View source for EMD GP9

{{Short description|Model of locomotive built by EMD}}
{{redirect|GP9|the human gene|Glycoprotein IX}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = EMD GP9
| powertype = [[Diesel-electric]]
| image = Smoky Hill Railway & Historical Society 102 (GP9) (cropped).jpg
| caption = A [[Belton, Grandview and Kansas City Railroad]] EMD GP9 in [[Belton, Missouri]], in 2016
| builder = [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors Electro-Motive Division]] (EMD)<br />[[General Motors Diesel]] (GMD)
| buildmodel = GP9
| builddate = 1954 – 1963
| totalproduction = 4,092 (and 165 [[B unit]]s)
| aarwheels = B-B
| uicclass = Bo'Bo'
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}<br />{{track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on}} (Brazil)
| trucks = EMD Blomberg B (Flexicoil on some CN units)
| wheeldiameter = {{convert|40|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve = [[Degree of curvature|21°]] ({{convert|273|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} radius)
| wheelbase = {{convert|40|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|56|ft|2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|10|ft|3+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|15|ft|1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|259500|lb|abbr=on}}
| fuelcap = {{convert|1100|usgal|abbr=on}}
| primemover = [[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]] [[EMD 567|16-567C]]
| rpmrange = 835 max
| enginetype = [[V16 engine|V16]] [[Two-stroke diesel engine|Two-stroke diesel]]
| aspiration = [[Roots-type supercharger|Roots blower]]
| displacement = {{convert|9072|cuin|L|abbr=on}}
| generator = EMD D-12-B
| tractionmotors = (4) EMD D-37-B
| headendpower = 
| cylindercount = 16
| cylindersize = {{convert|8+1/2|x|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|1750|hp|MW|2|abbr=on|lk=in}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|65|mph|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|64750|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}
| locale = North America, South America
}}

The '''EMD GP9''' is a four-axle [[diesel-electric locomotive]] built by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors' Electro-Motive Division]] between 1954 and 1963. The GP9 succeeded the [[EMD GP7|GP7]] as the second model of EMD's General Purpose (GP) line,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schafer, Mike.|title=Classic American railroads|date=1996-11-08|isbn=0760302391|location=Osceola, WI|pages=103|oclc=35033722}}</ref> incorporating a new sixteen-[[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine which generated {{convert|1750|hp|MW|2|lk=in}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A field guide to trains of North America|last=Foster, Gerald L.|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1996|isbn=0395701120|location=Boston|pages=28|chapter=EMD GP9|oclc=33242919|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvSHlCxuyH0C&pg=PA28}}</ref> This locomotive type was offered both with and without control cabs; locomotives built without control cabs were called '''GP9B''' locomotives. The GP9 was succeeded by the similar but slightly more powerful [[EMD GP18|GP18]].<ref name=":1" />

==Design and production==
EMD designed the GP9 as an improved version of the GP7, with an increase in power from 1,500 hp to 1,750 hp, and a change in prime mover to the latest version of the [[EMD 567|567 engine]], the 567C.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Mike|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38738930|title=Vintage diesel locomotives|date=1998|publisher=Motorbooks International|isbn=0-7603-0507-2|location=Osceola, WI|pages=37|oclc=38738930}}</ref> Externally, the GP9 strongly resembled its predecessor. Most were built with high short hoods, but the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] ordered a number with low short hoods for improved crew visibility.<ref name=":1" />

EMD built GP9s at its LaGrange, Illinois facility until 1959, when American production was ended in favor of the GP18.<ref name=":1" /> GMD production in Canada continued until August 1963, when the final GP9 was produced.{{sfnp|Marre|1995|p=46}}

== Original owners ==
EMD produced 4,257 GP9 locomotives, including 165 B units. 646 of the locomotives, intended for Canadian railroads, were built by [[General Motors Diesel]], EMD's Canadian subsidiary.{{sfnp|Marre|1995|p=46}} Approximately 75 railroads purchased GP9s. 

