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{{Short description|European Union structural design standards}}
{{About|the series as a whole|the primary document forming the basis for all other Eurocodes|Eurocode: Basis of structural design}}{{Eurocodes}}
[[File:Eurocodes world map.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|{{Legend|#003377|Eurocodes used by CEN members (EU and EFTA members)|css=" title="color=#003377}}
{{Legend|#0055D4|Eurocodes used by CEN members (EU and EFTA non-members)|css=" title="color=#0055D4}}
{{Legend|#80B3FF|Eurocodes used by EU non-members or states in process of adoption|css=" title="color=#80B3FF}}
{{Legend|#AAEEFF|States interested in Eurocodes adoption|css=" title="color=#AAEEFF}}]]
[[File:Eurocodes Logo.svg|thumb|Logo of the eurocodes]]
The '''Eurocodes''' are the ten European standards (EN; harmonised technical rules) specifying how [[Structural engineering|structural design]] should be conducted within the [[European Union]] (EU). These were developed by the [[European Committee for Standardization]] upon the request of the [[European Commission]].<ref name="EN1990">EN 1990:2002 E, Eurocode - Basis of Structural Design, CEN, November 29, 2001</ref>

The purpose of the Eurocodes is to provide:<ref name="EN1990"/>
* a means to prove compliance with the requirements for mechanical strength and stability and safety in case of fire established by European Union law.<ref name="89-106-EEC">European Council Directive 89/106/EEC</ref>
* a basis for construction and engineering contract specifications.
* a framework for creating harmonized technical specifications for building products ([[CE mark]]).

By March 2010, the Eurocodes are mandatory for the specification of European public works and are intended to become the [[de facto standard]] for the private sector.  The Eurocodes therefore replace the existing national [[building code]]s  published by national standard bodies (e.g. [[BS 5950]]), although many countries had a period of co-existence.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= |date=2007-11-01 |title=Eurocodes: ready in 2008 - but are you? |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/eurocodes-ready-in-2008-but-are-you-01-11-2007/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |magazine=[[New Civil Engineer]] |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, each country is expected to issue a National Annex to the Eurocodes which will need referencing for a particular country (e.g. The UK National Annex). At present, take-up of Eurocodes is slow on private sector projects and existing national codes are still widely used by engineers.

The motto of the Eurocodes is ''"Building the future"''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/|title=Eurocodes Homepage &#124; Eurocodes|website=eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu}}</ref> The second generation of the Eurocodes (2G Eurocodes) is being prepared.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/showpage.php?id=63 | title=Eurocodes: Building the future - the European Commission website on the Eurocodes 63 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last= |first= |date=2018-10-23 |title=Insight {{!}} What could Brexit mean for Eurocodes? |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/insight-what-could-brexit-mean-for-eurocodes-23-10-2018/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |magazine=[[New Civil Engineer]] |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
In 1975, the [[European Commission|Commission of the European Community]] (presently the European Commission), decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was to eliminate technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the [[Member state of the European Union|member states]] of the [[European Union]] (EU) and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a steering committee with representatives of the member states, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.

In 1989, the Commission and the member states of the EU and the [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA) decided, on the basis of an agreement between the Commission and to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the [[European Committee for Standardization]] (CEN) through a series of mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council's Directives and/or Commission's Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. [[Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011]] on the marketing of construction products and Directive 2014/24/EU on [[government procurement in the European Union]]).

