View source for East Java

{{Short description|Province in Java, Indonesia}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2020}}<!-- Please do not change it -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<!-- Please do not change it -->
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = East Java
| type               = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| native_name        = {{lang|id|Jawa Timur}}
| official_name      = Province of East Java<br>{{nobold|{{lang|id|Provinsi Jawa Timur}}}}
| image_map          = East Java in Indonesia.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = {{Centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''East Java''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Indonesia]]'''}}
| coordinates        = {{Coord|7.7|S|112.5|E|region:ID-JI_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of East Java.svg
| image_flag         = <!-- Flag was removed (vectorised) as per a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia/Archive 9#Province infobox photos.svg..|consensus]] at WikiProject Indonesia -->
| shield_size        = 90px
| flag_size          = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Java]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 25 February 1950
| seat_type          = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat               = [[Surabaya]]
| motto              = {{lang|kaw|Jer Basuki Mawa Beya}} ([[Old Javanese language|Old Javanese]]) <br> ꦗꦼꦂꦧꦱꦸꦏꦶꦩꦮꦧꦺꦪ <br>"Success Requires Sacrifice"
| government_footnotes = 
| governing_body     = East Java Provincial Government
| leader_title       = [[Governor of East Java|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Khofifah Indar Parawansa]] ([[National Awakening Party|PKB]])
| leader_title2      = Vice Governor
| leader_name2       = [[Emil Dardak]]
| leader_title3      = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name3       = [[East Java Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 48036.84
| area_rank          = [[Provinces of Indonesia|14th in Indonesia]]
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 41814499
| population_as_of   = mid 2024 estimate
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = [[Provinces of Indonesia|2nd in Indonesia]]
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Ethnic groups]] {{nobold|(2010)}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web |url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010 |website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|format=PDF|accessdate=17 October 2021 |pages=23, 36-41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| timezone1          = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Western Time]]
| utc_offset1        = +7
| geocode            = 
| iso_code           = ID-JI
| website            = {{URL|jatimprov.go.id}}
| footnotes          = 
| elevation_max_m    = 3676
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Semeru]]
| demographics1_info1 = 80.69% [[Javanese people|Javanese]]<br>17.53% [[Madurese people|Madurese]]<br>0.66% [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]<br>1.12% [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|others]]
| demographics1_title2 = [[Religion in Indonesia|Religion]] {{nobold|(2022)}}<ref name="RELIGION">{{cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]|date=31 August 2022|access-date=29 October 2023|language=id}}</ref>
| demographics1_info2 = 97.26% [[Islam in Indonesia|Islam]]
{{Tree list}}
*2.3% [[Christianity in Indonesia|Christianity]]
** 1.64% [[Protestantism in Indonesia|Protestantism]]
** 0.66% [[Catholicism in Indonesia|Catholicism]]
{{Tree list/end}}
0.25% [[Hinduism in Java|Hinduism]]<br>0.17% [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]]<br>0.02% [[Religion in Indonesia|other]] (including [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]], [[Kejawèn]], [[Kapitayan]], etc.)
| demographics1_title3 = [[Languages of Indonesia|Languages and dialects]]
| demographics1_info3 =[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (official)<br>[[Javanese language|Javanese]] (native)<br>[[Madurese language|Madurese]]<br>[[Osing language|Osing]]<br>[[Tengger language|Tenggerese]]<br>[[Kangean language|Kangean]]
| blank_name         = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal)
| blank_info         = 2022<ref name="bpsdata2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/52/286/1/-seri-2010-produk-domestik-regional-bruto-.html |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = &nbsp;- Total
| blank1_info        = [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 2,730.9&nbsp;trillion ([[List of Indonesian provinces by GDP|2nd]])<br>[[USD|US$]] 183.9&nbsp;billion<br>[[Int$]]  573.9&nbsp;billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank2_name        = &nbsp;- Per capita
| blank2_info        = [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 66.37&nbsp;million ([[List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita|11th]])<br>[[USD|US$]]&nbsp;4,469<br>[[Int$]]  13,946&nbsp;([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank3_name        = &nbsp;- Growth
| blank3_info        = {{Increase}} 5.34%<ref name="bappenas2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |author-link=Ministry of National Development Planning (Indonesia) |year=2023 |title=Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan |url=https://simreg.bappenas.go.id/home/pemantauan/lpe |publisher=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
| blank4_name        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024)
| blank4_info        = {{increase}} 0.754<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/11/15/2296/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2024-mencapai-75-02--meningkat-0-63-poin-atau-0-85-persen-dibandingkan-tahun-sebelumnya-yang-sebesar-74-39-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]]|date=2024|language=id|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref> ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index|12th]]) – <span style=color:#090>high</span>
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
}}

'''East Java''' ({{langx|id|Jawa Timur}}, {{langx|jv|ꦙꦮꦶꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀|Jawi Wétan}}, {{langx|mad|Jhâbâ Tèmor}}) is a [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[Indonesia]] located in the easternmost third of [[Java]] island. It has a land border only with the province of [[Central Java]] to the west; the [[Java Sea]] and the [[Indian Ocean]] border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow [[Bali Strait]] to the east separates Java from [[Bali]] by around {{convert|2.29|km|mi}}. Located in eastern [[Java (island)|Java]], the province also includes the island of [[Madura Island|Madura]] (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the [[Suramadu Bridge]]), as well as the [[Kangean Islands|Kangean islands]] and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern [[Bali Sea]]) and the [[Masalembu Islands|Masalembu]] archipelago to the north. Its capital is [[Surabaya]], the [[Largest cities in Indonesia|second largest city in Indonesia]], a major industrial center and also a major business center. [[Banyuwangi]] is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/08/28/46/luas-wilayah-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-jawa-timur-2016.html |title=BPS Provinsi Jawa Timur |website=jatim.bps.go.id |language=en |access-date=2018-09-18 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409021013/https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/08/28/46/luas-wilayah-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-jawa-timur-2016.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The province covers a land area of {{convert|48036.84|km2}}, and according to the [[2010 Indonesian census|2010 Census]], there were 37,476,757 people residing there,<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> making it [[Indonesia]]'s second-most-populous province; the [[2020 Indonesian census|2020 Census]] showed an increase to 40,665,696 people,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> while the official estimate for mid 2024 was 41,914,499 (comprising 20,848,660 males and 20,965,880 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref> Almost a quarter of the population lives inside the [[Greater Surabaya]] metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |url-status=live }}</ref> East Java is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, such as the [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Madurese people|Madurese]] and [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]. Most of the people in East Java adhere to [[Islam]], forming around 94% of the total population. Other religions are also practiced, such as [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Confucianism]] which are mostly practised by [[Chinese Indonesians|Tionghoa]] people and immigrants from [[Eastern Indonesia]] and [[North Sumatra]], and also [[Hinduism]] which are practised by the [[Tenggerese people]] in the [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] and the [[Balinese people]] inhabiting the easternmost part of the province bordering [[Bali]] as well as the dominant minority [[Indian Indonesians]] in [[Surabaya]] city.

The [[Indonesian language]] is the official language of the province as well as the [[Indonesia|whole nation]], but [[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Madurese language|Madurese]] are most frequently used, especially the Surabaya dialect ([[Javanese language|Javanese]]: {{lang|jv|Suroboyoan}} or {{lang|id|Surabayaan}} — the Javanese dialect of [[Surabaya]]) used mainly in the capital [[Surabaya]]. [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] is only used for inter-ethnic communication and official purposes.

East Java offers different types of tourist attractions. There are a variety of natural attractions, including mountains, beaches, caves, and waterfalls. Almost every regency or city in East Java has its own unique tourist destinations, such as the [[Ijen]] volcano in [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[Baluran National Park]] in [[Situbondo Regency|Situbondo]], and [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] in [[Malang Regency|Malang]], [[Pasuruan Regency|Pasuruan]], [[Lumajang Regency|Lumajang]], and [[Probolinggo Regency|Probolinggo]].

== History ==
=== Prehistory ===
East Java has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times. This was proven by the discovery of fossils remains of the ''[[Mojokerto child|Pithecanthropus mojokertensis]]'' in Kepuhlagen, [[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]];<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvPLCgAAQBAJ&q=The+Palaeolithic+Settlement+of+Asia |title=The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia |last=Dennell |first=Robin |author-link=Robin Dennell |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-84866-4 |location=[[Cambridge]] |pages=155 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511818882 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012152/https://books.google.com/books?id=YvPLCgAAQBAJ&q=The+Palaeolithic+Settlement+of+Asia |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Java Man|Pithecanthropus erectus]]'' on [[Trinil]], [[Ngawi Regency|Ngawi]];<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/J/bo3613841.html |title=Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution |last1=Curtis |first1=Garniss |author-link=Garniss Curtis |last2=Lewin |first2=Roger |author-link2=Roger Lewin |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-226-78734-3 |location=[[Chicago]] |pages=70 |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232537/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/J/bo3613841.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[Wajak crania|Homo wajakensis]]'' in Wajak, [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The evolutionary significance of the Wadjak skulls |last=Storm |first=Paul |publisher=[[Naturalis Biodiversity Center|Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum]] |year=1995 |location=[[Leiden]]}}</ref>

=== Hindu-Buddhist era ===
{{see also | Hinduism in Southeast Asia | Buddhism in Southeast Asia | Hinduism in Indonesia | Buddhism in Indonesia | Greater India | Mandala (political model) }}
[[File:Kertolo Statue 5136 (310d).jpg|left|170px|thumb|[[Gadjah Mada]] is a warlord and {{lang|jv|Mahapatih}} (Prime Minister) who was very influential during the [[Majapahit Empire]].]]

The Dinoyo inscriptions found near the city of [[Malang]] are the oldest written sources in East Java, dating from 760 CE. It tells of many political and cultural events in the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan. The name Malang is thought to come from the name of a sacred building called Malangkuseswara. This name is contained in the [[Mantyasih inscription]] written in 907 CE.

