View source for Federal League

{{short description|American professional baseball league}}
{{other uses|Federal league (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox sports league
| title          = Federal League
| last_season    = 1915 Federal League season
| logo           = File:Federal League logo.png
| pixels         = 110
| caption        =
| Formerly       =
| sport          = 
Baseball
| founded        = 1913
| fame           =
| motto          =
| inaugural      =
| teams          = 8
| country        = United States
| champion       = [[Chicago Whales]]
| most_champs    =(2) [[Newark Peppers|Indianapolis Hoosiers]]
| qualification  =
| folded         = {{mlby|1915}}
| website        =
| singles        =
| president      = [[James A. Gilmore]]
| Director       =
| TV             =
| related_comps  =
| Founder        = John T. Powers
}}
[[File:James A. Gilmore, President, Federal League (baseball) - retouched.jpg|thumb|[[James A. Gilmore]] of the Federal League c. 1913]]
[[File:William E. Robertson, President of Buffalo Federal League baseball team LCCN2014695917 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|[[William E. Robertson]], president of the [[Buffalo, New York]] Federal League baseball team the [[Buffalo Blues]].]]
[[File:C.C. Madison LCCN2014696472 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[C. C. Madison]] in 1915, owner of the [[Kansas City, Missouri]] baseball club of the Federal League, the [[Kansas City Packers]].]]

The '''Federal League of Base Ball Clubs''', known simply as the '''Federal League''', was an American professional [[baseball]] league that played its first season as a minor league in 1913 and operated as a "third [[Major League Baseball|major league]]", in competition with the established [[National League (baseball)|National]] and [[American League]]s, from {{mlby|1914}} to {{mlby|1915}}.

The Federal League came together in early 1913 through the work of John T. Powers, and immediately challenged the operations of [[organized baseball]] as a minor league playing outside of the National Agreement. After [[James A. Gilmore]] succeeded Powers as league president, the league declared itself to be a major league. Playing in what detractors called the "outlaw" league allowed players to avoid the restrictions of the organized leagues' [[reserve clause]]. The competition of another, better paying league caused players' salaries to skyrocket, demonstrating the bargaining potential of [[free agency (sports)|free agency]] for the first time since the war between the AL and NL.

Interference by the National and American Leagues in their operations caused the Federal League to fold after the 1915 season. This resulted in a landmark federal lawsuit, ''[[Federal Baseball Club v. National League]]'', in which the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] ultimately ruled that the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]] did not apply to Major League Baseball.<ref name="scotus">{{cite web|title=259 U.S. 200|url=https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/US/259/259.US.200.204.html|website=law.resource.org|publisher=Public.Resource.Org|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> The Federal League left its mark on baseball history in the field now known as [[Wrigley Field]], which was originally built for the [[Chicago Whales]] Federal League team. The league itself and many sports writers considered it a major league during its existence; organized baseball recognized its major league status in 1968.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/why-is-the-national-association-not-a-major-league-and-other-records-issues-7507e1683b66 |title=Why Is the National Association Not a Major League … and Other Records Issues |first=John |last=Thorn |website=Our Game |date=May 4, 2015 |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenationalpastimemuseum.com/article/was-federal-league-really-major-league |title=WAS THE FEDERAL LEAGUE REALLY A MAJOR LEAGUE? |website=thenationalpastimemuseum.com |date=May 5, 2019 |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref> Not including certain periods of the [[Negro leagues]], it would be the last independent major league outside the established structure of professional baseball to make it to the playing field, and would be the last serious attempt to create a third major league until the abortive [[Continental League]] of 1960.

==History==

In 1912, baseball promoter John T. Powers formed an [[independent league baseball|independent professional league]] known as the '''Columbian League'''. However, the withdrawal of one of the organization's primary investors caused the league to fail before ever playing a game. Undaunted, Powers tried again the following year, creating a new league with teams in [[Chicago]], [[Cleveland]], [[Pittsburgh]], [[Indianapolis]], [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], and [[Covington, Kentucky]]. He named the organization the Federal League, and served as its first president.<ref>Wiggins, pp. 6–7.</ref>

Because it did not abide by the National Agreement on player payment in place in [[organized baseball]], the Federal League was called an "outlaw league" by its competitors. The Federal League's outlaw status allowed it to recruit players from established clubs, and it attracted many current and former players from the major as well as minor leagues. In 1913, the Federal League played as an independent six-team minor league. In its first season Powers initially served as president, but he was soon replaced by [[James A. Gilmore]], under whose leadership the league declared itself a major league for the 1914 season. Other financiers of the League included oil baron [[Harry F. Sinclair]], ice magnate [[Phil Ball (baseball)|Phil Ball]], and [[George S. Ward]] of the [[Ward Baking Company]].<ref>Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). ''The Great American Baseball Scrapbook'', p. 54. Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-50253-1}}.</ref>

