View source for Eight-circuit model of consciousness

{{short description|Philosophical concept by Timothy Leary}}
{{About|Timothy Leary's model of consciousness|other models of consciousness|Models of consciousness}}
{{use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}

The '''eight-circuit model of consciousness''' is a [[Holism|holistic model]] originally presented as psychological philosophy (abbreviated "psy-phi"{{sfn|Davis|2019|p=251}}) by [[Timothy Leary]] in books including ''[[Neurologic (book)|Neurologic]]'' (1973) and ''Exo-Psychology'' (1977), later expanded on by [[Robert Anton Wilson]] in his books ''[[Cosmic Trigger]]'' (1977){{sfn|Wilson|1977b}} and ''[[Prometheus Rising]]'' (1983), and by [[Antero Alli]] in his books ''Angel Tech'' (1985) and ''The Eight-Circuit Brain'' (2009), that suggests "eight periods [circuits]" within the model.{{sfn|Leary|1994|loc=p. xii}} The eight circuits, or eight systems or "brains", as referred by other authors, operate within the [[human nervous system]]. Each corresponds to its own [[imprinting (psychology)|imprint]] and subjective experience of reality.{{sfnm|1a1=Leary|1y=1977|2a1=Wilson|2y=1977|3a1=Wilson|3y=1992|4a1=Alli|4y=2008}} Leary and Alli include three stages for each circuit, detailing developmental points for each level of consciousness.{{sfnm|1a1=Leary|1a2=Wilson|1y=1993|1p=48|2a1=Leary|2y=1994|2p=16|3a1=Alli|3y=2009|3p=42}}

The model lacks scientific credibility and has largely been ignored in academia.<ref group=n name="Kaiser1" /><ref group=n name="Higgs" />

==Background==
At the end of 1967, Leary moved from the sprawling 64-room mansion on the [[Hitchcock Estate]] in [[Millbrook, New York]], where he and others had engaged in psychedelic research sessions, to [[Laguna Beach, California]], and made many friends in Hollywood. "When he married his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff, in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of ''[[Bonanza]]''. All the guests were on acid."{{sfn|Mansnerus|1995}}

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary formulated what became his eight-circuit model of consciousness in collaboration with writer [[Brian Barritt]]. The essay "The Seven Tongues of God" claimed that human brains have seven circuits producing seven levels of consciousness. This later became seven circuits in Leary's 1973 monograph ''[[Neurologic (book)|Neurologic]]'', which he wrote while he was in prison. The eight-circuit idea was not exhaustively formulated until the publication of ''Exo-Psychology'' by Leary and [[Robert Anton Wilson]]'s ''[[Cosmic Trigger]]'' in 1977. Wilson contributed to the model after befriending Leary in the early 1970s, and used it as a framework for further exposition in his book ''[[Prometheus Rising]]'', among other works.<ref group=n>{{harvnb|Wilson|1992|p=6}}: "The eight-circuit model of consciousness in this book and much of its future-vision derive from the writings of Dr. Timothy Leary, whose letters and conversations have also influenced many other ideas herein."</ref>

==Overview==
Of the eight circuits in this model of consciousness, the first four circuits concern themselves with life on [[Earth]], and the survival of the human species. The last four circuits are post-terrestrial, and concern themselves with the evolution of the human species as represented by so-called [[Altered state of consciousness|altered states of consciousness]], [[Enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightenment]], [[Mysticism|mystical]] experiences, [[psychedelic experience|psychedelic]] states of mind, and [[psychic]] abilities. The proposal suggests that these altered states of consciousness are recently realized, but not widely utilized. Leary described the first four as "larval circuits", necessary for surviving and functioning in a terrestrial human society, and proposed that the post terrestrial circuits will be useful for future humans who, through a predetermined script, continue to act on their urge to migrate to outer space and live extra-terrestrially.{{sfn|Wilson|1977|p=204}} Leary, Wilson, and Alli have written about the idea in depth, and have explored and attempted to define how each circuit operates, both in the lives of individual people and in societies and civilizations.

The term "circuit" is equated to a metaphor of the brain being [[computer hardware]], and the wiring of the brain as [[circuitry]].{{sfnm|1a1=Leary|1a2=Wilson|1y=1993|1p=4|2a1=Wilson|2y=1992|2pp=33–41}}

Leary used the eight circuits along with [[recapitulation theory]] to explain the evolution of the human species, the personal development of an individual, and the [[biological evolution]] of all life.{{sfnm|1a1=Leary|1a2=Wilson|1y=1993|1p=86|2a1=Leary|2y=1994|2p=5}}

