View source for Expo 2010

{{short description|World Expo held in Shanghai, China}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox World's Fair
| box_width       = 
| class           = Universal
| category        = 3
|image = Shanghai World Expo.svg
|caption = Expo 2010 logo
|image_width = 170px
| year            = 2010
| name            = Expo 2010	
| motto           = ''Better City – Better Life'' ({{lang|zh-CN|城市，让生活更美好}})
| building        = 
| area            = {{convert|523|ha|acre|abbr=off}}
| invent          = 
| visitors        = 73,085,000 
| mascot          = [[Haibao]]
| organized       = 
| cnt             = 192
| org             = 
| biz             = 
| country         = China
| city            = [[Shanghai]]
| venue           = 
| coord           = {{Coord|31.194118|121.486387|type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| cand            = 
| award           = {{start date|2002|12|3|df=y}}
| open            = {{start date|2010|05|1|df=y}}
| close           = {{start date|2010|10|31|df=y}}
| prevexpo        = [[Expo 2005]]
| prevcity        = [[Aichi]]
| nextexpo        = [[Expo 2015]]
| nextcity        = [[Milan]]
| suppl           = 
| prevsuppl       = [[Expo 2008]] 
| prevsupcity     = [[Zaragoza]] 
| nextsuppl       = [[Expo 2012]] 
| nextsupcity     = [[Yeosu]] 
| prevunho        = [[Royal Flora Ratchaphruek|Expo 2006]]
| prevunhocity    = [[Chiang Mai]]
| nextunho        = [[Floriade 2012|Expo 2012]]
| nextunhocity    = [[Venlo]]
| simuni          = 
| simspe          = 
| simhor          = 
| simoth          = 
| website         = [https://web.archive.org/web/20121218231737/http://en.expo2010.cn/ Expo 2010 Shanghai China] at the [[Wayback Machine]] (Archived on 2012-12-18) 
{{Infobox Chinese
  |child    = yes
  | title = {{nowrap|China 2010 Shanghai World Expo}}
  | s = {{nowrap|中国2010年上海世界博览会}}
  | t = 中國2010年上海世界博覽會
  | p = Zhōngguó 2010 Nián Shànghǎi Shìjìe Bólǎnhuì
  | wuu = Tson<sup>平</sup>koh<sup>入</sup> 2010-Nyie<sup>平</sup> Zaon<sup>去</sup>he<sup>上</sup> Sy<sup>去</sup>ka<sup>去</sup> Poh<sup>入</sup>lae<sup>上</sup>we<sup>去</sup>
  | j = Zung<sup>1</sup>gwok<sup>3</sup> 2010-Nin<sup>4</sup> Soeng<sup>6</sup>hoi<sup>2</sup> Sai<sup>3</sup>gaai<sup>3</sup> Bok<sup>3</sup>laam<sup>5</sup>wui<sup>6*2</sup>
  | poj = Tiong-kok 2010-Nî Siōng-hái Sè-kài Phok-lám-hoē
  | h = Chûng-koet 2010-ngièn Sông-hói Sṳ-kie Pok-lám-fi
  | altname = "Expo"
  | s2 = 世博会
  | t2 = 世博會
  | p2 = Shìbóhuì
  | wuu2 = Sy<sup>去</sup>poh<sup>入</sup>we<sup>去</sup>
  | j2 = Sai<sup>3</sup>bok<sup>3</sup>wui<sup>6*2</sup>
  | poj2 = Sè-phok-hoē
  | h2 = Sṳ-pok-fi
  | order = st
  }}
}}

