View source for Eidos Interactive

{{Short description|British video game publisher}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Eidos Interactive Limited
| logo = 
| former_name = {{Unbulleted list|Domark Limited (1984–1990)<ref name="Former names">{{cite web |title=Square Enix Limited - Overview |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01804186 |website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk |publisher=Companies House |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117094536/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01804186 |url-status=live }}</ref>|Domark Group Limited (1990–1996)<ref name="Former names"/>}}
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1984}} in [[Putney]], London, England
| founders = {{Unbulleted list|Mark Strachan|Dominic Wheatley}}
| defunct = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|11|10}}
| fate = Merged with [[Square Enix]] in 2009
| successor = Square Enix Limited
| hq_location_city = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[London]]
| hq_location_country = England
| key_people = [[Ian Livingstone]] (executive chairman of Eidos plc, 1995–2002)
| products = {{Unbulleted list|''[[Championship Manager]]''|''[[Deus Ex]]''|''[[Hitman (franchise)|Hitman]]''|''[[Thief (series)|Thief]]''|''[[Tomb Raider]]''}}
| parent = {{Unbulleted list|Eidos plc (1995–2005)|[[SCi Entertainment]] (2005–2009)}}
| website = 
}}

'''Eidos Interactive Limited''' (formerly '''Domark Limited''') was a British [[video game publisher]] based in [[Wimbledon, London]]. Among its franchises were ''[[Championship Manager]]'', ''[[Deus Ex]]'', ''[[Hitman (franchise)|Hitman]]'', ''[[Thief (series)|Thief]]'' and ''[[Tomb Raider]]''. Domark was founded by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley in 1984. In 1995, it was acquired by software company Eidos. [[Ian Livingstone]], who held a stake in Domark, became executive chairman of Eidos and held various roles including creative director. Eidos took over [[U.S. Gold]] in 1996, which included developer [[Core Design]], and merged its operations including Domark, which created publishing subsidiary Eidos Interactive. The company acquired [[Crystal Dynamics]] in 1998, and owned numerous other assets. In 2005, parent Eidos was taken over by games publisher [[SCi Games|SCi]]. The combined company, SCi Entertainment Group, which was briefly renamed Eidos, was itself taken over by [[Square Enix]] in 2009. 

Square Enix completed the merger with Eidos Interactive by November 2009, absorbing it primarily into group company Square Enix Limited (also known as '''Square Enix Europe'''). Eidos executive Phil Rogers stayed with the company as Square Enix Europe CEO and became CEO of Americas and Europe in 2013 along with other executives.{{efn|Americas referring to fellow group company Square Enix Incorporated. Square Enix Limited's area of activity are former [[PAL territories]], while Square Enix Incorporated's area of activity are the Americas.}} In August 2022, games holding company [[Embracer Group]] completed its acquisition of studios Crystal Dynamics, [[Eidos-Montréal]] and [[Square Enix Montreal|Square Enix Montréal]] and intellectual properties ''Tomb Raider'', ''[[Legacy of Kain]]'', ''[[Deus Ex]]'' and ''[[Thief (series)|Thief]]'' among other assets. Rogers joined Embracer and formed an operative group called CDE Entertainment.

== History ==

=== {{Anchor|Domark}} Founding of publisher Domark (1984–1994) ===
[[File:Domark logo.png|thumb|left|Former Domark logo (1984–1996)]]
Domark was founded by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley in 1984. For Christmas 1983, Wheatley (the grandson of the writer [[Dennis Wheatley]]) had visited his family, where he saw his brother play ''[[The Heroes of Karn]]'' on a newly purchased [[Commodore 64]]. He was impressed with the game and felt that ordinary people, not just those who worked with computers professionally, would start acquiring computers and games for them. When he returned to his London job as a junior account executive at a small [[advertising agency]], he spoke to Strachan, his colleague, and floated the idea of setting up a company to publish games from third-party developers. Strachan initially declined but later saw that many retailers in the city had sold out of [[ZX Spectrum]] models, which he felt signaled great interest in video games. Strachan and Wheatley, then aged 24, subsequently quit their jobs and founded Domark, using a [[portmanteau]] of their first names for the company. To design the [[adventure game]] ''[[Eureka! (video game)|Eureka!]],'' they hired Andromeda Software and the Hungarian developer Novotrade, and brought in [[Ian Livingstone]] as its writer. Strachan and Wheatley further devised a competition in which a telephone number would be shown upon completing the game, and the first person to call it would win {{GBP|25,000}}. Through friends, family, and other acquaintances, they raised {{GBP|160,000|long=no}}, more than enough to finance the project. Domark released the game later in 1984, marketing it through Concept Marketing, another firm set up by Strachan and Wheatley. Impressed with the company's operations, Livingstone invested {{GBP|10,000|long=no}} in Domark. ''Eureka!'' sold 15,000 copies. Domark were unsure what project to pursue next; Strachan and Wheatley had a contact in the estate of [[Ian Fleming]] and approached them with the idea of producing a video game based on ''[[James Bond]]''. In 1985, Domark obtained a licence to ''[[A View to a Kill]]''. Despite delays caused by [[scope creep]], [[A View to a Kill (video game)|the eponymous game]] was released later in 1985 and was "actually quite successful", according to Wheatley.<ref name="Retro Gamer 96">{{cite magazine |title=From the Archives: Domark |first=David |last=Crookes |magazine=[[Retro Gamer]] |issue=96 |publisher=[[Imagine Publishing]] |date=10 November 2011 |pages=36–41}}</ref><ref name="moneyweek">{{cite web |last1=McKeigue |first1=James |title=Dominic Wheatley: My 'Eureka' moment in computer gaming |url=https://moneyweek.com/30449/my-eureka-moment-in-computer-gaming-52536 |website=[[MoneyWeek]] |language=en |date=23 February 2011}}</ref>

Domark found further success with computer conversions of [[board game]]s: ''[[Trivial Pursuit]]'' was becoming increasingly popular, so Domark got into contact with games publisher Leisure Genius, which had found success with board game conversions. Leisure Genius was skeptical about a conversion of ''Trivial Pursuit'', and Domark hired Oxford Digital Enterprises to develop it instead. Released in 1986, the ''Trivial Pursuit'' sold roughly 2&nbsp;million copies. The success allowed Domark to move into proper offices and hire more employees. Domark released further ''Trivial Pursuit'' and ''James Bond'' games in the years following. The company also got into [[arcade game]] conversions in 1987 when Wheatley, alone at the [[Consumer Electronics Show]] in [[Las Vegas]], encountered Manlio Allegra, an agent for companies including [[Atari Games]]. Allegra wanted Domark to produce conversions for as many games as possible but Wheatley claimed that the company had only {{GBP|25,000|long=no}} to spend. Allegra then went through a list of games to be licensed at low prices and Wheatley stopped him when he mentioned the ''[[Star Wars (1983 video game)|Star Wars]]'' trilogy of games. They agreed on a license for Wheatley's claimed budget. To have the games developed, Domark brought a German programmer to England, who had previously developed Star Wars for [[Amiga]]. Domark released its versions later in 1987, and they became so successful that the first royalty cheque paid to Atari Games two months later amounted to {{GBP|280,000|long=no}}. Impressed with this return, Atari Games hired Domark as the exclusive partner for computer conversions of arcade games. With sufficient funds, the company published various games through the rest of the 1980s. It set up an internal development team, The Kremlin, within its [[Putney]] headquarters in 1990 and expanded to 20 employees by 1992. In the same year, Livingstone joined Domark's board as an investor, while Wheatley moved with his wife and two children to the US to better manage the company's American contacts. A US subsidiary for Domark was formally established in [[Silicon Valley]] in 1993.<ref name="Retro Gamer 96" /><ref name="moneyweek" />