In 1222, [[Ken Arok]] founded the [[Singhasari|Kingdom of Singhasari]], which he ruled until 1292. Before coming to power, Ken Arok seized power in Tumapel ([[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]) from Tungul Ametung. Ken Arok's descendants became kings of [[Singhasari]] and [[Majapahit]] from the 13th until the 15th century.

In 1227, [[Anusapati]] killed Ken Arok, and later became king of Singhasari. Anusapati's power only lasted 20 years, before he was killed by Tohjaya. Three years later, Tohjaya was killed in an uprising led by Jaya Wisnuwardhana, son of Anusapati. In 1268, Wisnuwardhana died, and he was succeeded by [[Kertanegara of Singhasari|Kertanegara]] (1268–1292). In 1292 Kertanegara was defeated by a rebel named Jayakatwang, ending the Singhasari.

In 1293, [[Kublai Khan]], founder of the [[Yuan dynasty]], sent a large invasion fleet to Java with 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers, beginning the [[Mongol invasion of Java]].<ref>{{citation |last=Weatherford |first=Jack |title=Genghis khan and the making of the modern world |page=239 |year=2004 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-609-80964-4}}</ref> This was a [[punitive expedition]] against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the [[Mongols]].

In 1294, the [[Majapahit|Kingdom of Majapahit]] was founded by [[Raden Wijaya]]. The Majapahit reached its peak during the reign of [[Hayam Wuruk]]. He was accompanied by the ''Mahapatih'' [[Gajah Mada]]. Together they managed to unite the archipelago under the name Dwipantara. Majapahit developed to become one of the strongest empires in Southeast Asia.

In 1357, the [[Battle of Bubat]] occurred, starting a war between the [[Sunda Kingdom]] and the Majapahit. The event stemmed from the desire of king Hayam Wuruk to take a [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] princess. Dyah Pitaloka as queen. However, because of a misunderstanding about the procedure of marriage, leading to a battle in Bubat. Majapahit troops, under the command of Gajah Mada, captured and killed the present Members of the Royal Family of [[Pajajaran]]. In 1389, Hayam Wuruk died, and was succeeded by [[Wikramawardhana]]. This resulted in the beginning of the decline of the Majapahit Empire. As the Majapahit Empire went into decline in the late 1300s, Islam moved to fill the vacuum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Java|title=East Java {{!}} province, Indonesia|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426212614/https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Java|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Islamic era ===
{{Main|Spread of Islam in Indonesia}}

[[File:Ampel Mosque in 2008.jpg|thumb|The [[Ampel Mosque]] in [[Surabaya]], the [[List of the oldest mosques|oldest surviving mosque]] in [[Java]] and second oldest in [[Indonesia]], was built in 1421]]

The precise date when Islam entered Java remains unclear. This is due to the absence of a definite source regarding the arrival of Islam in Java. However, according to some experts{{Like whom?|{{subst:August 2020}}|date=August 2020}}, it is estimated that Islam entered Java around the 11th century, with the tomb of Fatimah Binti Maimun in the village of Leran in [[Gresik Regency]] which dates from 475 AH (1085 AD). The tomb also shows that by the 11th century, the North coast of Java had been frequented by [[Arabs|Arab]] traders from the Middle East. In addition, several Islamic tombs were discovered in [[Trowulan]], located in what is now part of the [[Mojokerto Regency]], near the site of the former Majapahit palace.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-40319665 |title=Arkeolog dan ahli naskah tanggapi klaim Majapahit sebagai kerajaan Islam |last=Affan |first=Heyder |date=2017-06-19 |access-date=2019-03-01 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302033140/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-40319665 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 15th century, a Chinese [[Hui people|Hui]] voyager named [[Ma Huan]] visited East Java. He then wrote the book ''[[Yingya Shenglan]]'', which tells the story of the countries he visited over the course of the [[Ming treasure voyages]]. He mentioned that at that time, there were three different peoples inhabiting Eastern Java: Arabs from the Middle East, the ancestor of the modern [[Arab Indonesians]]; Chinese Muslims originating from modern-day [[Guangdong]] province, and the native [[Javanese people]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan |publisher=Ma Huan, Translated from the Chinese text edited by Feng Ch’eng-Chün with introduction, notes and appendices by J. V. G. Mills |year=1433 |pages=138}}</ref>

By the 16th century, the Majapahit Empire was defeated by Islamic kingdoms in Java, resulting in the exile of many Majapahit aristocrats to the neighbouring island of [[Bali]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3btDAAAQBAJ&q=majapahit+kabur+ke+bali&pg=PA57 |title=Muslim Bali: Mencari Kembali Harmoni yang Hilang |last=Mashad |first=Dhurorudin |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Pustaka Al Kautsar |isbn=9789795926665 |language=id |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012210/https://books.google.com/books?id=P3btDAAAQBAJ&q=majapahit+kabur+ke+bali&pg=PA57 |url-status=live }}</ref> Those who remained in Java were forced to convert to Islam, while a small pocket of isolated people living in the [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] spread around [[Pasuruan Regency|Pasuruan]], [[Probolinggo Regency|Probolinggo]], [[Malang Regency|Malang]], and [[Lumajang Regency|Lumajang]] [[Regencies of Indonesia|Regencies]] remains adhered to [[Hinduism]] to this day. They are known as the [[Tenggerese people]]. Their population of roughly 100,000 is centered in 30 villages in the isolated Tengger mountains.<ref>{{cite book |author=James Minahan |title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia |year=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-660-7}}</ref>

When Islamic sultanates started ruling Java, cities in the northern coast started developing, becoming thriving ports. One of them was the town of [[Tuban]], which was a wealthy and important port with many Chinese settlers. Being a port of the Majapahit and the point of departure for the [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]], it exported an abundant supply of foodstuffs and imported a rich variety of products from the Moluccas.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Yingya Shenglan |publisher=Ma Huan, Translated from the Chinese text edited by Feng Ch’eng-Chün with introduction, notes and appendices by J. V. G. Mills |year=1970 |pages=89}}</ref> At the end of the 16th century, Islam had surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in Java. At first, the spread of Islam was very rapid and was accepted by ordinary people, until the [[da'wah]] entered and it was carried out by the rulers of the island.

=== European colonization ===
The relationship between the Javanese and European colonial powers began in 1522, with the signing of a treaty between the Sunda Kingdom and the [[Portuguese Empire]] in [[Malacca]]. After the failure of the treaty, the Portuguese presence was then limited to Malacca in the [[Malay Peninsula]] and the [[Maluku Islands]]. An expedition under the leadership of the Dutch explorer [[Cornelis de Houtman]] consisting of four ships in 1596 became the beginning of Dutch presence in the island.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500–1700 |author=Ames, Glenn J. |year=2008 |page=99}}</ref> At the end of the 18th century, the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] had succeeded in expanding their influence on the Islamic sultanates in the interior of the island of Java.

At the onset of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the [[Invasion of Java (1811)|British conquered Java]] in 1811. Java briefly became part of the [[British Empire]], with Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] as its Governor-General. In 1814, Britain returned Java to the Netherlands as stipulated in the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Coins And Tokens Of The Possessions And Colonies Of The British Empire |last=Atkins |first=James |publisher=Quaritch, Bernard |year=1889 |location=London |pages=213}}</ref>

=== Japanese occupation and revolution ===
[[File:Surabaya, Netherlands East Indies, under attack, 17 May 1944 (NNAM.1996.488.024.025).jpg|thumb|[[Operation Transom]], destroyed [[Port of Tanjung Perak|Tanjung Perak]] in 1944]]
During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]], there was persistent resistance against the Japanese rule. In [[Blitar]], an uprising by ''[[Defenders of the Homeland|Pembela Tanah Air]]'' (PETA) led by [[Supriyadi]], Moeradi, Halir Mangkudijoyo, and Soemarto occurred in early 1945, but it was crushed by the Japanese.

Two weeks after the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|proclamation of independence]], [[Surabaya]] established its own government under, [[Sudirman|Raden Sudirman]]. The formation of government in Surabaya caused disputes between the republican forces and Japanese troops, resulting in various skirmishes across the city. This was because when the Japanese surrendered, they were obliged to remain in power until the allied forces arrived. The arrival of allied forces in Surabaya created tensions with the newly established government of Indonesia, reaching peak on 10 November 1945 where a major [[Battle of Surabaya|battle]] between the Surabayan residents led by [[Sutomo]] and allied forces.

The battle forced the governor, Suryo, on the advice of People's Security Army (TKR), to move the seat of the government to [[Mojokerto]]. A week later, the government retreated again to a more secure location in Kediri. However, security situation Kediri worsen until finally, in February 1947, the East Java provincial government fled to Malang. While the administration was based in Malang, Governor [[Ario Soerjo|Soerjo]] was replaced by R.P. Suroso, who was in turn replaced again by Dr. Moerdjani. On 21 July 1947, although still bound by the [[Linggadjati Agreement]], a ceasefire agreement in effect since 14 October 1946, the Dutch commenced a military action, [[Operation Product]], which led to deteriorating security conditions in Malang. The East Java provincial government moved again to Blitar.

This military action ended after the [[Renville Agreement]]. However, this agreement reduced the territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new federal states, the [[State of Madura]] and the [[State of East Java]]. Amid the difficulties faced by the government of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group, ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) launched [[Madiun Affair|rebellion in Madiun]] on 18 September 1948. However, eventually this revolt was defeated by the [[Indonesian Army]]. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched [[Operation Kraai]]. Blitar, the seat of the East Java provincial government was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of [[Mount Wilis]]. Operation Kraai ended after the [[Roem–Van Roijen Agreement]] on 7 May 1949.

Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]], at which the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the [[United States of Indonesia]], the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Java. East Java changed its status from a province into a state. However, on 25 February 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the [[Republic of Indonesia (1949–50)|Republic of Indonesia]]. The [[State of Madura]] also decided to join Indonesia.