'''Expo 2010''', officially the '''Expo 2010 Shanghai China''', was held on both banks of the [[Huangpu River]] in [[Shanghai]], China, from 1 May to 31 October 2010. It was a major [[World's fair|World Expo]] registered by the [[Bureau International des Expositions]] (BIE), in the tradition of international fairs and expositions, the first since 2005.<ref>[https://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/all-world-expos ''List of World Expos'']</ref> The theme of the exposition was ''"Better City&nbsp;– Better Life"'' and signifies Shanghai's new status in the 21st century as the "next great [[world city]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/04/china-rules-the-world-at-expo-2010/39566/ |title=China Rules the World at Expo 2010 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=29 April 2010 |access-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125100129/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/04/china-rules-the-world-at-expo-2010/39566/ |archive-date=25 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Expo 2010 emblem|Expo emblem]] features the Chinese character {{lang|zh-CN|世}} ('world', Chinese "shì") modified to represent three people together with the 2010 date. It had the largest number of countries participating and was the most expensive Expo in the history of the world's fairs. The Shanghai World Expo was also the largest World's Fair site ever at 5.28 square km.<ref name="google.com">{{Cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=10469579&page=2|title=Shanghai World Expo showcases China's soft power|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

By the end of the expo, over 73 million people had visited – a record attendance – and 246 countries and international organizations had participated.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-10/31/c_13584040.htm |title=Shanghai World Expo wins worldwide applause |date=31 October 2010 |access-date=7 January 2014 |newspaper=Xinhua |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108133122/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-10/31/c_13584040.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 16 October 2010, the expo set a single-day record of over 1.03 million visitors.<ref>Fauna, 19 October 2010, [http://www.chinasmack.com/2010/pictures/shanghai-world-expo-sees-1-million-visitors-in-a-single-day.html Shanghai World Expo Sees 1+ Million Visitors In A Single Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025032240/http://www.chinasmack.com/2010/pictures/shanghai-world-expo-sees-1-million-visitors-in-a-single-day.html |date=25 October 2010 }}, Chinasmack</ref>

==History==

===Early participation and hosting===
{{Main|History of the Shanghai Expo}}

Shanghai has been one of the main cities envisioned to host the expos for some time.  Many scholars have written about the possibility and made suggestions in books.  Unofficial participation in fairs outside China have happened since 1851.  In 1910, the [[Qing dynasty]] decided to host China's first fair with the [[Nanyang Industrial Exposition]] in [[Nanjing]] (then usually spelled Nanking).<ref name="huax">HK.huaxia.com. "[http://hk.huaxia.com/zhwh/gjzt/2010/04/1853085.html HK.huaxia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912062448/http://hk.huaxia.com/zhwh/gjzt/2010/04/1853085.html |date=12 September 2012 }}." ''南洋勸業會：南京一個世紀前的世博會.'' Retrieved on 8 May 2010.</ref>

===Selection process===
Shanghai scored the highest in each of the four rounds of voting at the 132nd Meeting of the [[Bureau of International Expositions]] in [[Prince's Palace of Monaco]], [[Monte Carlo]], Monaco, with [[Yeosu]], South Korea maintaining second place.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;"
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|'''132nd Meeting of the [[Bureau of International Expositions]]'''<ref>English.peopledaily.com.cn. "[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200212/03/eng20021203_107892.shtml English.peopledaily.com.cn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010448/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200212/03/eng20021203_107892.shtml |date=24 January 2009 }}." ''Shanghai Wins World Expo 2010 Bid.'' Retrieved on 8 May 2010.</ref><br /><small>3 December 2002, in [[Prince's Palace of Monaco]], [[Monte Carlo]], Monaco</small>
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| '''City'''
| '''Nation'''
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 1'''
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 2'''
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 3'''
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 4'''
|-
||Shanghai||{{CHN}}||'''36'''||'''38'''||'''44'''||'''54'''
|-
||[[Yeosu]]||{{KOR}}||28||34||32||34
|-
||[[Moscow]]||{{RUS}}||12||10||12||-
|-
||[[Querétaro, Querétaro|Querétaro]]||{{MEX}}||6||6||-||-
|-
||[[Wrocław]]||{{POL}}||6|||-||-||-
|}

==Organization==
[[File:Shanghai (Huang Pu River at Night) 046.jpg|thumb|Better City, Better Life, the theme of Expo 2010.]]
In 2004, [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|the Chinese central government]] established the Shanghai World Expo Organising Committee as the organization dedicated to host the event. The Organising Committee set up an executive committee which is responsible for the execution and management of expo affairs. Besides, the Shanghai World Expo Coordination is founded for the daily affairs of the executive committee.<ref name="introduction">{{Cite web|url=http://www.expo2010.cn/expo/expoenglish/oe/iao/index.html|work=the Official EXPO website|title=Institutions and Organisations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318042654/http://www.expo2010.cn/expo/expoenglish/oe/iao/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>