=== Takeover and transformation into Eidos Interactive (1994–2005) ===
In 1994, Strachan and Wheatley encountered Charles Cornwall, chairman of Eidos, a company that developed [[video compression]] software for systems like the [[Acorn Archimedes]]. Domark was struggling on the business side and Eidos had no sales at that time, so the two companies agreed to a [[reverse merger takeover]]. Domark was merged with Eidos, with Domark's operations aligned as a subsidiary of the newer Eidos.<ref name="Retro Gamer 96" /> The deal was announced in September 1995 as an acquisition of Domark (alongside developers Simis and [[Big Red Software]]) by Eidos for {{GBP|12.9&nbsp;million|long=no}}.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/eidos-acquires-three-companies-unveils-placing--65391 |title=Eidos Acquires Three Companies, Unveils Placing |date=25 September 1995 |website=Telecompaper |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012442/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/eidos-acquires-three-companies-unveils-placing--65391 |url-status=live }}</ref> The new company was floated on the [[London Stock Exchange]] as Eidos that year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashton |first=James |date=2015-08-24 |title=Tomb Raider creator on the claim that video games harm children |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/ian-livingstone-interview-tomb-raider-creator-on-lara-croft-20-years-on-and-claims-that-video-games-harm-children-10468405.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=The Independent |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315130805/https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/ian-livingstone-interview-tomb-raider-creator-on-lara-croft-20-years-on-and-claims-that-video-games-harm-children-10468405.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Livingstone became [[executive chairman]] and Strachan left Domark in that year.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |last=Corriea |first=Alexa Ray |date=30 September 2013 |title=Eidos President and CEO Ian Livingstone departs after 20 years |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/9/30/4787344/eidos-president-and-ceo-ian-livingstone-departs-after-20-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012943/https://www.polygon.com/2013/9/30/4787344/eidos-president-and-ceo-ian-livingstone-departs-after-20-years |archive-date=29 October 2017 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref><ref name="Retro Gamer 96" />

On 31 May 1996, Simis and Big Red Software were merged into Domark.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sherman |first=Christopher |title=Four Way Merger Between Domark, Big Red, Simis, and Eidos |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=16 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=April 1996 |page=23}}</ref> Eidos took over CentreGold in April 1996 for {{GBP|17.6 million}}. CentreGold consisted of distributor CentreSoft{{Efn|Distributor Centresoft conducted a management buyout.<ref>{{cite web |title=GameSpy: Eidos Interactive |url=http://www.gamespy.com/company/025/025024.html |website=Gamespy.com}}</ref>}} and publisher [[U.S. Gold]], which included development subsidiaries [[Core Design]] and [[Silicon Dreams Studio]].<ref name=":7">{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/publishing/deals-that-shook-the-industry-5-10 |title=Deals that shook the industry: 5/10 |date=25 July 2008 |website=[[MCV (magazine)|MCV]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113215337/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/deals-that-shook-the-industry-5-10/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2003/07/15/core-founder-steps-down |title=Core Founder Steps Down |date=15 July 2003 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413164140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2003/07/15/core-founder-steps-down |url-status=live }}</ref> Eidos Interactive's first major title was soon to be released ''[[Tomb Raider (1996 video game)|Tomb Raider]]'' by Core Design, which CentreGold had itself acquired two years prior.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/03/it-felt-like-robbery-tomb-raider-and-the-fall-of-core-design/ |title="It felt like robbery": Tomb Raider and the fall of Core Design |first=Richard |last=Moss |date=31 March 2015 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126210720/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/03/it-felt-like-robbery-tomb-raider-and-the-fall-of-core-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Silicon Dreams Studio was re-acquired by its founder, Geoff Brown, through newly founded Geoff Brown Holdings (later [[Kaboom Studios]]), on 16 December that year.<ref name=":21">{{cite web |date=16 December 1996 |title=Silicon Dreams To Be 75% Acquired By New Firm |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/silicon-dreams-to-be-75-acquired-by-new-firm--97350 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928055915/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/silicon-dreams-to-be-75-acquired-by-new-firm--97350 |archive-date=28 September 2017 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> In 1997, Wheatley left the company to move back to Britain and focus on other projects.<ref name="Retro Gamer 96" /> In January 1998, [[Opticom (company)|Opticom]] entered into an agreement with Eidos to develop storage devices, with both companies holding shares in each other.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flaa |first=Eirik |date=1998-01-20 |title=Opticom under juletreet i 99 |url=https://www.digi.no/artikler/opticom-under-juletreet-i-99/339572 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=[[Digi.no]]}}</ref> Eidos acquired developer [[Crystal Dynamics]] in September 1998.