View source for Eastern Armenian

{{Short description|Major dialect group and standard form of Armenian}}
{{About|the Armenian dialect|the historical region|Eastern Armenia}}{{Citations needed|date=April 2023}}{{Infobox language
| name             = Eastern Armenian
| nativename       = {{Lang|hy|Արեւելահայերեն}}
| states           = [[Armenia]], [[Iran]], [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]], [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Central Asia]]
| speakers         = {{sigfig|3.849000|2}} million
| date             = 2013
| ref              = e25
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| script           = [[Armenian alphabet]] (virtually always in the [[Armenian orthography reform|reformed orthography]], except in Iran)
| iso1             = hy
| iso2b            = arm
| iso2t            = hye
| iso3             = hye <!-- hyE for Eastern -->
| glotto           = nucl1235
| glottorefname    = Eastern Armenian
| map              = Armenian dialects, Adjarian 1909.png
| mapcaption       = Map of the Armenian dialects in early 20th century: -owm dialects, corresponding to Eastern Armenian, are shown in green.
| notice           = IPA
}}

{{History of the Armenian language}}
'''Eastern Armenian''' ({{Langx|hy|[[wikt:արեւելահայերեն|Արեւելահայերեն]]|translit=Arevelahayeren}}) is one of the two [[standard language|standardized]] forms of [[Modern Armenian]], the other being [[Western Armenian]]. The two standards form a [[pluricentric language]].

Eastern Armenian is spoken in [[Armenia]], [[Russia]], as well as [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and by the Armenian community in [[Iran]]. Although the Eastern Armenian spoken by Armenians in Armenia and Iranian-Armenians are similar, there are pronunciation differences with different inflections.<ref name = "Dolatian2023">{{Cite book
| vauthors=Dolatian H, Sharifzadeh A, Vaux B
| title = A grammar of Iranian Armenian: Parskahayeren or Iranahayeren
| place = Berlin
| publisher = Language Science Press
| date = 2023
| format = pdf
| url = http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/354
| doi = 10.5281/zenodo.8177018
| doi-access = free
| isbn = 9783961104192
}}
</ref>
Armenians from Iran also have some words that are unique to them. Due to migrations of speakers from Armenia and Iran to the [[Armenian diaspora]], the dialect is now very prominent in countries and regions where only [[Western Armenian]] was used. Eastern Armenian is based on the [[Yerevan dialect]].

== Official status and recognition ==

Eastern Armenian is, for the most part, mutually intelligible by educated or literate users of Western Armenian – and vice versa. Conversely, semi-literate or illiterate users of [[Register (sociolinguistics)|lower registers]] of either variety may have difficulty understanding the other.

The official language, according to law, of [[Armenia]] is an unspecified "Armenian".<ref>{{Citation | url=http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1793&lang=arm | title=Law on Language, Armenia}}</ref> In practice, however, Eastern Armenian is the ''[[de facto]]'', day-to-day common language of Armenia. For example, commercial translations are generally completed in Eastern Armenian.
 
Until 2018, both varieties shared the same [[ISO 639-3]] code: [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hye hye]. However, on 23 January 2018, a code specifically for Western Armenian was added to ISO 639-3: [[iso639-3:hyw|''hyw'']]. (The previous code under [[ISO 639-1]] was ''hy''.)

The [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armenian Wikipedia] is predominantly composed of Eastern Armenian content. As a result of the amendment to ISO 639-3, a [[metawiki:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Western Armenian|campaign to create a separate Wikipedia for Western Armenian]] has been approved. This has resulted in separate Wikipedia sites for Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian.

==Phonology==

===Vowels===

====Monophthongs====
Eastern Armenian has six monophthong vowel sounds.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2| &nbsp;
! rowspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan=2| [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!| [[unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] || [[rounded vowel|Rounded]]
|-
! align="left" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA link|i}} (ի)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" |
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA link|u}} (ու)
|-
! align="left" | [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA link|ɛ}} (ե, է)<ref name="context_sensitive">The choice of Armenian symbol depends on the vowel's context in the word.  See the ''Orthography'' section [[#Orthography|below]] for details.</ref><br>
|style="text-align:center" | {{IPA link|ə}} (ը)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ}} (ո, օ)<ref name="context_sensitive"/><br>
|-
! align="left" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA link|ɑ}} (ա)
|
|}

