View source for Earl of Lovelace

{{short description|Extinct earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}}
{{Distinguish|Baron Lovelace}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Earldom of Lovelace 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|150px|center]] [[File:Arms of King, Earl of Lovelace.svg|180px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = '''''Arms of King:''' Sable, three Spear Heads Argent, imbrued proper, on a Chief Or, three Battle-Axes Azure; '''Crest:''' A Cubit Arm, vested Azure, charged with three Ermine Spots in fess Or, cuffed Argent, grasping in the hand proper, the broken shaft of a Spear in bend sinister Sable, the butt Argent; '''Supporters:''' On either side a Mastiff Dog reguardant proper, collared Gules.''
| creation_date     = 30 June 1838 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[Queen Victoria]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace|William King, 8th Baron King of Ockham]] 
| last_holder       = [[Peter King, 5th Earl of Lovelace]] 
| present_holder    =  
| heir_apparent     =  
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] of the grantee 
| subsidiary_titles = Viscount Ockham <br/> Baron King 
| status            = Extinct 
| extinction_date   = 31 January 2018 
| family_seat       =  
| former_seat       =  
| motto             = '''LABOR IPSE VOLUPTAS'''<br/>("Labour itself is a pleasure")
| footnotes         =  
}}

[[Image:Peter King, 1st Baron King of Ockham by Daniel De Coning.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Peter King, 1st Baron King]], by Daniel de Coning, 1720.]]
'''Earl of Lovelace''' was a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. It was created in 1838 for [[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace|William King-Noel, 8th Baron King]], a title created in 1725.

==History==
The King or Locke King family stems from the only known child of Jerome King, a grocer, of [[Exeter]], and his wife Anne,{{#tag:ref|Her father was Peter Locke.|group= n}} first cousin of the leading philosopher of quite low birth, [[John Locke]]. This child was [[Peter King, 1st Baron King|Sir Peter King]], a prominent lawyer and politician who served as [[Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] from 1714 to 1725, and as [[Lord Chancellor|Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]] from 1725 to 1733; as such, in 1725 he was created '''Baron King''' of [[Ockham, Surrey|Ockham]] in the [[County of Surrey]], in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] (verbally and less formally '''Lord King''').<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=6377 |date=1 June 1725 |page=1}}</ref> The estate he bought was chosen as his [[territorial designation]].

He was succeeded by his eldest son (the second Baron) who represented [[Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)|Launceston]] and [[Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)|Exeter]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] but died aged 34. His three younger brothers—Peter, William and Thomas—all succeeded in the barony. Thomas was succeeded by his son, the sixth Baron, whose son, the seventh Baron, was a [[Whig Party (UK)|Whig]] politician and writer. On his death in 1833, the title passed to his eldest son, the eighth Baron.

In 1835, the eighth Baron married as his first wife the Hon. [[Ada Lovelace|(Augusta) Ada Byron]], the only daughter of the poet [[George Gordon, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]] and his wife [[Anne Isabella Byron, Baroness Byron|11th Baroness Wentworth]] ( Anne Isabella Milbanke), who was a descendant of the extinct [[Baron Lovelace|Barons Lovelace]]. In 1838 the eighth Baron was created '''Viscount Ockham''' (territorial designation the same, to be the family's first [[courtesy title]]), and '''Earl of Lovelace''' in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=19629 |date=26 June 1838 |page=1445}}</ref> He was appointed the [[Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey]] from 1840 to 1893. Ada died in 1852, leaving her husband, in his forties, a widower. In 1860, he assumed for himself by Royal licence the additional surname and arms of Noel, those of Wentworth. In 1865 he remarried, to Jane Crawford Jenkins{{#tag:ref|a widow|group= n}} and had one child, who would eventually inherit the earldom. Lord Lovelace acquired [[Horsley Towers]] (now a hotel) in [[East Horsley]] and was patron of the [[parish church]] funding the rebuilding of the chancel and the nave in 1869.<ref>[http://www.easthorsleychurch.org.uk/ St Martin's Church]</ref> He also rebuilt the wall of the churchyard which included a number of architectural features such as the gazebo and its family crest-engraved walls. He planned for his death 20 years before he died when work began on building his mausoleum in another corner of the churchyard. The mausoleum, which has recently been restored, contains his tomb and that of his second wife.<ref>[http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/places/surrey/guildford/east_horsley/east_horsley_st_martins_church/east_horsley_st_martins_church_the_lovelace_mausoleum Exploring Surrey's Past]</ref> His eldest son [[Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham|Byron, Viscount Ockham]], briefly succeeded his maternal grandmother to become the 12th [[Baron Wentworth]] according to its special remainder in 1860. However, he predeceased his father, unmarried, two years later.

At his death in 1893, the 1st Earl of Lovelace was succeeded by his second son [[Ralph King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace|Ralph]] (1839–1906), who was then already the 13th Baron Wentworth. In 1861, Ralph had assumed by Royal licence the surname of ''Milbanke'' in lieu of ''Noel''.