=== Contemporary era ===
Along with rapid growth of urbanization in East Java, the governments could not satisfy the population's needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of [[shanty towns]] along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into "better" housing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/02/10/ol4fs9284-kota-malang-masih-hadapi-permukiman-kumuh |title=Kota Malang Masih Hadapi Permukiman Kumuh |date=2017-02-10 |website=Republika Online |language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316175230/https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/02/10/ol4fs9284-kota-malang-masih-hadapi-permukiman-kumuh|archive-date=2018-03-16|access-date=2019-02-20}}</ref>

East Java has twice hosted the [[National Sports Week (Indonesia)|Indonesian National Games]] ({{langx|id|Pekan Olahraga Nasional}}) (PON), the 7th (1969) and 15th PONs (2000), and became the overall champions in 2000 and 2008.

== Geography ==
[[File:The Beauty of Bromo Mountains.jpg|thumb|[[Eastern salient of Java|Eastern Salient of Java]] mountain range view from [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] at early morning]]

East Java province borders the [[Java Sea]] in the north, the [[Strait of Bali]] in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south, as well as the [[Central Java]] province in the west. The length of the east–west stretch of about 400&nbsp;km. The width of the stretch of the north–south in the west about 200&nbsp;km, but in the eastern part of narrower by about 60&nbsp;km. [[Madura]] is the largest island in East Java, separated from the mainland Java by the [[Strait of Madura]]. [[Bawean Island]] is located about 150&nbsp;km north of Java. In the east of Madura there are clusters of islands, the easternmost are the [[Kangean Islands]] and the northernmost are the [[Masalembu Islands]]. Off the south coast of Java there are two small islands namely [[Nusa Barong]] and [[Sempu (island)|Sempu Island]].

=== Geology ===
In physiographic of geology, East Java Province can be grouped into three zones: the southern zone (plato), the middle zone (volcanic), and the northern zone (folds). Lowlands and highlands in the middle (of Ngawi, Blitar, Malang, to Bondowoso) has a fairly fertile soil. In the northern part ( Bojonegoro, Tuban, Gresik, to Madura Island) lies the Kapur Utara mountains and the Kendeng mountains which are relatively barren.

In the middle of the province stretch mountain ranges and volcanoes: On the border with Central Java is [[Mount Lawu]] (3,265 metres). Southeast from Madiun is [[Mount Wilis]] (2,169 metres), and Mount Liman (2,563 metres). In the middle of the corridor lies the Anjasmoro mountains with peaks [[Arjuno-Welirang|Mount Arjuno]] (3,339 metres), Mount Welirang (3,156 metres), Mount Anjasmoro (2,277 metres), Mount Kawi (2,551 metres), and [[Mount Kelud]] (1,731 metres); The mountains are located in most Kediri, Blitar, Malang, Pasuruan, Mojokerto and Jombang. The group has the peak of Mount Bromo Tengger (2,329 metres), and Mount Semeru (3,676 metres). [[Mount Semeru]], which is also called Mahameru is the highest mountain in the island of Java. In the easternmost part if the province, there are two groups of mountains: the Iyang mountains with the peak Mount Argopuro (3,088 metres), the Ijen mountains with the peak [[Mount Raung]] (3344 metres) In the south there is a series of hills, that of the south coast of Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang. the Kapur Selatan mountains is a continuation of a series of the Sewu mountains in Yogyakarta.

=== Water ===
[[File:Frost at Ranu Pani on 4 August 2018 by Susanto Tan.jpg|thumb|[[Classifications of snow|Light snow]] and [[frost]] are common at East Java highlands over 2,000 [[Metres above sea level|meters above sea level]] in middle of year during late night until morning]]

Two of the most important rivers in East Java are the [[Brantas River]] (290&nbsp;kilometres), and the [[Solo River]] (548&nbsp;kilometers). The Brantas River has headwaters on the slopes Mount Arjuno near Batu, and flows through most areas in East Java, like Malang, Blitar, Tulungagung, Kediri, Jombang and Mojokerto. In Mojokerto, the Brantas River split into two: [[Kali Mas]], and Porong; both empty into the Madura Strait. The Solo River has headwaters on the slopes of Mount Lawu which lies on the border between East Java and Central Java, and flows through a portion of the eastern part of Central Java and East Java, which eventually empties into the sea at Gresik. The Brantas River and Bengawan Solo are managed by Perum Jasa Tirta I. On the slopes of Mount Lawu near the border with Central Java are Sarangan, a natural lake. The main dam in East Java, among others Ir. Sutami and Selorejo Dam, which is used for irrigation, fish farming and tourism.

=== Climate ===
East Java has a [[Tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] and [[Tropical savanna climate|savanna]] climate at lower elevation and [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|subtropical at higher elevation]]. Compared with the western part of Java Island, East Java in general has less rainfall. Average rainfall is 1,900&nbsp;mm per year, with a rainy season during the 100 days. The average temperature ranges between 19–34&nbsp;°C. Temperatures in the lower mountain areas, and even in areas Ranu Pani (slopes of Mount Semeru), temperatures can reach –4&nbsp;°C, causing a frost and fall of light snow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/id-id/travel/ideperjalanan/12-fakta-ranupani-desa-di-kaki-semeru-yang-suhu-udaranya-saat-ini-capai-minus-4-derajat-celcius/ar-BBL4Cmv |title=12 Fakta Ranupani, Desa di Kaki Semeru yang Suhu Udaranya Saat Ini Capai Minus 4 Derajat Celcius |website=MSN |language=id-ID |access-date=2018-09-26 |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205658/https://www.msn.com/id-id/travel/ideperjalanan/12-fakta-ranupani-desa-di-kaki-semeru-yang-suhu-udaranya-saat-ini-capai-minus-4-derajat-celcius/ar-BBL4Cmv |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Government and administrative divisions ==
: {{See also|Subdivisions of Indonesia|Districts of East Java}}
[[File:Sub-region of East Java.png|center|frameless|1024x1024px|Sub-region of East Java]]
[[File:East_Java_Province.png|thumb|2nd-level Administrative map of East Java Province]]
East Java is divided into 29 [[Regencies of Indonesia|kabupaten]] (or regencies), and 9 [[Cities of Indonesia|kotamadya]] (or cities). This division has remained unchanged since the creation of the province, except for the creation of the new city of '''Batu''' on 21 June 2001 (by separation from Malang Regency). These regencies and cities with their areas and populations at the 2000, 2010<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011"/> and 2020<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2024,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref> are listed below, grouped geographically into five (unofficial) sub-regions entirely for convenience of access. The sub-regions have no official status. These regencies and cities are divided as at 2023 into 666 districts (''kecamatan'') which are in turn composed of 8,494 administrative villages (rural ''desa'' and urban ''kelurahan''):

