View source for EMD F40PH

{{Short description|North American diesel locomotive class}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = EMD F40PH / F40PHR
| powertype = Diesel-electric
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| image = AMTK 315 Tun17 CZ Nwcstle Mar1995RP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg
| caption = [[Amtrak]] {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 315 F40PHR on the eastbound ''[[California Zephyr]]'' at Tunnel No. 17 near [[Newcastle, California]] in 1995
| builder = [[General Motors|GM]] [[Electro-Motive Diesel|Electro-Motive Division]] (EMD)<br />[[General Motors Diesel]] (GMD)<br />[[Morrison-Knudsen]] (MK)<br />[[MotivePower]] (MPI)
| aarwheels = [[AAR wheel arrangement#B-B|B-B]]
| uicclass = Bo'Bo'
| trucks = [[Blomberg M]]
| poweroutput = {{convert|3000|-|3200|hp|MW|abbr=on}}
| builddate = {{Plainlist|
* 1975–1992 (EMD)
* 1988–2007 (MK / MPI)
}}
| totalproduction = {{Plainlist|
* 475 (EMD)
* 31 (MK / MPI)
}}
| primemover = [[EMD 645|EMD 16-645E3]]
| alternator = AR10/D14
| tractionmotors = D77
| length = {{convert|56|ft|2|in|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| width = {{convert|10|ft|7|in|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| height = {{convert|15|ft|7.5|in|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|260000|-|282000|lb|abbr=on}}
| enginetype = [[V16 engine|V16]] [[Diesel engine|Diesel]]
| aspiration = [[Turbocharger|Turbocharged]]
| cylindercount = 16
| multipleworking = AAR
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]], [[Dynamic brake|Dynamic]]
| trainbrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]
| coupling = Knuckle
| maxspeed = {{convert|103|-|110|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| notes = <ref name="McDonnell-2015-202" />
}}
The ''' EMD F40PH''' is a four-axle {{convert|3000|-|3200|hp|MW|abbr=on}} [[AAR wheel arrangement#B-B|B-B]] [[Diesel-electric transmission|diesel-electric]] [[locomotive]] built by [[General Motors]] [[Electro-Motive Diesel|Electro-Motive Division]] in several variants from 1975 to 1992. Intended for use on [[Amtrak]]'s short-haul passenger routes, it became the backbone of Amtrak's diesel fleet after the failure of the [[EMD SDP40F]]. The F40PH also found widespread use on commuter railroads in the United States and with [[VIA Rail]] in Canada. Additional F40PH variants were manufactured by [[Morrison-Knudsen]] and [[MotivePower]] between 1988 and 1998, mostly rebuilt from older locomotives.

Amtrak retired its fleet of F40PHs in the early-2000s in favor of the [[GE Genesis]], but the locomotive remains the mainstay of VIA Rail's long-distance trains; a depiction of the locomotive hauling ''[[Canadian (train)|The Canadian]]'' is featured on the reverse of the [[Frontier Series#$10 note|Frontier series]] [[Canadian ten-dollar note|Canadian $10 bill]]. The F40PHs are still a common sight on many other commuter railroads throughout the United States. In addition, Amtrak has kept 22 of its F40PHs in use as [[control car#Amtrak|non-powered control units]].<ref name="Simon 2011 42">{{Harvnb|Simon|Warner|2011|p=42}}</ref>