==List==
{{multiple image
|total_width=390 | perrow = 3
|width1= 1536|height1= 1152|image1=Bodträsk järnvägsstation.jpg
|width2= 1600|height2= 1200|image2=View Pont Pierre Pflimlin Piers II.jpg
|width3=1242|height3=884|image3=2005-01-07 - United Kingdom - England - London - Millennium Bridge and St. Paul's - Miscellenaeous 4887146343.jpg
|width4= 1008|height4= 702|image4=Composite Beam.jpg
|width5= 850|height5= 567|image5=Schwedenhaus 05.jpg
|width6= 800|height6= 533|image6=MhV Arcs.jpg
|width7= 3456|height7= 2304|image7=Spundwand.jpg
|width8= 1000|height8= 667|image8=1988 Spitak earthquake - Collapse of Floors, Leninakan, Armenia.tif
|width9= 5184|height9= 3456|image9=Unissons Structures Quebec City Summer Festival 3.jpg
|footer=Eurocodes 1 – 9 are organised thematically, here illustrated downwards from left to right: 1: snow load, 2: concrete bridge, 3: steel bridge, 4: composite, 5: timber house, 6: masonry, 7: [[Retaining wall|sheet pile wall]], 8: earthquake and 9: aluminium structure.
}}
The Eurocodes are published as a separate ''European Standards'', each having a number of parts. By 2002, ten sections have been 
developed and published:
* '''''[[Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design|Eurocode 0]]: Basis of [[structural design]]''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1990)</span>'''
* '''''[[Eurocode 1: Actions on structures|Eurocode 1]]: Actions on [[structure]]s''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-2)</span>
::Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-3)</span>
::Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-4)</span>
::Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-5)</span>
::Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-6)</span>
::Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental Actions{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-1-7)</span>
::Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-2)</span>
::Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-3)</span>
::Part 4 : Silos and tanks{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1991-4)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures|Eurocode 2]]: Design of concrete structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General rules, and rules for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-2)</span>
::Part 1-3: Precast Concrete Elements and Structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-3)</span>
::Part 1-4: Lightweight aggregate concrete with closed structure{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-4)</span>
::Part 1-5: Structures with unbonded and external prestressing tendons{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-5)</span>
::Part 1-6: Plain concrete structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-1-6)</span>
::Part 2: Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-2)</span>
::Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-3)</span>
::Part 4: Design of fastenings for use in concrete{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1992-4)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures|Eurocode 3]]: Design of [[steel]] structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-2)</span>
::Part 1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-3)</span>
::Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-4)</span>
::Part 1-5: Plated structural elements{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-5)</span>
::Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-6)</span>
::Part 1-7: General Rules - Supplementary rules for planar plated structural elements with out of plane loading{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-7)</span>
::Part 1-8: Design of joints{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-8)</span>
::Part 1-9: Fatigue{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-9)</span>
::Part 1-10: Material Toughness and through-thickness properties{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-10)</span>
::Part 1-11: Design of Structures with tension components{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-11)</span>
::Part 1-12: High Strength steels{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-1-12)</span>
::Part 2: Steel Bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-2)</span>
::Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-3-1)</span>
::Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-3-2)</span>
::Part 4-1: Silos{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-4-1)</span>
::Part 4-2: Tanks{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-4-2)</span>
::Part 4-3: Pipelines{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-4-3)</span>
::Part 5: Piling{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-5)</span>
::Part 6: Crane supporting structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1993-6)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures|Eurocode 4]]: Design of composite steel and concrete structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1994)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1994-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1994-1-2)</span>
::Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1994-2)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures|Eurocode 5]]: Design of [[timber]] structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1995)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1995-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: General – Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1995-1-2)</span>
::Part 2: Bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1995-2)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures|Eurocode 6]]: Design of [[masonry]] structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1996)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General – Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1996-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: General rules – Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1996-1-2)</span>
::Part 2: Design, selection of materials and execution of masonry{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1996-2)</span>
::Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1996-3)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design|Eurocode 7]]: [[Geotechnical]] design''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1997)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1: General rules{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1997-1)</span>
::Part 2: Ground investigation and testing{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1997-2)</span>
::Part 3: Design assisted by field testing{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1997-3)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance|Eurocode 8]]: Design of structures for [[earthquake]] resistance''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-1)</span>
::Part 2: Bridges{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-2)</span>
::Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-3)</span>
::Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-4)</span>
::Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-5)</span>
::Part 6: Towers, masts and chimneys{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1998-6)</span>
</div>
* '''''[[Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures|Eurocode 9]]: Design of [[aluminium]] structures''{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999)</span>'''
<div style="font-size:89%">
::Part 1-1: General structural rules{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999-1-1)</span>
::Part 1-2: Structural fire design{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999-1-2)</span>
::Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999-1-3)</span>
::Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999-1-4)</span>
::Part 1-5: Shell structures{{space|3}}<span style="color:gray">(EN 1999-1-5)</span>
</div>

Each of the codes (except EN 1990) is divided into a number of Parts covering specific aspects of the subject. In total there are 58 EN Eurocode parts distributed in the ten Eurocodes (EN 1990 – 1999).

All of the EN Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of buildings and other civil engineering structures and a Part 1-2 for fire design. The codes for concrete, steel, composite steel and concrete, and timber structures and earthquake resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges. These Parts 2 should be used in combination with the appropriate general Parts (Parts 1).

== See also ==
{{Portal|European Union|Engineering}}
* [[Geotechnical Engineering]]
* [[Limit state design]] (Load and Resistance Factor Design)
* [[List of EN standards]]
* [[Structural Engineering]]
* [[Structural robustness]]

===Previous national standards===
* [[BS 5950]]: British Standard on steel design, replaced by Eurocode 3 in March, 2010.
* [[BS 8110]]: British Standard on concrete design, replaced by Eurocode 2 in March, 2010.
* [[BS 6399]]: British Standard on loading for buildings, replaced by Eurocode 1 in March, 2010.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu  Eurocodes: Building the Future] - [[European Commission]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160603032311/https://law.resource.org/pub/eu/eurocode/ Eurocodes available in PDF and HTML format], without national annexes
* [https://archive.today/20130121144507/http://www.designtoeurocodes.com/forums/content.php?r=166-National-Annexes-Eurocodes 'National Annexes & Eurocodes'], European standards institutes and links to download national annexes.
{{List of EN standards|state=autocollapse}}
{{European Standards}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eurocodes| ]]
[[Category:Building codes]]
[[Category:Civil engineering]]
[[Category:EN standards]]