View source for EuroSprinter

{{short description|Family of electric locomotives}}
{{Infobox Locomotive
| name = Eurosprinter
| powertype = Electric
| image = OEBB 1016 LCD.jpg
| caption = [[ÖBB]] Class 1016 (ES 64 U) with EuroCity train
| builder = [[Krauss-Maffei]], [[Siemens AG|Siemens]]
| buildmodel = ES 64 F <br>ES 64 F4 <br>ES 64 U
| totalproduction = '''F:''' 170 <br> '''F4:''' 100+ <br> '''U:''' 360+
| builddate = '''F:''' 1996–2001 <br> '''F4:''' 2003–present <br> '''U:''' 2000–present
| aarwheels = B-B
| uicclass = Bo′Bo′
| maxspeed = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
 |'''U:'''
 |{{convert|230|km/h|abbr=on|0}}
 |'''F/F4:'''
 |{{convert|140|km/h|abbr=on|0}}
}}
| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}<br>{{track gauge|1668mm|lk=on}} (Portugal)
| length = {{convert|19.58|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|86|–|87|t|1|disp=br()}}
| electricsystem = {{ 25 kV 50 Hz}}, 15 kV AC, 3 kV DC
| collectionmethod = [[pantograph (transport)|Pantographs]]
| tractionmotors = Four
| poweroutput = {{convert|6400|kW|hp|abbr=on|lk=on|sigfig=3}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|300|kN|lbf|abbr=on|lk=on|sigfig=3}}
| safety = [[Sifa]], [[PZB]], [[ETCS]], [[LZB]], various
| transmission = Electric
| multipleworking = Yes
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]] and [[Regenerative brake#Electric railway vehicle operation|electric]]
| trainbrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]
}}
The '''EuroSprinter''' family of [[Electric locomotive|electric locomotives]] is a modular concept of locomotives for the European market built by [[Siemens Mobility]]. The internal Siemens product name is '''ES 64''', with '''ES''' for EuroSprinter and the number '''64''' indicating the 6,400&nbsp;kW power at rail.

Additional information is given in the name on the usage ('''U''' as universal, '''P''' as prototype and '''F''' as freight) and on the number of electric power systems supported (e. g. '''2''' as two types, '''4''' as all four systems<ref>[[1.5 kV DC]], [[3 kV DC]], [[15 kV AC]], and [[25 kV AC]]</ref> commonly used in Europe).

== Development ==
[[Image:ES_64_P_Ingolstadt_Hbf.jpg|thumb|left|Locomotive of Class 127 in Ingolstadt]]
The first prototype '''ES 64 P''' was built in 1992, as [[Deutsche Bahn AG]] was expected to issue a large order of locomotives as a replacement for the ageing [[Einheits-Elektrolokomotive]]n. The external appearance was similar to the earlier Siemens/Krauss-Maffei made dual voltage Spanish [[RENFE Class 252]], delivered in 1991, which in turn used three phase asynchronous drive technology introduced with the [[DB Class 120]].<ref>[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1404926&lang=1 Renfe S/252: Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818234906/http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1404926&lang=1 |date=2011-08-18 }} ''www.railcolor.net''</ref><ref>[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1404916&lang=1 EuroSprinter 1st generation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818223818/http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1404916&lang=1 |date=2011-08-18 }} ''www.railcolor.net''</ref> The prototype was used for extensive tests in some countries in Europe (Norway, Spain, Portugal, Germany).{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} The prototype was given the DB reporting name '''Class 127'''. It is still{{When|date=May 2018}} in service with ''[[Dispolok]]'',{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} a formerly Siemens-owned locomotive pool for on-hire use.
{{clear left}}

== Standard types ==

=== ES 64 F ===
[[Image:BR 152 Gaimersheim.jpg|left|thumb|[[Deutsche Bahn|DB AG]] Class 152]] The '''ES 64 F''' is an electric freight locomotive with {{convert|6,400|kW|hp|abbr=on}} power and a top speed of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Though it is equipped for passenger services, it is exclusively used for freight trains. It was introduced to [[Deutsche Bahn AG]] as '''Class 152''' in 1996 and today is operated by [[DB Schenker Rail]]. Its main role is to replace the older [[DB Class 150|Class 150]] and [[DB Class 151|Class 151]] locomotives on heavy freight trains. The original German order of 195 units was reduced to 170, as the [[ÖBB]] decided that the track forces generated as a result of using nose-suspended traction motors exceeded standards and refused to certify them for use in Austria. Instead, DB AG changed the remaining 25 locomotives to Siemens model '''ES 64 U2''' which were assigned as Class 182.