<ref name="The Birmingham Post">{{cite news |last=Dresser |first=Guy |date=September 8, 1998 |title=Eidos's £28.4m deal for Crystal is virtual reality |page=22 |newspaper=[[The Birmingham Post]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109591405/eidoss-284m-deal-for-crystal-is/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915152107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109591405/eidoss-284m-deal-for-crystal-is/ |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> In 1999, Eidos acquired a 51% stake in [[Ion Storm]], in exchange for advances to the developers,<ref>{{cite web |last=Biederman |first=Christine |date=April 29, 1999 |title=Vapor war |url=http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/vapor-war-6401046 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174108/http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/vapor-war-6401046 |archive-date=October 29, 2017 |access-date=October 29, 2017}}</ref> and a {{USD|55m}} stake in web portal company Maximum Holdings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-11-15 |title=Eidos Takes $55m Stake in Portal Player Maximum |url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/eidos_takes_55m_stake_in_portal_player_maximum |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Tech Monitor |language=en-US |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811053808/https://techmonitor.ai/technology/eidos_takes_55m_stake_in_portal_player_maximum |url-status=live }}</ref> Eidos founder [[Stephen B. Streater]] resigned as director in June and went on to found [[Forbidden Technologies plc|Forbidden Technologies]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 1999 |title=Eidos founder Stephen Streater resigns directorship |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/eidos-founder-stephen-streater-resigns-directorship--175605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604225508/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/eidos-founder-stephen-streater-resigns-directorship--175605 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> The following year Eidos CEO Cornwall left the company to focus on technology and mining interests and was succeeded by former COO Michael McGarvey.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2000-11-02 |title=Technology Briefing: Deals; Eidos Executive Resigns |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/02/business/technology-briefing-deals-eidos-executive-resigns.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315132928/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/02/business/technology-briefing-deals-eidos-executive-resigns.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A publicised takeover bid from [[Infogrames Entertainment]] failed to materialize in October 2000.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=2001-05-31 |title=£50m share offer to save Eidos |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/may/31/newmedia.citynews1 |access-date=2023-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In January 2002, Eidos established label Fresh Games for games localised from Japan, with titles including ''[[Mister Mosquito]]'', ''[[Mad Maestro!]]'' and ''[[Legaia 2: Duel Saga]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2002-01-25 |title=Eidos Establishes Fresh Games |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/01/25/eidos-establishes-fresh-games |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=IGN |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514211452/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/01/25/eidos-establishes-fresh-games |url-status=live }}</ref> Livingstone stepped down as chairman and became creative director in September 2002.<ref>{{cite web |last=Carless |first=Simon |date=29 September 2005 |title=Livingstone Presumes Reappearance At Eidos |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/livingstone-presumes-reappearance-at-eidos |website=Game Developer |access-date=18 May 2023 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518202948/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/livingstone-presumes-reappearance-at-eidos |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, Eidos founded Beautiful Game Studios inside their headquarters, which continued its ''[[Championship Manager]]'' series after splitting with previous developer [[Sports Interactive]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2009-11-26 |title=Square Enix Restructures Beautiful Game Studios, Cuts Positions |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/square-enix-restructures-beautiful-game-studios-cuts-positions |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=Game Developer |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409095812/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/square-enix-restructures-beautiful-game-studios-cuts-positions |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hall |first=Lee |date=28 June 2012 |title=Sports Interactive details split from Eidos after nine years of silence |url=http://www.edge-online.com/news/miles-jacobson-comments-eidos-split |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628120626/http://www.edge-online.com/news/miles-jacobson-comments-eidos-split |archive-date=28 June 2012 |access-date= |website=Edge Magazine }}</ref> In March 2004, Eidos acquired Danish developer [[IO Interactive]], which was developing published title ''[[Hitman: Contracts]]''.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Calvert |first=Justin |date=4 March 2004 |title=Eidos announces results and acquisition of Io Interactive |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-announces-results-and-acquisition-of-io-interactive/1100-6090628/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=GameSpot |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142605/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-announces-results-and-acquisition-of-io-interactive/1100-6090628/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ion Storm was closed in February 2005.<ref name=":16" />

On 21 March 2005, Eidos received a takeover bid from [[Elevation Partners]], a [[private equity]] firm owned by former [[Electronic Arts]] president [[John Riccitiello]]. This takeover valued the company at {{GBP|71&nbsp;million}}, and would inject {{GBP|23&nbsp;million}} in order to keep the company from [[bankruptcy]] in the short term.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maragos |first1=Nich |last2=Carless |first2=Simon |date=21 March 2005 |title=Elevation Partners Purchases Eidos |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/elevation-partners-purchases-eidos |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029013530/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/96120/Elevation_Partners_Purchases_Eidos.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Elevation stated it plans to take Eidos private for some years to focus on game creation and release schedules, and its offer was initially recommended by Eidos' board.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Szalai |first=George |date=29 March 2005 |title=Eidos Accepts Elevation Buyout; SCi Makes Play |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/eidos-accepts-elevation-buyout-sci-makes-play-1415017/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305205650/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/eidos-accepts-elevation-buyout-sci-makes-play-1415017/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Parent Eidos taken over by SCi (2005–2009) ===
{{Main|SCi Games}}
