View source for EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives

{{Short description|Passenger diesel locomotive class}}
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{{Infobox locomotive
| name = EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives
| image = New Jersey Transit train 53 to Port Jervis.jpg
| caption = A Metro-North Railroad GP40FH locomotive entering [[Secaucus Junction]]
| powertype = [[Diesel-electric]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| builder = [[Electro-Motive Diesel]] (EMD)
| aarwheels = B-B
| uicclass = Bo'Bo'
| Britishclass = Bo-Bo
| cylindercount = 
| primemover = 
| maxspeed = {{convert|77-105|mph|kph|0|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|2000-3000|hp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| locale = [[North America]]
}}

The passenger locomotives derivatives of the [[General Motors]] [[EMD GP40]] [[diesel-electric locomotive|diesel-electric]] locomotive have been, and continue to be, used by multiple passenger railroads in North America. For passenger service, the locomotives required extra components for providing [[Steam generator (railroad)|steam]] or [[head-end power]] (HEP) for heating, lighting and electricity in passenger cars. Most of these passenger locomotives were rebuilt from older freight locomotives, while some were built as brand new models.

== GP40TC ==
[[File:Toronto's GO Transit 501 in October 1980 (34593118111).jpg|thumb|right|[[GO Transit]] GP40TC {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 501 with [[Bombardier Bi-Level Coach]]es in October 1980]]

[[File:AMTK 525.jpg|thumb|right|[[Amtrak]] GP40TC No.525 is standing by at [[Boston South Station]] in March 2002]]

The '''GMD GP40TC''' was built by [[General Motors Diesel]] (GMD), for [[GO Transit]] in [[Toronto]]. Eight units were manufactured between 1966 and 1968. They were built on an extended frame to accommodate a [[head-end power]] generator.<ref name="wilson">{{cite book | title=The Model Railroader's Guide to Diesel Locomotives | first=Jeff | last=Wilson | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt8OtslzijYC | publisher=[[Kalmbach Publishing]] | year=2009| isbn=9780890247617 }}</ref>{{rp|55}} GO Transit sold the fleet to [[Amtrak]] in 1988,<ref name="solomon" />{{rp|106}}  where they were based in Chicago and used on short-haul trains.

In 2005, the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]] rebuilt all eight GP40TC locomotives at its [[Altoona Works|Juniata Shops]] in [[Altoona, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altoonaworks.info/rebuilds/amtk_gp38h-3.html|title=AltoonaWorks.info -- AMTK GP38H-3 Rebuilds|website=www.altoonaworks.info|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2019}} These are now classed as '''GP38H-3''', and work as maintenance-of-way trains or standby power for ''[[Downeaster (train)|Downeaster]]'' trains.
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== GP40P ==
[[File:CNJ 3676 at Bay Head, NJ in August 1971 (25433986063).jpg|thumb|right|[[EMD GP40-2|GP40P]] 3676 operating on the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]].]]
Thirteen GP40Ps were built in October 1968 for the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]] (CNJ) and paid for by the [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]] (NJDOT). The CNJ put the units in service on the [[Raritan Valley Line]] and the [[North Jersey Coast Line]].

The CNJ's passenger operations were transferred to NJDOT in 1976 (with [[Conrail]] operating them under contract), and in 1983 [[New Jersey Transit]] assumed operating passenger rail service in the state. Shortly after, the steam generator, which had occupied the flat end of the locomotive's [[Hood unit|long hood]], was replaced with a diesel [[Head-end power|HEP]] [[Engine-generator|generator]], and the units were reclassified as GP40PH. They would later be rebuilt as [[#GP40PH-2|GP40PH-2]] units in 1991–92.

=== GP40P-2 ===
[[File:SP 3197 with Peninsula Commute train 126 at San Jose, March 1985.jpg|thumb|SP GP40P-2 #3197]]
[[Southern Pacific]] ordered a [[EMD Dash 2|Dash-2]] variant of the GP40P; only three of these were ever built. After the conclusion of passenger service, they were repurposed for freight use. All three units are still in service, with two being retained by the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] and the remaining one sold to the [[Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad]].
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== GP40FH-2 ==
[[File:West-of-Hudson's Finest.jpg|[[Metro-North Railroad]] GP40FH-2 No. 4905 at Suffern Yard|thumb]]
In 1987, [[New Jersey Transit]] and [[Metro-North Railroad|Metro-North]] ordered a set of GP40 locomotives called GP40FH-2s, which were completed by [[Morrison Knudsen]] between 1987 and 1990. These locomotives combine the standard cab and frame of a GP40 with the cowl from an ex-[[Burlington Northern Railroad|Burlington Northern]] [[EMD F45|F45]] locomotive. A total of 21 units of this type were built; 15 were delivered to New Jersey Transit, and the remaining six were for Metro-North.