The site of the event was the [[Nanpu Bridge (Shanghai Metro)|Nanpu Bridge]]–[[Lupu Bridge]] region in the center of Shanghai along both sides of the [[Huangpu River]]. The area of the Expo 2010 covers 5.28&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="google.com"/>

After winning the bid to host the Expo in 2002, Shanghai began a monumental task to reshape the city. More than $48 billion<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-news/youve-come-a-long-way-baby-shanghai-finds-its-big-feat-20100430-tzbt.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=You've come a long way, baby: Shanghai finds its big feat | date=1 May 2010 | access-date=1 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502080642/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-news/youve-come-a-long-way-baby-shanghai-finds-its-big-feat-20100430-tzbt.html | archive-date=2 May 2010 | url-status=live }}</ref> was spent for the preparation, more than the cost of cleaning up Beijing in the preparations for the Olympics in 2008. Shanghai began clearing 2.6 square kilometres along the Huangpu River; that involved moving 18,000 families and 270 factories, including the Jiang Nan Shipyard, which employs 10,000 workers.

Six new subway lines were opened between 2008 and 2010; four thousand brand new taxis were added in the month before Expo 2010 opened and the city's buildings along the river were decorated with more energy-efficient LEDs.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}

During the expo, the expo site was crowded with national pavilions, sculpture gardens, shops, a sports arena and clam-shaped performing arts centre.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Shanghai trained more than 1.7 million volunteers and adopted Olympic-level security measures, adding metal detectors to subway entrances and screening cars entering the city.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}

The Shanghai Expo also featured an online version of the expo grounds featuring 3D renderings of the expo grounds, and a 3D version of the pavilion interior and offerings.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}

==Participation==
{{Main|List of participants at the Expo Shanghai 2010}}
The Shanghai World Expo provided an unparalleled opportunity for the tourism industry. During 2010's Spring Festival, Shanghai received 2.79 million tourists, an increase of 12 percent from the previous year, resulting in record high numbers of visitors. Overall Shanghai's tourism revenue achieved an increase of 13 percent year on year during Spring Festival, resulting in RMB 2.1 billion in total revenue.<ref>[http://www.knightfrank.com.cn Knight Frank China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302022319/http://www.knightfrank.com.cn/ |date=2 March 2014 }} Knight Frank Research, Shanghai Retail Quarterly Report, Q1 2010</ref>

[[File:Expo 2010 Shanghai flags and China Pavilion.jpg|thumb|Flags of participating countries waving in front of the China pavilion.]]
{{Expand section|date=May 2010}}

192 countries and 50 organizations registered to participate in the Shanghai World Expo, a record number for that time.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}}

==Attendance==
Over 73 million people visited Expo 2010 during the 184-day event, breaking the previous record of 64 million visitors set by [[Expo 70]] in [[Osaka]]. Organizers had expected 70 million visitors at the start of the expo.  About 5.8 percent of the visitors, or 4.25 million, were foreigners.<ref name="profit">{{cite news |url=http://english.eastday.com/e/111001/u1a6133087.html |title=City's record-breaking Expo turns in a profit |newspaper=Eastday |date=1 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015104613/http://english.eastday.com/e/111001/u1a6133087.html |archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>

==Finances==
Shanghai spent 11.964 billion yuan in operating cost to host the event, making it the most expensive World Expo ever, but the organizers still made an operating profit of more than 1 billion yuan (US$157 million) thanks to the record attendance.  The total revenue was 13.014 billion yuan, including 7.36 billion yuan in admission fees and almost 4 billion yuan in sponsorship income.  However, the city invested another 19.74 billion yuan to prepare and construct the 5.28 square kilometer site, exceeding the budget of 18 billion yuan.<ref name="profit" />

==Opening ceremony==

[[File:2010ExpoFireworks.ogv|thumb|right|Opening ceremony fireworks finale, viewed from below [[Nanpu Bridge]]]]

[[File:Shanghai Expo opening-night fireworks.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the Expo site]]

