View source for Eldiguzids

{{Short description|Turkic dynasty in Persia (1136–1225)}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Eldiguzids<br />Atabegs of Azerbaijan
| native_name            = {{lang|fa|اتابکان آذربایجان}}
| status                 = [[Atabeg]]ate
| year_start             = 1136
| year_end               = 1225
| p1                     = Seljuk Empire
| s1                     = Khwarazmian Empire
| s2                     = Kingdom of Georgia|<!-- Please do not put the flag-based succession box here: the successor states are far too numerous and none possess verifiable flags.-->
| event_start            = 
| event1                 = 
| date_event1            = 
| event_end              =
| event_post             = 
| date_post              = 
| image_flag             = <!-- The flag was not recorded. -->
| flag_type              = 
| image_coat             = 
| coa_size               = 
| symbol_type_article    = 
| symbol_type            = 
| image_map              = Map of the Eldiguzids in 1180 CE.png
| image_map_size         = 300
| image_map_caption      = Territory of the Eldiguzids in 1180 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boyle (Ed.) |first1=J. A. |title=The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods |date=1958 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9781139054973 |page=188, Map 4}}</ref>
| capital                = [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]]<br />[[Hamadan]]<br />[[Tabriz]]
| religion               = 
| common_languages       = [[Persian language|Persian]] (official, court literature){{sfn|Katouzian|2007|p=128}}{{sfn|de Bruijn|2019|p=105}}
| title_leader           = [[Atabeg]]
| leader1                = [[Eldiguz]]
| year_leader1           = 1136–1175
| leader2                = [[Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan|Muhammad]]
| year_leader2           = 1175–1186
| leader3                = [[Qizil Arslan]]
| year_leader3           = 1186–1191
| leader4                = [[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr]]
| year_leader4           = 1191–1210
| leader5                = [[Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek]]
| year_leader5           = 1210–1225
| stat_year1             = 
| stat_area1             = 
| common_name            = 
| demonym                = 
}}
[[File:Europe mediterranean 1190.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of medieval Europe in 1190 showing the territory of Eldiguzids in the lower right corner]]

[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art qur 0087 fol 26b-27a.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Double-page from the Qur'an dedicated to Abu’l-Qasim Harun ibn 'Ali ibn Zafar, the vizier of [[Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek|Özbeg]] (r 1210–1225), last ruler of Eldiguzids. [[Khalili Collection of Islamic Art]]]]