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Region <br>Code
!Name of<br>City or<br>Regency
![[Regency seat|Seat]]
!Area
(km<sup>2</sup>)
!Pop'n
2000<br>Census
!Pop'n
2010<br>Census
!Pop'n
2020<br>Census
!Pop'n
mid 2024<br>Estimate
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bappenas.go.id/download.php?id=8975 |title=Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2014 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110235217/http://bappenas.go.id/download.php?id=8975 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2014 estimate
|-
| 35.01
|[[Pacitan Regency]]
|[[Pacitan]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1433.59}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 525758}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 540881}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 586110}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 588569}}
|0.638 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.02
|[[Ponorogo Regency]]
|[[Ponorogo]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1418.62}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 841449}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 855281}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 949318}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 962941}}
|0.674 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.03
|[[Trenggalek Regency]]
|[[Trenggalek]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1249.23}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 649883}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 674411}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 731125}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 744516}}
|0.661 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.04
|[[Tulungagung Regency]]
|[[Tulungagung]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1144.53}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 929833}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 990158}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1089775}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1113847}}
|0.694 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.05
|[[Blitar Regency]]
|Kanigoro
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1745.16}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1064643}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1116639}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1223745}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1263645}}
|0.668 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.72
| colspan="2" |[[Blitar]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 33.20}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 119372}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 131968}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 149149}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 154867}}
|0.752 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.06
|[[Kediri Regency]]
|Ngasem
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1523.56}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1408353}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1499768}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1635294}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1689916}}
|0.684 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.71
| colspan="2" |[[Kediri (city)|Kediri City]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 67.23}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 244519}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 268507}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 286796}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 298227}}
|0.746 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.07
|[[Malang Regency]]
|[[Kepanjen]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 3473.44}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2412570}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2446218}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2654448}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2735993}}
|0.655 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.73
| colspan="2" |[[Malang]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 111.08}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 756982}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 820243}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 843810}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 872694}}
|0.789 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.79
| colspan="2" |[[Batu (city)|Batu City]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 194.17}}
| align="right" |<sup>(a)</sup>
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 190184}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 213046}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 222685}}
|0.718 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Southern region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 12393.81}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8953362}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 9534258}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 10362616}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 10647900}}'''''
|-
| 35.08
|[[Lumajang Regency]]
|[[Lumajang]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1797.10}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 965192}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1006458}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1119251}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1145849}}
|0.623 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.09
|[[Jember Regency]]
|[[Jember]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 3313.46}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2187657}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2332726}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2536729}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2603817}}
|0.626 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.10
|[[Banyuwangi Regency]]
|[[Banyuwangi]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 3592.90}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1488791}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1556078}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1708114}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1754393}}
|0.673 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.11
|[[Bondowoso Regency]]
|[[Bondowoso]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1554.99}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 688651}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 736772}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 776151}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 792309}}
|0.634 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.12
|[[Situbondo Regency]]
|[[Situbondo]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1653.72}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 603705}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 647619}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 685967}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 700719}}
|0.639 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.13
|[[Probolinggo Regency]]
|[[Kraksaan]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1724.51}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1004967}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1096244}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1152537}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1185242}}
|0.630 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.74
| colspan="2" |[[Probolinggo]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 54.68}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 191522}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 217062}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 239649}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 249539}}
|0.704 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Tapal Kuda ("horseshoe")/Eastern region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 13691.36}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7130485}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7592959}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8218398}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8431868}}'''''
|-
| 35.78
| colspan="2" |[[Surabaya]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 350.6}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2599796}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2765487}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2874314}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2921996}}
|0.788 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.25
|[[Gresik Regency]] (includes [[Bawean]] Island)
|[[Gresik]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1256.36}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1005445}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1177042}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1311215}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1364019}}
|0.728 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.24
|[[Lamongan Regency]]
|[[Lamongan]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1752.71}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1181660}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1179059}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1344165}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1378147}}
|0.694 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.16
|[[Mojokerto Regency]]
|Mojosari
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 984.64}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 908004}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1025443}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1119209}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1154257}}
|0.702 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.76
| colspan="2" |[[Mojokerto]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 20.22}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 108938}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 120196}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 132434}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 137393}}
|0.750 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.14
|[[Pasuruan Regency]]
|[[Bangil]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1493.29}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1366605}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1512468}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1605969}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1657216}}
|0.643 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.75
| colspan="2" |[[Pasuruan]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 39.00}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 168323}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 186262}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 208006}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 219392}}
|0.732 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.15
|[[Sidoarjo Regency]]
|[[Sidoarjo]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 724.04}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1563015}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1941497}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2082801}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2171480}}
|0.767 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Surabaya region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 6606.19}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8901786}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 9907454}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 10678224}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 11003900}}'''''
|-
| 35.22
|[[Bojonegoro Regency]]
|[[Bojonegoro]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2312.63}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1165401}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1209973}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1301635}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1325299}}
|0.652 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.17
|[[Jombang Regency]]
|[[Jombang, Jombang|Jombang]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1109.84}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1126930}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1202407}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1318062}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1362697}}
|0.690 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.19
|[[Madiun Regency]]
|Caruban
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1113.63}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 639825}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 662278}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 744350}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 757839}}
|0.686 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.77
| colspan="2" |[[Madiun]] City
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 36.13}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 163956}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 170964}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 195175}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 201767}}
|0.788 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.20
|[[Magetan Regency]]
|[[Magetan]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 706.44}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 615254}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 620442}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 670812}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 685500}}
|0.702 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 35.18
|[[Nganjuk Regency]]
|[[Nganjuk]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1289.07}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 973472}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1017030}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1103902}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1131777}}
|0.695 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.21
|[[Ngawi Regency]]
|[[Ngawi (town)|Ngawi]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1395.80}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 813228}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 817765}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 870057}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 884086}}
|0.677 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.23
|[[Tuban Regency]]
|[[Tuban]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1973.50}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1051999}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1118464}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1198012}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1225205}}
|0.645 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Northwest region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 9937.04}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 6550065}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 6819323}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7402005}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7574170}}'''''
|-
| colspan="3" | '''East Java (excluding Madura) totals'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 42628.39}}'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 31535693}}'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 33853994}}'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 36661132}}'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 37657838}}'''
|-
| 35.26
|[[Bangkalan Regency]]
|[[Bangkalan]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1301.03}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 805048}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 906761}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1060377}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1102522}}
|0.607 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.27
|[[Sampang Regency]]
|[[Sampang (city)|Sampang]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1228.25}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 750046}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 877772}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 969694}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1016254}}
|0.569 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.28
|[[Pamekasan Regency]]
|[[Pamekasan]]
| align="right" | {{formatnum:795.15}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 689225}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 795918}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 850057}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 884697}}
|0.626 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 35.29
|[[Sumenep Regency]]
|[[Sumenep]]
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 2084.02}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 985981}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1042312}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1124436}}
| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1153188}}
|0.614 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Madura region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 5408.45}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 3230300}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 3622763}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 4004564}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 4156661}}'''''
|-
| colspan="3" | '''''Total for all regions'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 48036.84}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 34765993}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 37476757}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 40665696}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 41814499}}'''''
|0.681 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|}

Note: (a) the 2000 population of Batu City is included in the total for Malang Regency, from which it was separated on 21 June 2001.

The province comprises eleven of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the [[Indonesian Parliament|People's Representative Council]].<ref>Law No. 7/2017 (''UU No. 7 Tahun 2017'') as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.</ref> The province's 87 elected members are comprised as follows:
* The '''East Java I Electoral District''' consists of the regency of Sidoarjo and the city of Surabaya, and elects 10 members to the People's Representative Council.  
* The '''East Java II Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, together with the cities of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, and elects 7 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java III Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Banyuwangi, Bondowoso and Situbondo, and elects 7 members to the People's Representative Council.
* The '''East Java IV Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Lumajang and Jember, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java V Electoral District''' consists of the regency of Malang, together with the cities of Batu and Malang, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java VI Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Blitar, Kediri and Tulungagung, together with the cities of Blitar and Kediri, and elects 9 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java VII Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Magetan and Ngawi, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java VIII Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Mojokerto, Jombang, Nganjuk and Madiun, together with the cities of Madiun and Mojokerto, and elects 10 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java IX Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Bojonegoro and Tuban, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java X Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Gresik and Lamongan, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. 
* The '''East Java XI Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Bangkalan, Pamekasan, Sampang and Sumenep (all on Madura Island), and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council.

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1971|25516999|1980|29188852|1990|32503991|1995|33844002|2000|34783640|2010|37476757|2015|38828061|2020|40665696|2023|41527930|type=|footnote=Source: [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] 2011, 2021 and 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref>}} According to the 2000 [[census]], East Java had 34,765,993 people, which increased to 37,476,757 people at the 2010 Census,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jawapos.com/halaman/index.php?act=detail&nid=151080 |title=Archived copy |website=jawapos.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211745/http://www.jawapos.com/halaman/index.php?act=detail&nid=151080 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and to 40,665,595 at the 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> making it the second most populous Indonesian province after [[West Java]]. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 41,527,930.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref>
Akin to [[Central Java]], the region's birth rates are not necessarily any lower than the rest of Java, however due to net population outflows, especially in times of calamity, not limited to volcanic eruptions or droughts, the region has varying rates of population growth that are generally lower than national average. Ethnic [[Javanese people|Javanese]] dominate the Java mainland as well as the total population of the province overall, while ethnic [[Madurese people|Madurese]] (include [[Bawean people|Bawean]]) inhabit Madura and the [[Kangean people|Kangean]] and Masalembu archipelagos, though centuries of migrations have led the Java mainland to have a larger proportion of Madurese people than Madura itself. Minorities include distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the [[Tenggerese people|Tengger]] people in the [[Mount Bromo]] region, and the [[Saminism Movement|Samin]] and the [[Osing people]] in [[Banyuwangi]]. East Java also hosts a significant population of foreign ethnic groups, such as [[Chinese Indonesian|Chinese]], Indians, and Arabs.

=== Ethnic and linguistic composition ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Ethnic Groups in East Java<ref name=census2010>{{Cite web |url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa, 2010 (PDF) |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Javanese people|Javanese]]
|value1 = 80.69
|color1 = Violet
|label2 = [[Madurese people|Madurese]]
|value2 = 17.53
|color2 = DarkRed
|label3 = [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]
|value3 = 0.66
|color3 = Red
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 1.12
|color4 = Black
}}
Besides the national language ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), the people of East Java predominantly use the [[Javanese language|Javanese]] in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Java (''Kulonan'') is a similar dialect to the one spoken in [[Central Java]], with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (especially the Mataram dialect spoken around [[Surakarta]] and [[Yogyakarta]], which is renowned for its smoothness) and contributes to the stereotype among Javanese people of East Javanese being "blunt" and "loud".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hipwee.com/hiburan/serba-serbi-kehidupan-yang-dialami-oleh-arek-arek-jowo-timur/ |title=Serba-Serbi Kehidupan yang Cuma Dialami Oleh Arek-Arek Jowo Timur |last=Karina |first=Ernia |date=2015-09-17 |work=Hipwee |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=id-ID |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205725/https://www.hipwee.com/hiburan/serba-serbi-kehidupan-yang-dialami-oleh-arek-arek-jowo-timur/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Variants of Javanese are also used by Osing and Tengger minorities, the former utilizing a [[Balinese language|Balinese]]-influenced Javanese by virtue of its closeness with Bali island, and the latter speaking an archaic form of the language that retains many features now lost in other more-innovative Javanese dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=213 |title=Profile of |last=Project |first=UCLA Language Materials |date=1600-12-31 |language=en|access-date=2018-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230065855/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=213|archive-date=2010-12-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Other than Javanese, minority language includes [[Madurese language|Madurese]], spoken by around 4&nbsp;million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting the [[Madura Island]]s; though they live practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more closer genetically to Balinese, and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |title=Madurese language |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=en |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926210011/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Religion===
{{further|Islam in East Java|Hinduism in Java}}
A long time ago, Hinduism and Buddhism dominated the island until [[Islam]] gradually [[The spread of Islam in Indonesia|supplanted Hinduism in the 14th and 15th century]]. The last nobles and people of the fallen [[Majapahit]] fled to [[Bali]]. Islam spread from northern cities in Java where many [[Muslim]] traders from [[Gujarat]], India stopped by. The eastern part of East Java, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, and the cities along the coast, and back to Banyuwangi to Jember, are known as the [[Eastern salient of Java|eastern salient]], or "''Kawasan Tapal Kuda''" (the Horseshoe Region).