On 22 March 2005, Eidos plc received a second takeover bid from games publisher [[SCi Games|SCi]]. The bid was for {{GBP|74&nbsp;million}}, and tabled a restructuring plan to cut {{GBP|14&nbsp;million}} from annual costs. To fund this takeover, SCi proposed to sell {{GBP|60&nbsp;million}} worth of stock. In late April, Elevation Partners formally withdrew its offer, leaving the way clear for SCi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fildes |first=Nic |date=8 April 2005 |title=Eidos Accepts Offer From SCi, Drops Support for Elevation |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111287235123300637 |access-date=5 March 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305205655/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111287235123300637 |url-status=live }}</ref> SCi's takeover was finalized on 16 May 2005, with SCi merging itself into Eidos Interactive's parent SCi Entertainment Group. Livingstone was the only returning board member and became product acquisition director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-05-20 |title=Eidos' board resigns |language=en |work=GamesIndustry International |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/news200505eidos |access-date=2023-12-10 |via=Eurogamer.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gibson |first=Ellie |date=30 September 2005 |title=Livingstone takes on new role at Eidos |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/livingstone-takes-on-new-role-at-eidos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012807/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/livingstone-takes-on-new-role-at-eidos |archive-date=29 October 2017 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyes |first=Emma |date=15 November 2006 |title=Q&A: Ian Livingstone on 10 years of Lara |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/qanda-ian-livingstone-on-10-years-of-lara/1100-6161633/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=GameSpot |archive-date=26 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126111218/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/qanda-ian-livingstone-on-10-years-of-lara/1100-6161633/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Core Design pitched a ''Tomb Raider'' remake for the game's 10th anniversary to SCi/Eidos in 2005.<ref name=":2" /> Former studio manager Gavin Rummery stated in 2015 that SCi loved the project, but [[Crystal Dynamics]] had their own demo, which then convinced SCi to cancel Core's project (''[[Tomb Raider: Anniversary]]'').<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prince |first=Chloe |date=2020-08-05 |title=Inside The Cancelled Tomb Raider Game From The Original Creators |url=https://www.thegamer.com/tomb-raider-anniversary-cancelled-core-design/ |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=TheGamer |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607110110/https://www.thegamer.com/tomb-raider-anniversary-cancelled-core-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2006, [[Rebellion Developments]] acquired Core Designs' assets and staff, while the Core brand and intellectual property, including ''Tomb Raider'', remained with SCi.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Gibon |first=Ellie |date=16 June 2006 |title=Rebellion acquires Core Design staff and assets |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/rebellion-acquires-core-design-staff-and-assets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409110931/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/rebellion-acquires-core-design-staff-and-assets |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=GamesIndustry.biz}}</ref> In December 2006, [[Warner Bros.]] licensed classic properties to SCi, while investing for 10.3% of SCi shares.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dobson |first1=Jason |last2=Boyer |first2=Brandon |date=15 December 2006 |title=Warner Bros, SCi Sign Investment, Licensing Agreement |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/warner-bros-sci-sign-investment-licensing-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825050057/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/103081/Warner_Bros_SCi_Sign_Investment_Licensing_Agreement.php |archive-date=25 August 2021 |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=Gamasutra}}</ref> In 2007, SCi acquired a number of new studios for its [[New media|New Media]] division: mobile phone developer Rockpool Games, along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay, Morpheme, and [[gaming portal]] Bluefish Media.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sliwinski |first=Alexander |date=23 January 2009 |title=Eidos closes mobile developer Rockpool Games |url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/01/23/eidos-closes-mobile-developer-rockpool-games/ |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[Engadget]] |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065639/https://www.engadget.com/2009/01/23/eidos-closes-mobile-developer-rockpool-games/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinclair |first=Brandon |date=16 April 2007 |title=Eidos buys into digital distribution, casual games |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-buys-into-digital-distribution-casual-games/1100-6169144/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409114322/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-buys-into-digital-distribution-casual-games/1100-6169144/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=GameSpot}}</ref> [[Majesco Entertainment]] signed a distribution deal for eight games with SCi in April 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |date=18 April 2007 |title=Eidos brings Majesco to Europe, Australia |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-brings-majesco-to-europe-australia/1100-6169327/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref> In November 2007, SCi opened a new studio in [[Montreal]], Quebec, which was later named [[Eidos-Montréal]] and developed a new game in the ''Deus Ex'' franchise.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16365 |title=Eidos Announces ''Deus Ex 3'', Talks New Montreal Studio |first=Leigh |last=Alexander |date=26 November 2007 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502180328/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16365 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-resurrecting-deus-ex/1100-6171079/ |title=Eidos resurrecting Deus Ex? |first=Tor |last=Thorsen |date=26 November 2007 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065138/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/eidos-resurrecting-deus-ex/1100-6171079/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 4 September 2007, SCi stated that they had been approached with possible offers for the company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/sci-confirms-approach-has-been-made |title=SCi confirms approach has been made |first=Phil |last=Elliott |date=4 September 2007 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029064852/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/sci-confirms-approach-has-been-made |url-status=live }}</ref> By January 2008, the offer talks had halted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7182603.stm |title=Lara Croft firm scraps bid talks |date=11 January 2008 |website=[[BBC]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029014735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7182603.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7832738.stm |title=Takeover talk at Tomb Raider firm |date=16 January 2009 |website=[[BBC]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029071548/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7832738.