The '''Ildegizids''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |editor=Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb |year=1994 |publisher=Brill |page=554 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJPrAAAAMAAJ |volume=10 }}</ref> '''Eldiguzids'''<ref name="BoswrthEIs">C.E. Bosworth, "Ildenizids or Eldiguzids", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Edited by P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs et al., Encyclopædia of Islam, 2nd Edition., 12 vols. with indexes, etc., Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–2005.  Vol 3. pp 1110-111.  Excerpt 1: "Ildenizids or Eldiguzids, a line of Atabegs of Turkish slave commanders who governed most of northwestern Persia, including Arran, most of Azarbaijan, and Djibal, during the second half of the 6th/12th century and the early decades of the 7th/13th century".  Excerpt 2: "The Turkish Ildenizids shared to the full in the Perso-Islamic civilization"</ref><ref name="Bosworth">{{cite book |title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |year=1996 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=0-231-10714-5 |pages=199–200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2O_BQs6Sro0C&pg=PA199 |quote=''pp 199-200(Eldiguizds or Ildegizds): "The Elgiguzids or Ildegizds were a Turkish Atabeg dynasty who controlled most of Azerbaijan(apart from the region of Maragha held by another Atabeg line, the Ahamadilis), Arran and northern Jibal during the second half the twelfth century when the Great Seljuq Sultane of Western Persia and Iraq was in full decay and unable to prevent the growth of virtually independent powers in the province", pp 199-200: "Eldiguz (Arabic-Persian sources write 'y.l.d.k.z) was originally a Qipchaq military slave", pp199-200: "The historical significance of these Atabegs thus lies in their firm control over most of north-western Persia during the later Seljuq period and also their role in Transcaucasia as champions of Islamagainst the resurgent Bagtarid Kings". pp 199: "In their last phase, the Eldiguzids were once more local rulers in Azerbaijan and eastern Transcaucasia, hard pressed by the aggressive Georgians, and they did not survive the troubled decades of the thirteenth century".''}}</ref> or '''Ildenizids''', also known as '''Atabegs of Azerbaijan'''<ref>{{cite book |title=The expansion of Islam in the middle periods Volume 1 |last=Hodgson |first=Marshall G.S. |year=1977 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-34684-6 |page=262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzJeEKoZPhUC&pg=PA262 }}</ref><ref name="iranica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-adarbayjan |title=Atabakan-e Ādarbayjan |author=Luther, K.A. |date=December 15, 1987 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica |access-date=October 28, 2010}}</ref> ({{lang|fa|اتابکان آذربایجان}} ''Atabakan-e Āzarbayjan)'' were an [[Atabeg]]ate of the [[Seljuk Empire]], and a [[Sunni Muslim]] [[Turkic people|Turkic]]<ref name="Bosworth"/> dynasty<ref name="Britannica">Britannica. Article: [http://www.britannica.com/topic/Eldeguzid-dynasty Eldegüzid dynasty]: <blockquote>Eldegüzid dynasty, also spelled Ildigüzid, Ildegüzid, Ildegizid, or Ildenizid, (1137–1225), Iranian atabeg dynasty of Turkish origin that ruled in Azerbaijan and Arrān (areas now in Iran and Azerbaijan).</blockquote></ref> (started by [[Eldiguz]] of [[Kipchak people|Kipchak]]<ref name="Bosworth"/> origin), which controlled most of northwestern Persia,<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/> eastern [[Transcaucasia]], including<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/> [[Arran (Caucasus)|Arran]],<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/><ref name="Bosworth"/><ref name="iranica"/> most of [[Iranian Azerbaijan]],<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/><ref name="Bosworth"/><ref name="iranica"/> and [[Persian Iraq|Jibal]].<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/><ref name="Bosworth"/><ref name="iranica"/> At their maximum extent, the territory under their control, roughly corresponds to most of north-western [[Iran]], most of the regions of modern [[Azerbaijan]] and smaller portions in modern [[Armenia]] (southern part), Turkey (northeastern part) and [[Iraq]] (eastern part). Down to the death in war 1194 of Toghril b. Arslan, last of the Great Seljuq rulers of Iraq and Persia, the Ildenizids ruled as theoretical subordinates of the Sultans, acknowledging this dependence on their coins almost down to the end of the Seljuqs.<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/> Thereafter, they were in effect an independent dynasty, until the westward expansion of the Mongols and the [[Khwārazmian dynasty|Khwarazm-Shahs]] weakened and then brought the line to its close.<ref name="BoswrthEIs"/>

[[Atabeg]] (literally "father-lord" in Turkic) was the title conferred upon the Turkic officers who served as guardians of minor [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq]] rulers.<ref name="hodgson260">Hodgson, Marshall G.S. ''The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization'', University of Chicago Press, 1974, {{ISBN|0-226-47693-6}}, p. 260</ref> In the political circumstances of the time, Atabegs were not only tutors and vice-regents of their princes, but also de facto rulers.<ref name="hodgson260" /> At the height of Eldiguzid power, their territory stretched from [[Isfahan]] in the south to the borders of [[Kingdom of Georgia]] and [[Shirvan]] in the north. However, closer to the end of their reign amidst continuous conflicts with the [[Kingdom of Georgia]], the Eldiguzid territory shrank to include only Azerbaijan and eastern Transcaucasia.<ref name="Bosworth"/>

The historical significance of the Atabeg of Azerbaijan lies in their firm control over north-western Persia during the later Seljuq period and also their role in Transcaucasia as champions of Islam against the [[Bagrationi dynasty|Bagratids of Georgia]].<ref name="Bosworth"/>

== Shams ad-Din Eldiguz ==
In 1136, Sultan [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud]] ({{Circa|1134–1152}}) appointed [[Eldiguz|Shams ad-Din Eldiguz]] ({{Circa|1135/36–1175|lk=no}}) to be an atabeg of Arslan-Shah,<ref name="iranica" /> the juvenile successor of the throne and transferred Azerbaijan to his possession as [[iqta|''iqta'']]. Eldegiz chose [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]] as his residence, and attracted the local emirs to his camp.