A remnant of Hindu tradition and syncretic ''[[abangan]]'' exists because of Islamic and Hinduism acculturation in Java.<gallery>
File:Ampel_Mosque_in_2008.jpg|Islamic [[Ampel Mosque]], [[Surabaya]]
File:Kayutangan Street with Kayutangan Cathedral in the background, 2020 (cropped).jpg|Kayutangan [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church, Downtown [[Malang]]
File:Facade of East Java Christian Church, Mojowarno, Jombang, 2017-09-18.jpg|Traditional [[East Java Christian Church]], Mojowarno, [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]]
File:Bromo-s6-14-2b.jpg|Tengger ([[Hindu temple]]) Pura Luhur Poten, near [[Mount Bromo|Bromo]] Crater
File:001 Main Temple (25595087247).jpg|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Maha Vihara Mojopahit, [[Trowulan]], [[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]]
File:Inside Kwan Sing Bio Temple, Tuban, East Java, Indonesia.jpg|Kwan Sing Bio [[Chinese temple architecture|Chinese Temple]], [[Tuban Regency|Tuban]]
</gallery>

== Economy ==
{{Pie chart
| caption=East Java GDP share by sector (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/446036fbb58d36b009212dbc/provinsi-jawa-timur-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=Statistics Indonesia|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
| label1 = Agriculture
| value1 = 11.11
| color1 = Green
| label2 = Manufacturing
| value2 = 30.60
| color2 = DodgerBlue
| label3 = Other Industrial
| value3 = 13.78
| color3 = Yellow
| label4 = Service
| value4 = 44.51
| color4 = #800080
}}
[[File:Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya.jpg|thumb|[[Surabaya]] is one of the industrial, transportational, commercial, and financial center of Indonesia.]]
East Java is known as the hub and center economy of [[Regions of Indonesia|Central and Eastern Indonesia]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |title=Khofifah: Perekonomian Indonesia Timur bergantung Jawa Timur |last=antaranews.com |website=Antara News |date=7 May 2018 |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713035142/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |url-status=live }}</ref> and has a high economic significance, which contributes over 15% to the [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] of Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/06/39/pdrb-provinsi-jawa-timur-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-lapangan-usaha-sub-kategori-tahun-2010-2016-milyar-rupiah-.html |title=PDRB Provinsi Jawa Timur Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Lapangan Usaha (Sub Kategori) Tahun 2010–2016 (Milyar Rupiah) |website=jatim.bps.go.id |language=id|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref>

=== Industry ===
East Java has a number of large industries,<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/266117/kontribusi-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-jatim-didominasi-industri-pengolahan |title=Kontribusi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Jatim Didominasi Industri Pengolahan – ANTARA News Jawa Timur |last1=Ibrahim |first1=A. Malik |editor-last=Purnomo |editor-first=Slamet Hadi |website=Antara News |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202154327/https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/266117/kontribusi-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-jatim-didominasi-industri-pengolahan |url-status=live }}</ref> including the largest shipbuilding shipyard in Indonesia, [[PT PAL Indonesia|PT PAL]] in [[Surabaya]], military industrial by [[Pindad]] in [[Malang Regency|Southern Malang]], largest railway industry in Southeast Asia, [[Industri Kereta Api]] (INKA) in [[Madiun]], PT Tjiwi Kimia, a paper mill company based in [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], Kertas Leces based in [[Probolinggo]]); cigarette factories ([[Wismilak Group|Wismilak]] in Surabaya, [[Gudang Garam]] in [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[Sampoerna]] in Surabaya and [[Bentoel Group|Bentoel]] in Malang). In Gresik there are [[Semen Indonesia|Semen Gresik]], and [[Petrokimia Gresik]]. In [[Tuban]] there are the largest cement factories in Indonesia, namely Semen Indonesia (ex-Semen Gresik), and Semen Holcim and the Petrochemical Refinery Area. The government has established 12 industrial estate companies, including Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER) in Surabaya, Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) in Pasuruan Regency, Madiun Industrial Estate Balerejo (MIEB) in Madiun, Ngoro Industrial Park (NIP) in the Mojokerto Regency, Jabon Industrial Zone in Sidoarjo Regency, and Lamongan Integrated Shorebase (LIS) in [[Lamongan Regency]]. Small industrial centers are spread throughout the districts / cities, and some of them have penetrated exports; The leather craft industry in the form of bags and shoes at Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo is one of the very famous [[Small and medium-sized enterprises|small industries]].<ref name=":02" />

=== Energy and power plant ===
The Cepu Block, one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia, is refined in [[Bojonegoro Regency|Bojonegoro]]. The power plant in East Java is managed by PT Pembangkit Jawa Bali (PJB), which includes [[hydroelectricity]] power plant (Ir. Sutami, Selorejo, Bening), [[thermal power station]] in Paiton, [[Probolinggo Regency]]; which provides electricity to the Java-Bali system. Some regions develop [[Micro hydropower plant|micro hydro power plants]], and [[solar energy]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://geothermalindonesia.com/2017/02/20/daftar-pembangkit-listrik-di-indonesia/ |title=Daftar Pembangkit Listrik di Indonesia |last=Indonesia |first=Geothermal |date=2017-02-20 |website=Geothermal Indonesia |language=id|access-date=2019-02-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818142340/https://geothermalindonesia.com/2017/02/20/daftar-pembangkit-listrik-di-indonesia/|archive-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
=== Roads ===
[[File:Jalan Tol Surabaya-Porong B.jpg|thumb|208x208px|The Highway of [[Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road]]]]
East Java is crossed by several national roads as primary arterial roads, including the northern coastal national road or locally known as [[North Coast Road (Java)|''pantura'' road]] ([[Anyer]]-[[Jakarta]]-[[Semarang]]-[[Surabaya]]-[[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]]),<ref name="nas">{{cite conference |author=Peter Nas |title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos |book-title=In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=158 |issue=4 |pages=707–725 |year=2002 |url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |access-date=2007-10-25 |archive-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and inland national roads (Jakarta-[[Bandung]]-[[Yogyakarta]]-Surabaya). The expressway network in East Java covers the [[Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road|Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road]]; [[Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road|Gempol-Pandaan]]; [[Pandaan-Malang Toll Road|Pandaan-Malang]]; [[Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road|Gempol-Pasuruan]]; and [[Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road|Pasuruan-Probolinggo]] which connects the northern and middle East Java regions with the southern and [[Eastern salient of Java|eastern salient (''tapal kuda'')]], the [[Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road|Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road]] that connects the middle and southern East Java to the north, and the [[Surabaya–Mojokerto Toll Road|Surabaya-Mojokerto Toll Road]]; [[Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road|Mojokerto-Kertosono]]; and [[Solo-Kertosono Toll Road|Solo-Kertosono]] which connects [[Central Java]]. [[Suramadu Bridge]] that crosses the Madura Strait connects Surabaya and [[Madura Island]]. In the near future, the construction of the [[Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Toll Road]] will be realized, which is the final segment of the [[Trans-Java Toll Road|Trans Java Toll Road]], the Krian-Legundi-Bunder-Manyar Toll Road that connects the industrial estates in the city of Surabaya; [[Sidoarjo Regency]]; and [[Gresik Regency]], as well as plans for the Gresik-Tuban Toll Road that connects East Java with cities on the northern coast of Java.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/regional/nusantara/11/07/14/loaz7w-jatim-akan-bangun-dua-jalan-tol-baru |title=Jatim akan Bangun Dua Jalan Tol Baru |date=2011-07-14 |website=Republika Online |language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315173957/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/regional/nusantara/11/07/14/loaz7w-jatim-akan-bangun-dua-jalan-tol-baru|archive-date=2019-03-15|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>

=== Railways ===
[[File:Kereta Api Jenggala.jpg|thumb|220px|''KA Jenggala'' train of [[Greater Surabaya Commuter Line]] passing by Sidoarjo station. This train serves the easternmost rail route in East Java specially in [[Greater Surabaya]]]]
The railway system in East Java has been built since the [[Dutch East Indies|colonial era of the Dutch East Indies]]. The railway line in East Java consists [[Greater Surabaya Commuter Line|Surabaya Commuterline]] of the northern line ([[Surabaya Pasar Turi railway station|Surabaya Pasar Turi]]-[[Semarang]]-[[Cirebon]]-[[Jakarta]]), the middle lane ([[Surabaya Gubeng railway station|Surabaya Gubeng]]-[[Yogyakarta]]-[[Bandung]]-Jakarta), the southern ring railway line (Surabaya Gubeng-[[Malang railway station|Malang]]-[[Blitar railway station|Blitar]]-Kertosono-Surabaya), and east line (Surabaya Gubeng-Probolinggo-[[Jember railway station|Jember]]-[[Ketapang railway station (Banyuwangi)|Ketapang]]). East Java also has a commuter train transportation system with [[Bojonegoro railway station|Bojonegoro]]-Surabaya-[[Sidoarjo railway station|Sidoarjo]], Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Porong, Surabaya-Lamongan, Surabaya-Mojokerto, Surabaya-Malang, and Jember-Banyuwangi routes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amilliontravels.com/travel-java-train-indonesia/ |title=How to travel across Java by train, Indonesia |website=A Million Travels |date=2018-10-23 |language=en-GB |access-date=2019-03-15 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808005048/https://amilliontravels.com/travel-java-train-indonesia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