{{Main|2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony}}
The opening ceremony was held in the evening of 30 April 2010 attended by dozens of world leaders.<ref name="wp1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/30/AR2010043001155.html|title=Chinese officials open Shanghai Expo|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Andrew|last=Higgins|date=1 May 2010|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220140209/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/30/AR2010043001155.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The ceremony consisted of an indoor and outdoor component. [[Jackie Chan]], [[Lang Lang]], and [[Andrea Bocelli]] were among the performers in the indoor component. The event featured an outdoor display of [[fireworks]], lasers, and dancing fountains after a performance by singers and dancers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/2010-World-Expo-Shanghai-Fair-Showcases-189-Countries/Article/201004415623116?lpos=World_News_Second_Home_Page_Feature_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15623116_2010_World_Expo%3A_Shanghai_Fair_Showcases_189_Countries|title=World Expo Aims To Woo Chinese Customers |publisher=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gGlI66t_-GaZT9xSgwXHbqXT13aQD9FDFR1G2|title=Shanghai marks comeback with Expo extravaganza|agency=Associated Press|access-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502042557/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gGlI66t_-GaZT9xSgwXHbqXT13aQD9FDFR1G2|archive-date=2 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The outdoor ceremony was produced by [[David Atkins]] Enterprises. 6,000 [[LED]] balls were floated into the [[Huangpu River]] representing fish. Organisers called the outdoor show "the largest [[searchlight]] display in history, the largest collection of multi-coloured [[laser]] firepower ever assembled in one place, the world's largest LED screen, one of the largest dancing [[water fountains]] ever, and the "largest light show ever attempted"."<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/bff10556-5463-11df-b75d-00144feab49a / China / Economy & Trade – Shanghai adds pyrotechnic power to Expo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502004957/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bff10556-5463-11df-b75d-00144feab49a.html?ftcamp=rss |date=2 May 2010 }}. Ft.com (28 July 2010). Retrieved on 30 September 2010.</ref> [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] [[Hu Jintao]] inaugurated the opening of the Shanghai World Expo.

==Closing ceremony==
The closing ceremony was held on 31 October 2010, with numerous world leaders in attendance including [[Wen Jiabao]], Prime Minister of China, Sri Lanka's President [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]], [[Viktor Orbán]], Prime Minister of Hungary, [[Mari Kiviniemi]], Prime Minister of Finland, [[Hubert Ingraham]], Prime Minister of Bahamas, [[Pakalitha Mosisili]], Prime Minister of Lesotho, [[Ram Baran Yadav]], President of Nepal and [[Ban Ki-moon]], Secretary-General of the United Nations.<ref>[http://www.onlanka.com/?p=2037 Onlanka News – President Rajapaksa participates EXPO 2010 Closing Ceremony "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103233938/http://www.onlanka.com/?p=2037 |date=3 November 2010 }}. Onlanka.com (31 October 2010). Retrieved on 19 January 2011.</ref>

==Expo music==

===Performances===
About 20,000 performances were set to be staged between 1 May and 31 October in 2010, many singers present at the expo song writing and preparation process since 2008. Performers included [[Alan Tam]], [[Gigi Leung]], [[Stephanie Cheng]], [[Khalil Fong]], [[Hacken Lee]], [[Denise Ho]], [[Hins Cheung]], [[Vincy Chan]], Philadelphia Boys Choir, National Boys Choir of Australia, [[Salut salon|Salut Salon]], the [[Cross Border Orchestra of Ireland]] and the [[Harvard Din & Tonics]], and others.<ref>En.expo2010.cn. "[http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20081014/000002.htm En.expo2010.cn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309080331/http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20081014/000002.htm |date=9 March 2012 }}." ''Hong Kong musicians invited to write Expo tunes.'' Retrieved on 17 May 2010.</ref>