As a major circuit, the Federal League consisted of eight teams each season. Four of the teams were placed in cities with existing major league baseball teams (Chicago, St. Louis, Pittsburgh and Brooklyn). The other four teams were placed in areas without a current major league club (Baltimore, Buffalo, Indianapolis and Kansas City). In the first year, 1914, some of the teams had official nicknames and some did not, but either way, sportswriters were inclined to invent their own nicknames: "ChiFeds," "BrookFeds," etc. By the second season, most of the teams had "official" nicknames, although many writers still called many of the teams "-Feds."

In order for the Federal League to succeed, it needed Big League players. [[Walter Johnson]] signed a three-year contract with the Chicago team, but the Senators' [[Clark Griffith]] went personally to Johnson's home in Kansas and made a successful counter-offer.<ref>Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). ''The Great American Baseball Scrapbook'', p. 56. Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-50253-1}}.</ref> Major League players that jumped to the Federal League included [[Bill McKechnie]], [[Claude Hendrix]], [[Jack Quinn (baseball)|Jack Quinn]], [[Russ Ford|Russell Ford]], [[Tom Seaton]], [[Doc Crandall]], [[Al Bridwell]], and [[Hal Chase]]. The Federal League also recruited Big League names to manage the new teams. [[Joe Tinker]] managed the Chicago team, [[Mordecai Brown]] managed the St. Louis team and [[Bill Bradley (baseball)|Bill Bradley]] managed the Brooklyn team.
[[File:Federal League logo.png | thumb | right | Federal League logo 
]]
In 1914, the [[Colonial League (baseball)|Colonial League]] began to operate as a [[Class C (baseball)|Class C]] level league based in [[Southern New England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/642754234/?terms=%22colonial%20league%22%20baseball&match=1 |title=Six Teams In The Colonial League|page=6|work=The Evening Herald |via=Newspapers.com|url-access=subscription |date=February 25, 1914 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> In April, [[Alexander Bannwart]] drew notice by acquiring [[Big Jeff Pfeffer]] to manage the team in [[Pawtucket, Rhode Island]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93405830/pfeffer-at-pawtucket/ |title=Pfeffer At Pawtucket |work=The Evening Herald|page=6|via=Newspapers.com |date=April 6, 1914 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> and by May, it was suspected that Bannwart was working as an agent of the Federal League, which Bannwart denied.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93406045/reported-that-feds-own-the-colonial/ |title=Reported That Feds Own The Colonial |work=The Evening Herald|page=6|via=Newspapers.com |date=May 28, 1914 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> Upon these news reports, some of the founding members of the Colonial League resigned, fearing banishment by the [[National Baseball Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93406157/steve-flanagan-quits-colonial/ |title=Steve Flanagan Quits Colonial |work=Fall River Daily Evening News|page=5|via=Newspapers.com |date=June 3, 1914 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93242834/bannwart-behind-colonial-league/ |title=Bannwart Behind Colonial League|work=The Boston Globe|page=10 |via=Newspapers.com |date=June 4, 1914 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref>

At the April 1915 league meeting, Coppen was re-elected as president and Bannwart was elected secretary. Walter S. Ward, the treasurer of the [[Brooklyn Tip-Tops]] of the Federal League and George S. Ward's son, was elected as the league's treasurer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93517900/son-of-federal-magnate-behind-colonial-l/|title=Son Of Federal League Magnate Behind Colonial League |page=28|work=Democrat and Chronicle |via=Newspapers.com |date=April 25, 1915 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> The Colonial League reorganized itself as a [[farm system]] for the Federal League<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/319422749/ |title=Arrangements For Federal League Farm Complete|page=3|work=Norwich Bulletin |via=Newspapers.com|url-access=subscription |date=May 14, 1915 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> and voluntarily withdrew itself from organized baseball.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93518299/new-league-jumps-to-feds/|title=New League Jumps To Feds|page=8|work=The Meridian Journal |via=Newspapers.com |date=May 22, 1915 |accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref>

The Federal League had close pennant races both years. In 1914, Indianapolis beat out Chicago by 1½ games. 1915 witnessed the tightest pennant race in Major League history, as three teams (Chicago, St. Louis and Pittsburgh) fought into the last weekend of the season. On the season's final day, Sunday, October 3, Chicago split a doubleheader with Pittsburgh, winning the darkness-shortened seven-inning nightcap, 3-0; this combined with St. Louis' 6-2 win over Kansas City, knocked Pittsburgh back to third (albeit just a half-game behind), with Chicago and St. Louis in a virtual tie for first. But since the Whales (86-66) played two fewer games than the St. Louis Terriers (87-67), they were awarded the pennant based on their slightly better winning percentage (.566 to .565). Pittsburgh, with one game unplayed, ended up at 86-67 (.562).