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The share price dropped by over 50% and shareholders called for the resignation of key personnel, including CEO Jane Cavanagh, over this issue as well as delays to key titles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Game Over for Tomb Raider boss |first=Louise |last=Armitstead |date=13 January 2008 |website=[[The Times]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/technology/article3176808.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706153056/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/technology/article3176808.ece |archive-date=6 July 2008}}</ref> On 18 January 2008, Cavanagh and management team left the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=2008-01-18 |title=SCi management quit beleaguered publisher |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sci-management-quit-beleaguered-publisher |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705205729/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sci-management-quit-beleaguered-publisher |url-status=live }}</ref> Jürgen Goeldner was as appointed as interim COO that month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wird Goeldner SCi-COO? |url=https://www.gamesmarkt.de/games/wird-goeldner-sci-coo-f88652fbe724afe750535d4a6efc5eae |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=GamesMarkt.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=2008-01-21 |title=SCi appoints Funsoft, THQ vet as COO |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sci-appoints-funsoft-thq-vet-as-coo |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref> In April 2008, newly appointed CEO Phil Rogers, a former Electronic Arts executive, stated they want to be a "leaner and fitter company", as well as "studio-led".<ref name=":3">{{Cite magazine |last=Parfitt |first=Ben |date=2008-04-07 |title=Interview – Phil Rogers |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/interview-phil-rogers/ |url-status=live |magazine=MCV/Develop |issn=1469-4832 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628174718/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/interview-phil-rogers/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dobson |first=Jason |date=2007-03-16 |title=Former EA Exec Joins SCi To Identify 'Development Ops' |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/former-ea-exec-joins-sci-to-identify-development-ops- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525123516/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/former-ea-exec-joins-sci-to-identify-development-ops- |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Game Developer}}</ref> They moved "certain functions" from the United Kingdom to Quebec, Canada, partially due to economic advantages offered by Montreal's government.<ref name=":3" /> SCi subsidiary Pivotal Games was closed in July.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |date=2008-07-14 |title=Pivotal Games shuts its doors |language=en |work=MCV |url=https://mcvuk.com/development-news/pivotal-games-shuts-its-doors/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=1469-4832 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720230357/https://mcvuk.com/development-news/pivotal-games-shuts-its-doors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Koch Media]] acquired Proein, SCi's Spanish distribution division, in July 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=23 July 2008 |title=Koch in for Eidos-owned distributor |language=en |work=MCV |url=https://mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/koch-in-for-eidos-owned-distributor/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |issn=1469-4832}}</ref> During SCi 2008 financial report, losses were at {{GBP|100&nbsp;million}}, which Rogers stated were due to the reconstructing plans.<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |date=15 September 2008 |title=SCi results reaction |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/publishing/sci-results-reaction |url-status=live |magazine=MCV/Develop |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113220327/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/sci-results-reaction/ |archive-date=13 January 2023 |access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> On 19 September 2008, SCi opened a [[Shanghai]]-based studio, Eidos Shanghai, consisting of a small team to build up relations in Asia.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/publishing/eidos-opens-shanghai-base |title=Eidos opens Shanghai base |first=Micheal |last=French |date=19 September 2008 |magazine=MCV/Develop |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113220337/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/eidos-opens-shanghai-base/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, SCi set up an entity, which later became Square Enix London Studios headed by Lee Singleton in their Wimbledon headquarters.<ref name=":18">{{cite web |last1=Nutt |first1=Christian |date=1 August 2011 |title=Square Enix Nabs Rights To True Crime: Hong Kong From Activision |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/126185/Square_Enix_Nabs_Rights_To_True_Crime_Hong_Kong_From_Activision.php |website=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823202951/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/126185/Square_Enix_Nabs_Rights_To_True_Crime_Hong_Kong_From_Activision.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=14 April 2010 |title=Enix rising |first= Rob |last=Crossley |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/enix-rising/ |magazine=MCV/Develop |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418201605/https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/enix-rising/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  In December 2008, SCi rebranded as Eidos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caoili |first=Eric |date=2008-12-03 |title=SCi Finalizes Name Change To Eidos As Buyout Rumors Mount |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/sci-finalizes-name-change-to-eidos-as-buyout-rumors-mount |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=Game Developer |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526113550/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/sci-finalizes-name-change-to-eidos-as-buyout-rumors-mount |url-status=live }}</ref> Rockpool Games was closed in January 2009.<ref name=":15">{{cite web |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=23 January 2009 |title=Eidos closes Manchester studio |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-closes-manchester-studio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926034617/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-closes-manchester-studio |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]]}}</ref>

=== {{Anchor|Square Enix Europe}}SCi/Eidos taken over by and absorbed into Square Enix (2009) ===
{{Main|Square Enix}}