He made himself virtually independent ruler of Azerbaijan by 1146. His marriage with the widow of Sultan [[Toghrul II]] (1132–1133; Masud's brother and predecessor) afforded him to intervene in the dynastic strife which erupted upon Mas'ud's death in 1152. He succeeded, in 1160, in deposing [[Suleiman-Shah]] and installing his stepson [[Arslan-Shah]] ({{Circa}}1160–1175) as a Sultan. Conferred with the rank of [[Atabeg]], Eldiguz now became a chief protector of the Sultan's authority.<ref name="hodgson260" />

The word ''azam'' (meaning "great" in [[Arabic]]) was added to his title and he was also known as ''Atabek-e Azam''. All of the state's subsequent rulers used to hold this title. During his reign, Eldiguz could subdue a spacious territory between the Caucasus and Persian Gulf. The territory belonging to him stretched from the gate of Tbilisi up to [[Makran]].{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} He had possessed [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Iranian Azerbaijan]], [[Arran (Caucasus)|Arran]], [[Shirvan]], [[Jibal]], [[Hamadan]], [[Gilan province|Gilan]],{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]],{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} [[Isfahan]] and [[Rey, Iran|Rey]]. The Atabegs of [[Mosul]], [[Kerman]] and [[Fars province|Fars]] as well as the feudals of Shirvan, [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]], [[Ahlat]], [[Erzurum|Arzan-ar-Rum]] and [[Maragheh|Maragha]] became his liegemen.

=== Campaigns against Georgia ===
[[Kingdom of Georgia]], whose army was additionally strengthened by the [[Kipchaks in Georgia|Kipchak]] mercenaries, became the strongest rival of the [[Eldiguz|Shams al-Din Eldiguz]]. In 1138, Georgian king [[Demetrius I of Georgia|Demetrius I]], attacked the earthquake-ridden city of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]].<ref>Note: Ganja suffered a severe earthquake on 11 October 1138. Earthquakes between 1137 and 1139 in the region left an estimated 230,00 dead. {{Cite book|last=Kehew |first=Alan E. |year=2021 |chapter=Table 8.4 Deadliest Earthquakes |title=Geology for Engineers and Environmental Scientists |edition=Fourth |location=Long Grove, Illinois |publisher=Waveland Press |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7FJPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 303] |isbn=978-1-4786-3765-3 }}</ref> While leaving the city, his troops carried off the well-known [[Ancient Gates of Ganja|gate of Ganja]] as their trophy, which up to this date remains on display at the [[Gelati Monastery|Gelati monastery]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blair |first=Sheila |year=1992 |title=The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana |series=Volume 5 of Studies in Islamic art and architecture |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4U0fCVfM8q8C&pg=PA133 133] |isbn=978-90-04-09367-6 }}</ref> From 1161 onwards Georgians began to make plundering raids and outright conquests on [[Ani]], [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]], Ganja, Nakhchivan and other regions controlled by Atabegs.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |year=2019 |title=Georgia |editor-last1=Tucker |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first2=Priscilla Mary |encyclopedia=Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An encyclopedia and document collection |volume=2 |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KanOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT935 935] |isbn=978-1-4408-5355-5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dédéyan |first1=G. |last2=Zekiyan |first2=Boghos Levon |last3=Arslan |first3=Antonia |year=2002 |title=Storia Degli Armeni |language=it |location=Milan |publisher=Guerini e Associati |pages=235–268 |isbn=978 88-8335-281-2 }}</ref>