As of late 2016, only the Metro-North units remain in service, rebuilt as GP40FH-2Ms. All NJT GP40FH-2 locomotives have been retired following the delivery of the [[ALP-45DP]]. Five units were rebuilt into [[MPI MP20B]] switchers in 2008. Seven NJT units were purchased by [[Iowa Pacific Holdings]] and three of those were designated for use on the [[Hoosier State (train)|''Hoosier State'']] between Chicago and Indianapolis before [[Amtrak]] took over operations again on January 30, 2017. The rest of the units have been sold to various other operators.
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== GP40PH-2==
[[File:GP40PH-2B 4217 Maplewood.jpg|thumb|[[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]] GP40PH-2B No. 4217 heads west out of [[Maplewood (NJT station)|Maplewood]]]]
[[File:GP40PH-2 4109 Maplewood.jpg|thumb|right|[[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]] [[Diesel locomotive|locomotive]] 4109 in CNJ livery at [[Maplewood, New Jersey]], 2020]]
In 1991–92, [[NJ Transit]] sent its ex-CNJ GP40PH units out for rebuilding. The units were rebuilt as GP40PH-2 locomotives.

New Jersey Transit would later order two more sets of GP40PH-2 units; these units were rebuilt from former freight GP40 units. The first order in 1993 consisted of six units rebuilt by [[Morrison-Knudsen]] which are designated GP40PH-2A. The second order in 1993–94 was for 19 former [[Penn Central Transportation|Penn Central]] units rebuilt by [[Conrail]], which are classified as GP40PH-2B.

[[Metro-North Railroad|Metro-North]] ordered a single GP40PH-2 unit, numbered 4906. It was rebuilt by Conrail in 1992 and is classified as a GP40PH-2M.

Starting in 2014, all but three of NJ Transit's original GP40PH-2s have entered an in-house rebuild program by NJ Transit for a mechanical conversion into a standard GP40-2 for non-revenue service. The HEP motor was removed, unlit number boards were drilled in, the rear ladders were removed and replaced with steps, and LED markers were applied to the rear end of the locomotive, replacing their original tri-color class lights. As of 2020, locomotives 4100, 4101 and 4109 are the only ex-CNJ locomotives that remain in service. NJ Transit's GP40PH-2B units and Metro-North's GP40PH-2M unit also remain active. All GP40PH-2A units were retired and placed into storage, except for one unit, which was sold to MARC in 2019.

In December 2017, New Jersey Transit purchased 17 additional ALP-45DPs to replace the remaining GP40PH-2B locomotives that are still in service.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/north-america/nj-transit-to-order-more-alp-45dp-electro-diesels.html | title=NJ Transit to order more electro-diesels | publisher=International Rail Journal | date=December 8, 2017 | access-date=December 8, 2017}}</ref> However, in July 2020, NJ Transit decided to use the ALP-45As to replace older locomotives of the [[Alstom PL42AC|PL42AC]] fleet instead of the GP40PH-2Bs, due to the PL42AC's unreliability and inability to be upgraded to meet new [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] standards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.njtransit.com/press-releases/nj-transit-purchase-eight-additional-dual-powered-locomotives?|title = Nj Transit}}</ref>