In February 2009, [[Square Enix]] reached an agreement to purchase Eidos plc for {{GBP|84.3&nbsp;million}}, pending shareholder approval,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5152117/square-enix-trying-to-buy-tomb-raider |title=Square Enix Trying To Buy Tomb Raider |first=Luke |last=Plunkett |date=12 February 2009 |website=[[Kotaku]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012839/https://kotaku.com/5152117/square-enix-trying-to-buy-tomb-raider |url-status=live }}</ref> with an initial aim of completing the takeover on 6 May 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5164380/eidos-pencils-in-square-enix-takeover-for-may |title=Eidos Pencils In Square Enix Takeover For May |first=Mike |last=Fahey |date=4 March 2009 |website=[[Kotaku]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065209/https://kotaku.com/5164380/eidos-pencils-in-square-enix-takeover-for-may |url-status=live }}</ref> The offer was backed by majority stakeholder Warner Bros.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jenkins |first=David |date=February 16, 2009 |title=Warner Backs Square Enix Bid For Eidos |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/warner-backs-square-enix-bid-for-eidos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181124/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=22321 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=October 28, 2016 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |publisher=[[UBM plc]]}}</ref> The date was brought forward, and Square Enix took over Eidos on 22 April 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Tim |last2=Palmer |first2=Maija |date=27 March 2009 |title=Eidos approves takeover by Square Enix |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b711622c-1af9-11de-8aa3-0000779fd2ac |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Financial Times |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628174628/https://www.ft.com/content/b711622c-1af9-11de-8aa3-0000779fd2ac |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 February 2009 |title=Recommended Cash Offer for Eidos Plc By SQEX Ltd. To Be Effected By Means of a Scheme of Arrangement Under the UK Companies Act 2006 |url=http://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/pdf/news/20090212_02en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323124837/http://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/pdf/news/20090212_02en.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=16 February 2018 |publisher=Square Enix}}</ref> That month, [[Eidos Hungary]] (formerly Mithis Entertainment) was closed among other cuts and Livingstone became Life President of Eidos.<ref name=":14">{{Cite magazine |last=Crossley |first=Rob |date=2010-04-19 |title=Square Enix comes clean on cuts and closure |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/square-enix-comes-clean-on-cuts-and-closure/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |magazine=MCV/Develop |issn=1469-4832}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Remo |first=Chris |date=23 April 2010 |title=Eidos Life President Ian Livingstone Granted British Inspiration Award |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/eidos-life-president-ian-livingstone-granted-british-inspiration-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029013100/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/119175/Eidos_Life_President_Ian_Livingstone_Granted_British_Inspiration_Award.php |archive-date=29 October 2017 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[Gamasutra]]}}</ref> Square Enix initially stated that it would let Eidos remain structured as it was at the time of its takeover.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5229444/square-enix-lets-eidos-be-eidos |title=Square Enix Lets Eidos Be Eidos |first=Mike |last=Fahey |date=27 March 2009 |website=[[Kotaku]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065038/https://kotaku.com/5229444/square-enix-lets-eidos-be-eidos |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2009, it announced that it would merge Eidos into Square Enix, which created a new entity, tentatively titled Square Enix Europe and described as a business unit representing sales and marketing offices in the United Kingdom, France and Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-11 |title=Square Enix Europe formed |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=219021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711120510/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=219021 |archive-date=11 July 2009 |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=ComputerAndVideoGames}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5309613/goodbye-eidos-hello-square-enix-europe |title=Goodbye Eidos, Hello Square Enix Europe |first=Luke |last=Plunkett |date=8 July 2009 |website=[[Kotaku]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173152/https://kotaku.com/5309613/goodbye-eidos-hello-square-enix-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> Eidos' US operations were merged with Square Enix Incorporated, headed by John Yamamoto.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last=Elliott |first=Phil |date=7 July 2009 |title=Square Enix revamps Europe operation |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-revamps-europe-operation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902052825/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-revamps-europe-operation |archive-date=2 September 2012 |access-date=29 October 2017 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]]}}</ref> The merger was completed on 10 November 2009 with the company Square Enix Limited organized under Square Enix Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-confirms-european-identity |title=Square Enix confirms European identity |first=Phil |last=Elliott |date=10 November 2009 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173240/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-confirms-european-identity |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nunneley-Jackson |first=Stephany |date=2009-11-10 |title=Square and Eidos now known as Square Enix Europe |url=https://www.vg247.com/square-and-eidos-now-known-as-square-enix-europe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325173433/https://www.vg247.com/square-and-eidos-now-known-as-square-enix-europe |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=VG247}}</ref> Square Enix Europe under Rogers continued to managed the former SCi/Eidos studios.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mike Fischer Appointed President and CEO at US-Based SQUARE ENIX, INC. |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mike-fischer-appointed-president-and-ceo-at-us-based-square-enix-inc-98911964.html |date=21 July 2010 |access-date=2023-07-05 |publisher=Cision PR Newswire |language=en |quote=Although based in North America, development studios Crystal Dynamics and Eidos Montreal are managed by SQUARE ENIX EUROPE, UK-based business unit. |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705205728/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mike-fischer-appointed-president-and-ceo-at-us-based-square-enix-inc-98911964.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Games published ==
{{Main|List of Eidos Interactive games}}Domark's prominent games series was [[Championship Manager|''Championship Manager'']], the first title being developed by [[Sports Interactive]] and released in September 1992. For Eidos Interactive, it was [[Tomb Raider (1996 video game)|''Tomb Raider'']], the first being developed by [[Core Design]] and released in October 1996.