Eldiguz formed a coalition with other Seljuqids in the beginning of the 1160s to fight against the Georgians, and in 1163 the allies inflicted a defeat on king [[George III of Georgia]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} The Seljuqid rulers were jubilant, and they prepared for a new campaign. However, this time they were forestalled by George III, who marched into [[Arran (Caucasus)|Arran]] at the beginning of 1166, occupied a region extending to faraway cities as Nakhchivan and Beylagan, devastated the land and returned with prisoners and booty. There seemed to be no end to the war between George III and atabeg Eldiguz. But the belligerents were exhausted to such an extent that Eldiguz proposed an [[armistice]]. George had no alternative but to make concessions. Eldiguz restored Ani to its former rulers, the [[Shaddadids]], who became his vassals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

In 1173, Atabeg Eldiguz began another campaign against Georgia but he was defeated.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Atabeg's troops retreated and Eldiguz died in 1174 in Nakhchivan.

== Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan ==
[[File:Momine Hatoon Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|left|[[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]] was commissioned by Eldiguzid Atabeg Jahan Pahlawan in honor of his mother, Mu'mine Khatun]]
After the death of Shams al-Din Eldiguz, in 1175, the Seljuq Sultan Arslan Shah tried to escape from the yoke of the Grand Atabeg of Azerbaijan but failed, and was poisoned to death by Shams ad-Din's son, the new Grand Atabeg [[Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan]] ({{Circa}}1174–1186).<ref>Antoine Constant. ''L'Azerbaïdjan'', Karthala Editions, 2002, {{ISBN|2-84586-144-3}}, p. 96</ref> Pahlavan transferred his capital from [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] to [[Hamadan]] in western Iran, and made his younger brother, [[Qizil Arslan|Qizil Arslan Uthman]], the ruler of Azerbaijan. In 1174, Qizil Arslan captured [[Tabriz]], which subsequently became his capital.<ref>Houtsma, M. T. ''E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936'', BRILL, 1987, {{ISBN|90-04-08265-4}}, p. 1053</ref>

Jahan Pahlavan suppressed all rebellious emirs and appointed faithful mamluks to key positions. He apportioned each of them any region or town as [[Iqta'|Iqta]]. The twelve years of his rule are considered the most peaceful period of the state's existence. Under his reign the central power was strengthened and no foreign enemy invaded the territory belonging to the Atabegs. Friendly relations with [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazm Shahs]], the rulers of Central Asia, were founded. All those facts had positive influence on the development of science, handicraft, trade and arts.

== Qizil Arslan ==
[[File:King Qizil Arslan Welcomes the Poet Nizami.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|King [[Qizil Arslan]] welcomes the poet Nizami.]]
After Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan's death his brother [[Qizil Arslan]] ({{Circa}}1186–1191) ascended the throne. He continued his successful struggle against the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuq rulers]]. At the same time the central power began to get weaker as mamluks who had strengthened their power in their allotments did not want to obey the Sultan. Even [[Shirvanshah]] [[Akhsitan I]] who used to be Atabegs' liegeman attempted to intervene the interior affairs of the Eldiguzids and opposed [[Qizil Arslan]]s aspiration to the throne. In the response to this, Qizil Arslan invaded Shirvan in 1191, reached to Derbent and subordinated the whole Shirvan to his authority. In 1191 [[Toghrul III]], the last Seljuq ruler was overthrown by Qizil Arslan. Then, by [[Caliphate|Khalif]]'s leave, he proclaimed himself a Sultan.

The same year Qizil Arslan, who had become the sole ruler of the [[Seljuk Empire|Great Seljuq Empire]], was assassinated. The power was divided among his three sons: [[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]], [[Qutluq Inandj]] and [[Amir Mihran]]. Abu Bakr governed Azerbaijan and Arran, and his brothers were the rulers of Khorasan and several neighboring regions. Soon, these three successors began to fight for the throne. Victorious in power struggle, Abu Bakr ''"Jahan-pahlavan"'' ({{Circa}} 1195–1210) had his elder brother Qutluq Inandj assassinated and forced the younger brother, Amir Mihran, to take refuge at the court of the latter's brother-in-law, Shirvanshah [[Akhsitan I]] ({{Circa}}1160-1196). The Shirvanshah together with Amir Mihran headed for [[Tbilisi]], the capital of [[Kingdom of Georgia]], and appealed for help to Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]], an official [[Protector (title)|protector]] of [[Shirvan]]. Received with great honors at the Georgian court, they were given desired support, and the Georgian army led by Consort [[David Soslan]] marched to Shirvan.

