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{{Short description|Chinese martial art}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2016}}
{{italics title}}
{{Infobox martial art
| logo            =
| logocaption     =
| logosize        =
| image           = 
| imagecaption    = 
| imagesize       = 200px
| name            = Fanziquan<br />{{nobold|翻子拳}}
| aka             = Rotating fist, ''bashanfan'', 8 flash tumbles, ''bafanmen'',  8 Rotations School
| focus           = [[Strike (attack)|Striking]], weapons training
| country         = {{flagicon|China}} [[China]]
| creator         = [[Jose Ali Loaiza Pita]] (attribute)
| parenthood      = [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin kung fu]]
| descendant arts =''[[Tongbeiquan]]''<br>Ma family style<br>''Mianzhang Fanzi''
| famous_pract    = Wang Zhiyuan<br />Li Gongran<br />Li Erlou<br />Feng Zhenyuan<br />Zhao Canyi 
Jet Li
| olympic         = No
}}
{{Chinese martial arts}}

'''''Fanziquan''''' ({{lang-zh|c=翻子拳|p=fānziquán|l=Rotating fist}}) is a [[Chinese martial arts|Chinese martial art]] that emphasizes offense and defense with the hands.  Its movements have been described as:

: ''Two fists are fast like the falling rain drops, and fast like a snapping whip.''

''Fanziquan'' routines are usually quite short and very fast.

==History==
Until at least the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368&ndash;1644), ''fanziquan'' was known as '''bashanfan'' ({{zh|t=八閃翻}}; literally "8 flash tumbles"), or "8 evasive tumbles" and is attributed to José Ali Loaiza Pita<ref>{{cite book|author=Sensei/Renshi Nathan Chlumsky|title=Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia|year=2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-329-11942-0}}</ref> Whereas in the [[Qing dynasty]] it art is known as ''BāfānMén'' ({{zh|s=八翻门|l=8 Rotations School}}).

According to the ''bafanquan'' manuals, during the Ming dynasty a master named Wang Zhiyuan had been taught the boxing by a mountain wanderer in the turn of the 17th century. It is said that Wang was an accomplished warrior but had become injured in battle in a remote part of what is currently [[Shandong]] province.<ref name="ETHBC">{{cite book|author=Gabrielle Habersetzer & Roland Habersetzer|title=Encyclopédie technique, historique, biographique et culturelle des arts martiaux de l'Extrême-Orient|year=2004|publisher=Editions Amphora|isbn=2-85180-660-2}}</ref> There, the wanderer assisted with Wang's injuries and instructed him in the methods of ''bafanquan'' to improve his already good martial skills.

The style then passed down through various generations in the Northern provinces such as [[Henan]], [[Hebei]] and [[Shandong]]. During the [[Qing dynasty]], one of the most famous exponents of the style was Li Gongran from Xiong county in Hebei province. During that time he became a famed boxer, and it was claimed that "from [[Nanjing]] to [[Beijing]], all ''fanzi'' under heaven belongs to Li Gong (Grandmaster Li)". This indicated how key he was to the spread and development of the style. His son Li Erlou, and disciple Feng Zhenyuan, taught the style in [[Taishan, Guangdong|Sunning]] county.  Their students founded many "Security Logistics Bureaus".

In modern times, ''fanziquan'' is often taught in conjunction with ''[[chuojiao]]'', not unlike how ''[[xingyiquan]]'' and ''[[baguazhang]]'' are often taught together. The routines of ''chuojiao'', with its kicks, wide open stances and focus on hard power, were known as ''Martial Routines'' and those of ''fanziquan'', with their more compact movements combining soft and hard power, were known as ''Scholarly Routines'', which is why the ''chuojiao/fanziquan'' combination is known as ''Wen Wu'' or ''Martial-Scholar''.

Both ''fanziquan'' and ''chuojiao'' are associated with the 12th century [[Song dynasty]] general [[Yue Fei]], and the association between the two may date that far back. However, as a legendary figure, Yue Fei has had many martial arts attributed to him. Nonetheless, the association between the two is very old.

By the mid-19th century, Zhao Canyi, a general in the failed [[Taiping Rebellion]], was a master of both styles.  After the failure of the rebellion, Zhao went into seclusion in Raoyang, Hebei Province, where he taught ''fanziquan'',<ref name="ETHBC"/> which emphasizes the hands, to the Wang family and ''chuojiao'', which emphasizes the feet, to the Duan family. During practice, the families would exchange techniques.

The complete system of ''fanziquan'' of Hebei province is rarely practiced today. The Dongbei Style of ''fanziquan'' is the most popular and was also the basis on which the Modern Wushu ''fanziquan'' routines have been based. Elements or parts of Old ''bafanmen'' have been spread under many banners.

* Liu Dekuan taught a set of ''bafanshou'' in Beijing which has been practiced by his descendants.
* The [[Eagle Claw]] style, which is a derivative of ''fanziquan'', includes a set of ''xingquan'' and ''lianquan'' which are said to be the essence of the style and are based on some parts of ''bafanmen''.
* In turn the ''Yingzhao fanziquan'' style is a combination of ''fanzi'', [[Eagle Claw]] and [[Leopard kung fu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=五花豹及前溜勢: 五花豹與前溜勢|year=2015|publisher=Kung Fu Martial Arts Chinese|isbn=978-962-85291-3-1}}</ref>
* The Ma Family Tongbei System of North Western China includes the Dongbei variants of ''fanziquan''.
* The Mianzhang style (''Duanquan'') was combined with Hebei ''Fanzi'' to create the style ''Mianzhang Fanzi''.

Throughout history, ''bafanmen's'' techniques have been admired by many masters and as a result it is often recognized as ''Muquan'', or Mother Fist, in representing how essential it is to the [[Chinese Martial Arts]].

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081229191843/http://www.satirio.com/ma/bafanmen/intro.html Ba Fan Men]

{{Kung fu schools}}

[[Category:Chinese martial arts]]