View source for Fasci Italiani di Combattimento

{{Short description|Political party in Italy (1919–1921)}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Italics title}}
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode        = {{party color|Fasci Italiani di Combattimento}}
| logo             = [[File:Logo Fasci di Combattimento.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert|125px]]
| name             = Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
| native_name      = 
| leader           = [[Benito Mussolini]]
| secretary        = [[Michele Bianchi]]<br />Attilio Longoni<br />Umberto Pasella
| foundation       = 23 March 1919
| founder          = [[Benito Mussolini]]<br />[[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Daly |first=Selena |title=Handbook of International Futurism |date=17 December 2018 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |year=2018 |isbn=9783110273564 |editor-last=Berghaus |editor-first=Günter |pages=35 |doi=10.1515/9783110273564}}</ref><br />[[Giuseppe Ungaretti]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Daly |first=Selena |title=Handbook of International Futurism |date=17 December 2018 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |year=2018 |isbn=9783110273564 |editor-last=Berghaus |editor-first=Günter |pages=35 |doi=10.1515/9783110273564}}</ref>
| dissolution      = 9 November 1921
| merger           = [[Futurist Political Party]]
| predecessor      = ''[[Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria]]''
| successor        = [[National Fascist Party]]<br>
''Fasci nazionali''<small> (dissident minority)</small>
| headquarters     = {{nowrap|Via Paolo da Cannobbio, [[Milan]]<ref>[https://patrimonio.archivioluce.com/luce-web/detail/IL5000022898/2/prima-sede-del-popolo-d-italia-covo-via-paolo-cannobio-e-affidato-consegna-dal-segretario-del-partito-alla-scuola-mistica-fascista.html?startPage=0 "La prima sede del "Popolo d'Italia", il "COVO" di via Paolo da Cannobio...è affidato in consegna dal segretario del Partito alla Scuola di Mistica Fascista "Italico Sandro Mussolini"."].</ref>}}
| newspaper        = ''Il Fascio''
| wing1_title      = {{nowrap|Paramilitary wing}}
| wing1            = [[Squadrismo|Action squads]]{{Efn| The ''squadre d'azione'' ('action squads') were also known as ''Squadristi'' ('Squadists') and later as [[Blackshirts]].}}
| ideology         = [[Italian nationalism]]{{refn|<ref>Roger Griffin, How fascist was Mussolini?, New Perspective, vol. 6, no. 1, September 2000, pp. 31–35.</ref><ref>Roger Griffin, Matthew Feldman (a cura di), Fascism: Fascism and Culture, Londra e New York: Routledge, 2004.</ref>}}<br>[[Revolutionary nationalism]]<ref>Payne, Stanley (1995). ''A History of Fascism, 1914-1945''. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 99.</ref><br>[[Futurism]]<br>[[National syndicalism]]{{refn|<ref>Mack Smith, Denis (1983). ''Mussolini''. New York: Vintage Books. p. 38.</ref><ref>Mack Smith, Denis (1979). ''Modern Italy: A Political History''. University of Michigan Press. pp. 284, 297.</ref>}}{{refn|group=n|{{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Anti-capitalism]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rimbotti|first= Luca Leonello |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1050942420|title=Fascismo rivoluzionario: il fascismo di sinistra dal sansepolcrismo alla Repubblica Sociale|year= 2018 |publisher= Passaggio al bosco |isbn=978-88-85574-10-6|language=Italian|oclc=1050942420}}</ref>|[[Anti-communism]]<ref>Payne, Stanley G. (1995). ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945.'' University of Wisconsin Press. p. 96. ISBN 0203501322. Excerpt: ''"As leader of a nationalist 'war against Bolshevism', the Fasci grew from 20,000 dues-paying members at the end of 1920 to nearly 100,000 by the end of April 1921, and then nearly doubled during the following month to 187,588."''</ref>|[[Anti-socialism]]<ref>Payne, Stanley G. (1995). ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945.'' University of Wisconsin Press. p. 98. ISBN 0203501322. Excerpt: ''"The new mass Fascism [of 1920–1921]... was more middle-class, more economically moderate, and more categorically violent and anti-Socialist."''</ref>}}}}<br>''[[Sansepolcrismo]]''{{refn|<ref>[https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fascismo/ "Fascismo"]. ''Enciclopedia Treccani''. Retrieved 5 August 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=Blog {{!}} Cent'anni fa nasceva il Partito nazionale fascista. Lo scopo: ottenere più rispettabilità|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2021/11/09/centanni-fa-nasceva-il-partito-nazionale-fascista-lo-scopo-ottenere-piu-rispettabilita/6384146/|access-date=2021-12-29|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>[https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/sansepolcrista/ "Sansepolcrista"]. ''Enciclopedia Treccani''. Retrieved 5 August 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Il progetto politico del fascismo. Dal sansepolcrismo alla marcia su Roma|url=http://www.deportati.it/news/memoria/|access-date=2021-12-29|website=ANED|language=it}}</ref>}}
| membership       = 187,588 (May 1921)<ref>Payne, Stanley G. (1995). ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945.'' University of Wisconsin Press. p. 96. ISBN 0203501322. Excerpt: ''"As leader of a nationalist 'war against Bolshevism', the Fasci grew from 20,000 dues-paying members at the end of 1920 to nearly 100,000 by the end of April 1921, and then nearly doubled during the following month to 187,588."''</ref>
| position         = [[Syncretic politics|Syncretic]]{{Efn|The party initially promoted syncretic policies (as expressed in the [[Fascist Manifesto|Programme of San Sepolcro]]) in an attempt to gain supporters from both the right and the left. The disastrous results of the November 1919 elections, caused the party to reorient itself to the right. {{section link||Reorientation and rise}}|name=a}} (until November 1919){{refn|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Raniolo|first=Francesco|title=I partiti politici|publisher=Editori Laterza|year=2013|location=Rome|pages=116–117|language=Italian}}</ref><ref>Raniolo, 2013, pp. 116–117</ref>}}<br>[[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] to [[Far-right politics|far-right]]{{Efn|After the party joined the anti-socialist [[National Bloc (Italy, 1921)|National Bloc]], allying with the Nationalists and the Liberals, the party completely abandoned its originally syncretic positions.|name=b}}
| affiliation1_title = [[Electoral alliance]]
| affiliation1     = Ardito-Futurist-Fascist list{{Efn|Filippo T. Marinetti agreed on an
alliance of the ''Fasci Politici Futuristi'', the ''Associazione fra gli Arditi'',
and the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' to form a list for the national
elections of 16 November 1919.}} ([[1919 Italian general election|1919]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berghaus |first=Günter |url=https://www.academia.edu/22784411/The_Futurist_Political_Party |title=The Invention of Politics in the European Avant-Garde (1906-1940) |date=1 August 2016 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-94-012-0252-7 |editor-last=Bru |editor-first=Sascha |series=Avant-Garde Critical Studies |volume=19 |pages=172–174 |chapter=The Futurist Political Party |orig-date=2006 |editor-last2=Martens |editor-first2=Gunther}}</ref><br />
[[National Bloc (Italy, 1921)|National Bloc]] ([[1921 Italian general election|1921]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mymilitaria.it/occasioni/index.php?p=2&cat=6&ordina=3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723005611/http://www.mymilitaria.it/occasioni/index.php?p=2&cat=6&ordina=3|url-status=dead|title=mymilitaria.it|archivedate=23 July 2015|website=www.mymilitaria.it}}</ref>
| colours          = {{colour box|{{party color|Fasci Italiani di Combattimento}}|border=darkgray}} [[Black]]
| country          = Italy
}}

