 
| '''[[Embraer ERJ-175]]'''
| 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeroin.net/segundo-jato-embraer-e175-da-policia-federal-chega-no-proximo-final-de-semana/|title = Segundo jato Embraer E175 da Polícia Federal chega no próximo final de semana|date = 2 February 2022}}</ref>
| PS-DPF & PS-CAV ex Flybe Leasing
|-
| [[File:2013-06-14_12.30.20caravan.jpg|200px]]
| '''[[Cessna 208|Cessna C-208B Grand Caravan]]'''
| 2
| 
|-
|
| '''[[Beech King Air]] 350i'''
| 1
|
|-
| [[File:IAI Heron 1 in flight 2.JPEG|200px]]
| '''[[IAI Heron]]'''
| 3
| 
|-
|}

==Equipment==
{| class="wikitable"
!Model
!Type
!Origin
|-
|[[Glock|Glock 17]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Semi-automatic pistol]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Austria}}
|-
|[[Glock 19]]
|-
|[[Glock 26]] 
|-
|[[Heckler & Koch MP5]]
|[[Submachine gun]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[M4 carbine|Colt M4A1]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Assault rifle]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[[Heckler & Koch G36C|HK G36K]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[HK416]]
|-
|[[SG 550]]
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|[[HK417]]
|[[Battle rifle]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Blaser R93 Tactical]]
|[[Sniper rifle]]
|-
|[[FN MAG]]
|[[Machine gun]]
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|}

==Vehicles==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
! style="text-align: center; width:14%;"|Name
! style="text-align: center; width:10%;"|Origin
! style="text-align: center; width:16%;"|Type
! style="text-align: center; width:15%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align: center; width:15%;"|Photo
|- 
| [[Sherpa Light]]
| {{FRA}}
| Armored vehicle
| 3
| [[File:20190907_DESFILE_DA_INDEPENDÊNCIA_(39)_(48713021922).jpg|200px]]
|- 
| [[STREIT Group Spartan|STREIT Scorpion]]
| {{UAE}}/{{CAN}}
| Armored vehicle
| 8
| [[File:Spartan-APC Innisfil Location.JPG|200px]]
|}

<gallery>
File:DPF (4968292037).jpg |[[Independence Day (Brazil)|Independence Day]] parade
File:Troller (7952299102).jpg |[[Troller]] PF
File:DPF (7952433128).jpg| Truck PF
File:COT (6125034785).jpg|[[Nissan Xterra]]
File:DPF (6110449390).jpg|[[Nissan Frontier]]
File:DPF (6110481842).jpg|[[Mitsubishi L200]]
File:DPF (4968901226).jpg|[[Renault Mégane]]
File:DPF (7952416708).jpg|[[Mitsubishi Pajero]]
File:DPF (7952410126).jpg|[[Toyota Corolla]]
File:Mercedes-Benz Vario (7952430518).jpg|[[Mercedes-Benz Vario]]
File:Hyundai Tucson front.jpg|[[Hyundai Tucson]] 
File:Festival_automobile_international_2012_-_Renault_Sherpa_light_Scout_-_008.jpg|[[Sherpa Light]] 
File:Ford Focus II sedan facelift China 2012-04-28.jpg| [[Ford Focus]]
File:Chevrolet Blazer Brazil 02.jpg|[[Chevrolet Blazer]]
File:Beijing Jeep Warrior 2020 - 1.jpg|[[BJ2022]]
File:Julio_de_Noronha_-_V32.jpg|Two Federal Police patrol boats alongside the Brazilian Naval ship {{ship|Brazilian corvette|Júlio de Noronha||2}}
File:Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera (8140166249).jpg|Lamborghini Gallardo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2021/08/24/lamborghini-de-r-800-mil-apreendida-em-operacao-sera-usada-pela-policia-federal-no-parana.ghtml|title = Lamborghini de R$ 800 mil apreendida com 'Rei do Bitcoin' será usada pela Polícia Federal, no Paraná| date=24 August 2021 }}</ref>
File:2015 BMW i8 (I12) coupe (25835062172).jpg|[[BMW i8]] in [[Tocantins]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://g1.globo.com/to/tocantins/noticia/2024/03/15/pf-vai-usar-carro-de-luxo-de-r-800-mil-ate-fim-de-investigacao-contra-suspeitos-de-piramide-financeira-decide-juiz.ghtml | title=PF vai usar carro de luxo de R$ 800 mil até fim de investigação contra suspeitos de pirâmide financeira, decide juiz {{pipe}} Tocantins | date=15 March 2024 }}</ref>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[National Prison Department]]
* [[Military Police (Brazil)|Military Police of Brazilian States]]
* [[Military Police of São Paulo State]]
* [[Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State]]
* [[Law enforcement in Brazil]]
* [[Federal Highway Police (Brazil)]]
* [[Brazilian Civil Police|Civil Police of Brazilian States]]
* [[Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais]] (BOPE)
* [[Civil Police of Rio de Janeiro State]]

==Notes==
{{Country study}}{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Federal Police of Brazil}}
* {{Official website|http://www.dpf.gov.br/}} {{in lang|pt}}

{{Law enforcement in Brazil}}
{{Operation Car Wash}}
{{police}}
{{Border protection agencies}}
{{Customs}}
{{Domestic national intelligence agencies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of Brazil]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1944]]
[[Category:1944 establishments in Brazil]]