At present, the Surabaya Gubeng-Kertosono-Madiun line is being developed into a [[Double-track railway|double track]] and is planned to be completed by the end of 2018 or early 2019 and ready for use in mid-2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/services/article/2016/indonesia_s_railways_just_the_ticket_to_improve_logistics_11542.php|title=Indonesia Railway Network and Logistics |website=GBG Indonesia |date=2016 |access-date=2019-03-15|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405042944/http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/services/article/2016/indonesia_s_railways_just_the_ticket_to_improve_logistics_11542.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Harbors ===
[[File:Surabaya Johnny Walker-Anitha-Erlin-Gedung Kuno Syahbandar.jpg|thumb|237x237px|[[Port of Tanjung Perak|Tanjung Perak]]  is the second busiest sea port in Indonesia after [[Port of Tanjung Priok|Tanjung Priok]]]]
[[Port of Tanjung Perak|Tanjung Perak International Port]] is Indonesia's main hub port in Northern [[Surabaya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eastjava.com/tourism/surabaya/tanjung-perak.html |title=History of Port Tanjung Perak |website=EastJava |access-date=2019-03-15 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111122456/http://www.eastjava.com/tourism/surabaya/tanjung-perak.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Other international ports in East Java include Gresik Port and [[Java Integrated Industrial and Port Estate]] in [[Gresik Regency]], Tanjung Tembaga [[Probolinggo]] Port and [[Banyuwangi (town)|Banyuwangi]] Port.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://maritimenews.id/east-java-hunger-to-be-a-maritime-city/ |title=East Java Hunger to be a Maritime City |date=February 16, 2017 |agency=[[Kompas]] |publisher=Nusantara Maritime News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601163020/https://maritimenews.id/east-java-hunger-to-be-a-maritime-city/|archive-date=2017-06-01|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> National ports are [[Bawean]] Port in Gresik Regency, Pasuruan Port in [[Pasuruan]] City, Sapudi Port in Sumenep Regency, Kalbut Port and Anchor Port in [[Situbondo Regency]], Sapeken Port in Sumenep Regency, Kangean Port in Sumenep Regency, and Muncar Port in Banyuwangi Regency. East Java has a number of ferry ports, including Ujung Port (Surabaya), Kamal ([[Bangkalan]], Madura) Port, Ketapang Port ([[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]]), Kalianget Port ([[Sumenep Regency|Sumenep]]), and Jangkar Port (Situbondo). Ujung-Kamal route connects Java island (Surabaya) with Madura island, Ketapang Ferry Port connects [[Java]] Island with [[Bali]], Jangkar-Kalianget Route connects Java (Situbondo) with Madura Island, and Kalianget also connects Madura Island with small islands in the Java Sea (Kangean and Masalembu).<ref name=":0" />

=== Airports ===
[[File:Juanda Airport Apron.jpg|thumb|Terminal 1 of [[Juanda International Airport]]]]
[[Juanda International Airport]] in [[Sidoarjo Regency]], located in the [[Gerbangkertosusila|suburb of Surabaya]] and connects the city with major cities in Indonesia and most major cities outside Indonesia. Other international airport is [[Banyuwangi International Airport]] and [[Dhoho International Airport]], which connects the city in Indonesia. In Malang, there is a regional airport that connects the city with Jakarta and Bali, namely [[Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport]]. In addition, there are other public airports in the province such as [[Notohadinegoro Airport]] in [[Jember Regency]], [[Iswahyudi Air Force Base]] in [[Madiun Regency]], [[Dhoho Airport]] in [[Kediri Regency]], and [[Trunojoyo Airport]] in [[Sumenep Regency]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/08/09/2017/jatim-provinsi-dengan-bandara-terbanyak |title=Jatim Provinsi dengan Bandara Terbanyak |last=(lyn/agf/rin/c6/oki)|editor-last=F. S.|editor-first=Miftakhul |publisher=JawaPos.com |website=www.jawapos.com |date=8 September 2017 |language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315174921/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/08/09/2017/jatim-provinsi-dengan-bandara-terbanyak|archive-date=2019-03-15|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>

== Art and culture ==
=== Art ===
[[File:GREBEG SURO PONOROGO 1.jpg|thumb|[[Reog]], famous [[Ponorogo Regency|Ponorogoan]] dance]]
East Java has a number of distinctive art. Ludruk is one of the East Javanese art is quite well known, namely the art of the stage that generally all the players are male. Unlike the Ketoprak which tells the life of the palace, ludruk tells the daily life of ordinary people, often spiced with humor and social criticism, and generally opened with Dance Remo, and parikan. Currently traditional ludruk groups can be found in the area of Surabaya, Mojokerto and Jombang; although its presence increasingly defeated by modernization.

[[Reog]] from Ponorogo is a typical art that has been patented since 2001, and has now also become the icon of East Javanese art. Staging reog accompanied by horse braid (kuda lumping) are accompanied by elements of the occult.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://factsofindonesia.com/reog-ponorogo-dance |title=Reog Ponorogo Dance from Indonesia – History and Development – Facts of Indonesia |date=2017-04-10 |work=Facts of Indonesia |access-date=2018-11-07 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145304/https://factsofindonesia.com/reog-ponorogo-dance |url-status=live }}</ref> Famous arts of East Java include puppet purwa East Javanese style, mask mastermind in Madura, and made. In the area Mataraman Middle Javanese arts such as Ketoprak, and shadow puppets are quite popular. Famous legend of East Java, among others [[Damarwulan]], Angling Darma, and Sarip Tambak-Oso.
[[File:Gandrung banyuwangi.jpg|thumb|[[Gandrung]], iconic [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]] dance]]
Traditional dance in East Java can be generally grouped into Middle Javanese style, East Javanese style, Osing style and Madurese styles. Classical dances include [[gandrung]], gambyong dance, dance [[srimpi]], dance bondan, and wanderer. There is also a sort of lion dance culture in East Java. Art exists in two districts namely, Bondowoso, and Jember. Singo Wulung is a distinctive culture Bondowoso. While Jember have the tiger kadhuk. Both are art that is rarely encountered.

=== Culture ===
[[File:Apel Hari Santri 22 Oktober 2016.jpg|alt=|thumb|Islamic ''[[Santri]]'' students celebrate ''Santri'' day in [[Malang Regency|Southern Malang]]]]
Culture and customs of Javanese in the western part of East Java received a lot of influence from the Middle Javanese, so this area is known as Mataraman, indicating that the area was once the territory of the [[Sultanate of Mataram]]. The area includes the former residency of Madiun (Madiun, Ngawi, Magetan, Ponorogo, Pacitan), ex-residency Kediri (Kediri, Tulungagung, Blitar, Trenggalek, Nganjuk), and part of Bojonegoro. As is the case in Central Java, wayang kulit, and Ketoprak quite popular in this region.

East Java's west coast region is heavily influenced by the Islamic culture. This area covers an area of Tuban, Lamongan and Gresik. In the past the north coast of East Java is the entry area, and the center of the development of Islam. Five of the nine members of the walisongo are buried in this area.

In the area of ex-residency of Surabaya (including Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang), and ex-residency Malang, had little cultural influence Mataraman, considering this region is an area arek (the term for offspring Kenarok), especially in the area of Malang that make this area difficult to be affected by Mataraman culture.

[[File:Sapi Brujul Probolinggo.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Karapan sapi]] is a [[Madurese people|Madurese]] traditional bull racing festival]]
Customs in horse hooves region heavily influenced by the culture of Madura, given the magnitude of Madura tribe population in the region. Osing social mores of the culture is a blend of Java, Madura and Bali. While the Tenggerese tribe is heavily influenced by Hindu culture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2016/12/27/ini-keunikan-yang-hanya-dimiliki-masyarakat-jawa-timur|title=Ini Keunikan yang Hanya Dimiliki Masyarakat Jawa Timur {{!}} Good News from Indonesia|last=Budi|first=Arifina|work=Good News From Indonesia|access-date=2018-11-07|language=id|archive-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145221/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2016/12/27/ini-keunikan-yang-hanya-dimiliki-masyarakat-jawa-timur|url-status=live}}</ref>

Villagers in East Java, as well as in Central Java, has ties based on friendship, and territorial. Various ceremonies were held, among others: tingkepan (ceremony gestational age of seven months for the first child), babaran (ceremony before the birth of the baby), sepasaran (ceremony after the baby was five days), Pitonan (ceremony after the baby was seven months old), circumcision, fiancé.

East Java's population generally embraced monogamy. Prior to application, the men doing the show nako'ake (ask if the girl already had a husband), once that is done peningsetan (application). The wedding ceremony was preceded by a gathering or kepanggih. Communities on the west coast: Tuban, Lamongan, Gresik, even Bojonegoro has a habit of women's families applying common man (Ganjuran), different from the usual habits of other regions in Indonesia, where the men apply for women. And generally men will then be entered into the family of the woman.

To pray for the deceased person, usually a family party did send donga on day 1, 3rd, 7th, 40th, 100th, 1 year and 3 years after death.

== Education ==
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East Java is the province with the highest number of public universities in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html |title=Jumlah Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa, dan Tenaga Edukatif (Negeri dan Swasta) di Bawah Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Menurut Provinsi tahun ajaran 2013/2014-2014/2015 |last=Statistics Indonesia|author-link=Statistics Indonesia |website=www.bps.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317172550/https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html|archive-date=2019-03-17|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref> Three major cities for universities are [[Surabaya]], [[Malang]], and [[Jember]]; there is also a university at [[Bangkalan]] on Madura island. Among them, notable university which are:
* [[Airlangga University]]
* [[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]
* [[Brawijaya University]]
* [[State University of Surabaya]]
* [[State University of Malang]]
* [[Trunojoyo University]]
* [[University of Jember]]
* [[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|UIN Sunan Ampel]]
* [[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|UIN Malang]]
* [[University of Surabaya]]
* [[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya|Wijaya Kusuma University]]
* [[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]
* [[Petra Christian University]]

Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the ''[[pesantren]].'' This is a kind of socio-education organized by [[Ulama|Islamic clerics]], and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]] and [[Ponorogo Regency|Ponorogo]] is a famous region for its pesantren.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |title=A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Java |last=Lukens-Bull |first=R. |date=2005-05-12 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4039-8029-8 |language=en |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012204/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Indonesian Naval Academy (''Akademi Angkatan Laut'') located in Surabaya.

== Media ==
East Java supports several regional media outlets. Local newspapers with provincial news reach their readers earlier than their competitors from [[Jakarta]]. In the spirit of "providing more news from around readers", most newspapers even issue municipal sections which are different among their distribution areas. More startups media also develop for younger generation.