===Theme songs===
*The official theme songs of the Expo were "City" by [[Jackie Chan]] and "Better City, Better Life" by [[Quincy Jones]].
*The promotional song of the Expo was "[[Right Here Waiting for You 2010]]" ({{zh|s=2010等你来|p=èr líng yī líng děng nǐ lái}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-04/01/c_13233648.htm |title=Expo song released for 30-day countdown |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |date=1 April 2010 |access-date=21 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610001523/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-04/01/c_13233648.htm |archive-date=10 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Released during the 30-day countdown on 1 April, Right Here Waiting for You 2010 was plagiarized from the 1997 Japanese song "Sonomama no Kimi de Ite" ("Stay the Way You Are") by [[Mayo Okamoto]]. This resulted in its use as the Expo theme being suspended. After discussions with Okamoto's management, a compromise was reached such that "Sonomama no Kimi de Ite" is now the official song of the 2010 Expo<ref>[[mainichi]] (19 April 2010), ''[http://mainichi.jp/enta/geinou/news/20100419mog00m200023000c.html 岡本真夜：上海万博PR曲に盗作された疑いの「そのままの君でいて」が正式決定] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421021441/http://mainichi.jp/enta/geinou/news/20100419mog00m200023000c.html |date=21 April 2010 }}''. Retrieved 20 April 2010.</ref>
*The theme song for Shanghai World Expo volunteers was "By Your Side" ({{zh|t=在你身邊|s=在你身边|p=zài nǐ shēn biān}}) by [[Eason Chan]].
*The theme song for the Shanghai World Expo for the Chinese culture was "The World Watching China", sung by Chinese singer [[Han Geng]].
*The theme song for Norway was "Powered By Nature" which was composed by [[Rolf Løvland]] and performed by his group [[Secret Garden (duo)|Secret Garden]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.secretgarden.no/lowband/fs_facts_feeling.html |title=Secret Garden – New Album and Norwegian Winter Concert |work=SecretGarden.no |access-date=3 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028021833/http://www.secretgarden.no/lowband/fs_facts_feeling.html |archive-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The song was recorded for their 2011 album ''[[Winter Poem]]''.

==Mascot==
{{Main|Haibao}}
[[Haibao]] was the mascot of the Shanghai Expo 2010. It means treasure of the sea and was based on the Chinese character for man or person, "人". Some said that Haibao resembles [[Gumby]],<ref name="jt20100419">{{cite web|url=http://mainichi.jp/select/world/news/20100424k0000e030038000c.html |title=上海万博：また盗作騒ぎ マスコット「ガンビーに似てる」 |work=The Mainichi Daily News |date=24 April 2010 |access-date=24 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426165902/http://mainichi.jp/select/world/news/20100424k0000e030038000c.html |archive-date=26 April 2010 }}(Japanese)</ref> but the expo's secretariat said that it was an original design chosen through a competition and that they had never heard of Gumby.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/select/world/news/20100424dde035030059000c.html |title=上海万博：マスコットのコピー横行 「そもそも米キャラの盗作」 |work=The Mainichi Daily News |date=24 April 2010 |access-date=24 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714091627/http://mainichi.jp/select/world/news/20100424dde035030059000c.html |archive-date=14 July 2012}} (Japanese)</ref>

==Expo Axis==
[[File:Expo Axis nighttime.jpg|thumb|Expo Axis at night]]
[[File:ExpoShanghai 2010.jpg|thumb|left|Expo Axis]]
{{Main|Expo Axis}}
The main building – called "[[Expo Axis]]" – has the world's largest membrane construction<ref>[http://www.archdaily.com/57749/shanghai-2010-boulevard-knippers-helbig/ Shanghai 2010 Boulevard / SBA international + Knippers Helbig] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503143039/http://www.archdaily.com/57749/shanghai-2010-boulevard-knippers-helbig/ |date=3 May 2010 }}. ArchDaily. Retrieved on 30 September 2010.</ref> and was built by SBA (architects) and [[Knippers Helbig]] (structural engineers). The building consists of some steel-glass funnels with a {{Nowrap|1,000 m}} long membrane construction. The main construction was completed at the end of 2009.<ref>Shanghai Daily; 31 December 2009</ref>

==Pavilions==
{{Main|Expo 2010 pavilions}}

===Theme pavilions===
There were five central theme pavilions at the Expo 2010, exploring different aspects of urban development. They were called ''Urban Footprints'', ''Urban Planet'', ''Urbanian'', ''City Being'', and ''Urban Future''.<ref>[http://en.expo2010.cn/c/en_qy_tpl_272.htm ''Theme Pavilions_the official Website of Expo 2010 Shanghai China''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819103823/http://en.expo2010.cn/c/en_qy_tpl_272.htm |date=19 August 2010 }}</ref>

===National pavilions===
[[File:Shanghai Expo 2010.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Shanghai Expo 2010 3.jpg|thumb]]
{{Main|Expo 2010 pavilions}}

[[Expo 2010 pavilions|National pavilions]] included: 
Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cambodia, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Pacific Pavilion, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam 
and Yemen.