==Background==
Amtrak inherited an aging and mechanically incompatible fleet of diesel locomotives from [[List of railroads eligible to participate in the formation of Amtrak|various private railroads]] on its startup in 1971. The most modern locomotives remained in private hands for freight service, or to operate the various [[commuter rail|commuter]] services which, by law, did not pass to Amtrak.<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=57}}</ref> To replace these Amtrak ordered 150 [[EMD SDP40F]] locomotives, which began entering service in 1973. These were supplemented by 25 [[GE P30CH]]s which entered service in 1975. The SDP40F was a troubled design; problems with weight distribution led to a series of derailments in the mid-1970s.<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=58}}</ref> Meanwhile, the poor [[bogie|truck]] design of the P30CH (and the electric [[GE E60]]CP) curtailed further orders of that unit when Amtrak found itself needing more short- and medium-distance power in the spring of 1975.<ref name="Holland-2009-59">{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=59}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:Metra Locomotive EMD F40PHM-2.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Blue locomotive on raised track|Metra EMD F40PHM-2 {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 206 near Stuart Field in Chicago, Illinois]]
The design of the F40PH was based on the [[EMD GP40-2]] freight [[road switcher locomotive]] and shared that locomotive's [[turbocharged]] [[EMD 645]]E3 V16 cylinder, two-stroke, water-cooled [[diesel engine]] ([[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]]). The prime mover developed {{convert|3000|hp|MW|1|abbr=on}} at 893 RPM. The main (traction) [[Electrical generator|generator]] converts mechanical energy from the prime mover into electricity distributed through a [[high voltage]] cabinet to the [[traction motor]]s. Each of the four traction motors is geared to a pair of [[driving wheel]]s; the gear ratio determines the maximum speed of the locomotive.<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=60}}</ref> A standard F40PH has a gear ratio of 57:20, permitting a maximum speed of {{convert|103|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Solomon-2016-33">{{Harvnb|Solomon|2016|p=33}}</ref> Some Amtrak F40PHs were delivered with a 56:21 gearing for {{convert|110|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Trains-1999-56">{{Harvnb|Graham-White|Weil|1999|p=56}}</ref> The first 30 locomotives were built with a {{convert|1500|gal|adj=on}} fuel tank. Subsequent units were built with a {{convert|1800|gal|adj=on}} tank. Beginning with the '''EMD F40PH-2''', introduced in 1985, the prime mover developed {{convert|3200|hp|MW}}. Many of the original F40PHs were updated to match that output.<ref name="McDonnell-2002-183">{{Harvnb|McDonnell|2002|p=183}}</ref> The locomotives were {{convert|56|ft|2|in}} long.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pinkepank|Marre|1979|p=76}}</ref> A standard F40PH weighs {{convert|260000|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="McDonnell-2015-202" />

For passenger service the F40PH has another electrical alternator, the [[head end power|head-end generator]]. The HEP unit generates [[Three-phase electric power|three-phase]] [[alternating current|AC]] power at 480 [[Volt|V]] (500&nbsp;kW on the first order, 800&nbsp;kW on later units) for lighting, heating and air-conditioning the train. Originally, F40PHs powered the HEP alternator from the prime mover. As a result of that, the train had to be at a constant 60&nbsp;Hz frequency, and the prime mover had to turn at a constant 893 RPM while supplying head end power (even standing still, with the throttle in idle). Power to the traction motors was controlled by varying the field excitation of the main (traction) generator.<ref name="Trains-1999-56" /> On some later versions of the F40PH (and on many rebuilt F40s), a second small auxiliary diesel engine at the rear of the locomotive powers the HEP alternator. In these engines, the prime-mover speed varies in the usual way. They can be identified by the diesel exhaust at the rear of the locomotive and by their quiet idle. Remaining F40s, with the constant-RPM prime movers, are noticeably louder.<ref>{{Harvnb|McDonnell|2002|p=184}}</ref>

In the initial design the battery box and [[Railway air brake|air reservoirs]] were located forward of the fuel tank. In locomotives manufactured after 1977 these were relocated behind the tank. The battery box returned to its original location in the F40PH-2.<ref>{{Harvnb|McDonnell|2002|p=182}}</ref> The F40PH-2s delivered to [[Caltrain]] incorporated [[Southern Pacific Railroad]]-style headlights.<ref>{{Harvnb|Solomon|2016|p=34}}</ref>

The designation "F40PH" stood for the following: "F" for the full-width cowl carbody, "40" as the locomotive is part of EMD's 40-series (based on the GP40-2 freight locomotive), "P" for passenger service, and "H" for head-end power.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ingles|1975|p=25}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:AMTK 257 at Agnew june 1980xRP.jpg|right|thumb|Amtrak EMD F40PHR {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 257 leading the ''[[Coast Starlight]]'' at Agnew in 1980, followed by a pair of [[EMD SDP40F]]s]]
[[File:Thecanadiannearjasper.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Passenger train rounding a bend, with snow-capped mountains in background|Rebuilt VIA Rail F40PH-2D No. 6434 leading the ''[[Canadian (train)|Canadian]]'' near [[Jasper, Alberta]] in 2011, with an original unit following]]