*[[Jawa Pos]] Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, based in Surabaya
*''[[Surya]]'', newspaper based in Surabaya (owned by [[Kompas]] Group)
*[[:id:Suara Surabaya|Suara Surabaya]] (E100 FM), most famous local radio and internet news in Surabaya and East Java
*[[IDN Times]], multiplatform media for millennials and generation z people

== Tourism ==
[[Greater Malang|Malang metropolitan region]] is a famous tourist destination in Indonesia with the City of Batu as its center.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.malangtimes.com/baca/29723/20180723/211500/malang-duduki-peringkat-pertama-wisatawan-tertinggi-dari-empat-kota-ini/|title=Kuliner: Malang Duduki Peringkat Pertama Wisatawan Tertinggi Dari Empat Kota Ini {{!}} Malang TIMES|last=Sukmasita|first=Rezza|editor-last=Yahya|editor-first=A.|publisher=MalangTIMES|work=Malang TIMES|access-date=2018-11-07|language=id-ID|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929014337/https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/29723/20180723/211500/malang-duduki-peringkat-pertama-wisatawan-tertinggi-dari-empat-kota-ini|url-status=live}}</ref>

East Java has a number of interesting sights. One of the tourist icon is Mount Bromo in East Java, which is inhabited by the Tengger tribe, where the ceremony is held every year Kasada. In the mountainous region of Tengger also there is a waterfall that is Madakaripura which is the last hermitage Mahapatih Gajah Mada before serving in the kingdom of Majapahit. Madakaripura Waterfall has a height of about 200 meters, which makes it the highest waterfall on the island of Java and the second highest in Indonesia. East Java also has some other mountainous tourist area of which is Malang Raya mountainous area known as the natural mountain tourist area that includes Malang and Batu. Tretes and Trawas mountainous areas, are also known to have characteristics such as Puncak area in West Java province. Other natural attractions in East Java is the National Park (4 of 12 National Parks in Java) and Taman Safari Indonesia II in Prigen.

East Java is also contained relics of history in the classical era. Trowulan sites in Mojokerto, once the center of the Majapahit Kingdom, there are dozens of temples and tombs of the kings of Majapahit. Other temples spread throughout much of East Java, including Penataran temple in Blitar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=5536 |title=Hinduism Today Magazine |last=Academy |first=Himalayan |website=www.hinduismtoday.com |language=en|access-date=2018-11-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007215202/https://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=5536|archive-date=2014-10-07}}</ref> In Madura, Sumenep is the center of the kingdom of Madura, where there are Kraton Sumenep, museums, and the tombs of the kings of Madura (Asta Tinggi Sumenep).

East Java is known for its coastal scenery.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.idntimes.com/travel/destination/grace/25-pantai-tercantik-di-pulau-jawa-yang-bikin-kamu-lupa-sama-rumah/full |title=25 Pantai Tercantik di Pulau Jawa yang Bikin Kamu Lupa Rumah! |last=Wijaya |first=Grace |work=IDN Times |access-date=2018-09-18 |language=id |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231136/https://www.idntimes.com/travel/destination/grace/25-pantai-tercantik-di-pulau-jawa-yang-bikin-kamu-lupa-sama-rumah/full |url-status=live }}</ref> On the south coast there is the Prigi Beach, Pelang Beach and Pasir Putih Beach in Trenggalek, Popoh Beach in Tulungagung, Ngliyep Beach, and tourism areas such as the [[Jawa Timur Park|Jatim Park]], [[Museum Angkut]], Batu Secret Zoo, Batu Night Spectacular, Eco Green Park in Batu, and the Watu Ulo Beach in Jember. East Java also has a beach that the waves is one of the best in the world, namely the Plengkung Beach located in Banyuwangi. In addition there Kenjeran Beach in Surabaya, and the White Sand Beach in Situbondo. Lake in East Java, among others Sarangan in Magetan, Ir. Sutami Dam in Malang, and Selorejo Dam in Blitar.

In the coastal area of the north there are a number of tombs of the saints, which are places of pilgrimage for Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eastjava.com/books/walisongo/index.html |title=Walisongo Pilgrimage : The Java island's First Moslem Missionaries |last=Walisongo |website=www.eastjava.com |access-date=2018-11-07 |archive-date=15 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115151425/http://www.eastjava.com/books/walisongo/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Five of the nine ''walisongo'' are buried in East Java: [[Sunan Ampel]] in Surabaya, [[Sunan Giri]], and [[Maulana Malik Ibrahim]] in Gresik, [[Sunan Drajat]] in Paciran (Lamongan), and [[Sunan Bonang]] in Tuban. In the northern coastal region, there are a number of caves, including Maharani Cave in Lamongan and Tuban Akbar Cave and Cave Gong located in Pacitan. Other pilgrimage sites include the tomb of Indonesia's first president [[Sukarno]], in [[Blitar]], as well as the tomb of the fourth Indonesian president [[Abdurrahman Wahid]], known as Gus Dur, in Jombang.

Malang Metropolitan Region is a leading tourist destination in Indonesia with the [[Kota Batu, Indonesia|City of Batu]] as its center. Malang has various tourist areas including volcanoes to beaches, as well as man-made tour of the history of travel to an international-class theme park with the support of inter-provincial transportation via trains, buses, and airplanes are available in Malang. Surabaya is the center of government, entertainment, financial, and business center of East Java, where there are Tugu Pahlawan, the Museum MPU Tantular, Surabaya Zoo, Submarine Monument, Ampel Region, and the Downtown Tunjungan area.<gallery>
File:East Java Park, Batu, Malang.jpg|[[Jawa Timur Park]] in [[Batu (city)|Batu]]
File:Indonesia Madakaripura Waterfall.jpg|Madakaripura waterfall in [[Probolinggo Regency|Probolinggo]]
File:Kawah Ijen crater.jpg|[[Ijen]] crater in [[Banyuwangi (city)|Banyuwangi]]
File:Kedung tumpang.jpg|Kedung Tumpang beach in [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]]
File:Koleksi House Of Sampoerna.jpg|House of Sampoerna, [[Surabaya]]
File:Wringin Lawang, Trowulan.jpg|[[Trowulan]], the capital of the [[Majapahit|Majapahit Empire]], is one of the largest archaeological sites in East Java
File:Makam Maulana Malik Ibrahim Tomb Complex.jpg|[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim]] tomb complex
File:Sempu.jpg|[[Sempu (island)|Sempu Island]], a tourist island in [[Malang Regency]]
</gallery>

== National parks ==
[[File:Wild Deers near Bama Point, Baluran.jpg|thumb|Deer in Baluran National Park]]

*[[Meru Betiri National Park]] – Between Jember and Banyuwangi districts, this park covers {{convert|580|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. Hard to get to, it contains coastal [[rainforest]] and scenery and is home to abundant wildlife.
*[[Alas Purwo National Park]] – This {{convert|434|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} park is formed by the [[Blambangan Peninsula]] (southeastern Java). Comprising [[mangrove]], [[Tropical savanna|savanna]], lowland monsoon forests and beaches, the park's name means ''First Forest'' in Javanese. Javanese legend says that the earth first emerged from the ocean here.
*[[Baluran National Park]] – This {{convert|250|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} national park is located in northeastern Java, known as ''The Little Africa'', formerly extensive savanna has been largely replaced by [[Acacia]].
*[[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] – Located in East Java at the region of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, {{convert|70|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Surabaya the capital city of East Java province. [[Mount Bromo]] is one of the great hiking and trekking destinations for overseas tourists. The scenic view of Bromo also attracts hundreds of photo enthusiasts to see the views there.
*{{ill|Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park|id|Taman Hutan Raya Raden Soerjo}}—This is located between [[Pasuruan Regency|Pasuruan]], [[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]] and [[Batu, East Java|Batu]]. Covered Mount [[Arjuno-Welirang|Arjuna]], Mount [[Arjuno-Welirang|Welirang]], Mount [[Mount Penanggungan|Penanggungan]], Mount Anjasmoro, Mount [[Mount Kawi|Kawi]], and Mt. [[Kelud]].
*[[Purwodadi Botanical Garden]] is a research centre in [[Pasuruan Regency|Pasuruan]], East Java, Indonesia. It has an area of {{convert|85|ha|acre}} and more than 10,000 types of trees and many plant collections. [[Callus (cell biology)|Callus]] cultures of ''Agave amaniensis'' by Setia Dewi were taken in 1988.<ref name="Bajaj1996">{{cite book|author=Y. P. S. Bajaj|title=Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IX|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJpr6f3w1VMC&pg=PA5|date=16 July 1996|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-60597-3|pages=5}}</ref>