===Locomotives built by Electro-Motive Division, USA===
{| class="wikitable"
!Owner
!Quantity
!Numbers
!Notes
|-
|[[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]]
|52
|700–751
|
|-
|[[Brazil]]
|5
|1001–1005
|
|-
|[[Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway]]
|4
|104–107
|
|-
|[[Bangor and Aroostook Railroad]]
|5
|76–80
|
|-
|[[Boston and Maine Railroad]]
|50
|1700–1749
|
|-
|[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]
|194
|675–696, 747–752, 3413–3425, 6447–6598, 6498 (2nd)
|
|-
|[[Belt Railway of Chicago]]
|3
|471, 480, 481
|
|-
|[[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]]
|20
|270–289
|
|-
|[[Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad]]
|8
|221, 229, 233–238
|
|-
|[[Central of Georgia Railway]]
|11
|160–170
|
|-
|[[Chicago Great Western Railway]]
|1
|120
|
|-
|[[Chicago and North Western Railway]]
|59
|1711–1720, 1725–1773
|
|-
|[[Central Railroad of New Jersey]]
|2
|1531–1532
|
|-
|[[Chesapeake and Ohio Railway]]
|363
|5901–6263
|
|-
|[[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific]]
|2
|917–918
|
|-
|[[Central Vermont]]
|65
|1751–1767, 4134–4139, 4442–4450, 4539–4559, 4902–4906, 4923–4929
|
|-
|[[Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad]]
|13
|980–992
|
|-
|[[Electro-Motive Division]]
|1
|7257
|
|-
|[[Erie Railroad]]
|6
|1260–1265
|
|-
|[[Florida East Coast Railway]]
|26
|651–676
|
|-
|[[Georgia and Florida Railroad (1926–1963)|Georgia and Florida Railroad]]
|3
|1040–1042
|
|-
|[[Illinois Central Railroad]]
|348
|9000–9257, 9300–9389
|
|-
|[[Kansas City Southern Railway]]
|4
|162–165
|
|-
|[[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]]
|32
|441–459, 511–513, 515–522, 553–554
|
|-
|[[Lehigh Valley]]
|2
|300–301
|
|-
|[[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]
|96
|656–734, 900–915
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Great Northern Empire - Then and Now |url=https://www.greatnorthernempire.net/index2.htm?GNEGNDieselRosterGP9.htm |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.greatnorthernempire.net}}</ref>
|-
|[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
|24
|5901–5904, 5911–5914, 5921–5924, 5931–5934, 5941–5944, 5951–5954
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=DRGW.Net {{!}} D&RGW EMD GP9 Roster |url=https://www.drgw.net/info/GP9 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.drgw.net}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexico]]
|10
|6602, 7101–7107, 7101(2nd)–7102(2nd)
|
|-
|[[Meridian and Bigbee Railroad]]
|1
|102
|
|-
|[[Midland Valley Railroad]]
|2
|152–153
|
|-
|[[Milwaukee Road]]
|128
|280–331, 2368–2433
|
|-
|[[Missouri Pacific Railroad]]
|40
|4332–4371
|
|-
|Mississippi Export Railroad Company
|1
|60
|
|-
|Minneapolis & St Louisr
|23
|600–608, 700–713
|
|-
|New Haven & Hartford
|30
|1200–1229
|
|-
|[[Nickel Plate]]
|107
|448–534, 800–814, 448 (2nd), 496 (2nd), 497 (2nd), 503 (2nd), 482 (2nd)
|
|-
|[[Northern Pacific Railway|Northern Pacific]]
|176
|200–375
|
|-
|[[Norfolk & Western]]
|306
|10–13, 506–521, 620–699, 714–914, 799 (2nd), 800 (2nd), 805 (2nd), 813 (2nd), 817 (2nd)
|
|-
|New York Centralr
|164
|5900–6028, 6041–6075
|
|-
|Southern Peru Copper
|4
|20–23
|
|-
|PHDX
|17
|21–23, 30–43
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Pennsylvania Railroad]]
|270
|7000–7269
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|40
|7175B–7204B, 7230B–7239B
|-
|-
|Rock Island & Pacific
|21
|1312–1332
|
|-
|[[Seaboard Air Line Railroad]]
|58
|1798, 1801, 1900–1929, 1954–1979
|
|-
|Soo Liner
|45
|400–414, 550–558, 2400–2413, 2550–2556
|
|-
|[[Southern Railway (U.S.)|Southern Railway]]
|13
|302–303, 2500–2501, 6245–6249, 6898–6899, 8214–8215
|
|-
|[[Southern Pacific Company]]
|328
|240–249, 280–283, 400–458, 5600–5719, 5730–5844, 5872–5891
|
|-
|[[Spokane Portland & Seattle]]
|6
|150–155
|
|-
|[[St. Louis Southwestern Railway]]
|12
|820–831
|
|-
|[[Texas Mexican Railway]]
|1
|853
|
|-
|[[Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway]]
|14
|1131–1144
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Union Pacific Railroad]]
|219
|130–248, 250–349
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|125
|130B–204B, 300B–349B
|-
|Venezuela Nat'l Ry
|6
|1–6
|
|-
|[[Western Railway of Alabama]]
|2
|530–531
|
|-
|Wabash
|12
|484–495
|
|-
|[[Western Maryland Railway]]
|20
|25–32, 34–45
|
|-
|[[Western Pacific Railroad]]
|8
|725–732
|
|-
|WSSB
|4
|1501–1504
|
|-
!Totals !! 3,446<br> 165 !! !!
|}
===Locomotives built by General Motors Diesel, Canada===
{| class="wikitable"
!Owner
!Quantity
!Numbers
!Notes
|-
|ACR
|2
|171–172
|
|-
|Canadian National
|349
|1724–1750, 2000–2024, 4100–4133, 4147–4156, 4228–4353, 4476–4538, 4560–4609, 4588 (2nd)–4601 (2nd)
|
|-
|Canadiam Pacific
|200
|8483–8546, 8611–8708, 8801–8823, 8825–8839
|
|-
|Midland Ry Manitona
|1
|2
|
|-
|Northern Alberta Railway
|10
|201–210
|
|-
|New York Central
|12
|6029–6040
|
|-
|Ontario Northland
|6
|1600–1605
|
|-
|QCM
|9
|1–9
|
|-
|Quebec North Shore & Labrador
|54
|124–177
|
|-
|Toronto Hamilton & Buffalo
|3
|401–403
|
|-
!Totals !! 646 !! !!
|}