===Consonants===
This is the Eastern Armenian Consonantal System using symbols from the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA), followed by the corresponding Armenian letter in parentheses.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | &nbsp;
![[Labial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Dental consonant|Labiodental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[palato-alveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
![[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[velar consonant|Velar]]
![[velar consonant|Uvular]]
![[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|m}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(մ)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA link|n}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ն)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| ⟨[[Velar nasal|ŋ]]⟩
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!<small> [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]</small>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|pʰ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(փ)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA link|tʰ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(թ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|kʰ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ք)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! <small>[[voiceless consonant|voiceless]] / ejective</small><ref name="noejectives">''"In some publications, the voiceless plosives are also defined as ejectives or glottalised. Glottalised plosives occur in various Armenian dialects and can also be found in the Eastern Armenian vernacular based on the Yerevan dialect, but according to normative grammars, SMEA [Standard Modern Eastern Armenian] shows no glottalised voiceless plosives." Jasmine Dum-Tragut. ''Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian''. London Oriental and African Language Library, 2007, {{issn|1382-3485}}; p. 17''</ref>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|p}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(պ)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|t}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(տ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|k}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(կ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>[[voice (phonetics)|voice]]d</small>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|b}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(բ)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|d}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(դ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|ɡ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(գ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=3|[[affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>aspirated</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|t͡sʰ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ց)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(չ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>voiceless / ejective</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|t͡s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ծ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ճ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|d͡z}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ձ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ջ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2|[[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|f}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ֆ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ս)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(շ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|χ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(խ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|h}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(հ, յ)<ref>In traditional orthography, {{IPA|/h/}} is written in one of two ways, depending on its context.  In reformed orthography, {{IPA|/h/}} is written only one way, {{angbr|հ}}.</ref>
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|v}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(վ, ւ, ու, ո)<ref>In traditional orthography, {{IPA|/v/}} is written in one of four ways, depending on its context.  In reformed orthography, {{IPA|/v/}} is written only one way, {{angbr|վ}}.</ref>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|z}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(զ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|ʒ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ժ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|ʁ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ղ)
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| &nbsp;
| ⟨[[Labiodental approximant|ʋ]]⟩
| rowspan=2 align=center|{{IPA link|ɾ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ր)<ref>In practice, only [[Armenians in Iran|Iranian-Armenians]] say {{IPA|[ɻ]}}; Eastern Armenians from [[Armenia]] have shifted the Classical Armenian {{IPA|[ɹ]}} (ր) to {{IPA|[ɾ]}}.  Dolatian, Hossep, Sharifzadeh, Afsheen & Vaux, Bert. 2023. [https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/354|A grammar of Iranian Armenian: Parskahayeren or Iranahayeren]. Page 22</ref>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA link|j}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(յ, ե, ի, է)<ref>In traditional orthography, {{IPA|/j/}} is written in a number of ways, depending on its context.  In reformed orthography, {{IPA|/j/}} is written only one way, {{angbr|յ}}.</ref>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[trill consonant|Trill]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA link|r}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ռ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA link|l}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(լ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}
*Some of the dialects may release the voiceless stops and affricates as ejectives.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Dum-Tragut|first=Jasmine |year=2009 |title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |url=https://vahagnakanch.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/modern-eastern-armenian.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref>

<div style="font-size:120%;font-weight: bold;">Notes</div>

The phonology of Eastern Armenian preserves the [[Grabar|Classical Armenian]] three-way distinction in stops and affricates: one voiced, one voiceless and one aspirated. Compare this to the phonology of the [[Western Armenian language]], which has kept only a two-way distinction: one voiced and one aspirated. (See the ''[[Western Armenian language#Differences from Classical Armenian|Differences in Phonology from Classical Armenian]]'' in the ''Western Armenian language'' article for details.)

Some Eastern Armenian words contain voiced stop letters pronounced as voiceless aspirated stops, like [[Western Armenian language|Western Armenian]]. For instance, [[wikt:թագավոր|թա<big>'''գ'''</big>ավոր]] (king) is {{IPA|[tʰɑ'''kʰ'''ɑˈvɔɾ]}}, not {{IPA|[tʰɑ'''ɡ'''ɑˈvɔɾ]}}; other examples are [[wikt:ձիգ|ձի<big>'''գ'''</big>]] ({{IPA|[d͡zikʰ]}}), [[wikt:ձագ|ձա<big>'''գ'''</big>]] ({{IPA|[d͡zɑkʰ]}}), [[wikt:կարգ|կար<big>'''գ'''</big>]] ({{IPA|[kɑɾkʰ]}}), [[wikt:դադար|դա<big>'''դ'''</big>ար]] ({{IPA|[dɑˈtʰɑɾ]}}), [[wikt:վարագույր|վարա<big>'''գ'''</big>ույր]] ({{IPA|[vɑɾɑˈkʰujɾ]}}).