== Legacy ==
=== Square Enix divisions ===
{{Main|List of Square Enix Europe games}}

* Square Enix External Studios, originally Square Enix London Studios and founded by Eidos in 2008.<ref name=":20">{{cite web |last1=McCaffrey |first1=Ryan |date=18 August 2020 |title=Outriders Bosses Discuss Working on Hitman, Just Cause, Sleeping Dogs, and More – IGN Unfiltered #52 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/outriders-bosses-discuss-working-on-hitman-just-cause-sleeping-dogs-and-more-ign-unfiltered-52 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821005206/https://www.ign.com/articles/outriders-bosses-discuss-working-on-hitman-just-cause-sleeping-dogs-and-more-ign-unfiltered-52 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Christopher |date=21 November 2011 |title=Square Enix Montreal opening in 2012, working on Hitman; Eidos Montreal adds 100, working on 'third AAA project' |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011-11-21-square-enix-montreal-opening-in-2012-working-on-hitman-eidos-m.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107055445/https://www.engadget.com/2011-11-21-square-enix-montreal-opening-in-2012-working-on-hitman-eidos-m.html |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Engadget}}</ref> Responsible for working with third-party developers on [[Batman: Arkham Asylum]], Just Cause, [[Sleeping Dogs (video game)|Sleeping Dogs]], Life Is Strange and Outriders.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":20" />
* [[Square Enix Collective]], founded in 2014. Label working with [[independent developers]], originally potentially offering Eidos IPs to developers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ligman |first=Kris |date=2013-11-07 |title=Square Enix shares its publishing vision for Collective |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/square-enix-shares-its-publishing-vision-for-collective |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Game Developer |language=en}}</ref>

=== Studios and related IPs acquired by Embracer (2022) ===
In May 2022, Square Enix announced it would sell several of Square Enix Limited's assets to [[Embracer Group]] for {{USD|300 million|long=no}}. These included development studios [[Crystal Dynamics]], [[Eidos-Montréal]], [[Square Enix Montréal]], and [[intellectual property|intellectual properties]] such as ''Tomb Raider'', ''Deus Ex'', ''Thief'', ''Legacy of Kain'' alongside "50 back-catalogue games", with the deal expected to be completed in the second quarter of Embracer's financial year.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex|title=Embracer Group Enters Agreement to Acquire Eidos, Crystal Dynamics, and Square Enix Montreal for $300 Million|first=Adam|last=Bankhurst|date=2 May 2022|website=IGN|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503103040/https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex|url-status=live}}</ref> Embracer announced that the subsidiaries and IPs would form as their 12th operative group, under the leadership of Phil Rogers, and was later given the name of CDE (Crystal Dynamics - Eidos) Entertainment.<ref name=":19" /> Square Enix's activities will continue to include publishing games from third-party studios including ''[[Outriders (video game)|Outriders]]'', ''[[Life Is Strange]]'' and ''[[Just Cause (video game series)|Just Cause]]''. On 20 May 2022, Embracer stated it sees potential in sequels, remakes and remasters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Tom |date=2022-05-20 |title=Embracer sees 'great potential' in Crystal Dynamics and Eidos Montreal sequels, remakes and remasters |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/embracer-sees-great-potential-in-crystal-dynamics-and-eidos-montreal-sequels-remakes-and-remasters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522080931/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/embracer-sees-great-potential-in-crystal-dynamics-and-eidos-montreal-sequels-remakes-and-remasters/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Video Games Chronicle}}</ref> The deal was completed on 26 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bankhurst |first1=Adam |last2=Dinsdale |first2=Ryan |date=2022-08-26 |title=Embracer Completes Acquisition of Crystal Dynamics, Square Enix Montréal, and Eidos-Montréal |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503103040/https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex |archive-date=3 May 2022 |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> In November 2022, Embracer shut down Square Enix Montréal and transferred Eidos-Shanghai to [[Gearbox Entertainment]] as Gearbox Studio Shanghai.<ref name=":6">{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/eidos-shanghai-becomes-gearbox-shanghai | title = Eidos Shanghai becomes Gearbox Shanghai | first = Brendan | last = Sinclair | date = November 15, 2022 | accessdate = November 17, 2022 | work = [[GamesIndustry.biz]] | archive-date = 15 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221115151558/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/eidos-shanghai-becomes-gearbox-shanghai | url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Studios ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Studio
!Subsidiary
!Location
!Founded
!Acquired
!Fate
!{{Refh}}
|-
| colspan="2" |Domark
| rowspan="2" |[[London]], England
|1984
| rowspan="3" |1995
| rowspan="4" |Transformed into Eidos Interactive in 1996
|<ref name="Retro Gamer 96" />
|-
| colspan="2" |Simis
|1988
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":9" />
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Big Red Software]]
|[[Leamington Spa]], England
|1989
|-
| rowspan="3" |CentreGold 
|[[U.S. Gold]]
|[[Birmingham]], England
|1984
| rowspan="3" |1996
|<ref name=":7" />
|-
|[[Core Design]]
|[[Derby]], England
|1988
|Assets acquired by [[Rebellion Developments]] in 2006
|<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":22" />
|-
|[[Silicon Dreams Studio]] 
|[[Adderbury]], England
|1994
|Management buyout in 1996
|<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":21" />
|-
|[[Crystal Dynamics]]
|
|[[Redwood City, California]]
|1992
|1998
|Became Square Enix subsidiary, acquired by [[Embracer Group|Embracer]] in 2022
|<ref name="The Birmingham Post" /><ref name=":19" />
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Ion Storm]]
|[[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]];<br>[[Austin, Texas]]
|1996
|1999
|Closed in 2005
|<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Bramwell |first=Tom |date=2005-02-11 |title=Eidos closes Ion Storm Austin |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/eidos-closes-ion-storm-austin |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720230357/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/eidos-closes-ion-storm-austin |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |Beautiful Game Studios
|Eidos' headquarters
| colspan="2" |2003
|Became Square Enix studio
|<ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[IO Interactive]] 
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Copenhagen]], Denmark
|1998
|2004
| rowspan="2" |Became Square Enix subsidiary, management buyout in 2017
|<ref name=":11" />
|-
|Hapti.co
| colspan="2" |2012