With Class 152 DB AG abandoned the CoCo wheel arrangement of the class 150 and 151; with the new digitally controlled [[Wheel slide protection|anti wheel-slip control]] the tractive effort should be brought to bear more reliably: nonetheless, some engine drivers argue that in autumn, due to greater power and lighter weight, especially with [[Slippery rail|slippery tracks]], heavy trains are hard to accelerate.

=== ES 64 F4 ===
[[Image:189 086 MIH.jpg|thumb|DB AG '''Class 189'''|left]]
[[File:12.05.13 Břeclav EU45-846 (8791998910).jpg|thumb|A [[PKP Cargo|PKP]] '''EU45''' at [[Břeclav]].]]

The '''ES 64 F4''' is an electric freight locomotive with {{convert|6,400|kW|hp|abbr=on}} power and a top speed of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, in Germany the reporting name is '''Class 189'''. It is also equipped for passenger service, but seldom used in that role. ES 64 F4 is equipped for all four electric systems commonly used in Europe ([[15 kV AC railway electrification|15]] and [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV AC]], 1.5 and 3 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]]). Because limited space inhibits installation of all safety systems, Class 189 is equipped with various packages giving partial European coverage, e. g. Germany and Switzerland. The braking system includes an electrical energy recovery system.

As well as being in service with Deutsche Bahn AG as Class 189, it is also utilized by [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB]] as '''Class Re 474''' and in service with PKP as class '''EU45'''. Some units are available to let from the ''[[Dispolok]]'' locomotive pool.

=== ES 64 U (Taurus)===
[[Image:DB 182 002.JPG|left|thumb|[[Deutsche Bahn|DB AG]] Class 182]]
[[File:Siemens locomotive class 183-603.JPG|thumb|[[PKP Intercity]] Class EU44]]
Based on the Eurosprinter concept the '''ES 64 U''' was developed as a universal electric locomotive with a top speed of {{convert|230|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The series '''ES 64 U''' is only capable of operating on the [[15 kV AC railway electrification|15 kV 16.7 Hz AC]] supply. It is in service in Austria with [[ÖBB]] as '''Class 1016'''. Unlike the F series, all U series are equipped with [[quill drive]] instead, thus reducing the track forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.vgtu.lt/upload/tif_zur/2008-2-lata.pdf|title=The modern wheelset drive system and possibilities of modelling with torsion dynamics. Michael Lata. (introduction explains the referenced principle)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319045040/http://www.transport.vgtu.lt/upload/tif_zur/2008-2-lata.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-19}}</ref> The ÖBB assigned the protected name '''Taurus''' to Class 1016 (and later to the Classes 1116 and 1216); since then all ES 64 U+ series are widely known as 'Taurus' locos.

The '''ES 64 U2''' can also operate on {{25 kV 50 Hz}}. It is operated by ÖBB as '''Class 1116''', by [[Deutsche Bahn]] AG as '''Class 182''' and as well as by [[Hungarian State Railways|MÁV]] as '''Class 470''' and as a hire locomotive from [[Dispolok]]. The Hungarian-Austrian company [[GySEV]] (Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurth Railway Corp) operates these units as '''Class 1047'''.

All four European electric systems can be used by the '''ES 64 U4'''. Its electric components are mostly identical to those of ES 64 F4. The four-system series (with the 1500 V capability disabled within the software) are currently used in Austria by ÖBB and the private operator [[Rail Traction Service]] as '''Class 1216''', in Slovenia by [[Slovenske železnice]] (SŽ) as '''Class 541''' and in Poland by [[PKP Intercity]] (PKP IC) as '''Class EU44 "Husarz"'''. In Italy RFI assigns it the classification '''E 190'''.<ref name ="bahnindustrie">{{cite web|url=http://www.bahnindustrie.at/upload/dokumente/176/Siemensinfo_Eurosprinter_Weltrekord.pdf|title=Siemens File on Record Run}}</ref>
[[File:ÖBB Taurus Start-Up.ogg|thumb]]
'''ES64 U''' and '''ES 64 U2''' locomotives have become notable for the musical-sounding notes, said to resemble an [[alto saxophone]], produced when a train is moving off. The sound comes from the traction converters (German: ''Stromrichter'')<ref>{{cite web |url=https://railcolornews.com/2017/09/05/at-download-now-that-typical-taurus-melody/ |title=That typical Taurus melody |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 September 2017 |website=railcolornews.com |publisher=Railcolor-Ziemon |access-date=18 August 2019 }}</ref> and its duration/speed is dependent on the selected acceleration. '''ES 64 U4''' locomotives do not produce this sound.