[[File:Medieval azerbaijani helmet 4.JPG|thumb|upright|Helmet related to the period of Eldiguzids. [[Museum of Art of Azerbaijan]], [[Baku]]|alt=]]
The Eldiguzid atabeg [[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]] attempted to stem the Georgian advance, but suffered a defeat at the hands of David Soslan at the [[Battle of Shamkor]]<ref name="Suny-39">{{harvnb|Suny|1994|p=39}}.</ref> and lost his capital to a Georgian [[Mentorship|protégé]] in 1195. Although Abu Bakr was able to resume his reign a year later, the Eldiguzids were only barely able to contain further Georgian forays.<ref>Luther, Kenneth Allin. "[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-adarbayjan Atābākan-e Adārbāyĵān]", in: ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'' (Online edition). Retrieved on 2006-06-26.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lordkipanidze|Hewitt|1987|p=148}}.</ref> The State's defense capability was stricken. Khorezmshahs' and Georgians' non-stopping forays aggravated the situation in the country and speeded up its decay.

In 1209, the Georgian army [[Georgian expedition to Iran|laid waste]] to [[Ardabil]] – according to the Georgian and Armenian annals – as a revenge for the local Muslim ruler's attack on Ani and his massacre of the city's Christian population.<ref name="Lordkipanidze-1542">{{harvnb|Lordkipanidze|Hewitt|1987|p=154}}.</ref> In a great final burst, the Georgian army led an army through [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] and [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)|Julfa]], to [[Marand]], [[Tabriz]], and [[Qazvin]] in northwest [[Iran]], pillaging several settlements on their way.<ref name="Lordkipanidze-1542" />

== Uzbek ==
After the death of Qizil Arslan, the power was divided among Jahan Pahlavan's sons, however, soon they started to fight for the throne. Abu Bakr came to the fortress of Alinja. The fortress, along with all the treasures, was at the disposal of Jahan Pahlavan's other widow, Zahida Khatun. Abu Bakr captures the fortress and the treasury. Qizil Arslan's nephews began to rule independently, and one of the Mamluks of Jahan Pahlavan, Mahmud Anas Oglu,freed Toghrul III from his prison and regains the sultanate throne in May 1192. However, soon after, in 1194, after a long war with the Khwarazm Shahs, Sultan Togrul III was defeated and the existence of the Iraqi Seljuk Sultanate came to an end.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Britannica" />

After defeated by Abu Bakr, Amir Amiran Omar went to gain a support from Shirvanshah Akhsitan I and Georgian Tsarina Tamar. In 1194, the united Georgian-Shirvan and Amir Amiran Omar's troops defeated Abu Bakr in the battles of Shamkir and Beylagan. Later, the Georgians trying to capture Ganja, temporarily occupied it, but soon Abu Bakr's troops drove the Georgians out of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]].<ref name="Britannica" /> This process was speeded up during the reign of Atabeg Uzbek ({{Circa}}1210–1225), who was enthroned after Abu Bakr's death. During his reign, the country was attacked by Mongols and Georgians.<ref name="Britannica" /> In that period, Armenian prince Hasan-Jalal Dawla (founder of [[House of Hasan-Jalalyan]] cadet branch of [[Siunia dynasty]]<ref>Robert H. Hewsen. The Geography of Ananias of Širak: Ašxarhacʻoycʻ, the Long and the Short Recensions. – Reichert, 1992. – P. 194.</ref>) ({{Circa}}1215–1262) began his separatist activities, a fact which shook the fundamentals of the weakened State{{Citation needed|reason=not the fact that they obeyed this dynasty |date=August 2019}}. In 1225, Khwarazm Shah Jalal-ad-din dethroned the Ildegizid Uzbek Muzaffar al-Din and set himself up in the capital of [[Tabriz]] on the 25 of July in 1225.<ref name="Britannica" />