In 2019, NJ Transit unveiled locomotive 4109 painted in a heritage scheme based on that of the CNJ GP40P.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/10/08-nj-transit-provides-more-details-on-heritage-units|title=NJ Transit provides more details on heritage units &#124; Trains Magazine|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211165204/http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/10/08-nj-transit-provides-more-details-on-heritage-units|url-status=dead}}</ref> In October 2022, NJ Transit unveiled locomotive 4101 painted in a heritage NJDOT scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franz |first=Justin |date=2022-10-14 |title=NJ Transit Paints GP40PH-2 into DOT 'Bluebird' Scheme |url=https://railfan.com/nj-transit-paints-gp40ph-2-into-dot-bluebird-scheme/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Railfan & Railroad Magazine |language=en-CA}}</ref> In October 2023, GP40PH-2B 4210 was repainted into the [[Erie Railroad]] black-and-yellow scheme. In October 2024, locomotive 4208 was unveiled in Conrail's "can opener" scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-06 |title=News photo: NJ Transit’s newest heritage unit |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/news-photo-nj-transits-newest-heritage-unit/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Trains |language=en-US}}</ref>
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== GP39H-2 ==
[[File:MARC GP39PH-2 70.jpg|thumb|[[MARC Train|MARC]] GP39H-2 No. 70 at [[Odenton (MARC station)|Odenton]]]]
In the late 1980s, [[Morrison-Knudsen]] rebuilt six GP40s into 12-cylinder GP39s for [[MARC Train|MARC]]. They were downgraded from {{convert|3000|hp}} to {{convert|2300|hp}}, and re-equipped with 4-stroke [[Cummins]] [[Head end power|HEP]] generators. As of 2023, all were rebuilt as GP39PH-3Cs, and they continue to be used by MARC for smaller train sets and work train duty.{{Clear}}

== GP40WH-2 ==
[[File:MARC52.jpg|thumb|right|[[MARC Train|MARC]] GP40WH-2 No. 52 at [[Camden Station]], [[Baltimore|Baltimore, Maryland]]]]
In 1993, [[Morrison-Knudsen]] was contacted by the [[Maryland Transit Administration]] to assemble a fleet of GP40s for use on [[MARC Train|MARC]]. They entered service in 1994. GP40WH-2s are equipped with a [[Cummins]] [[head-end power]] generator. The [[Federal Railroad Administration]] exempted these units from the "triangular light pattern" rule because the engines were ordered with [[Gyralite]]s before the mandatory use of [[ditch lights]].

Between 2009 and 2011, MARC retired all of their GP40WH-2 locomotives in favor of new [[MPI MPXpress|MP36PH-3C]] locomotives,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtamaryland.com/services/marc/serviceInformation/On_Your_MARC_Text.cfm |title=MTA Expands MARC Penn Line Service |publisher=MTA Maryland Service Information |access-date=February 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331152834/http://www.mtamaryland.com/services/marc/serviceInformation/On_Your_MARC_Text.cfm |archive-date=March 31, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> except for unit 68, which remains for non-revenue work duty and rescue use. Five units were leased to the MBTA in 2011 until 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/03/16/mbta_finalizes_lease_terms_for_5_trains/|title=MBTA finalizes lease terms for 5 trains|newspaper=Boston.com}}</ref> and one unit was sent to [[CSX Transportation]] for use on their [[Track geometry car|track geometry train]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} The remaining units have been rebuilt by [[MotivePower]] into [[MPI MPXpress|MP32PH-Q]] locomotives for use on [[SunRail]]<ref name="sunrail">{{cite journal | url=http://trn.trains.com/en/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2011/09/SunRail%20Sound%20Transit%20order%20MotivePower%20locomotives.aspx | title=SunRail, Sound Transit order MotivePower locomotives | date=September 12, 2011 | access-date=September 13, 2011 | journal=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] | archive-date=September 20, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920014216/http://trn.trains.com/en/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2011/09/SunRail%20Sound%20Transit%20order%20MotivePower%20locomotives.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> or sold to various leasing firms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pnlxrail.com/locomotives |title=Locomotives for Lease &#124; Precision Locomotive &#124; United States }}</ref>
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== GP40-2H ==
[[File:Hartford Line locomotive at New Haven Union Station, September 2018.JPG|thumb|right|[[CTrail]] GP40-3H No. 6695 at [[Union Station (New Haven)|New Haven Union Station]]]]
In 1996, [[AMF Technotransport]] rebuilt six freight locomotives into passenger locomotives for the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]] for use on [[Shore Line East]] service. The locomotives, designated GP40-2H, were rebuilt from ex-[[CSX Transportation]] [[EMD GP38]]s and [[EMD GP40]]s. The rebuild included an [[EMD 645]] prime mover, producing {{convert|3000|hp|abbr=on}}, and a separate [[head-end power]] (HEP) generator.<ref>{{cite web | title=NRE to overhaul Connecticut DOT commuter rail locomotives | work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains News Wire]] | date=March 20, 2017 | url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2017/03/20-nre-to-overhaul-connecticut-dot-commuter-rail-locomotives | access-date=March 21, 2017 | archive-date=April 10, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410141400/http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2017/03/20-nre-to-overhaul-connecticut-dot-commuter-rail-locomotives | url-status=dead }}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Between 2017 and 2018, the GP40-2H locomotives received an overhaul performed by [[National Railway Equipment]] and were reclassified as GP40-3H.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2017/03/20-nre-to-overhaul-connecticut-dot-commuter-rail-locomotives|title=NRE to overhaul Connecticut DOT commuter rail locomotives &#124; Trains Magazine|access-date=March 21, 2017|archive-date=April 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410141400/http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2017/03/20-nre-to-overhaul-connecticut-dot-commuter-rail-locomotives|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vantuono |first=William C. |date=2017-03-14 |title=NRE lands ConnDOT locomotive contract |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/commuterregional/nre-lands-conndot-locomotive-contract/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Railway Age |language=en-US}}</ref> They were subsequently transferred to the newly established [[Hartford Line]] service, where they remain in service as of June 2018. In 2022, the remaining Shore Line East equipment was moved into service on the Hartford Line after CTDOT introduced [[M8 (railcar)|M8]] [[electric multiple unit]]s to operate on Shore Line East service.<ref name=futureplans>{{cite web |url=http://www.ct.gov/dot/lib/dot/SLE_Service_Expansion_Report.pdf |title=Expanding Rail Service |publisher=Connecticut Department of Transportation |date=January 1, 2007 |access-date=March 21, 2017}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2022|reason=2022 event cited to a 2007 source}}
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== GP40MC ==
[[File:MBTA 1119 at North Station, October 2005.jpg|thumb|[[MBTA]] GP40MC No. 1119 at [[North Station]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]] in 2005]]
The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] currently owns and operates a set of 25 GP40 passenger diesels known as GP40MCs, used on the [[MBTA Commuter Rail]] system. They were originally built by [[General Motors Diesel]] as GP40-2LWs for Canadian National in 1973–75. In 1997–98, these units were extensively rebuilt by AMF. Although they have been principally used on the lines from [[North Station]], these locomotives can also be seen commonly on the [[South Station]] lines. Currently,{{when|date=June 2025}} the GP40MCs are undergoing an overhaul by the Norfolk Southern Railway, which includes repair and modification to the major propulsion systems and the HEP generators.