[[Image:FST Taurus.jpg|right|thumb|Driver's desk controls of ES 64 U2 of the [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB.]]]]
A version of the ES 64 U4 was delivered to the [[Vogtlandbahn]] of Germany with the designation '''Class 183'''. Although the body is the same as any other ES 64 U4 locomotive, it is dual supply and can only operate on the German 15&nbsp;kV 16.7&nbsp;Hz AC and the Czech 25&nbsp;kV 50&nbsp;Hz AC systems. Even though these locomotives are only equipped to operate under AC power supplies like the DB Class 182, they received a new class designation because they meet the revised EU Driver Protection Standards which required significant structural changes: these include the entrance doors, from one on each side nearer to the middle of the locomotive to two on each side directly into the locomotive cab.

On 2 September 2006 the locomotive 1216 025-5 (prior to delivery to ÖBB) set a new world record for conventional electric locomotives, when, during the trials near [[Nürnberg]], it reached a top speed of {{convert|357|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name ="bahnindustrie"/> The locomotive was not modified for the record. Since then, this type has become the fastest locomotive in the world.
[[File:Cp 4700 meday.jpg|thumb|[[Comboios de Portugal|CP]] 4700 at Porto-Campanhã ]]

== Derivatives ==

=== Portuguese CP Class 4700 ===
{{main|CP Class 4700}}
Also called EuroSprinter ES46B1 are rated at {{Convert|4700|kW|hp|abbr=}} ; these 25 engines use the new Siemens safety cab (later used on [[Siemens Vectron|Vectron]]). They are mostly used on freight trains.

=== Belgian SNCB/NMBS Class 18 ===
{{main|NMBS/SNCB Class 18 (Siemens)}}
[[File:SNCB Loc 1857 R01.jpg|thumb|A [[National Railway Company of Belgium|SNCB]] Class 18]]
Also called EuroSprinter ES60U3,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediarail.be/Belgique/Materiel_roulant/SNCB/Locomotives_electriques/18E/Tech.htm|title=SNCB série 18/19|website=mediarail.be|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818050532/http://mediarail.be/Belgique/Materiel_roulant/SNCB/Locomotives_electriques/18E/Tech.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> these 120 engines, also featuring the new Siemens safety cab are rated at {{Convert|6000|kW|hp|abbr=}} instead of 6,400 due to the heavier cab, the high-speed bogies ({{Convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=}}) and the multi-system equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405006#.XOPKdaJS9PY|title=Trains, Railways and Locomotives: Railcolor.net|website=www.railcolor.net|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107103049/https://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405006#.XOPKdaJS9PY|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are used by [[National Railway Company of Belgium|NMBS/SNCB]] on passenger trains only. 24 of them, forming Class 19, are used in fixed consists on [[Type M6 rail car|M6 rail cars]] with a GF automatic coupling in order to combine two sets together.

=== Danish Class EG ===
[[File:EG3103 Padborg.jpg|thumb|right|Class EG in the former [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] livery]]
For the newly built crossing of the [[Danish straits]] ([[Great Belt Fixed Link]]) the [[Danske Statsbaner]] ordered 13 units of the '''Class EG''' which were delivered from 1999 to 2000. Based on the Eurosprinter concept, the wheel arrangement was modified to Co'Co' in order to ensure maximum tractive effort on the ramps. The tractive effort with this class is {{convert|400|kN|lbf|abbr=on}} instead of the usual {{convert|300|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}, with an overall length of {{convert|20.95|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. This type is closest in design to a second generation ES 64 F2, capable of operating under 15 kV and 25 kV AC.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siemens.cz/extra/msv/cd/TS/Vozidla/Loko_EG_3100_2_Denmark_EN.pdf|title=Siemens Website|website=www.siemens.cz}}</ref>

=== Greek Class 120 ===
{{main|OSE class 120}}
[[File:20080513-335-Thessaloniki-120016.jpg|thumb|right|Greek ''HellasSprinter'' locomotive.]]
The [[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]] '''Class 120''' is the first electric locomotives in service in [[Greece]]. From 1996 to 2001 a total of 30 class 120 were delivered. The concept is mostly identical the '''ES 64 P''' prototype, with changes to the power ({{convert|5000|kW|hp|abbr=on|sigfig=2|disp=or}}) and the electric system (25 kV AC).