The '''''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento''''' ({{Langx|en|Italian Fasces of Combat}}, also translatable as 'Italian Fighting Bands' or 'Italian Fighting Leagues'<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/fasci-di-combattimento|title=Fasci di combattimento &#124; Italian political organization &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref>) was an [[Italian fascism|Italian fascist]] organisation created by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919.<ref>[http://www.storiaxxisecolo.it/fascismo/fascismo1a.htm "Fascismo: la nascita dei fasci"]. ''Storia del XX Secolo'' (in Italian). Retrieved 5 August 2021.</ref> It was the successor of the ''[[Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria]]'', being notably further right than its predecessor. The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' was reorganised into the [[National Fascist Party]] in 1921. 

The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' was founded by Mussolini and his supporters in the aftermath of [[World War I]], at a meeting held in [[Milan]] in March 1919.<ref name="ModernItaly284"/> It was an [[ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] organisation that intended to appeal to war veterans from across the political spectrum, at first without a clear political orientation.<ref name="Smith35"/> It was closely associated with Mussolini's newspaper, ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'', and Mussolini served as the leader (''[[Duce]]'') of the movement throughout its existence.

After a very poor result in the [[1919 Italian general election|Italian election of 1919]], in which no members of the ''Fasci'' were elected to any office, the organisation moved further to the right and developed a reputation for using paramilitary violence against its political opponents, especially members of the [[Italian Socialist Party]].<ref name="Smith39"/> Through the support of its [[blackshirts]] militia and a political alliance with the government of [[Giovanni Giolitti]] and the [[Italian Nationalist Association]], the ''Fasci'' was able to enter the Italian Parliament for the first time after the [[1921 Italian general election|election of 1921]].<ref name="Smith43"/><ref name="Halperin34"/> In November of that year, the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' renamed and restructured itself as the [[National Fascist Party]].

==History==
===Background===
Benito Mussolini fought in the [[Royal Italian Army]] during [[World War I]] until he was wounded in February 1917 and discharged from the army after six months in the hospital.<ref name="Halperin27">S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. p. 27.</ref> After making his way back to [[Milan]], Mussolini returned to the position of chief editor of ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'', the newspaper he had originally founded in November 1914 to advocate for Italian entry into the war.<ref name="Smith29">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 29.</ref> The readership of the newspaper had declined in his absence, but Mussolini successfully revived the paper with a focus on war commentary. He sought to appeal to the former members and supporters of the ''[[Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria]]'', who had been ardent pro-war activists under his leadership in 1915.<ref name="Smith30">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 30.</ref> Mussolini envisioned a new political movement led by war veterans, argued that only those who had fought for their country were fit to govern,<ref name="Halperin27"/> and called for a "government by men in the trenches" who would become a new ruling class, the "aristocracy of tomorrow".<ref name="Smith30"/>

In 1917 and 1918, as the war continued, Mussolini and ''Il Popolo d'Italia'' received great funding from major arms manufacturers and businessmen in Milan.<ref name="Smith32">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 32.</ref><ref name="Halperin27"/> Historian [[Denis Mack Smith]] writes that "possibly this inflow of money from big business in no way affected the politics of his paper", but that Mussolini's enemies asked, "why these firms would support such a small newspaper unless it was for services rendered."<ref name="Smith32"/>

In 1919, after the end of World War I, the [[Treaty of Versailles]] resulted in Italy obtaining [[South Tyrol]], [[Trentino]], [[Istria]], and [[Trieste]] from [[Austria-Hungary]]. Italian nationalists also wanted [[Fiume]] and the region of [[Dalmatia]] on the Adriatic coast; hence they felt treated unfairly and spoke of a "[[mutilated victory]]". The Italian special forces from the war, known as the ''[[Arditi]]'', were angry about the problems in Italy. Mussolini sympathised with them, claiming he shared their war experiences; hence they joined his movement, eventually becoming the ''[[Squadrismo]]''.

Mussolini used his newspaper in 1919 to espouse an eclectic mix of "dramatic and eye-catching" proposals inspired by views from across the political spectrum, as he was "far more concerned with tactics than with ideas" and discovered that inconsistency did not bother his readers.<ref name="Smith33">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 33.</ref> Mussolini at this time "appeared successively as champion of the League and then nationalist, as socialist and then conservative, as a monarchist and then republican" and actively wished to keep all his political options open.<ref name="Smith33"/>

===Foundation of the ''Fasci''===
[[File:Fasci di combattimento.jpg|thumb|The [[manifesto]] of the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'', as published in ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'']]
The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' was founded by Mussolini and a group of between fifty and two hundred supporters who met in a hall provided by Milanese businessmen in the [[Piazza San Sepolcro]] on 23 March 1919.<ref name="Smith35">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 35.</ref><ref name="ModernItaly284">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1997) [1979]. ''Modern Italy: A Political History''. Ann Arbor: [[University of Michigan Press]]. ISBN 0300043422. p. 284.</ref> There was a great deal of confusion regarding what the new organisation officially stood for.<ref name="Smith35"/> In general, its stances were radically different from those of later fascism, as the early ''Fasci'' proclaimed its opposition to [[censorship]], [[militarism]] and [[dictatorship]].<ref name="ModernItaly284"/> Mussolini wrote that "we are libertarians above all, loving liberty for everyone, even for our enemies".<ref name="Smith35"/> On the same occasion, he also said that freedom of thought and speech were among the "highest expressions of human civilization".<ref name="Smith35"/>