== List of Eldiguzid atabegs ==
#[[Ildeniz|Eldigüz]] (ca. 1135 or 1136-1174 or 1175)
#[[Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan]], son of Eldigüz (1174 or 1175–1186)
#[[Qizil Arslan]], son of Eldigüz (1186–1191)
#[[Qutluq Inandj]], stepson of Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan (1191)
#[[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr]], son of Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan (1191–1210)
#[[Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek]], son of Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan (1210–1225)

==Genealogy of House of Ildiguz==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|House of Ildiguz}}
{|- valign=top
| colspan=100% style="text-align:left" |
{{Color sample|border=#060FAB|#white; border-width:2px}} Atabegs of Azerbaijan
|}
{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:90%}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''[[Eldiguz|Ildiguz]]''' <br>{{r.|1136|1175}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#060FAB
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | A02 | |
|A01='''[[Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan|Muhammad]]''' <br>{{r.|1175|1186}}
|A02='''[[Qizil Arslan|Qizil-Arslan I]]''' <br>{{r.|1186|1191}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#060FAB
|boxstyle_ A02 =border-color:#060FAB
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | |
|A01='''Qutluq-Inanch''' <br>{{r.|1191|1191}}
|A02='''[[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr]]''' <br>{{r.|1191|1210}}
|A03='''[[Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek|Öz-Beg]]''' <br>{{r.|1210|1225}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#060FAB
|boxstyle_ A02 =border-color:#060FAB
|boxstyle_ A03 =border-color:#060FAB
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | A01 | |
|A01='''Qizil-Arslan II''' <br>{{r.|1225|1225}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#060FAB
}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
{{Chart bottom}}

== See also ==
{{History of Azerbaijan}}
{{History of Iran}}
*[[Ibn Khosrov al-Ustad]]
*[[Turkic peoples]]
*[[Timeline of Turks (500-1300)]]


== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book|last=de Bruijn|first=J. T. P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1jvDwAAQBAJ|date=2019|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|isbn=978-1788318242|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|pages=102–161|title=Persian Lyric Poetry in the Classical Era, 800-1500: Ghazals, Panegyrics and Quatrains: A History of Persian Literature Vol. II|chapter=The qaside after the fall of the Ghaznavids 1100–1500 CE}}
* {{cite book |last=Katouzian|first=Homa|authorlink=Homa Katouzian|title=Iranian History and Politics: The Dialectic of State and Society |publisher=Routledge|year=2007 |isbn=978-0415297547}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lordkipanidze|first1=Mariam Davydovna|last2=Hewitt|first2=George B.|year=1987|title=Georgia in the XI–XII Centuries|location=Tbilisi|publisher=Ganatleba Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hYdAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|author-link=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=1994 |edition=2nd |isbn=0-253-20915-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-adarbayjan Encyclopædia Iranica, "Atabakan-e Adarbayjan", Saljuq rulers of Azerbaijan, 12th–13th, Luther, K.]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=jmMpaJZemk0C&q=the+history+of+the+Seljuk+Turks+Rashid+al-Did+bosworth ''The history of Seljuq Turks from the Jami 'Al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq Nama of Zahir al-din Nishapuri''. trans. and annoated by K. Allin Luther, e.d. by C.E. Bosworth (London, Curzon Press, 2001).]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=2O_BQs6Sro0C&dq=The+historical+significance+of+these+Atabegs+thus+lies+in+their+firm+control+over+most+of+north-western+Persia&pg=PA199 Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996. pp 199-200]

{{Turkic topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eldiguzids}}
[[Category:Eldiguzids| ]]
[[Category:12th century in Armenia]]
[[Category:13th century in Armenia]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Iran]]
[[Category:12th century in Iran]]
[[Category:13th century in Iran]]