===Corporate pavilions===
Corporate pavilions included: Aurora Pavilion, [[Broad Group|Broad]] Pavilion, China Railway, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Pavilion, [[Coca-Cola]] Pavilion, Cisco Pavilion, Information and Communication Pavilion, Oil Pavilion, Japanese Industry, PICC, Private Enterprises Joint Pavilion, Republic of Korea Business, SAIC-GM Pavilion, Shanghai Corporate Joint Pavilion, Space Pavilion, Space Home Pavilion, State Grid and Vanke Pavilion.<ref>[http://en.expo2010.cn/pavilions/hqzg.htm Pavilions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125012620/http://en.expo2010.cn/pavilions/hqzg.htm |date=25 November 2012 }}.</ref>

===International organizations===
The Expo also included a pavilion for the [[Expo 2010 pavilions#Red Cross and Red Crescent|Red Cross and Red Crescent]] and several [[Expo 2010 pavilions#International organisations|others]].

===Urban Best Practice Area pavilions===
The Urban Best Practice Area allowed  cities and regions an opportunity to share experiences of improving urban living.<ref name="UBPA1">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Travel+Business+News+-+Asia+%2F+Pacific-a0215766784|access-date=15 April 2021|title=Travel Business News - Asia / Pacific. - Free Online Library}}</ref>
San Francisco (a Shanghai sister city) was one participant here,<ref name="UBPA1" />
as were
Dafeng Town in Shenzhen, 
Hangzhou,
Liverpool,
London,
Montreal, 
Rotterdam and
Seoul.<ref name="UBPA2">{{cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2010/10/08/ubpa_visit_it_before_the_expo_ends/?gallery0pic=7|access-date=15 April 2021|title=Urban Best Practices Area: A must visit before the Expo ends – Shanghaiist}}</ref>

The Expo also included Chinese displays about Hong Kong and Ningbo.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

==Legacy==
The Expo introduced numerous urban best practices and concepts from all over the world which the organisers hope will be a lasting legacy for better urban life in China and around the world. It advocated for future development to focus on environmental sustainability, efficiency and diversity. The innovations and achievements of the event were summarised in the Shanghai Declaration issued by the participants of the Expo. The declaration also nominated the Shanghai Expo's closing day 31 October as "World Better Cities Day". [[United Nations Secretary-General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] stated at the closing of the Expo, "Thanks to this Expo, millions of people learned about possibilities for making our cities healthier and safer, cities that better integrate nature and technology, cities that offer their citizens cleaner air and water, and better lives all around".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20101101/000005.htm |title= Expo legacy will live on |author= Zhang Fengmin |date= 1 November 2010 |access-date= 20 January 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110101084727/http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20101101/000005.htm |archive-date= 1 January 2011}}</ref>

Within Shanghai, the grounds of the former Expo site now constitute the [[Shanghai Expo Park|Expo Park]], including the former China Pavilion. The [[Bureau of International Expositions]] (BIE) and the Shanghai government have announced plans to construct the world's only official World Expo Museum in Shanghai, on the Puxi side of the expo site.  Construction began in 2012, and the museum opened its doors on 1 May 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Expo Museum opens its doors|url=http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/news/87-news-announcements/bie-activity/1317-world-expo-museum-to-open-on-1-may|publisher=Bureau International des Expositions|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606003627/http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/news/87-news-announcements/bie-activity/1317-world-expo-museum-to-open-on-1-may|archive-date=6 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> More than 200 participants from Expo 2010 have donated over 30,000 exhibits to the future museum. The BIE has added into its formal requirements that all future Expo bidders shall support the new Expo Museum.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nsp/Metro/2011/09/25/City%2Bgets%2Bofficial%2BExpo%2Bmuseum/|title=City gets official Expo museum |newspaper=Shanghai Daily |date=25 September 2011}}</ref>