During the 1914–15 offseason, Federal League owners brought an antitrust lawsuit against the American and National Leagues. The lawsuit ended up in the court of Federal Judge (and future [[Commissioner of Baseball]]) [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]], who allowed the case to languish while he urged both sides to negotiate. Swift action might have made a difference, but without the lawsuit going forward, the Federals found themselves in deepening financial straits.

After the 1915 season, the owners of the American and National Leagues bought out half of the owners (Pittsburgh, Newark, Buffalo, and Brooklyn) of the Federal League teams. Two Federal League owners were allowed to buy struggling franchises in the established leagues: Phil Ball, owner of the [[St. Louis Terriers]], was allowed to buy the [[Baltimore Orioles#St. Louis Browns|St. Louis Browns]] of the AL, and [[Charles Weeghman]], owner of the [[Chicago Chi-Feds/Whales|Chicago Whales]], bought the [[Chicago Cubs]]. Both owners merged their teams into the established ones.  The Kansas City franchise had been declared bankrupt and taken over by the league office after the close of the regular season, and the Baltimore owners rejected the offer made to them. They had sought to buy and move an existing franchise to their city, but were rebuffed, and sued unsuccessfully.

==Legacy==
One of baseball's most famous ballparks was originally built for a Federal League team: [[Wrigley Field]], the home of the [[Chicago Cubs]], began its long life as Weeghman Park, the home of the [[Chicago Whales]]. Marc Okkonen, in his book on the Federal League, referred to Wrigley as a "silent monument" to the failed Federal League experiment.  Otherwise, few visible remnants were left by the short-lived Federal League.  The Baltimore entry sold their facility to the [[Baltimore Orioles (minor league)|Baltimore Orioles]] of the [[International League]], who renamed it [[Oriole Park]] and played there for nearly 30 years before it was destroyed by fire. The Newark ballpark was also used for minor league ball for a short time.

[[File:Washington Park 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Washington Park in April 1915]]

[[Washington Park (baseball)#Third park|Washington Park III]] in Brooklyn, completed after the 1915 season was underway, resembled Chicago's Weeghman Park. It was used for various sports until the end of 1917 and then for storage until Brooklyn Edison Electric bought the property in 1925 and shortly thereafter tore it down. One wall still stands.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Petchesky|first1=Barry|title=Stoic Link to Baseball History Stands Guard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/10/sports/baseball/10brooklyn.html?_r=0|access-date=9 September 2016|work=The New York Times|date=February 10, 2007|page=D1}}</ref>

The other Federal League ballparks were demolished quickly, including the home of the [[Pittsburgh Rebels]], [[Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)|Exposition Park]], which had been the home of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] of the National League until they moved into [[Forbes Field]] in 1909.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dave|first1=Finoli|last2=Bill|first2=Ranier|title=The Pittsburgh Pirates Encyclopedia|date=2015|publisher=Sports Publishing|location=New York, N.Y.|isbn=978-1-61321-719-1|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jsSBCgAAQBAJ|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>

The other "silent monument" to the Federal League is a famous legal decision.  In 1922, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] ruled in ''[[Federal Baseball Club v. National League]]'' (brought by the Terrapins, one of the teams which had not been bought out), that Major League Baseball and its constituent leagues were primarily entertainment, not conventional interstate commerce, and thus were exempt from the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]];<ref name=scotus/> MLB remains the only North American sports league with such a status, and it has not faced any competitor leagues since unlike the other pro sports leagues because of this exemption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/1286/ending-baseballs-antitrust-exemption-what-would-it-mean/ |title=Ending Baseball's Antitrust Exemption: What Would It Mean? |last=Belth |first=Alex |date=November 26, 2001 |website=Baseball Prospectus |access-date=November 10, 2021 |quote=Baseball is the only major sport that has an exemption from antitrust law.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mlb.nbcsports.com/2019/05/29/happy-birthday-to-baseballs-antitrust-exemption/ |title=Happy birthday to baseball's antitrust exemption |last=Calcaterra |first=Craig |date=May 29, 2019 |website=NBC Sports |access-date=November 10, 2021 |quote=What is still in place, firmly, is Major League Baseball’s ability to work to thwart competitors, if any ever arise, and its ability to carve out protected geographic territories for its clubs and anti-competitive contract rights for its clubs.}}</ref> Though significantly weakened in the 1970s, this exemption remains intact {{Years ago|1922}} years later; however, it has been eroded by subsequent court rulings and legislation regarding issues specific to Major League Baseball.