Mussolini gave two speeches at the meeting on 23 March 1919, which contained a catch-all series of proposals intended to appeal to both the left and the right.<ref name="Halperin29">S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. p. 29.</ref> For the left, there were proposals to make Italy a republic based on [[universal suffrage|equal suffrage]] for both sexes (at the time, only men could vote), to introduce [[referendum]]s, to abolish the [[Senate of the Kingdom of Italy|Senate]], and to eliminate all titles based on caste or class, among others.<ref name="Halperin29"/> For the right, Mussolini endorsed nationalist claims over [[Fiume]] and [[Dalmatia]], and the ''Fasci'' proposed to take the government out of business and transfer large segments of the economy from public to private control.<ref>S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. pp. 29–30.</ref>

The [[Fascist Manifesto|manifesto of the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'']] was published on the following day in Mussolini's newspaper ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'', which was closely connected to it. However, ''Il Popolo d'Italia'' was not the official newspaper of the ''Fasci'' and always remained a separate organisation from it; the official publication of the movement was the weekly newspaper ''Il Fascio'', which was established sometime later when its publication became financially viable.<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Felice |first=Renzo |title=Mussolini il rivoluzionario |publisher=[[Giulio Einaudi Editore]] |year=1965 |pages=462 |language=it |quote="Il popolo d'Italia" – si badi bene – non fu l'organo ufficiale, ché questo fu, appena ne ebbero i mezzi, "Il fascio".}}</ref>

Soon after its foundation, the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' began engaging in political violence against its enemies. On 15 April 1919, the offices and printing equipment of the main socialist newspaper, ''[[Avanti! (newspaper)|Avanti!]]'', were attacked and destroyed by a group of fascists led by Marinetti and Ferruccio Vecchi.<ref name="Smith36">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 36.</ref> Mussolini himself did not claim responsibility for the attack, but he defended it and considered it "the first material achievement of the fascist revolution".<ref name="Smith36"/> On 9 and 10 October, the [[1st Congress of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento|1st Congress]] was held in Florence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chiurco |first=Giorgio Alberto |title=Storia della rivoluzione fascista, vol. 1, 1919 |publisher=Vallecchi |year=1929 |location=Firenze |pages=196–203 |language=it}}</ref>

In November 1919, [[1919 Italian general election|parliamentary elections were held]] in Italy. The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' allowed each of its local branches to approach the election however it saw fit. Many local branches decided on their own electoral program, some moving sharply to the right, although Mussolini and his Milan branch put forward a leftist and anti-clerical program.<ref name="Smith38">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 38.</ref> This was an attempt to win votes away from the socialists, but it proved to be an electoral disaster when Mussolini and his party gathered fewer than 5,000 votes, compared to 190,000 votes for the socialists in Milan alone.<ref name="ModernItaly284"/> The election result was so dismal that even in Mussolini's home village of Predappio, not a single person voted for him.<ref name="Smith38"/> In a mock funeral procession after the election, members of the [[Italian Socialist Party]] carried a coffin that bore Mussolini's name, parading it past his apartment to symbolise the end of his political career.<ref>[[Martin Clark (historian)|Clark, Martin]] (2014). ''Mussolini''. Profiles in Power. [[Routledge]]. p.  44.</ref>

===Reorientation and rise===
After the disastrous results in the November 1919 election, the membership of the ''Fasci'' dwindled, with fewer than 4,000 members left by the end of the year. Mussolini briefly considered leaving politics, emigrating away from Italy and pursuing a career in writing fiction.<ref name="Smith39">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 39.</ref> However, it soon became apparent that the newly elected parliament was unable to form any governing coalition. The largest party were the Socialists, a situation that alarmed the conservatives and made them seek new political allies to block any potential socialist government.<ref name="Smith39"/> Mussolini saw an opportunity to re-orient the ''Fasci'' towards an alliance with the traditional political right and decided to remain in politics.<ref name="Smith39"/>

Through a newspaper campaign in favour of increased armaments and a larger merchant marine, Mussolini and the ''Fasci'' gained new subsidies from business groups.<ref name="Halperin32">S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. p. 32.</ref> They also declared themselves in support of [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]'s [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|seizure of power in the city of Fiume]], and asked for public donations to support D'Annunzio. This money never reached D'Annunzio and was appropriated by the ''Fasci'' for their own purposes.<ref name="Halperin33">S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. p. 33.</ref> During the [[Biennio Rosso]], in the summer of 1920, a wave of [[strike action|strikes]] and [[occupation of factories|factory occupations]] by socialist workers further persuaded industrialists and landowners to provide financial support to the fascist movement.<ref name="Halperin33"/> The ''Fasci'' established new branches across the country and greatly expanded their paramilitary militia known as the [[blackshirts]]. Under the pretence of saving the country from [[communism]], they launched a wave of violence in the winter of 1920–21.<ref name="Halperin33"/>