The Shanghai Expo was touted by the [[Government of the People's Republic of China|Chinese government]] as yet another first-rate global scale event, similar in significance to the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]], which would symbolise the economic and political rise of China in the 21st century. The event would demonstrate to both the Chinese populace and foreign nations the enormous progress of China's urban development in the heart of the nation's economic hub of Shanghai. The event received extensive media coverage in the [[Media of the People's Republic of China|Chinese media]] both in the lead up and during the World Expo. According to China analyst Tom Doctoroff, "In terms of what the city was able to achieve, the Chinese were impressed. Shanghai stepped up a level in internationalization".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowledgeatwharton.com.cn/index.cfm?fa=viewArticle&articleID=2336&languageid=1 |title=Expo 2010's Legacy: What Did Shanghai Gain? |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004164035/http://www.knowledgeatwharton.com.cn/index.cfm?fa=viewArticle&articleID=2336&languageid=1 |archive-date=4 October 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Outside China, the Expo propelled Shanghai onto magazine covers, newspaper front pages and television programmes at a time when it is laying the groundwork to become an international financial centre by 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/china-says-goodbye-to-world-expo-2119767.html |title=China says goodbye to World Expo |newspaper=The Independent |date=29 October 2010 |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124033405/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/china-says-goodbye-to-world-expo-2119767.html |archive-date=24 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Controversies==
A group of NGOs protested a month before the expo against the alleged displacement of 18,000 families in the Shanghai area in connection with the Expo.<ref>United Nations Watch, ''[http://www.unwatch.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=bdKKISNqEmG&b=1347173&ct=8538783&notoc=1 Joint NGO Appeal for 18,000 victims of forced evictions by 2010 Shanghai World Expo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309183442/http://www.unwatch.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=bdKKISNqEmG&b=1347173&ct=8538783&notoc=1 |date=9 March 2012 }}'', 22 July 2010.</ref> Dissident [[Feng Zhenghu]] was detained in mid April 2010 for threatening to publicly seek redress for them in the courts.<ref>Atimes.com. "[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LE04Cb02.html Atimes.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128115530/http://atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LE04Cb02.html |date=28 November 2011 }}." ''Shanghai Expo - a message for all.'' Retrieved on 2010-01-23.</ref> According to the U.S. government-run [[Congressional-Executive Commission on China]], Shanghai authorities used the expo as an excuse to conduct a surveillance, propaganda, and detention campaign against members of the banned [[Falun Gong]] spiritual group.<ref name=CECC>Congressional Executive Commission on China, [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_house_committee_prints&docid=f:61507.pdf Annual Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205184654/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_house_committee_prints&docid=f:61507.pdf |date=5 December 2010 }}, 2010.</ref>

[[Denmark]] controversially sent the original [[The Little Mermaid (statue)|Little Mermaid statue]] from [[Copenhagen]] to the expo, putting a video replica recorded by dissident [[Ai Weiwei]] in its place.<ref name="cbsnews">Cbsnews.com. "[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/03/25/world/main6331887.shtml Cbsnews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084342/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/03/25/world/main6331887.shtml |date=3 November 2012 }}." ''Little mermaid taking trip to China.'' Retrieved on 2010-01-23.</ref> Some observers criticized the [[Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office]]'s payment for the 9 Hong Kong [[Political Appointments System in Hong Kong|undersecretaries]] to inspect infrastructure projects and hold discussions on city-to-city cooperation.<ref>South China morning post. 4 September 2010. Political assistant's trip to mainland stirs scorn.</ref> Six legislators from the [[Pro-democracy camp in Hong Kong|pro-democracy camp]] boycotted an invitation to the expo by the Shanghai government because of the [[Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012|issue of political reform]] and the [[2010 Hong Kong by-election]].<ref name="scmp13">''South China Morning Post''.  13 April 2010.</ref> The Chinese government postponed the planned visit of 1,000 Japanese youths to the expo in September because of the [[2010 Senkaku boat collision incident]], which Japanese prime minister [[Naoto Kan]] called regrettable.<ref>South China morning post.  21 September 2010.  China pulls plug on Japanese youth tour.</ref>