Of the locations of teams in the Federal League, five currently have major league teams. Those are Baltimore, Chicago, Kansas City, Pittsburgh and St. Louis. Brooklyn has a [[Minor League Baseball|minor league]] team, the [[Brooklyn Cyclones]]. (The major league [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] moved to Los Angeles in 1958, although the [[New York Mets]], the Cyclones' parent club, have been located in the adjacent borough of [[Queens]] since 1964.) Buffalo and Indianapolis have [[International League]] teams, the [[Buffalo Bisons]] and  [[Indianapolis Indians]], respectively. Newark had a team, the [[Newark Bears|Bears]], in the independent [[Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball|Can-Am League]], which folded after the 2012 season.

There is at least one achievement of note that happened in Federal League play. [[Eddie Plank]], pitching for the [[St. Louis Terriers]], won his [[300 win club|milestone 300th game]] on September 11, 1915, at St. Louis' [[Handlan's Park]], becoming the first 300-game winning left-hander in the history of major league baseball and one of only six as of 2018. However, that milestone was not acknowledged by Major League Baseball until 1968.

The Federal League was the last serious attempt at creating a "third major league" outside the established structure of professional baseball in the U.S. There was one further attempt at creating a third league – the [[Continental League]] in 1959 – but its founders had hoped to find their place within the purview of [[organized baseball]]. The Continental League disbanded in 1960 without ever playing a game, making the Federal League the last such league to ever take to the field.

The Federal League features prominently in [[Ring Lardner]]'s sports humor book ''[[You Know Me Al]]'' (1916), in which the protagonist pitches for the [[Chicago White Sox]] and repeatedly threatens to jump to the Federal League whenever he feels underappreciated or underpaid.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ring Lardner: Stories & Other Writings|last=Lardner|first=Ring|publisher=Library of America|year=2013|isbn=978-1598532531|location=New York, NY|pages=dust jacket}}</ref>

==Baseball Hall of Famers==
Players in the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]] who played in the Federal League are listed below. Each of these players was elected via the [[Veterans Committee]]. In addition, [[Cy Young]] managed the 1913 [[Cleveland Green Sox]].

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Position
! scope="col" | Team(s)
! scope="col" | Induction year
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Chief|Bender}}
| [[Pitcher]] || Baltimore Terrapins (1915) || align=center|1953
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Mordecai|Brown}}
| [[Pitcher]] || St. Louis Terriers, Brooklyn Tip-Tops (1914); Chicago Whales (1915) || align=center|1949
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|McKechnie}}
| [[Third baseman]] || Indianapolis Hoosiers (1914); Newark Peppers (1915) || align=center|1962
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Eddie|Plank}}
| [[Pitcher]] || St. Louis Terriers (1915) || align=center|1946
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Edd|Roush}}
| [[Center fielder]] || Indianapolis Hoosiers (1914); Newark Peppers (1915) || align=center|1962
|-
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Joe|Tinker}}
| [[Shortstop]] || Chicago Whales (1914–1915) || align=center|1946
|}

==Teams==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Seasons
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Comment
|-
! scope="row" | [[Baltimore Terrapins]]
| 1914–15 ||
|-
! scope="row" | [[Brooklyn Tip-Tops]]
| 1914–15 ||
|-
! scope="row" | [[Buffalo Blues]]
| 1914–15 || Initially known as the Buffeds
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chicago Whales]]
| 1913–15 || Initially known as the Federals or Keeleys
|-
! scope="row" | [[Cleveland Green Sox]]
| 1913 ||
|-
! scope="row" | [[Covington Blue Sox]]
| 1913 || Also known as the Colonels. Transferred to Kansas City, mid-season 1913
|-
! scope="row" | [[Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League)|Indianapolis Hoosiers]]
| 1913–14 || Moved to Newark in 1915
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kansas City Packers]]
| 1913–15 || Had been in Covington until mid-season 1913
|-
! scope="row" | [[Newark Peppers]]
| 1915 || Moved from Indianapolis following the 1914 season
|-
! scope="row" | [[Pittsburgh Rebels]]
| 1913–15 || Known as the Filipinos in 1913, and initially as the Stogies in 1914
|-
! scope="row" | [[St. Louis Terriers]]
| 1913–15 ||
|}
[[File:Brooklyn Tip-Tops 1914-04-24.JPG|thumb|center|700px|[[1914 Brooklyn Tip-Tops season|1914 Brooklyn Tip-Tops]]]]
{{clear}}