== Cuisine ==
[[File:Rujakcingur.jpg|thumb|[[Rojak|Rujak Cingur]], traditional dish from East Java]]
Some typical East Javanese dishes include Bakso Malang, Rawon, and Tahu Campur Lamongan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eastjava.com/blog/category/east-java-foods-fruits/|title=East Java Foods & Fruits {{!}} East Java, Indonesia. A Tropical Paradise in The World|website=eastjava.com|date=8 June 2012 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-18|archive-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231154/https://eastjava.com/blog/category/east-java-foods-fruits/|url-status=live}}</ref> Surabaya is famous for Rojak Cingur, Semanggi, Lontong Balap, clam satay, mussels, and rice cakes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://trip101.com/article/surabaya-s-best-dishes-and-where-to-try-them |title=Surabaya's Best Dishes And Where To Try Them! |work=Trip101 |access-date=2018-11-07 |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027225515/https://trip101.com/article/surabaya-s-best-dishes-and-where-to-try-them |url-status=live }}</ref> Malang is popular for a variety of processed fruits (especially apples), [[tempeh]] crisps, [[Bakpao]] telo, [[Bakso]] Malang, rawon, and Cwie noodles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.destinasian.com/countries/asia/indonesia/malang-restaurants |title=Indonesia Travel: Mealtime in Malang |last=((Contributor)) |publisher=DestinAsian Media Group |website=DestinAsian |language=en-US |access-date=2018-11-07 |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145515/http://www.destinasian.com/countries/asia/indonesia/malang-restaurants |url-status=live }}</ref> Kediri is famous for tahu takwa, tahu pong, tungku fried rice and getuk pisang.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://lotusgardenhotel.com/en/tungku-fried-rice-the-culinary-tour-that-must-be-tried-when-visiting-kediri/ |title=Tungku Fried Rice, the Culinary Tour that Must be Tried when Visiting Kediri – LOTUS GARDEN HOTEL |date=2018-02-21 |work=LOTUS GARDEN HOTEL |access-date=2018-11-07 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145124/http://lotusgardenhotel.com/en/tungku-fried-rice-the-culinary-tour-that-must-be-tried-when-visiting-kediri/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/reza-iqbal/7-kuliner-kediri-paling-lezat |title=7 Kuliner Paling Lezat di Kediri, Gak Bakal Rugi Nyobain Ini! |last=Iqbal |first=Reza |work=IDN Times |access-date=2018-11-07 |language=id |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145525/https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/reza-iqbal/7-kuliner-kediri-paling-lezat |url-status=live }}</ref> Madiun is known for pecel madiun, and as a producer of Brem.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/keenanthy/8-jajanan-khas-madiun-ini-enaknya-pol-c1c2 |title=Bisa Jadi Oleh-Oleh, 8 Jajanan Khas Madiun Ini Enaknya Pol! |last=Keenanthy |work=IDN Times |access-date=2018-11-07 |language=id |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145454/https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/keenanthy/8-jajanan-khas-madiun-ini-enaknya-pol-c1c2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The subdistrict of Babat, Lamongan is famous as a producer of [[wingko]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://wisatanegeri.com/8-makanan-khas-lamongan-favorit-masyarakat/|title=√ 8 Makanan Khas Lamongan Favorit Masyarakat {{!}} Wisata Negeri|date=2018-05-12|work=Wisata Negeri|access-date=2018-11-07|language=id|archive-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145245/https://wisatanegeri.com/8-makanan-khas-lamongan-favorit-masyarakat/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bondowoso is also well known as a producer of [[Tapai|tape]]. Gresik famous is for nasi krawu, otak-otak bandeng, and {{transliteration|jv|italic=no|bonggolan}}. Sidoarjo is famous for shrimp crackers, shrimp paste, and petis. Ngawi is famous<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oknusantara.com/5-makanan-khas-ngawi-yang-terkenal-detail-46293.html |title=5 Makanan Khas Ngawi Yang Terkenal |last=nusantara |first=ok |website=oknusantara.com|access-date=2018-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826100514/http://oknusantara.com/5-makanan-khas-ngawi-yang-terkenal-detail-46293.html|archive-date=2017-08-26}}</ref> for tempeh chips, tahu tepo, and {{transliteration|jv|italic=no|nasi lethok}}. Blitar has the typical food that is pecel. [[Rambutan]] is also native to Blitar. Banyuwangi is famous<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/12/25/200000527/7-makanan-khas-banyuwangi-siapkan-perut-anda |title=7 Makanan Khas Banyuwangi, Siapkan Perut Anda! - Kompas.com |last=Rachmawati |first=Ira |editor-last=Prodjo |editor-first=Wahyu Adityo |location=[[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]] |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=2017-12-25 |work=KOMPAS.com |access-date=2018-09-18 |language=id |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231353/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/12/25/200000527/7-makanan-khas-banyuwangi-siapkan-perut-anda |url-status=live }}</ref> for sego tempong, salad soup, and pecel rawon. Jember have special food made of tape that is Suwar-suwir and tape proll that is very sweet. Corn is known as one of the staple food of the Madurese, while cassava is processed into gaplek, a staple food used to be a part of the population in Pacitan and Trenggalek. Tulungagung is famous for its {{transliteration|jv|italic=no|lodho}}, goat satay and pati rice.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://hamparan.net/makanan-khas-tulungagung/ |title=7+ Makanan Khas Tulungagung yang Buat Kamu Ketagihan Makan Lagi! |date=2017-10-07 |work=Hamparan |access-date=2018-09-18 |language=id |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919024831/https://hamparan.net/makanan-khas-tulungagung/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ponorogo is famous for Satay Ponorogo, Tiwul Goreng and Dawet Jabung, Probolinggo is famous for Ketan Kratok, Olok Crab, Glepungan Rice and Kraksaan Soto.

== Sports ==
{{See also|List of East Java major league professional sports teams}}

[[File:GOR CLS Knight 2018-11-09.jpg|thumb|[[CLS Knights Indonesia|CLS Knights]], most famous professional [[basketball]] club in Indonesia.]]
East Java is the province with the highest number of [[Professional sports|professional]] [[Association football|football]] clubs in Indonesia and also province with clubs in top division league.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panditfootball.com/on-this-day-klasik/212035/jawa-timur-provinsi-dengan-klub-profesional-terbanyak-di-indonesia |title=Jawa Timur: Provinsi dengan Klub Profesional Terbanyak di Indonesia |last=redaksi |date=2018-10-12 |website=Pandit Football Indonesia |language=id |access-date=2019-03-17 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012213/https://www.panditfootball.com/on-this-day-klasik/212035/RDK/181012/jawa-timur-provinsi-dengan-klub-profesional-terbanyak-di-indonesia |url-status=live }}</ref> By [[2023–24 Liga 1 (Indonesia)]], [[Liga 1 (Indonesia)|Indonesian First League]] clubs from East Java are [[Persik Kediri|Persik]], [[Madura United F.C.|Madura United]], [[Arema F.C.|Arema]], and [[Persebaya Surabaya|Persebaya]]. Arema and Persebaya are football clubs from East Java who have become top teams in Indonesia by repeatedly winning championships and national competitions and often as [[Football in Indonesia|representatives of Indonesia]] in [[AFC Champions League]] and [[AFC Cup]] between clubs in Asia.

East Java once hosted the [[National Sports Week (Indonesia)|Indonesian National Games]] ({{langx|id|Pekan Olahraga Nasional}}), namely PON VII in 1969, and PON XV in 2000, and became the overall champion of PON in 2000, and 2008. Since 1996 the East Java Football Team always won medals gold was included in 2008, and was recorded as the fourth gold medal received consecutively.

East Java has several professional basketball clubs, mainly in [[Surabaya]]. The famous basketball clubs namely [[CLS Knights Indonesia]] and [[Pacific Caesar Surabaya|Pacific Cesar Surabaya]]. East Java is also the venue for several bicycle racing events namely [[Tour de East Java]] and [[Tour de Ijen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tourdeeastjava.com/en/about-tdej |title=About Tour de East Java |website=Tour de East Java |language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516082832/http://www.tourdeeastjava.com/en/about-tdej|archive-date=2018-05-16|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/banyuwangi-tour-de-ijen/overview|title=International Tour de Banyuwangi Ijen 2019 {{!}} Overview|website=www.procyclingstats.com|access-date=2019-03-17|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730214810/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/banyuwangi-tour-de-ijen/overview|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other sports such as volleyball in East Java also have superior clubs, namely [[Surabaya Samator]] and [[Gresik Petrokimia Pupuk Indonesia]]. Apart from that, in the futsal sport there are two well-known clubs, namely [[Bintang Timur Surabaya]] and [[Unggul FC]] Malang. In badminton, there is the [[Surya Naga Surabaya]] club which also contributes a number of national badminton athletes.

== International relations ==
East Java is twinned with:
*{{flagdeco|AUS}}{{flagdeco|Western Australia}} [[Western Australia]], Australia {{spaced ndash}}''1993''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dca.wa.gov.au/DevelopingArtsandCulture/international/inter-government-networks/ |title=Sister State Relationships ~ DCA |others=Department of Culture and Arts |website=Dca.wa.gov.au|access-date=17 February 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331204541/http://www.dca.wa.gov.au/DevelopingArtsandCulture/international/inter-government-networks/|archive-date=31 March 2015}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], China {{spaced ndash}}''2006''.<ref name="Shanghai twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://wsb.sh.gov.cn/wsb/node466/node548/node550/index.html |script-title=zh:市级友好城市 |publisher=wsb.sh.gov.cn |access-date=8 March 2020 |language=zh |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320105548/http://wsb.sh.gov.cn/wsb/node466/node548/node550/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Indonesia}}
*[[Districts of East Java]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
*{{Cite book |title=Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution |last1=Curtis |first1=Garniss H. |last2=Lewin |first2=Roger |last3=Swisher III |first3=Carl C. |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-226-78734-3 |location=[[Chicago]] |pages=70|author-link=Garniss Curtis|author-link2=Roger Lewin}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia |last=Dennell |first=Robin |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-316-58307-4 |location=[[Cambridge]] |pages=155 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511818882|author-link=Robin Dennell}}
*{{Cite book |title=A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Java |last=Lukens-Bull |first=Ronald |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4039-6658-2 |location=[[London]]}}
*{{Cite book |title=Piwulang Basa Jawa Pepak |last=Pramono |first=S.B. |publisher=Grafindo Litera Media |year=2013 |isbn=978-979-3-896-380 |location=[[Yogyakarta]] |pages=148 |language=jv}}
*{{Cite book |title=[[Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World]] |last=Weatherford |first=Jack |publisher=[[Three Rivers Press|Crown and Three Rivers Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-609-80964-4 |location=[[New York City]] |pages=239|author-link=Jack Weatherford}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|East Java}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
*{{Official website|http://www.jatimprov.go.id/}} {{in lang|id}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = East Java
|North     = [[Java Sea]]
|Northeast = [[Java Sea]]
|East      = [[Bali Strait]]<br />{{flag|Bali}}
|Southeast = [[Indian Ocean]]
|South     = [[Indian Ocean]]
|Southwest = [[Indian Ocean]]
|West      = {{flag|Central Java}}
|Northwest = [[Java Sea]]
}}

{{East Java|state=uncollapsed}}{{Provinces of Indonesia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1950 establishments in Indonesia]]
[[Category:East Java| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of Indonesia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1950]]