== Orthography ==
The Eastern Armenian language is written using either [[Traditional Armenian Orthography]] or [[Reformed Armenian Orthography]]. The controversial reformed orthography was developed during the 1920s in Soviet Armenia and is in widespread use today by Eastern Armenian speakers in [[Armenia]] and those in the diaspora that are from Armenia. Eastern Armenian speakers in Iran continue to use the traditional orthography. Nevertheless, writings of either form are mutually intelligible, since the difference between the two orthographies is not large.

==Morphology==

===Pronouns===
{{Armenian personal pronoun table}}

Armenian has [[T-V distinction]], with {{lang|hy|դու}}, {{lang|hy|քո}}, {{lang|hy|քեզ}} used informally and capitalized {{lang|hy|Դուք}}, {{lang|hy|Ձեր}}, {{lang|hy|Ձեզ}} as the polite forms.

===Nouns===
Eastern Armenian nouns have seven [[Noun case|cases]], one more than Western Armenian. They are: [[Nominative case|nominative]] (subject), [[Accusative case|accusative]] (direct object), [[Genitive case|genitive]] (possession), [[Dative case|dative]] (indirect object), [[Ablative case|ablative]] (origin), [[Instrumental case|instrumental]] (means) and [[Locative case|locative]] (position). Of the seven cases, the nominative and accusative, with exceptions, are the same, and the genitive and dative are the same, meaning that nouns have mostly five distinct forms for case. Nouns in Armenian also decline for number (singular and plural), but do not decline for gender (i.e. masculine or feminine).

Declension in Armenian is based on how the genitive is formed. There are several [[declension]]s, but two are the most used (genitive in ''i'', and genitive in ''u''):
{|
|-
| [[Ablative case|Ablative]]
| [[wikt:դաշտից|դաշտից]] <br>{{IPA|/dɑʃˈt'''it͡sʰ'''/}}
| [[wikt:դաշտերից|դաշտերից]] <br>{{IPA|/dɑʃtɛˈɾ'''it͡sʰ'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑˈɾ'''ut͡sʰ'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑɾinɛˈɾ'''it͡sʰ'''/}}
|-
| [[Instrumental case|Instrumental]]
| [[wikt:դաշտով|դաշտով]] <br> {{IPA|/dɑʃˈt'''ɔv'''/}}
| [[wikt:դաշտերով|դաշտերով]] <br> {{IPA|/dɑʃtɛˈɾ'''ɔv'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑˈɾ'''ɔv'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑɾinɛˈɾ'''ɔv'''/}}
|-
| [[Locative case|Locative]]
| [[wikt:դաշտում|դաշտում]] <br> {{IPA|/dɑʃˈt'''um'''/}}
| [[wikt:դաշտերում|դաշտերում]] <br> {{IPA|/dɑʃtɛˈɾ'''um'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑˈɾ'''um'''/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡɑɾinɛˈɾ'''um'''/}}
|}

Two notes:<br>
First, notice that the Ablative form in Eastern Armenian is {{IPA|/-it͡s/}}, where it is '''-ê''' in Western Armenian:

Abl.sg WA ''kar'''ê'''''/EA {{IPA|/ɡɑɾ'''ut͡sʰ/'''}}

Second, notice that in Western Armenian, the plural forms followed the ''u''-declension, while in Eastern Armenian the plural forms follow the ''i''-declension:

Gen.pl WA ''kariner'''u'''''/EA {{IPA|/ɡɑɾinɛˈɾi/}}

===Articles===
Like some other languages such as English, Armenian has definite and indefinite articles.  The indefinite article in Eastern Armenian is {{IPA|/mi/}}, which precedes the noun:

{{IPA|mi ɡiɾkʰ}} ('a book', Nom.sg), {{IPA|/mi ɡɾkʰi/}} ('of a book', Gen.sg)

The definite article is a suffix attached to the noun, and is one of two forms, either {{IPA|/-ə/}} or {{IPA|/-n/}}, depending on whether the final sound is a vowel or a consonant, and whether a following word begins with a vowel or consonant:

{{IPA|/mɑɾdə/}} ('the man', Nom.sg)
<br>{{IPA|/ɡɑɾin/}} ('the barley' Nom.sg)
<br>but:
<br>{{IPA|/sɑ mɑɾdn ɛ/}} ('This is the man')
<br>{{IPA|/sɑ ɡɑɾin ɛ/}} ('This is the barley')