=== China Railways DJ1 ===
{{main|China Railways DJ1}}
[[File:DJ1-0003.jpg|thumb|right|DJ1-0003 on [[Datong–Qinhuangdao railway]]]]
The [[Chinese Ministry of Railways]] purchased 20 units of type DJ1 freight locomotives, in which the design is based on second generation of EuroSprinter platform, from a joint venture formed by Siemens and [[Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works]] in 1997. Each 8 axle 2(Bo'Bo') locomotive consists of two coupled single cab 4 axle units.

=== China Railways HXD1 ===
{{main|China Railways HXD1}}
[[File:HXD10151 20180210.jpg|thumb|right|HXD10151 on [[Datong–Qinhuangdao railway]]]]
Initially named DJ4, successor of the [[China Railways DJ1|DJ1]], with more powerful traction motors, higher traction effort and IGBT traction inverters. These locomotives were mainly used for running freight schedules of the [[Datong–Qinhuangdao railway|Daqin Railway]].

=== China Railways HXD1B ===
On August 18, 2007, Siemens and Zhuzhou won a contract from the Ministry of Railways to build 500 Co'Co' EuroSprinter-based locomotives, at the time of production the locomotives are amongst the most powerful in the world in commercial production with a power of {{convert|9.6|MW|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w1.siemens.com/press/en/pr_cc/2007/08_aug/tslm200708046_1458697.htm|title=Siemens wins locomotive order worth over 334 million euros|website=w1.siemens.com|access-date=2008-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212095939/http://w1.siemens.com/press/en/pr_cc/2007/08_aug/tslm200708046_1458697.htm|archive-date=2008-02-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Korail 8100, 8200 ===
[[File:KORAIL EL8100.jpg|thumb|right|Korail 8100 locomotive]]
[[File:Korail 8243.jpg|thumb|right|Korail 8200 locomotive]]
{{main|Korail Class 8200}}
Since 2000, Korea Railroad Corporation ([[Korail]]) has continuously built ES64Fs to replace older [[Korail Class 8000|class 8000 ELs]]. The Korail 8000 class electric locomotives are powerful but too slow ({{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}} maximum) to operate for general passenger train. Currently, 85 ES64F variants are built (2 of Class 8100 and 83 of Class 8200).

These new 8100s and 8200s are operating on major Korail lines, including [[Gyeongbu Line|Gyeongbu]], [[Honam Line|Honam]], and [[Jungang Line]].
{{Clear}}

=== Amtrak Cities Sprinter (ACS-64) ===
[[File:Northeast Regional 152 (12384830114).jpg|thumb|right|[[Siemens ACS-64|Amtrak ACS-64]]]]
{{Main|Siemens ACS-64{{!}}Amtrak Cities Sprinter}}
The [[Siemens ACS-64|ACS-64]] (Cities Sprinter) design is based on the EuroSprinter, but with substantial modifications to meet United States safety standards including crumple zones and an improved safety cage for the driver. It supports all three catenary voltages used in the northeast U.S. ([[Amtrak's 25 Hz Traction Power System]], [[Amtrak's 60 Hz Traction Power System]] & [[Electrification of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]]), which is the only region with substantial intercity electrification.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/amtrak-orders-siemens-200-kmh-cities-sprinter-locomotives.html
|access-date=2010-10-30
|title=Railway Gazette: Amtrak orders Siemens 200 km/h Cities Sprinter locomotives
}}</ref>

