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{{Short description|Town in West Yorkshire, England}}
{{distinguish|Eland (disambiguation){{!}}Eland}}
{{use British English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = {{coord|53.683|-1.840|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map              = United Kingdom Calderdale
| label_position           = left
| official_name            = Elland
| population               = 11,676
| population_ref           = (Ward at [[2011 Census for England and Wales|2011 census]])<ref name="NOMIS">{{NOMIS2011|id=1237321034|title=Elland Ward (as of 2011)|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
| metropolitan_borough     = [[Calderdale]]
| metropolitan_county      = [[West Yorkshire]]
| region                   = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[Calder Valley (UK Parliament constituency)|Calder Valley]]
| post_town                = ELLAND
| postcode_district        = HX5
| postcode_area            = HX
| dial_code                = 01422
| os_grid_reference        = SE106208
| static_image_name        = Elland.JPG
| static_image_caption     = A view of Elland
}}

'''Elland''' is a [[market town]] in [[Calderdale]], in the county of [[West Yorkshire]], England. It is situated south of [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], by the [[River Calder, West Yorkshire|River Calder]] and the [[Calder and Hebble Navigation]]. Elland was recorded as ''Elant'' in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086. It had a population of 14,554 at the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]],<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Urban Areas : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208210730/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls |date=8 February 2007 }} Retrieved 26 August 2009</ref> with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.<ref name="NOMIS"/>

==Etymology==
The name of Elland is attested in the 1086 [[Domesday Book]] as ''Elant''. The name comes from the [[Old English]] words ''ēa'' ('river') and ''land'' ('land'); the name relates to the settlement's location on the south bank of the Calder.<ref>[http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/wtw/search/controlservlet?PageId=Detail&DocId=100087 Calderdale.gov.uk]</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|first=Harry |last=Parkin |title=Your City's Place-Names: Leeds|publisher= English Place-Name Society |magazine=City-Names Series|series= 3 |location=Nottingham |year= 2017|page=44}}</ref>{{rp|44}}

==History==

[[File:Town Hall, Elland - geograph.org.uk - 1005458.jpg|thumb|left|[[Elland Town Hall]]]]
Elland retained continuity of tenure from before the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman Conquest]] into the [[Middle Ages]], as the Elland family were descended from [[Anglo-Saxon]] [[thegn]]s. The [[Manorialism|Manor]] of Elland, with [[Greetland]] and [[Southowram]], formed an [[exclave]] of the [[Honour of Pontefract]] in the surrounding Manor of [[Wakefield]]. In 1350 [[Sir John de Eland]] was murdered, as were his son and grandson in the following year, which extinguished the male line of the family and the manor passed to the Savile family. From this period, the [[manor house]] ceased to be the principal dwelling of a gentry family, as the Saviles had their seat at the moated manor of [[Thornhill, West Yorkshire|Thornhill]]. Elland manor house was never completely reconstructed and, when dismantled and excavated in 1975 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit, it was found to incorporate a 13th-century [[Solar (room)|solar wing]] – one of the earliest [[Secularity|secular]] buildings in the county. The manor house stood on a knoll aligned with the bridge over the [[River Calder, West Yorkshire|River Calder]] and was destroyed during the construction of Calderdale Way [[Bypass (road)|bypass]]. The farm buildings survive.

At the request of [[John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey]], [[Edward II]] granted a [[charter]], to John de Eland, for a [[free market]] on Tuesday at his Manor of Elland, and two [[fair]]s.

The town became a centre of wool production. The decline of the [[Textile manufacturing|woollen industry]] had a significant effect on the town and many mills were demolished or [[Mill conversion|converted]] to residences.

Durable [[flagstone]]s, Elland flags, were quarried near the town and after the canal was constructed, they could be transported economically all over the county.<ref name="dimensionstone7">{{cite web |url=http://www.englishstone.org.uk/documents/dimension%20stone%207.html |title= Coal Measure Sandstones (Westphalian) |publisher= English Stone Forum |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref><ref name="townguideElland">{{cite web |url=http://www.information-britain.co.uk/county97/townguideElland/ |title= A guide to Elland |publisher= Information Britain |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> Elland housed the main factory of the manufacturer of [[Gannex]] products<ref name="HistoricGannexfactory">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/20/martinwainwright |title= Historic Gannex factory may make for a supermarket |first= Martin |last=Wainwright |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 March 2002 |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> and is the home of the Dobsons sweet factory, which produces traditional [[List of candies#Hard candy|boiled sweets]]. Since 2001, Elland has been home to [[Suma (co-operative)|Suma Wholefoods]], the largest [[Worker cooperative|workers' co-operative]] in the United Kingdom.

==Governance==
Elland was historically a [[Township (England)|township]], with [[Greetland]], in the large ancient parish of Halifax.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/63 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, 1870–72, at Vision of Britain website]</ref> The township became a [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in 1866, but in 1894 Elland was separated from Greetland and became Elland Urban District (and civil parish). In 1937 Greetland and [[Stainland]] were added to the Urban District.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10002280/relationships Vision of Britain: Elland UD]</ref> In 1974 the urban district and civil parish were abolished and merged into Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.