==Rebuilds==
[[File:Railroad-Saint-Paul-2006-11-04.jpg|thumb|left|Two GP15Cs with the [[Red River Valley and Western Railroad]].]]
There were 40 GP9M units built that are included in the 3,441 units built for United States railroads. A GP9M was built with parts from another older EMD locomotive, either an [[F unit]] or a damaged GP7. The use of parts from these older locomotives caused the GP9Ms to have a lower power rating than a GP9. This would be either {{convert|1350|hp|MW|2}} if the donor locomotive was an [[EMD FT|FT]]/[[EMD F2|F2]] or {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} from [[EMD F3|F3]]/[[EMD F7|F7]]/[[EMD GP7|GP7]] locomotives.

Many rebuilt GP9s remain in service today with shortline railroads and industrial operators. Some remain in rebuilt form on some major [[Class I railroad]]s, as switcher locomotives although most Class 1 railroads stopped using these locomotives by the 1980s. [[Canadian National Railway|Canadian National]] still had 29<ref>{{cite book|date=2022|title=Canadian Trackside Guide 2022|location=Ottawa|publisher=The Bytown Railway Society|pages=1–39}}</ref> GP9RM locomotives in operation, as of 2022. [[Canadian Pacific Railway|Canadian Pacific]] had many GP9u locomotives in operation; however, they were all retired in 2015.

=== EMD GP15C ===
Several GP9s were rebuilt with a {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} [[Caterpillar Inc.|CAT]] 3512 and re-classified as '''GP15C'''.

=== EMD GP10 ===
{{Main|EMD GP10}}
The Illinois Central Railroad rebuilt some of its GP9s with their front (short) hood reduced in height for improved crew visibility. The IC designated these rebuilt locomotives [[EMD GP10|GP10]].{{sfnp|Solomon|2012|p=135}}

=== EMD GP20C-ECO ===
[[File:Canadian Pacific Railway 2303.jpg|thumb|A Canadian Pacific Railway EMD GP20C-ECO, the product of a GP9 rebuild.]]EMD has rebuilt and continues to rebuild GP9s into what it calls the [[EMD GP20C-ECO|GP20C-ECO]], which is repowered with an EMD 8-710-G3A engine in place of the original 567 prime mover.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Repowered Locomotives|url=https://www.progressrail.com/en/Segments/RollingStock/Locomotives/RepoweredLocomotives.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Progress Rail|language=en}}</ref>

=== SP GP9E and GP9R ===
Between April 1970 and March 1979, the [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway]] (also known as the "Cotton Belt Route") and the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]] had rebuilt the majority of their EMD GP9 locomotives into [[Southern Pacific GP9E and GP9R|SP GP9E and GP9R]] locomotives.

