View source for Emmanuele de Gregorio

{{Short description|Catholic cardinal}}
{{Distinguish|Emanuele Di Gregorio}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|type                = Cardinal
|image               = Emanuele De Gregorio.jpg
|honorific_prefix    = [[His Eminence]]
|name                = Emmanuele de Gregorio
|title               = [[Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary]]
|church              = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|appointed           = 31 May 1829
|term_end            = 7 November 1839
|predecessor         = [[Pope Pius VIII|Francesco Saverio Castiglioni]]
|successor           = [[Castruccio Castracane degli Antelminelli]]
|other_post          = {{unbulleted list|[[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church|Commendatory Archimandrite of Santissimo Salvatore of the Italo-Albanese]] (1807–39)|[[Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio|Cardinal-Priest of Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio]] ''in commendum'' (1816–39)|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina]] (1837–39)|[[Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals]] (1837–39)|[[Camerlengo of the Sacred College|Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals]] (1838–39)}}
|consecration        = 31 May 1829
|consecrated_by      = [[Giulio Maria della Somaglia]]
|cardinal            = 8 March 1816
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Pius VII]]
|rank                = [[Cardinal-Priest]] (1816–29)<br>[[Cardinal-Bishop]] (1829–39)
|birth_name          = Emmanuele de Gregorio
|birth_date          = 18 December 1758
|birth_place         = [[Birth aboard aircraft and ships|at sea]] {{small|en route to [[Spain]]}}
|death_date          = {{Death date and age|df=y|1839|11|07|1758|12|18}}
|death_place         = [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
|buried              = San Giuseppe a Capo le Case
|parents             = Leopoldo de Gregorio<br>María Josefa Verdugo y Quijada
|previous_post       = {{unbulleted list|[[Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome|Archpriest of Santa Maria Maggiore]] (1780–1821)|[[Congregation of the Council|Prefect of the Congregation of the Council]] (1820–34)|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati]] (1829–37)}} }}

'''Emmanuele de Gregorio''' (18 December 1758 – 7 November 1839) was an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] and son of [[Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuele Cardinal de Gregorio [Catholic-Hierarchy] |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgreg.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>

==Biography==
De Gregorio was born at sea while his mother was traveling to [[Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of September 23, 1816 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1816.htm#Gregorio |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=cardinals.fiu.edu}}</ref> Although he had one other cardinal among his relatives, no other information about his early life survives. However, by age 22 in 1780 he had become archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica and in the following two decades became caught up in the controversy of the [[French Revolution]], being imprisoned in 1798 and kept in captivity between 1811 and 1814. He was deputy vicar of Rome for long periods from 1795 to 1818 as the actual vicar, [[Cardinal Giulio Maria della Somaglia]], was frequently absent. However, it is known that at one point the revolutionary government of France had planned to create him [[antipope]] in opposition to [[Pope Pius VI]] when the Pontiff condemned the French Revolution in 1791.

In 1816, [[Pope Pius VII]] made De Gregorio a cardinal and in the following decade he rose to be one of the most powerful men in the Church. In both the [[Papal conclave, 1829|1829]] and [[Papal conclave, 1830-1831|1830]] [[Papal conclave|conclave]]s, he was considered one of the  leading ''[[papabili]]'' but had too many opponents to be elected Pope.

He died in Rome in 1839.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG226775 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref>

==References==
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{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1816.htm#Gregorio Brief biography]

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:De Gregorio, Emmanuele}}
[[Category:1758 births]]
[[Category:1839 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati]]
[[Category:Members of the Sacred Congregation of the Council]]
[[Category:Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII]]
[[Category:People born at sea]]