===Adjectives===
Adjectives in Armenian do not decline for case or number, and precede the noun:

{{IPA|/lɑv ɡiɾkʰə/}} ('the good book', Nom.sg)
<br>{{IPA|/lɑv ɡɾkʰi/}} ('of the good book', Gen.sg)

===Verbs===
Verbs in Armenian are based on two basic series of forms, a "present" form and an "imperfect" form.  From this, all other tenses and moods are formed with various particles and constructions. There is a third form, the preterite, which in Armenian is a tense in its own right, and takes no other particles or constructions.  (See also [[Armenian verbs]] and [[Eastern Armenian verb table]] for more detailed information.)

The present tense in Eastern Armenian is based on two [[Grammatical conjugation|conjugations]] ('''a, e'''). In Eastern Armenian, the distinct conjugations in ''e'' and ''i'' merged as ''e''.
{| width=100%
|- valign=top
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/linɛl/}}
<br>'to be'
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛl'''/}}
<br>'to love'
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑl'''/}}
<br>'to read'
|- valign=bottom
| ''present participle''
|
|  | {{IPA|/siɾ'''um'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''um'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/jɛs/}} (I)
| {{IPA|/ɛm/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛm'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑm'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/du/}} (you. sg)
| {{IPA|/ɛs/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛs'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑs'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/nɑ/}} (he/she/it)
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''i'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑ'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/mɛnkʰ/}} (we)
| {{IPA|/ɛnkʰ/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛnkʰ'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑnkʰ'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/dukʰ/}} (you.pl)
| {{IPA|/ɛkʰ/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛkʰ'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑkʰ'''/}}
|- valign=bottom
| {{IPA|/nɾɑnkʰ/}} (they)
| {{IPA|/ɛn/}}
| {{IPA|/siɾ'''ɛn'''/}}
| {{IPA|/kɑɾd'''ɑn'''/}}
|}

The present tense (as we know it in English) is made by adding the present tense of ''linel'' after the present participle form of the verb:

{{IPA|/jɛs kɑɾdum ɛm ɡiɾkʰə/}} (I am reading the book)
<br>{{IPA|/jɛs siɾum ɛm ɑjd ɡiɾkʰə/}} (I love that book)

==See also==
* [[Armenian language]]
* [[Armenian verbs]]
* [[Eastern Armenian verb table]]
* [[Western Armenian language]]
* [[Western Armenia]]
* [[Eastern Armenia]]
* [[Language families and languages]]
* [[IETF language tag]]:hy

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==

* [[Dora Sakayan]]. (2007) ''Eastern Armenian for the English-speaking World. A Contrastive Approach (with CD-ROM)''. Yerevan State University Press. {{ISBN|5808408903}}

==External links==
* [https://arak29.org/gotoroot/eastern-modern-armenian/ Arak29 Eastern Armenian]
* [https://arak29.org/gotoroot/western-modern-armenian/ Arak29 Western Armenian]
* [https://arak29.org/online-dictionaries/ Arak29 On-Line Dictionaries]

'''Eastern Armenian Online Dictionaries'''
* [http://www.nayiri.com/ Nayiri.com] (Library of Armenian dictionaries):
** [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=6 Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (ՀԱՅԵՐԷՆ ԲԱՑԱՏՐԱԿԱՆ ԲԱՌԱՐԱՆ) by [[Stepan Malkhasiants]] (about 130,000 entries).  Written in traditional Armenian orthography.  One of the definitive Armenian dictionaries.
** [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=29 Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱԿԻՑ ՀԱՅՈՑ ԼԵԶՎԻ ԲԱՑԱՏՐԱԿԱՆ ԲԱՌԱՐԱՆ) published by the Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences between 1969 and 1980. In Eastern Armenian, reformed orthography (about 125,000 headwords).
** [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=24 Modern Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (ԱՐԴԻ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆԻ ԲԱՑԱՏՐԱԿԱՆ ԲԱՌԱՐԱՆ) by [[Edward Aghayan|Eduard Aghayan]] (about 135,600 headwords). In Eastern Armenian and reformed orthography.
** [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=25 Armenian Language Thesaurus] (ՀԱՅՈՑ ԼԵԶՎԻ ՀՈՄԱՆԻՇՆԵՐԻ ԲԱՌԱՐԱՆ) by [[Ashot Sukiasyan]] (about 83,000 entries). In Eastern Armenian and reformed orthography.

{{Armenian language}}
{{Languages of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

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