== Landmarks ==
[[File:St Mary the Virgin, Elland - geograph.org.uk - 1573006.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Church of St Mary, Elland|church of St Mary the Virgin]] ]]
Buildings of interest include the [[Church of St Mary, Elland|parish church of St Mary the Virgin]], the former Rose and Crown Inn in Northgate, [[Elland Town Hall]], Southgate [[Methodism|Methodist Church]], the reputedly haunted Fleece Inn at the top of Westgate,<ref name="fleece_inn">{{cite web |url=http://www.gehs.org.uk/Local%20Stories/fleece_inn.htm |title= History of The Fleece Inn |publisher= Greater Elland Historical Society |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> the Rex Cinema and Waxman ceramics on Elland Lane. The remains of the [[medieval]] [[stocks]] can be found at the junction of Southgate and Elizabeth Street. The stocks, which are [[grade II listed]], date from the late 17th, or early 18th century.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Stocks in Garden on Side of Municipal Offices|num=1313974|grade=II|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

==Elland Power Station==
[[File:Former Elland Power Station - geograph.org.uk - 203659.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Elland Power Station in 1991]]
[[Elland Power Station]] was a [[Fossil-fuel power station|coal-fired power station]] by the River Calder.  It was decommissioned and closed in 1991, in keeping with the trend of generating power at fewer but larger power stations away from towns, and demolished in 1996.<ref>{{PastScape |num=1314424 |desc=Elland Power Station |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
The [[Calder and Hebble Navigation]] opened in the late-18th century to serve the growing [[Industrial Revolution|industrialisation]] of the Calder Valley. [[Elland railway station]] closed in 1962 but the line is still in use as a passenger service for the [[Caldervale Line]]. The station has been proposed for re-opening with direct services to {{rws|Leeds}}, [[Bradford Interchange|Bradford]], [[Halifax railway station (England)|Halifax]] and {{rws|Huddersfield}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirst |first1=Ian |title=Overwhelming support for £20m Elland train station as hundreds back plan |url=https://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/news/traffic-and-travel/overwhelming-support-ps20m-elland-train-station-hundreds-back-plan-85371 |access-date=14 May 2020 |work=Halifax Courier |date=8 March 2019 }}</ref>

As of March 2023 planning approval for the new station has been granted, with building work due to begin in 2024 and an estimated completion date of 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/news/people/its-fantastic-news-businesses-welcome-planning-go-ahead-for-elland-rail-station-4064972/|title=Elland Railway Station gets planning go-ahead – here's when it could be built by|work=Halifax Courier|access-date=16 March 2023}}</ref>

The [[A643 road]] begins in [[Leeds]] and ended in Elland. It passes [[Leeds United]]'s football ground, [[Elland Road]]. It now ends at junction 23 of the [[M62 motorway]]. The Elland bypass started construction on 23 February 1976 to finish by the end of August 1978, costing £8.5&nbsp;million, built by A.&nbsp;Monk.<ref>''Huddersfield Examiner'' Tuesday 18 January 1977, page 8</ref><ref>''Huddersfield Examiner'' Friday 11 August 1978, page 19</ref> The steel construction was by Braithwaites.<ref>''Retford Times Friday 14 January 1977, page 1</ref> It was opened at 11&nbsp;am on Wednesday 13 December 1978 by Tom Batty, the chairman of [[West Yorkshire County Council]].<ref>''Huddersfield Examiner'' Tuesday 12 December 1978, page 5</ref>

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC Yorkshire]] and [[ITV Yorkshire]]. Television signals are received from the [[Emley Moor transmitting station|Emley Moor]] and the local relay TV transmitters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Emley_Moor|title=Emley Moor (Kirklees, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=16 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Elland|title=Freeview Light on the Elland (Calderdale, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=16 November 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Leeds]], [[Heart Yorkshire]], [[Capital Yorkshire]], [[Hits Radio West Yorkshire]], [[Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire]], and [[Phoenix Radio]], a community based station.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoenixfm.co.uk/|title=Phoenix FM|access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref> 

The local newspapers are the ''Halifax Courier'', the ''[[Telegraph & Argus]]'' and the ''[[Huddersfield Daily Examiner]]''.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

==Notable people==
*[[Thomas Thornton (cricketer)|Thomas Thornton]] (1922–1987), first-class cricketer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/33/33304/First-Class_Matches.html |title=First-Class Matches played by Thomas Thornton |website=cricketarchive.com |access-date=14 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==See also==
* Ellands, a surname
* [[Elland (UK Parliament constituency)]]
* [[Listed buildings in Elland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{West Yorkshire|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Elland| ]]
[[Category:Towns in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Market towns in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of Calderdale]]
[[Category:Wards of Calderdale]]