==Criticism==
Many researchers believed that Leary provided little scientific evidence for his claims. Even before he began working on psychedelics, he was known as a theoretician rather than a data collector. His most ambitious pre-psychedelic work was ''Interpersonal Diagnosis Of Personality''. The reviewer for ''The British Medical Journal'', H. J. Eysenck, wrote that Leary created a confusing and overly broad rubric for testing psychiatric conditions. "Perhaps the worst failing of the book is the omission of any kind of proof for the validity and reliability of the diagnostic system," Eysenck wrote. "It is simply not enough to say" that the accuracy of the system "can be checked by the reader" in clinical practice.{{sfn|Eysenck|1957}} In 1965, Leary co-edited ''The Psychedelic Reader''. Penn State psychology researcher Jerome E. Singer reviewed the book and singled out Leary as the worst offender in a work containing "melanges of hucksterism". In place of scientific data about the effects of LSD, Leary used metaphors about "galaxies spinning" faster than the speed of light and a cerebral cortex "turned on to a much higher voltage".{{sfn|Singer|1966}}

==See also==
* [[Erikson's stages of psychosocial development]]
* [[Integral theory]]
* [[List of New Age topics]]
* [[Maslow's hierarchy of needs]]
* [[Psychedelic experience]]
* [[Reality tunnel]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist |group=n |refs=
<ref name="Higgs">Cultural historian [[John Higgs]] states that Leary hoped to rebuild his academic reputation by pivoting away from psychedelics and toward speculation on human evolution, but that "[this] attempt at scientific credibility was doomed to fail, partly because he was the infamous Timothy Leary and his reputation would always tower over him, but mainly because it simply isn't good science to create a theoretical model and claim that it represents different things at the same time. This thinking was, essentially, occult or mystical, and would never be taken seriously by the establishment." {{harvnb|Higgs|2006|pp=236–237}}</ref>
<ref name="Kaiser1">{{cite book |editor-first1=David |editor-last1=Kaiser |editor-first2=W. Patrick |editor-last2=McCray |year=2016 |title=Groovy Science |chapter=Timothy Leary's transhumanist SMI^2LE |pages=238–262}} "A once-promising researcher who abandoned the protocols of mainstream psychology for notoriety... / ''Neuropolitics'' and ''Exo-Psychology'' were clear signs that Leary had strayed far from O'Neill's comparatively straightforward ideas, which were grounded in optimistic yet measured extrapolations of 1970s technology. It's difficult to determine exactly how people responded to Leary's two books. Contemporary responses were relatively rare and memories today are hazy. / Leary incorporated another fringy ingredient besides space settlements and drug-enhanced mental capacity into his formulation for SMI^2LE. / Was Leary's SMI^2LE program an example of 1970s 'groovy science'? Can we even call it 'scientific'? Leary presented few technical details, provided no blueprints for its realization, and shrouded his ideas in cryptic references to quantum fields and neurological circuits of consciousness. [...] In these ways, he differs sharply from 'visioneers' like O'Neill who grounded their ideas about the technological future on detailed engineering studies and who published and occasionally presented research in professional scientific venues. / Leary's ideas tapped into a potpourri of fringe sciences, including ''est'', quantum consciousness, space habitation, and other topics that spanned physics, psychology, and the paranormal."</ref>
}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Alli |first1=Antero |author-link=Antero Alli |year=2008 |orig-year=1985 |title=Angel Tech: A Modern Shaman's Guide to Reality Selection |location=Tempe, Arizona |publisher=The Original Falcon Press |isbn=978-1-935150-95-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Alli |first1=Antero |year=2009 |title=The Eight-Circuit Brain: Navigational Strategies for the Energetic Body |location=Berkeley, California |publisher=Vertical Pool Publishing |isbn=978-0-9657341-3-4}}
* {{cite book |first=Erik |last=Davis |author-link=Erik Davis |year=2019 |title=High Weirdness: Drugs, Esoterica, and Visionary Experience in the Seventies |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-1907222-870}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Eysenck |first1=H. J. |title=Interpersonal Relations |type=review |journal=The British Medical Journal |date=December 21, 1957 |volume=2 |issue=5059 |page=1478|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5059.1478-a |s2cid=220136866 |pmc=1962952 }}
* {{cite book |first=John |last=Higgs |author-link=John Higgs |year=2006 |title=I Have America Surrounded: The Life of Timothy Leary |publisher=Barricade Books |isbn=1-56980-315-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Leary |first1=Timothy |year=1977 |author-link1=Timothy Leary |url=http://archive.org/details/exopsychologyman00learrich|url-access=registration|title=Exo-Psychology: A Manual on the Use of the Human Nervous System according to the Instructions of the Manufacturers |publisher=Starseed/Peace Press |isbn=0-915238-16-0 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Leary |first1=Timothy |last2=Wilson |first2=Robert Anton |year=1993 |orig-year=1979 |title=The Game of Life |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[New Falcon Publications]] |isbn=978-1-56184-050-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Leary |first1=Timothy |year=1994 |orig-year=1987 |title=Info-Psychology |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[New Falcon Publications]] |isbn=1-56184-105-6}}
