View source for ES PEVM

{{Short description|Soviet copy of IBM PC}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2009}}
{{Infobox information appliance
| name         = ES PEVM
| image        = ЕС 1863.jpg
| image_size   = 
| alt          = 
| caption      = An ЕS-1863 and ЕS-1849
| aka          = 
| developer    = Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Computer Machines
| manufacturer = Minsk Production Group for Computing Machinery
| type         = [[Personal computer]]
| releasedate  = {{Start date and age|1986}}
| price        = 
| connectivity = 
| lifespan     = 1997
| unitssold    = 129.579+
| media        = 
| os           = AlphaDOS<!-- operating system -->
| input        = 
| camera       = 
| power        = 
| cpu          = 
| CPUspeed     = 
| storage      = 
| memory       = 
| RAMtype      = 
| display      = 
| audio        = 
| service      = <!-- online service/s offered -->
| dimensions   = 
| weight       = 
| touchpad     = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = 
| related      = [[IBM Personal Computer]]
}}
'''ES PEVM''' (ЕС ПЭВМ) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[clone (computer science)|clone]] of the [[IBM PC]] in the 1980s. The ES PEVM models lineup also included analogues of [[IBM PC XT]], [[IBM PC AT]], [[IBM XT/370]].

The computers and software were adapted in [[Minsk]], [[Belarus]], at the Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Computer Machines (НИИ ЭВМ). 

They were manufactured in Minsk as well, at Minsk Production Group for Computing Machinery (Минское производственное объединение вычислительной техники (МПО ВТ)).

== Description ==
[[File:EC1834_k6313_1024px.jpg|thumb|EC-1834 with monitor K-7229.25 and printer K-6313]]
[[File:EC1835 C quer.jpg|thumb|ES-1835]]
[[File:EC1835 C IO Adapter.jpg|thumb|EC-1835 I/O adapter]]
[[File:Soviet made personal computer EC-1849 with Intel 80286 compatible CPU.JPG|thumb|ES-1849]]
The first models of ES PEVM (ES-1840, ES-1841, ES-1842), unlike the IBM PC, had two units: a system unit and a floppy drives unit. These models used a [[backplane]] instead of the main board. Although the system bus was compatible with [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]] bus, it used a different type of connector, so the IBM PC expansion cards could not be installed in ES PEVM.<ref name=mpss1>{{cite magazine
 | last = Кравчук
 | first = В.Г.
 | last2 = Некрасов
 | first2 = А.А.
 | last3 = Флорентьев
 | first3 = В.В.
 | title = Опыт работы с профессиональными персональными компьютерами ЕС1840
 | trans-title = Experience in the use of professional personal computers ES1840
 | language = Russian
 | magazine = Микропроцессорные средства и системы
 | issue = 4
 | year = 1989
 | page = 7
 | issn = 0233-4844
}}</ref>
Later models (ES-1843, ES-1849 etc.) were fully-compatible with IBM PC XT and IBM PC AT.

Unlike IBM PC using the [[Intel 8088]] processor, the early ES PEVM models used [[K1810VM86]] processor with a [[16-bit]] bus and a [[clock frequency]] of 5 MHz. The processor was placed on a separate board. Early versions of the board did not have a socket for the [[floating point]] [[coprocessor]].

The following boards were produced for ES-1840 and ES-1841:<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://oldpc.su/pc/ec1840/ec1840.html
 | title = ПЭВМ ЕС-1840
 | language = Russian
}}</ref>
* [[CPU]] board (containing 54 chips). It was installed in every configuration of the computer.
* 128 [[KiB]] [[random-access memory|RAM]] board. It was installed in early models of ES PEVM.
* 512 KiB RAM board (containing 110 chips). Variants with 256 KiB or 128 Kib were available.
* [[IBM Monochrome Display Adapter|MDA]] adapter board (containing 91 chips). It was built using the [[Bulgaria]]n CM607 chip ([[MC6845]] clone).
* [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]] adapter board (containing 94 chips).
* [[Floppy drive]] adapter board (containing 32 chips). It was built using the Bulgarian CM609 chip (Intel 8272 clone).
* [[Serial interface]] adapter board (containing 56 chips). It was electrically incompatible with the IBM PC [[COM port]] and was not supported in the [[BIOS]].

Volume of production for a number of models:<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.computer-museum.ru/histussr/es_pevm.htm
 | title = Персональные ЭВМ Единой системы и семейства ВМ
 | trans-title = Personal computers of the Unified System and VM family
 | author = Смирнов Г.Д.
 | language = Russian
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!| Model name
!| Year of production start
!| Year of production end
!| Volume of production (units)
|-
| ES-1831 || 1986 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1832 || 1986 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1834 || 1986 || 1989 || 13799
|-
| ES-1835 || 1989 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1838 || 1988 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1839 || 1987 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1840 || 1986 || 1989 || 7461
|-
| ES-1841 || 1987 || 1995 || 83937
|-
| ES-1842 || 1988 || 1996 || 10193
|-
| ES-1843 || 1990 || 1993 || 3012
|-
| ES-1845 || 1988 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1847 || 1988 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1849 || 1990 || 1997 || 4966
|-
| ES-1850 || 1989 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1851 || 1991 || 1997 || 3142
|-
| ES-1855 || 1991 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1861 || || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1862 || || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1863 || 1991 || 1997 || 3069
|-
| ES-1864 || 1991 || || {{?}}
|-
| ES-1865 || 1992 || || {{?}}
|}

== Software ==
The computers were shipped with AlphaDOS, an entirely [[Russification|Russified]] version of [[MS-DOS]]/[[PC DOS]] 2.x and 3.x. All [[command (computing)|commands]] were entered in Russian, for example, <code>СМЕНКАТ</code> for <code>[[CHDIR]]</code>. Files and [[file extension]]s were also in Russian, such as АТРИБ.ИСП for [[ATTRIB|ATTRIB.EXE]]. The [[operating system]] used the [[main code page (Russian)|main code page]], hardwired into the display [[read-only memory|ROM]]; it was compatible neither with [[CP 866]] nor [[CP 855]], although partially with [[ISO/IEC 8859-5]].

== Reliability ==
Early models of ES PEVM were prone to failures due to manufacturing defects. The [[mean time between failures]] was around 350 hours.<ref name=mpss1 />

== See also ==
* [[History of computer hardware in Eastern Bloc countries]]
* [[ES EVM]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{List of Soviet computer systems}}

[[Category:IBM PC compatibles]]
[[Category:Computers designed in Belarus]]
[[Category:Ministry of Radio Industry (USSR) computers]]

{{microcompu-stub}}