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== Other locomotives ==
Other passenger locomotives based on the GP40 locomotive include the following:

*EMD/M-K RP39-2C, operated by the [[Virginia Railway Express]]. 10 units, now retired since 2010. All sold to other operators.<ref name=DieselShop>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedieselshop.us/VRE.HTML|title=VIRGINIA RAILWAY EXPRESS|website=www.thedieselshop.us|access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref>
*EMD/M-K RP40-2C, operated by Virginia Railway Express. Two units, now retired since 2010 and sold to other operators.<ref name=DieselShop/>
*EMD/AMF GP40H-2, operated by Virginia Railway Express. Three units, now retired since 2010 and since sold to other operators.<ref name=DieselShop/>
*EMD/AMF GP40PH-2 (not to be confused with the NJT-operated units), operated by the [[North Carolina Department of Transportation]] for the ''Piedmont'' service. Two units, now retired. One was sold to Virginia Railway Express (since retired), other retired after a wreck.
*[[EMD GP49|EMD/MAC GP49H-3]], operated by [[Tri-Rail]]. 6 units were rebuilt by Mid American Car in 2006 after being purchased from [[Norfolk Southern Railway]] in 2001. Three units have been retired, remaining units are expected to be retired in 2025.

== See also ==
*[[List of GM-EMD locomotives]]
*[[List of GMD Locomotives]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="solomon">{{Solomon-Amtrak}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal|author=Moran, Miles|year=1975|title=And Passenger Service Too|journal=Railroad Modeler|volume=5|issue=8|pages=40–47}}

== External links ==
{{Amtrak rolling stock}}{{CTrail navbox}}{{EMD GPs}}

[[Category:B-B locomotives]]
[[Category:Electro-Motive Division locomotives|GP40-based passenger diesels]]
[[Category:General Motors Diesel locomotives|GP40-based passenger diesels]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Canada]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Canada]]
[[Category:American Passenger Locomotives]]