==Results==
===Champions===
[[File:Joe Tinker NYWTS.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Joe Tinker]] managed the [[1915 Chicago Whales season|1915 Chicago Whales]].]]
Per final regular season standings, as there was no postseason.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!Year
!Team
!Record
!Manager
!Note
|-
| [[1913 in baseball|1913]]
| [[Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League)|Indianapolis Hoosiers]]
| 75–45
| rowspan=2|[[Bill Phillips (pitcher)|Bill Phillips]]
| Minor league
|-
| {{mlby|1914}}
| [[Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League)|Indianapolis Hoosiers]]
| 88–65
| rowspan=2|Major league
|-
| {{mlby|1915}}
| [[Chicago Whales]]
| 86–66
| [[Joe Tinker]]
|}

===Standings===
;1913
[[File:George Textor, Indianapolis Federal League (baseball) LCCN2014700464 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[George Textor]] played for Indianapolis in 1913.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!Federal League
![[Win (baseball)|W]]
![[Loss (baseball)|L]]
![[Winning percentage|Pct.]]
![[Games behind|GB]]
|-
|[[Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League)|Indianapolis Hoosiers]]||&nbsp;75&nbsp;||&nbsp;45&nbsp;||0.625||—
|-
|[[Cleveland Green Sox]]||64||54||0.542||10
|-
|[[St. Louis Terriers]]||59||60||0.496||15½
|-
|[[Chicago Keeleys]]||57||62||0.479||17½
|-
|[[Covington Blue Sox]] / [[Kansas City Packers]]||53||65||0.449||21
|-
|[[Pittsburgh Rebels|Pittsburgh Stogies]]||49||71||0.408||26
|}
{{smalldiv|
Notes:
* The Federal League operated as an independent minor league in 1913.
* Covington's record was 21–20 when they relocated to Kansas City on June 26.
}}
Source:<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball |edition=third |date=2007 |first1=Lloyd |last1=Johnson |first2=Miles |last2=Wolff |isbn=9781932391176 |publisher=Baseball America |page=246 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/league.cgi?id=cdb502b2|title=1913 Federal League|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

;1914
[[File:BillMcKechnieBaseballHallOfFamer.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Bill McKechnie]] played for Indianapolis in 1914.]]
{{1914 Federal League standings}}

;1915
[[File:Mordecai Brown Baseball (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Mordecai Brown]] played for Chicago in 1915.]]
{{1915 Federal League standings}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Baseball}}
* [[Continental League]]
* [[Players' League]]
* [[Union Association]]

== General and cited sources==
* {{cite book | author=Okkonen, Marc | title=The Federal League of 1914–1915: Baseball's Third Major League  | location= Garrett Park, Md | publisher=Society For American Baseball Research | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-910137-37-9}}
* {{cite book | author=Pietrusza, David | title=The Formation, Sometimes Absorption and Mostly Inevitable Demise of 18 Professional Baseball Organizations, 1871 to Present  | location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland & Company | year=1991 | isbn=0-89950-590-2}}
* {{cite book |title= The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs: The History of an Outlaw Major League|last= Wiggins |first= Robert Peyton |year= 2008 |publisher= McFarland |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn= 978-0-7864-3835-8 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4yDtlquCJiYC |access-date= August 8, 2011}}

== Citations ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite magazine |magazine=Baseball Research Journal |url=http://sabr.org/research/alito-origin-baseball-antitrust-exemption |first=Samuel A. Jr. |last=Alito |author-link=Samuel Alito |title=The Origin of the Baseball Antitrust Exemption |via=[[Society for American Baseball Research|SABR]] |date=Fall 2009}}

==External links==
* [http://www.toyou.com/fl/teams/index.html Federal League Teams]

{{Federal League|state=expanded}}
{{Major League Baseball}}
{{Professional Baseball}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal League| ]]
[[Category:1913 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1915 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportsmen]]
[[Category:Defunct major baseball leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 1913]]
[[Category:Sports leagues disestablished in 1915]]