View source for FS Class ETR 450

{{onesource|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #FFCF81
| name = ElettroTreno Rapido 450
| image = ETR450.06.jpg
| imagealt = 
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Italian "Pendolino" ETR 450.
| interiorimage = 
| interiorimagealt = 
| interiorcaption = 
| service = 29 May 1988 - 6 January 2015
| manufacturer = Fiat Ferroviaria, Ercole Marelli
| factory = Savigliano ( Cuneo )
| family = [[Pendolino]]
| replaced = 
| yearconstruction = 1987 - 1992
| yearservice = 1988
| refurbishment = 1993
| yearscrapped = 2015
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = 15
| numberservice = 
| numberpreserved = 1 ( for Fondazione FS )
| numberscrapped = 14
| formation = 6 cars ( 1st class only ), 8 cars, 9 cars ( 1st and 2nd class )
| fleetnumbers = 
| capacity = 390 seats: 170 1st class, 220 2nd class / 126 1st class, 264 2nd class.
| operator = [[Trenitalia]]
| depots = 
| lines = Roma - Milano, Roma - Torino, Roma - Firenze - Genova - Savona, Roma - Venezia, Roma - Verona - Bolzano, Roma - Bari - Lecce, Roma - Napoli - Salerno, Roma - Potenza - Taranto, Roma - Reggio Calabria, Roma Perugia, Roma - Ancona, Roma - Rimini, Roma - La Spezia, Roma - Vicenza, Milano - Ancona - Pescara.
| carbody = 
| trainlength = {{cvt|233.9|m|ftin}}
| carlength = 
| width = 
| height = 
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = 
| art-sections = 
| maxspeed = {{Convert|280|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (design)<br>{{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (service)
| weight = 
| acceleration = 
| deceleration = 
| traction = 
| engine = 
| poweroutput = 5568 kW hourly, 5008 kW continuous
| transmission = 
| aux = 
| electricsystem = 3 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|Overhead catenary]]
| hvac = 
| powersupply = 
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = 
| aarwheels = 
| bogies = 
| brakes = 
| safety = 
| coupling = 
| multipleworking = 
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
}}[[File:Etr450.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Front view]]

'''ETR 450''' (''ElettroTrenoRapido 450'') was the first series [[Italy|Italian]] [[tilting train]] (also called [[Pendolino]]).

==History==
The Pendolino project was started in the 1970s by [[FIAT Ferroviaria]]. Development included a number of prototypes, the last of which was the '''ETR&nbsp;401'''. This prototype was followed by the ETR&nbsp;450 series units. The first train entered service on between [[Rome]] and [[Milan]] in 1988.

Every train is made up of 9 units. The trains can reach a maximum speed of {{Convert|280|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, service top speed was {{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. The ETR 450 were in use on the Rome-[[Bari]], Rome-[[Ancona]]-[[Rimini]] and [[Genoa]]-[[Florence]] - Rome lines. It was relegated to lower services with the introduction of the next generation of Pendolino trains ([[ETR 460]], [[ETR 480]]) and non-tilting high-speed trains ([[ETR 500]]).

In 2004, shortage of gyroscopic tilting controls (now out of production by [[British Aerospace]]) resulted in a decision to deactivate the tilting mechanism in the ETR 450. This necessitated a reclassification of the ETR 450, placing it in the same category as most conventional passenger rail, and requiring a decrease in its speed on turns. Overall top speed was also reduced to {{Convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Subsequent years would see the ETR 450 transferred from [[High-speed rail in Italy|high speed lines]] to use in [[Rail transport in Italy#Intercity trains|long-distance conventional lines]]. 

In December 2014, the last of the ETR 450 trains were removed from service, the later years of the model marked by operational delays and maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferrovie.it - Mesta conclusione di carriera per gli ETR.450 |url=https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/3436 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Ferrovie.it |language=it}}</ref> 

==Characteristics==
*Construction years: 1987 - 1992
*Max. speed (in service): {{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
*Max. tilting angle: 8°
*Total number of seats: 390 (220 II + 170 I)

==See also==
*[[ElettroTreno]]
*[[Eurostar Italia]]
*[[New Pendolino]]
*[[Pendolino]]
*[[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]]
*[[Trenitalia]]
*[[Treno Alta Velocità]]
* [[List of high speed trains]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|FS ETR.450}}

{{FS EMUs and DMUs}}
{{Pendolino}}
{{High-speed rail}}

[[Category:Pendolino]]
[[Category:High-speed trains of Italy]]
[[Category:Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane electric railcars and multiple units|ETR 450]]
[[Category:Fiat Ferroviaria]]
[[Category:Italian streamliner trains]]
[[Category:3000 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1983]]