== Developments ==
{{main|Vectron (locomotive)}}
In 2010 Siemens announced a successor design, named 'Vectron' incorporating design features of both the Eurosprinter, and [[Eurorunner]] locomotives, initially available only in an electric version. The Eurosprinter design is to be continued to be offered by Siemens as well in the short term.<ref>[http://www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/events/industry/mobility/2010-06-vectron/Background_Siemens_Mobility_Vectron_EN.pdf The Vectron – Siemens’ new generation of locomotives for rail transportation in Europe] Press release , 29/6/2010 , ''www.siemens.com''</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
{{main|2023 Voorschoten train crash}}
On 4 April 2023, a DBAG Class 189 locomotive was hauling a freight train that collided with a [[road-rail vehicle|road-rail crane]] obstructing the line at {{rws|Voorschoten}}, [[South Holland]], Netherlands. The crane landed in the path of a passenger train operated by a [[NS VIRM]] unit. The passenger train was derailed. One person was killed and 30 were injured.<ref name=Telegraaf538986520>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/538986520/een-dode-en-meerdere-zwaargewonden-bij-treinongeluk-voorschoten |title=Een dode en meerdere zwaargewonden bij treinongeluk Voorschoten |trans-title=One dead and several seriously injured in Voorschoten train accident |publisher=De Telegraaf |language=Dutch |accessdate=4 April 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404063507/https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/538986520/een-dode-en-meerdere-zwaargewonden-bij-treinongeluk-voorschoten |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NOS13925>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Goederentrein botste eerst op kraan, NS-trein botste daarna op kraan of brokstukken |trans-title=Freight train first collided with crane, NS train then collided with crane or debris |url=https://nos.nl/collectie/13925/artikel/2470163-goederentrein-botste-eerst-op-kraan-ns-trein-botste-daarna-op-kraan-of-brokstukken |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=nos.nl |language=nl |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404180120/https://nos.nl/collectie/13925/artikel/2470163-goederentrein-botste-eerst-op-kraan-ns-trein-botste-daarna-op-kraan-of-brokstukken |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{commons category|Siemens EuroSprinter}}
*Contemporaries and potential competitors in the European electric locomotive market:
**[[Alstom Traxx|Alstom (Formerly Bombardier) TRAXX]]
**[[Škoda 109E]]
**[[Alstom Prima]]
**'Lok 2000' family of locomotives produced by ABB/Adtranz for Swiss ([[SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460]]), Norwegian ([[NSB El 18]]) and Finnish Railways ([[VR Class Sr2]])
*Contemporary Siemens locomotive products
**[[Eurorunner|Siemens Eurorunner]]
**[[Asiarunner|Siemens Asiarunner]]
**[[Siemens ACS-64]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book| first=Karl Gerhard| last=Baur| title=TAURUS - Lokomotiven für Europa| publisher=Eisenbahn-Kurier-Verlag| location=Freiburg| year=2003| isbn=978-3-88255-182-2}}
* {{cite book| first1=Bo Oldrup| last1=Pedersen| first2=Ole Aaboe| last2=Jörgensen| first3=Günther| last3=Pröll| title=Co'Co'-Zweifrequenzlokomotive EG 3100 für Danske Statsbaner| publisher=Oldenbourg| location=München}}
* {{cite journal| first=Markus| last=Inderst| title=Europalok auf Rampenstrecken. Neue DB-Baureihe 189| journal=Lok Magazin| issue=255| volume=41| year=2002| page=28| issn=0458-1822}}
* {{cite journal| first=Konrad| last=Koschinski| title=Taurus & Hercules - DB-182, ÖBB-1016/1116, MAV-1047.0, GySEV-1047.5, Siemens-Dispolok, ÖBB-2016. Sonderausgabe| journal=Eisenbahn Journal| date=January 2003| issn=0720-051X}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070809150400/http://www.transportation.siemens.com/ts/en/pub/products/lm/services/platforms/eurosprinter.htm Siemens Transportation Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180721125232/http://www.br146.de/ Drehstromloks.de - A comprehensive site about EuroSprinter and other Neubaulok series] ('''German''')
*[http://www.railcolor.net/ Railcolor.net - Another comprehensive site about EuroSprinter and other Neubaulok series]
*[http://www.siemens.cz/extra/msv/cd/TS/Vozidla/Loco_Rh1016_Rh1116_Austrian_EN.pdf Specification Sheet for the ES64U2]
*[http://trainspo.com/model/20/gallery/ High quality pictures of ES64F4 at Trainspo]
{{HŽ rolling stock}}
{{Rolling stock of Austria}}
{{Rolling stock of Denmark}}
{{Polish railways locomotives}}
{{German electric locomotives}}
{{Korail rolling stock}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eurosprinter}}
[[Category:Bo-Bo locomotives]]
[[Category:Siemens locomotives]]
[[Category:DSB (railway company) locomotives]]
[[Category:15 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:1500 V DC locomotives]]
[[Category:3000 V DC locomotives]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of Austria]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of Denmark]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of Germany]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of South Korea]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1996]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Austria]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of China]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Denmark]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Germany]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Greece]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of South Korea]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States]]