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cowley |first1=Ric |title=Wargaming Mobile acquires Copenhagen-based casual mobile game developer Hapti.co |url=https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/66541/wargaming-mobile-acquires-hapti/ |website=pocketgamer.biz |date=5 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pivotal Games]]
|
|[[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England
|2000
|SCi subsidiary
|Closed in 2008
|<ref name=":13" />
|-
|[[Eidos Hungary]]
|
|[[Budapest]], Hungary
|2002
|2006
|Closed in 2009
|<ref name=":14" />
|-
|[[Atod|Eidos Studios Sweden]]
|
|[[Helsingborg]], Sweden
|1987
|2006
|Closed in 2008
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Zackariasson |first1=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQKFmX9m25sC&dq=Eidos+Studios+Sweden&pg=PA143 |title=The video game industry: formation, present state, and future |last2=Wilson |first2=Timothy L. |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-10649-5 |location=New York |pages=143 |oclc=809638566 |access-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113220327/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Video_Game_Industry/oQKFmX9m25sC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Eidos+Studios+Sweden&pg=PA143 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Eidos-Montréal]]
|
|[[Montreal]], Quebec
| colspan="2" |2007
|Became Square Enix subsidiary, acquired by [[Embracer Group|Embracer]] in 2022
|<ref name=":12" />
|-
|Eidos-Shanghai
|[[Shanghai]], China
| colspan="2" |2008
|Became part of Eidos-Montréal in 2019, became [[Gearbox Software|Gearbox]] Studio Shanghai in 2022
|<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Eidos-Montréal 15th Anniversary | date=15 February 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtu0S-iFOc4?t=73 |access-date=2022-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411062406/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtu0S-iFOc4&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live |archive-date=11 April 2022}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |Morpheme Wireless
|
| rowspan="2" |[[London]], England
|1999
|2007
|Closed in 2009
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=17 April 2007 |title=Eidos acquires mobile developer Morpheme |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-acquires-mobile-developer-morpheme |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409095812/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-acquires-mobile-developer-morpheme |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=GamesIndustry.biz}}</ref>
|-
|Gimme5Games
|2007
|
|Management buyout in 2009
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=9 February 2009 |title=Eidos drops casual games studio |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-drops-casual-games-studio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409095811/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eidos-drops-casual-games-studio |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=GamesIndustry.biz}}</ref>
|-
|Rockpool Games
|
|[[Manchester]], England
|2002
|2007
|Closed in 2009
|<ref name=":15" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Square Enix Montréal]]
|
|[[Montreal]], Quebec
| colspan="2" |2011
| rowspan="2" |Acquired and closed by [[Embracer Group|Embracer]] in 2022
|<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Schreier |first=Jason |author-link=Jason Schreier |date=November 1, 2022 |title=Embracer Group Shuts Down Montreal Video Game Studio |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-01/embracer-group-shuts-down-montreal-video-game-studio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101191359/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-01/embracer-group-shuts-down-montreal-video-game-studio |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>
|-
|Square Enix London Mobile
|[[London]], England
| colspan="2" |2021
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Batchelor |first=James |date=20 October 2021 |title=Square Enix opens London mobile studio |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-10-20-square-enix-opens-london-mobile-studio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030155817/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-10-20-square-enix-opens-london-mobile-studio |archive-date=30 October 2021 |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=GamesIndustry.biz}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|London|Video games}}
* [[Stephen B. Streater]]
* [[Kuju (company)|Kuju]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |date=18 July 1996 |title=Eidos – A success story after initial hiccups |url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/eidos_a_success_story_after_initial_hiccups |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210808/https://techmonitor.ai/technology/eidos_a_success_story_after_initial_hiccups |archive-date=28 July 2021 |website=Tech Monitor}}
* {{Cite web |last=Cope |first=Nigel |date=2002-08-04 |title=It's still a hero or zero game for Eidos chief |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/it-s-still-a-hero-or-zero-game-for-eidos-chief-172081.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}
* {{Cite magazine |date=22 January 2008 |title=What went wrong at SCi |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/what-went-wrong-at-sci/ |magazine=MCV/Develop |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922160750/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/what-went-wrong-at-sci/ |archive-date=22 September 2021}}
* {{cite magazine |date=22 January 2014 |title=The Square Enix reboot |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/the-square-enix-reboot/ |url-status=live |magazine=MCV/Develop |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417173936/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/the-square-enix-reboot/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=15 August 2020}}
* {{cite web |last1=Fahey |first1=Rob |title=Square Enix announces European reorganisation |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-announces-european-reorganisation |website=GamesIndustry.biz |date=2 July 2004 |access-date=19 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203350/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-enix-announces-european-reorganisation |url-status=live }}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000706210445/http://www1.eidosinteractive.co.uk/corporate/index.html Archive of Eidos Interactive's website]
* {{MobyGames company|company=domark-software-ltd|name=Domark}}

{{Navboxes
|title=Eidos Interactive
|list1=
{{Square Enix}}
{{Square Enix franchises}}
{{Tomb Raider series}}
{{Deus Ex}}
{{Gex series}}
{{Championship Manager}}
{{Just Cause}}
{{Legacy of Kain series}}
{{Thief series}}
{{Life Is Strange}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Companies based in the London Borough of Southwark]]
[[Category:Square Enix]]
[[Category:Eidos|*]]
[[Category:British companies established in 1984]]
[[Category:Video game companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:2009 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:British subsidiaries of foreign companies]]