The 2nd Earl of Lovelace had no sons and was succeeded in the barony of Wentworth by his only child, [[Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth]].{{#tag:ref|With its wide remainder, the 14th Baroness was succeeded by her aunt [[Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth]], daughter of the first Earl; see the [[Baron Wentworth]] for later history of this title|group= n}} His other titles passed to his half-brother Lionel (1865–1929), the 3rd Earl.

In 1895, the 3rd Earl of Lovelace had received for himself only Royal licence to use the additional surname and arms of Noel, but resumed by Royal licence, in 1908, the surname and arms of King only for himself and his children. He served in the [[First World War]] as a Major in the [[Northumberland Fusiliers]] and as a staff-Captain.

The titles were finally held by his grandson, the [[Peter King, 5th Earl of Lovelace|5th Earl]] (1951–2018), who succeeded his father in 1964 and died in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/highlands/1407247/newslink-2669582-191735-1/ |title=Earl of Lovelace dies at Highland home, aged 66 |date=5 February 2018 |newspaper=[[The Press and Journal]]}}</ref> As there were no heirs to the earldom of Lovelace, to the viscountcy of Ockham and to the barony of King of Ockham, these all became extinct at his death.<ref name=c>[http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/lovelace1838.htm Lovelace, Earl of (UK, 1838)] – website Cracroft's Peerage</ref>

==Family seats==
The family seat following its purchase by the 1st Lord King was [[Ockham Park]], Ockham, Surrey until the fine Jacobean house was reduced to outbuildings in a fire in 1948.  The family then moved its main home to Torridon House, near [[Torridon]] in [[Ross-shire]].

After the  [[Peter King, 1st Baron King|1st Baron King]]'s death in 1734, the King Chapel was added to [[All Saints' Church, Ockham]], intended as a chapel over the [[family vault]] of the Lords King and their descendants.<ref name="britishlistedbuildings">[https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101188424-church-of-all-saints-ockham#.Y2QszYLP3lw See All Saints' Church, Ockham, Surrey]</ref>

[[File:St Martin, East Horsley - Churchyard - geograph.org.uk - 4190052.jpg|thumb|The 1st Earl of Lovelace's Mausoleum in the churchyard of Martin's Church, [[East Horsley]]]]
The traditional burial place of the Earls of Lovelace was at Martin's Church, [[East Horsley]]. The 1st Earl is buried in a mausoleum in a corner of the churchyard, the 2nd Earl was cremated at [[Woking Crematorium]] (his ashes are buried in the King Chapel of  [[All Saints' Church, Ockham]]), while the 3rd Earl and his wife Edith († 1932), the 4th Earl and his wife Doris († 1940) as well as the Lovelace daughters Lady Diana de Hosszu († 1955) and Lady Penelope Allen († 1947) rest in the churchyard of Martin's, where the "Lovelace Plot" was set apart for “myself, my heirs and (...) the exclusive right in perpetuity of burial and placing monuments and gravestones” by the 3rd Earl in 1909.<ref>Keith Michel: ''The Lovelace Story – A Short History'', January 2019 ([https://easthorsleychurch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/THE-LOVELACE-STORY.pdf online])</ref>

==Barons King (1725) (of Ockham){{#tag:ref|There have been other King peerages, each of them [[life peerage]]s.|group= n}}==
*[[Peter King, 1st Baron King]] (1669–1734)
*[[John King, 2nd Baron King]] (1706–1740)
*[[Peter King, 3rd Baron King]] (1709–1754)
*[[William King, 4th Baron King]] (1711–1767)
*[[Thomas King, 5th Baron King]] (1712–1779)
*[[Peter King, 6th Baron King]] (1736–1793)
*[[Peter King, 7th Baron King]] (1776–1833)
*[[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace|William King, 8th Baron King]] (1805–1893) (created '''Earl of Lovelace''' in 1838)

==Earls of Lovelace (1838)==
*[[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace]] (1805–1893)
**[[Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham]] (1836–1862), his eldest son; also 12th [[Baron Wentworth]]
*[[Ralph King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace]] (1839–1906), his younger brother; also 13th [[Baron Wentworth]], in which he was succeeded by [[Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth|his only daughter]]
*[[Ranks of the British Army|Major]] Lionel King, 3rd Earl of Lovelace (1865–1929), his younger half-brother
*Peter King, 4th Earl of Lovelace (1905–1964), his only son
*[[Peter King, 5th Earl of Lovelace]] (1951–2018), his only child

==Notable family members==
[[File:Ada Lovelace.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Portrait of Ada Lovelace]]'' by British painter [[Margaret Sarah Carpenter]] (1836)|alt=Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1836]]
===Notable wives===
[[Ada Lovelace]], the 1st Earl's first wife, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on [[Charles Babbage]]'s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the [[Analytical Engine]]. Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first [[algorithm]] intended to be processed by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer [[programmer]].<ref name="Annals of the History of Computing">{{Citation | last1 = Fuegi | first1 = J | last2 = Francis | first2 = J | title = Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' | publisher = IEEE | journal = Annals of the History of Computing | volume = 25 | number = 4 |date=October–December 2003 | doi=10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887 |pages=16–26}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Phillips|first=Ana Lena|title=Crowdsourcing gender equity: Ada lovelace day, and its companion website, aims to raise the profile of women in science and technology|journal=American Scientist|date=November–December 2011|volume=99|issue=6|page=463|doi=10.1511/2011.93.463}}</ref><ref name="Lovelace Google">{{Citation | date = 10 December 2012 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/10/ada-lovelace-honoured-google-doodle | title = Ada Lovelace honoured by Google doodle | newspaper = The Guardian | access-date = 10 December 2012}}.</ref>

