View source for Ernest Bethell

{{Short description|British journalist in Korea (1872–1909)}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Ernest Bethell
| image              = Ernest Bethell.png
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1872|11|3|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Bristol]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1909|5|1|1872|11|3|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Seoul]], [[Korean Empire]]<br/><small>(now in [[South Korea]])</small>
| nationality        = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]]
| other_names        = {{lang|ko-Latn|Bae Seol|italic=no}} ({{lang|ko|배설}}, {{lang|ko-Hani|裵說}})
| known_for          = 
| module             = {{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=배설
|hanja=裵說
|rr= Bae Seol
|mr=Pae Sŏl
|child=yes
}}
| occupation         = Journalist
}}

'''Ernest Thomas Bethell''' (3 November 1872 – 1 May 1909) was a British journalist. He founded a newspaper that advocated for [[Korean independence movement|Korean independence from Japan]], ''[[The Korea Daily News]].'' He is also known by his [[Korean name]] '''{{lang|ko-Latn|Bae Seol|italic=no}}''' ({{Korean|hangul=배설|hanja=裵說}}).

==Arrival in Korea==
In 1904, Ernest Bethell travelled from Kobe, Japan, where he had been in the export business, to Korea as a [[correspondent]] for the [[Daily Chronicle (United Kingdom)|''Daily Chronicle'']], with the purpose of reporting on the [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He then continued to stay in [[Korean Empire|Korea]] and reported on [[Japanese nationalism|Japanese imperialism]] in Korea. Bethell soon noted the abuses by Japanese soldiers towards Koreans, and how Koreans were treated unfairly and as inferior to the Japanese.

==''The Korea Daily News''==
{{Main article|The Korea Daily News}}
[[File:Daehan Maeil Shimpo.jpg|thumb|Korea Daily News - Front Page]]
He founded an early newspaper in [[Korea]] with [[Yang Gi-tak]], a Korean independence activist, in 1904 called ''[[The Korea Daily News]]'', which was published concurrently in Korean as ''Daehan Maeil Sinbo'' ({{Korean|hangul=대한매일신보|hanja=大韓每日申報|labels=no}}). The publication was strongly antagonistic to Japanese rule in Korea.<ref>[http://english.president.go.kr/warp/en/korea/society/media/index.html Press, Office of the President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310145932/http://english.president.go.kr/warp/en/korea/society/media/index.html|date=2007-03-10}} also cited by Nicole Cohen, ''Japanese Periodicals in Colonial Korea'', report on Japanese bibliography accessed on [[Columbia University]] NY website at [http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/BIB95/00korea_cohen.htm] July 27, 2006</ref> The paper was available in three versions – English, [[Korean language|Korean]], and [[Korean mixed script]]. Many people who opposed the Japanese rule, such as [[Park Eun-sik]] and [[Sin Chae-ho]], wrote articles and columns in the paper.

==Prosecution for sedition==
At the time, British subjects enjoyed [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial rights]] in Korea. Because the paper was published by a British subject, it was not subject to local law. However, in 1907, Bethell was prosecuted in the British [[consular court|Consular Court]] in Seoul for [[breach of the peace]] and given a [[Good conduct time|good behaviour bond of six months]].

The next year, at the request of the Japanese [[Resident (title)|Residency-General]], Bethell was prosecuted in the [[British Supreme Court for China and Japan|British Supreme Court for China and Corea]] (sic), sitting in Seoul, for [[sedition]] against the Japanese government of Korea. He was convicted of sedition and was sentenced by judge [[Frederick Samuel Augustus Bourne|F.S.A. Bourne]] to three weeks of imprisonment and a six-month good behaviour bond.<ref>North China Herald, 27 June 1908, p825</ref> As there was no suitable jail in Korea, he was taken to Shanghai aboard {{HMS|Clio|1903|6}} and detained at the British Consular Gaol in Shanghai.<ref>North China Herald, 27 June 1908, p841</ref>

==Death==
After being released, he returned to Seoul to continue his business. He died of [[cardiomegaly]] on 1 May 1909.

== Legacy ==
The Korean people erected a monument in his honour, though it was defaced by the Japanese. Another monument was erected near the original one in 1964 by journalists living in [[South Korea]].<ref>Clark, Donald N., comp and ed. ''The Seoul Foreigners' Cemetery at Yanghwajin: An Informal History with Notes on Other Cemeteries in Korea and Individuals and Families in the History of the Foreign Community in Korea.'' Seoul: Seoul Union Church, 1998</ref> Both can be now seen at his grave at [[Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery]].

In 1968, he was awarded the [[Order of Merit for National Foundation]] from the South Korean government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-29 |title=The journalist and missionary who defied Japan |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2008/06/29/features/The-journalist-and-missionary-who-defied-Japan/2891703.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2012 memorial service ===
On 8 May 2012, a special memorial service organised by the Bethell Commemoration Committee was held for Bethell at the [[Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery]]. Former South Korean Prime Minister [[Lee Soo-sung]] chaired the ceremony and President [[Lee Myung-bak]] sent flowers to mark the event. About 250 people participated in the ceremony, also including Park Yoo-chul, chairman of the Korea Liberation Association.
British Ambassador [[Scott Wightman|Scott Wrightman]] spoke at the ceremony, saying:<ref>{{Cite web|title=British journalist remembered in Seoul-프린트화면|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/common_prog/newsprint.php?ud=20120513000274&dt=2%7Caccess-date=2020-11-22|access-date=2020-11-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]}}</ref>

{{Quote|text=“This ceremony celebrates Ernest Bethell’s contribution to the history of modern Korea and his particular role in strengthening the bonds which bind our two countries ... Recent events in other parts of the world remind us that freedom of expression is not universal. It’s fitting therefore that we celebrate the role of people such as Ernest Bethell who highlighted the cruelty of imperialism, defended the rights of the marginalized and reaffirmed the basic rights of all to live in a free and just society.”|author=|title=|source=}}

==References==
<references />

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Joohyun Jade |title=Journalism behind Bars: Bethell's Anti-Japanese English-Korean Newspapers |journal=Victorian Periodicals Review |date=2018 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=86–120 |doi=10.1353/vpr.2018.0004|doi-access=free }}

==External links==
* [http://qr.yanghwajin.net/mandetail/?pid=3&cid=18 Yanghwajin Cemetery video about Bethell]
* Arirang documentary on Consul-General Cockburn and Bethell (2012):  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQDIioOgj28 Part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e9XsKAX-Dk  Part 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IWXnC8CrAw Part 3] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZeBgN_Ulv0 Part 4], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHrC8cpXjno Part 5], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFlfrb7E5Qg Part 6], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAslsw9B8o8 Part 7]
* [https://v.media.daum.net/v/20170123094137693?s=tv_news News story (in Korean) on Bethell's fight with the Japanese]
* {{FAG|75743915|Ernest Thomas Bethell}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bethel, Ernest}}
[[Category:British reporters and correspondents]]
[[Category:British war correspondents]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:British people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Foreign supporters of Korean independence]]
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Daily Mail journalists]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in South Korea]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Korea]]
[[Category:Seoul Shinmun]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit for National Foundation]]
[[Category:Burials at Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery]]