* {{cite news |last=Mansnerus |first=Laura |title=Conversations/Timothy Leary; At Death's Door, the Message Is Tune In, Turn On, Drop In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/26/weekinreview/conversations-timothy-leary-death-s-door-message-tune-turn-drop.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 26, 1995 |access-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216204803/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/26/weekinreview/conversations-timothy-leary-death-s-door-message-tune-turn-drop.html |archive-date=February 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Singer |first1=Jerome |title=Review: The Psychedelic Reader |journal=American Sociological Review |date=April 1966 |volume=31 |issue=2 |page=284|doi=10.2307/2090932 |jstor=2090932 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |author-link1=Robert Anton Wilson |year=1977 |title=[[Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of the Illuminati|Cosmic Trigger: The Final Secret of the Illuminati]] |edition=1st |publisher=And/Or Press |isbn=978-0-915904-29-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |year=1977b |chapter=Leary's Eight Circuit Model of Consciousness |title=Cosmic Trigger |publisher=And/Or Press |isbn=978-0-915904-29-7 |chapter-url=http://www.futurehi.net/docs/8circuit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723133512/http://www.futurehi.net/docs/8circuit.html |archive-date=2011-07-23 |via=Future Hi}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |year=1992 |orig-year=1983 |title=[[Prometheus Rising]] |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[New Falcon Publications]] |isbn=1-56184-056-4}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Heffernan |first=J. |year=2017 |title=Nonlocal Nature: The Eight Circuits of Consciousness |publisher=New Falcon Publications |isbn=978-1-56184-541-5 |ref=none}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Hoffman |first=Eric |year=2021 |type=review |title=The Starseed Signals |magazine=Fortean Times |issue=407 |page=59 |ref=none}} 
* {{cite book |last=Huguelit |first=L. |year=2013 |title=The Shamanic Path to Quantum Consciousness: The Eight Circuits of Creative Power |publisher=Inner Traditions/Bear |isbn=978-1-59143-848-9 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Leary |first1=Timothy |last2=Leary |author-link1=Timothy Leary |first2=Joanna |year=1973 |title=[[Neurologic (book)|Neurologic]] |location=San Francisco |publisher=Joanna Leary |oclc=3006096 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Leary |first1=Timothy |year=1998 |orig-year=1968 |title=The Politics of Ecstasy |publisher=Ronin |isbn=1-57951-031-0 |ref=none}} 
* {{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Dave |year=2006 |title=Chaotopia! Sorcery and Ecstasy in the Fifth Aeon |publisher=[[Mandrake of Oxford]] |isbn=1-869928-88-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Valle |editor-first1=Ronald S. |editor-last2=von Eckarsberg |editor-first2=Rolf |year=1981 |title=The Metaphors of Consciousness |location=New York |publisher=Plenum Press |isbn=978-0-306-40520-4 |ref=none}}
* {{cite magazine |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |author-link1=Robert Anton Wilson |date=August 1978 |title=Neurologic, Immortality & All That |magazine=[[Green Egg]] |volume=8 |issue=72 |pages=9–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_green-egg_1975-08_8_72/page/n14/mode/1up |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]] |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Robert Anton |year=1980 |chapter=The Eight Winner and Loser Scripts |title=The Illuminati Papers |edition=1st |publisher=And/Or Press |isbn=978-0-915904-52-5 |chapter-url=http://deoxy.org/winlose.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914021547/http://deoxy.org/winlose.htm |archive-date=2017-09-14 |via=Deoxy.org |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |year=1990 |title=[[Quantum Psychology]] |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[New Falcon Publications]] |isbn=978-1-56184-071-7 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Robert Anton |year=1996 |orig-year=1992 |title=[[Reality Is What You Can Get Away With]] |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[New Falcon Publications]] |isbn=1-56184-080-7 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Robert Anton |year=2020 |title=The Starseed Signals: A RAW Perspective on Timothy Leary |publisher=Hilaritas Press |isbn=978-1-952746-07-9 |ref=none}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|first=Robert Anton |last=Wilson |year=2010|author-link=Robert Anton Wilson |title=8 Circuit Psychology [audio, 7 parts] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dy5tYVU5mFk&list=PL8F393A80E80263B3&index=1 |website=[[YouTube]]}}

{{Timothy Leary}}
{{Robert Anton Wilson|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Fringe theories]]
[[Category:Parapsychology]]
[[Category:Psychedelia]]
[[Category:Psychological models]]
[[Category:Theory of mind]]
[[Category:Timothy Leary]]
[[Category:Robert Anton Wilson]]

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