State employees were given free one-day vouchers to the expo, and according to one worker, threatened with wage cuts, in order to fulfill the target of 70 million visitors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barboza |first=David |date=2010-11-02 |title=Shanghai Expo Sets Record With 73 Million Visitors |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/03/world/asia/03shanghai.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Long lines at the Germany pavilion caused visitors to shout "[[Nazi]], Nazi" and attack workers, according to general commissioner for Germany's pavilion Dietmar Schmitz.<ref>Deutschenachrichten.com. "[http://www.deutschenachrichten.com/2010/05/19/chinese-brawl-hurl-%E2%80%98nazi%E2%80%99-insults-at-germany%E2%80%99s-expo-pavilion/ Deutschenachrichten.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709015419/http://www.deutschenachrichten.com/2010/05/19/chinese-brawl-hurl-%E2%80%98nazi%E2%80%99-insults-at-germany%E2%80%99s-expo-pavilion/ |date=9 July 2011 }}." ''Chinese brawl, hurl Nazi insults at Germany's expo pavilion.'' Retrieved on 2010-01-23.</ref><ref>Chinese.rfi.fr. "[http://www.chinese.rfi.fr/中国/20100521-世博德国馆遭游客辱骂扬言要闭馆 Chinese.rfi.fr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608011933/http://www.chinese.rfi.fr/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20100521-%E4%B8%96%E5%8D%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%86%E9%81%AD%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2%E8%BE%B1%E9%AA%82%E6%89%AC%E8%A8%80%E8%A6%81%E9%97%AD%E9%A6%86 |date=8 June 2010 }}." ''世博德国馆遭游客辱骂扬言要闭馆 .'' Retrieved on 2010-01-23.</ref> Free tickets to an expo show featuring [[K-pop]] group [[Super Junior]] caused a stampede that injured 100 people, which spokespersons for the expo and the Korean pavilion allegedly denied.<ref name="stan1">The Standard HK. "[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=11&art_id=98876&sid=28433176&con_type=3&d_str=20100601&fc=2 The Standard.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629202802/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=11&art_id=98876&sid=28433176&con_type=3&d_str=20100601&fc=2 |date=29 June 2011 }}." ''Korean crush sparks ticket rethink at expo.'' Retrieved on 2010-01-23.</ref>

==See also==

*[[2008 Summer Olympics]]
*[[2008 Summer Paralympics]]
*[[2010 Asian Games]]
*[[2011 Summer Universiade]]
*[[Shanghai Expo Park]] & [[Shanghai New International Expo Center|New International Expo Center]]
*[[Urbanization in the People's Republic of China]]
*[[Tourism in China]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Expo 2010}}
*[http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/2010-shanghai Official website of the BIE]
* [http://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/official-journal/2016/etc/se4/p219.html European Patent Office]
*[http://www.archdaily.com/tag/shanghai-2010/ Archdaily Shanghai 2010 coverage] (details of projects)
*[http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/expo2010/ Xinhua News Agency's official coverage]
*[http://www.china.org.cn/travel/expo2010shanghai/node_7063201.htm Complete coverage of Shanghai Expo by China.org.cn]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100529154741/http://www.shanghaiworldsfair.com/ Shanghai World's Fair]
*[http://www.expomuseum.com/2010/ Expo 2010 on ExpoMuseum.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315060429/http://www.expomuseum.com/2010/ |date=15 March 2010 }}
*[http://www.studylove.org/worldsfairs10.html#2010 2010 Shanghai (BIE World Expo)] - approximately 240 links

{{Expo 2010}}
{{Shanghai}}
{{List of world exhibitions}}
{{List of world's fairs of East Asia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Expo 2010| ]]
[[Category:2010 festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:Foreign affairs in Shanghai]]
[[Category:Economy of Shanghai]]
[[Category:Organized events in Shanghai]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:World's fairs in China]]
[[Category:2010 in Shanghai]]