By the autumn of 1920, the ''Fasci'' had shifted focus to the countryside, where they presented themselves as the most determined opposition to the socialists and the only ones willing to engage in acts of violence.<ref name="Payne95">[[Stanley G. Payne|Payne, Stanley G.]] 1995. ''A History of Fascism, 1914-1945''. [[University of Wisconsin Press]]. p.  95.</ref> The fascists recruited heavily from the countryside, and their membership grew tenfold during the last seven months of 1920.<ref name="Payne95"/> They increasingly made use of squads partially composed of military veterans and often led by former army officers to carry out "punitive expeditions" to sack socialist headquarters and break up trade unions.<ref>[[Stanley G. Payne|Payne, Stanley G.]] 1995. ''A History of Fascism, 1914-1945''. [[University of Wisconsin Press]]. p.  96.</ref>

Mussolini himself had relatively little control over the fascist armed squads at this time, but he used them to project an image of strength at the negotiating table with other political parties. For the [[1921 Italian general election|elections of May 1921]], the ''Fasci'' entered into a coalition with the government of [[Giovanni Giolitti]], who believed that he could use them against the socialists and the newly founded [[Italian Communist Party]].<ref name="Halperin34">S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. ISBN 0-442-00067-7. p. 34.</ref> The coalition led by Giolitti was called the [[National Bloc (Italy, 1921)|National Bloc]], and Mussolini presented his ''Fasci'' as representing the "extreme right-wing" of this group; this was the first time that he identified himself as being on the extreme right.<ref name="Smith43">[[Denis Mack Smith]] (1983). ''Mussolini: A Biography''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 0394716582. p. 43.</ref> He began to speak of Italians as being a superior race and said that "fascist foreign policy was summed up in the words 'imperialism' and 'national expansion{{'"}}.<ref name="Smith43"/>

The elections took place in a climate of violence. Since the fascists were now in a coalition with the government, they were allowed to break the law and intimidate their opponents with impunity. The police sometimes lent their trucks to fascist squads, army units sometimes gave them weapons, and judges usually found them innocent of charges brought against them.<ref name="Smith43"/> Some parts of the country were under effective fascist control by election day. In consequence, the ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' had a much better electoral result than in 1919, but still only received 7% of the vote and 35 seats in parliament (out of 535 total); the pro-fascist [[Italian Nationalist Association]] won 10 seats.<ref name="Smith43"/><ref name="Halperin34"/>

Although the number of fascists in parliament was small, one of the elected fascist deputies was Mussolini himself, and this gave him a platform to increase his public profile and to exert more influence over the regional and local ''Fasci'' leaders. It also gave him immunity from prosecution, which was important because there was a pending criminal case against him.<ref>{{cite book|author-link1=Denis Mack Smith|first1=Denis |last1=Mack Smith|year=1983|title=Mussolini: A Biography|place=New York|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=0394716582|access-date=28 February 2023|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JeRXAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>{{rp|43–44}}

A few months later, Mussolini decided to transform the relatively decentralised ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' into a more tightly organised political party under his control. Thus, in November 1921, the ''Fasci'' was renamed and reorganised as the [[National Fascist Party]].<ref name="Halperin34"/>

==Electoral results==

===Italian Parliament===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Election
! rowspan="2" | Leader
! colspan="5" | [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|-
! Votes !! % !! Seats !! +/– !! Position 
|-
! rowspan=2|[[1921 Italian general election|1921]]{{efn|In the 1921 election, 35 FIC members were elected within the National Bloc list, while 2 candidates were elected outside the coalition, running solely as FIC members.}}
| rowspan=2|{{center|[[Benito Mussolini]]}}
| colspan=2|Into [[National Bloc (Italy, 1921)|National Bloc]]
| rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|37|535|hex={{party color|Fasci Italiani di Combattimento}}}}
| rowspan=2|{{increase}} 37
| {{center|–}}
|-
| 29,549
| 0.45
| {{increase}} 15th
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Benito Mussolini}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fasci Italiani Di Combattimento}}
[[Category:1919 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:1921 disestablishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Defunct nationalist parties in Italy]]
[[Category:Fascist parties]]
[[Category:Italian fascism]]
[[Category:National syndicalism]]