===Notable younger sons and their sons===
The Hon. [[Peter King (British politician)|Peter King]], second son of the seventh Lord King (and brother of the first Earl of Lovelace), was a long-serving progressive politician who bought [[Brooklands]] and the father of [[Hugh F. Locke King]], the entrepreneur who transformed it into a pioneering racetrack and aviation centre from the year 1906 onwards.

The family had no male heirs, nor female who married a celebrity.<ref name=c/> Hugh died without children in 1926 and his elder brother Peter died in middle age in 1885 in [[Aston]] without sons.  Hugh's large Brooklands estate became [[Brooklands College]], Brooklands Museum, a hotel, Mercedes Benz World, paths through greens, skateboarding and playground spaces and Brooklands distribution/retail park.  A small part has become housing, having addresses with motor history names.

==Descendants of the 1st Earl of Lovelace==
{{Tree list}}
*[[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace|William King-Noel, '''1st Earl of Lovelace''']] né King (1805–1893) ∞ Hon. [[Ada Augusta Byron]] née Noel (1815–1852) (1) ∞ Jane Crawford Jenkins (2)
**[[Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham]] (1836–1862), also ''12th Baron Wentworth'' (1860–1862), deserted Royal Navy
**[[Lady Anne Blunt|Anne Isabella Noel King-Noel]] (1837–1917), de jure ''15th Baroness Wentworth'' ∞ [[Wilfred Scawen Blunt]], poet
***{{Tree list/final branch}}[[Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth|Judith Anne Dorothea Blunt-Lytton, ''16th Baroness Wentworth'']] (1873-1957) ∞ [[Neville Stephen Bulwer-Lytton, 3rd Earl of Lytton]] (1879–1951), see [[Earl of Lytton]] for her title's current vesting into Earldom
****[[Noel Lytton, 4th Earl of Lytton|Noel Anthony Scawen Lytton, 4th Earl of Lytton and ''17th Baron Wentworth'']] (1900–1985) ∞ Clarissa Palmer 
*****Lady Caroline Mary Noel Lytton (1947–2017)
*****[[John Lytton, 5th Earl of Lytton|John Peter Michael Scawen Lytton, 5th Earl of Lytton and ''18th Baron Wentworth'']] (b. 1950) ∞ Ursula Alexandra Komoly 
*****Hon. (Thomas) Roland Cyril Lawrence Lytton (b. 1954)
*****Lady Lucy Mary Frances Lytton (b. 1957)
*****{{Tree list/final branch}}Lady Sarah Teresa Mary Lytton (b. 1959)
****Lady Anne Lytton (1901–1979)
****{{Tree list/final branch}}Lady Winifred Lytton (b.1904–1985) ∞ Claude Tryon
**[[Ralph King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace|Ralph Gordon Noel King, '''2nd Earl of Lovelace''']], ''13th Baron Wentworth'' - extended Noel King name twice (1839–1906) ∞ Fannie Heriot d. 1878 (1) ∞ Mary Caroline Stuart-Wortley (2)
***{{Tree list/final branch}}Lady [[Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth|Ada Mary King-Milbanke, ''14th Baroness Wentworth'']] (1871–1917) 
**{{Tree list/final branch}}[[Ranks of the British Army|Major]] Lionel Fortescue King, '''3rd Earl of Lovelace''' (1865–1929) <small>[[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]]</small> (son by second marriage) ∞ Lady Edith Anson
***Peter Malcolm King, '''4th Earl of Lovelace''' (1905–1964) ∞ Doris Evison (1) died 1940 ∞ Lis Manon Transö (2)
****{{Tree list/final branch}}[[Peter King, 5th Earl of Lovelace|Peter Axel William Locke King, '''5th Earl of Lovelace''']] (1951–2018)
***Lady Evelyn Catherine King (1896–1974) ∞ Maj.-Gen. Sir [[Miles Graham]], divorced 1930 (1) ∞ Mark Patrick (2) and had issue
***Lady Phyllis Edith King (1897–1947) ∞ William Allen, divorced 1932 and had issue
***{{Tree list/final branch}}Lady Rosemary Diana King (1902–1955) ∞ Lt.-Col. Alistair Gibb, divorced 1940 (1) ∞ Martin de Hosszu (2)<ref>''Burke's Peerage, 107th Ed., 2003, London, vol. 2 page 2417</ref> 
{{Tree list/end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}} 

=== Sources ===
*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
*{{Rayment|date=February 2012}}
{{commonscat|Earls of Lovelace}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lovelace}}
[[Category:Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2018 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1838]]