==Preservation==
At least 23 GP9 locomotives have been preserved at various railroad museums, as "park engines", and as excursion engines according to The Diesel Shop:
* B&O 6607, originally numbered 3414, is at the [[B&O Railroad Museum]], Baltimore, Maryland, in operating condition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B&O No.6607 |url=http://www.borail.org/6607.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904123105/http://www.borail.org/6607.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=B&O Railroad Museum}}</ref>
* [[Southern Pacific Railroad|Southern Pacific]] 3194, a GP9R rebuild built as [[Texas and New Orleans Railroad|Texas and New Orleans]] 281, is at the Golden Gate RR Museum, California. It is in operating condition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GGRM: Collection|url=https://www.ggrm.org/collection/SP3194|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.ggrm.org}}</ref>
* Northern Pacific 245 preserved at the [[Lake Superior Railroad Museum]] in Duluth, currently painted as North Shore Scenic Railroad 245.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diesel Locomotives|url=https://lsrm.org/project/diesel-locomotives/|access-date=2022-09-27|website=Lake Superior Railroad Museum}}</ref>
* Norfolk & Western 514 was donated to the Roanoke Chapter of the National Railroad Historical Society in August 2024. This locomotive is one of two surviving unrebuilt former N&W GP9s. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://railfan.com/norfolk-western-gp9-saved-for-preservation/ |title=Norfolk & Western GP9 Saved for Preservation }}</ref>
{{For|a complete list|List of preserved EMD GP9 locomotives}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:CNR Yellowhead.jpg|[[Canadian National Railway|CN]] GP9 leads a train up [[Yellowhead Pass]].
File:EMD GP9.jpg|An [[MBTA]] GP9 locomotive making a non-revenue move into [[South Station (Boston)|South Station]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. This locomotive was retired by the MBTA in 2004 and is now on static display at the Illinois Railway Museum as of September 2014.
File:GP9.jpg|A modified EMD GP9 of the [[Seminole Gulf Railway]], [[Fort Myers, Florida]].
File:GTW Loco No.4619.jpg|This GTW rebuilt GP9 4619 is heading south on the Kalamazoo spur in Kalamazoo, MI.
File:BNSF 1685.JPG|Former BNSF 1685 high hood GP9 sitting in the Prairie Dog Central Yard. This was the last GP9 on the BNSF roster.
File:NSSR245.jpg|Former [[Northern Pacific Railway|Northern Pacific]] 245, operational on the [[North Shore Scenic Railroad]] in [[Duluth, Minnesota]].
File:DGVR40 Staunton WJGrimes.JPG|An EMD GP9 equipped with [[dynamic brakes]] on the [[Shenandoah Valley Railroad (short-line)|Shenandoah Valley Railroad]] in [[Staunton, Virginia]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of EMD locomotives]]
* [[List of GMD Locomotives]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book|last=Marre|first=Louis|title=Diesel locomotives : the first 50 years : a guide to diesels built before 1972 | url=https://archive.org/details/diesellocomotive0000marr | isbn=978-0-89024-258-2 | date=1995 | publisher=Kalmbach Publishing | location=Waukesha, Wisconsin}}
* {{Solomon-North American Locomotives}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFSolomon2012}}
* {{Wilson-Guide}}

== Further reading ==
*  ''[[Extra 2200 South]]'', Issue no. 32, January–February 1972 Early Geep Tally- Part II 
* ''Extra 2200 South'', Issue no.48, Sep-Oct 1974
* ''Extra 2200 South'', Issue no.49, Nov-Dec 1974
* {{cite web|title=The History of EMD Diesel Engines |work=Pacific Southwest Railway Museum |url=http://www.sdrm.org/roster/diesel/emd/history/ |access-date=December 14, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722194452/http://www.sdrm.org/roster/diesel/emd/history/ |archive-date=July 22, 2014 }}
* {{Dorin-North Western|pages=108–110}}
* {{cite book|last=Pinkpank|first=Jerry A|title=The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide|year=1973|publisher=Kalmbach Books|lccn=66-22894|isbn=0-89024-026-4|pages=12, 26, 52–56}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|EMD GP9 locomotives}}
* [https://www.american-rails.com/22834.html EMD "GP9" Locomotives: Data Sheet, Specs, Roster]

{{EMD GPs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emd Gp9}}
[[Category:B-B locomotives]]
[[Category:Electro-Motive Division locomotives|GP09]]
[[Category:General Motors Diesel locomotives|GP09]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1954]]
[[Category:Locomotives with cabless variants]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Canada]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Mexico]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Peru]]
[[Category:Broad gauge locomotives in Brazil]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Brazil]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Canada]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Peru]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway locomotives]]
[[Category:Canadian National Railway locomotives]]
[[Category:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad locomotives]]
[[Category:Great Northern Railway (United States) locomotives]]
[[Category:Illinois Central locomotives]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania Railroad locomotives]]
[[Category:Southern Pacific Railroad locomotives]]
[[Category:St. Louis Southwestern Railway]]
[[Category:Union Pacific Railroad locomotives]]