Amtrak ordered its first 30 EMD F40PHs on May&nbsp;8, 1975. The first of the new locomotives entered service on April 9, 1976. Amtrak intended the locomotives for short routes such as the ''[[San Diegan (train)|San Diegan]]'' in California and [[Northeast Corridor]] services in the then non-electrified route portion between [[New Haven, Connecticut]] and [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]].<ref name="Holland-2009-59" /> 

The long-distance routes were protected by the then-new [[EMD SDP40F]], described by J.&nbsp;David Ingles in late 1975 as the "stars of Amtrak's long-distance trains".<ref>{{Harvnb|Ingles|1975|p=24}}</ref>  However,  two events led to a major change in thinking within Amtrak regarding the EMD SDP40F. The first event was a sharp decline in the mechanical reliability of the EMD SDP40F, including several derailments. The second event was the [[Blizzard of 1977#Winter of 1976–1977|unusually harsh winter of 1976–1977]], which sidelined many of Amtrak's aging steam-heated coaches. Amtrak suspended numerous routes and pressed the new [[head end power|HEP]]-equipped [[Amfleet|Amfleet I]] coaches, designed for short runs, into service. The F40PH, with its built-in HEP generator, was the natural choice to haul these coaches.<ref name="Trains-1999-56"/> As problems with the EMD SDP40F mounted, Amtrak adopted the F40PH as its long-term solution nationwide for diesel engine service. 

In the spring of 1977 Amtrak traded 40 EMD SDP40Fs back to EMD. Components including the prime mover were installed into an EMD F40PH frame. The 40 rebuilt locomotives, designated '''F40PHR''', were identical to new-build EMD F40PHs, incorporating the larger fuel tank and more powerful HEP generator which had become standard.<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=61}}</ref> 

Amtrak ultimately acquired 132 F40PHRs in this manner&nbsp;— which combined with new orders between 1975 and 1988 and with the purchase of six GMD F40PHs from GO Transit in 1990&nbsp;— led to a fleet of 216 locomotives, the country's largest fleet.<ref name="Trains-1999-59">{{Harvnb|Graham-White|Weil|1999|p=59}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Graham-White and Weil do not list Nos. 401–409 as F40PHRs; this is contradicted by Cook,<ref>{{Harvnb|Cook|1991|p=50}}</ref> Simon and Warner,<ref>{{Harvnb|Simon|Warner|2011|pp=27–30}}</ref> and Holland.<ref name="Holland-2009-62" />}}

The first commuter rail operator to order F40PHs was Chicago's [[Regional Transportation Authority (Illinois)|Regional Transportation Authority (RTA)]], a forerunner to [[Metra]], who ordered 74 between 1977 and 1983. Metra ordered 41 more between 1988 and 1992. Other agencies who bought the F40PH included the [[MBTA Commuter Rail|Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA)]] (18), [[Caltrain]] (20), [[GO Transit]] (6), [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|New Jersey Transit]] (17), and [[VIA Rail]] (59). Finally, the rail construction firm [[Speno]] ordered four. In total EMD built 449 locomotives, including the F40PHR trade-ins.<ref name="Trains-1999-59" />

The F40PH performed well for Amtrak: at the start of the 1990s only four had been retired due to wrecks. The locomotive was at the center of Amtrak's advertising.<ref name="Holland-2009-62">{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=62}}</ref> ''[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]]'' magazine estimated that on average, each F40PH traveled as many as {{convert|175000|mi}} a year.<ref>{{Harvnb|Graham-White|Weil|1999|p=58}}</ref> 

Amtrak began replacing the F40PH with the [[GE Dash 8-32BWH]] in 1991, the [[GE Genesis|GE P40DC]] in 1993, and the [[GE Genesis|GE P42DC]] in 1996.<ref>{{Harvnb|Graham-White|Weil|1999|p=60}}</ref> All were retired by 2001 with the arrival of the last P42DC,<ref name="Holland-2009-62" /> and their last regular assignment was on the ''[[Maple Leaf (train)|Maple Leaf]]'' in December 2001.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lustig|2002|p=24}}</ref> The [[Panama Canal Railway]] acquired several ex-Amtrak F40PHs for both freight and passenger service; the 480V head-end power matched the voltage used by the refrigeration in [[Maersk Sealand]] containers.<ref>{{Harvnb|Johnston|2002|pp=45–46}}</ref>

The EMD F40PH has continued to serve VIA Rail into the 21st century: between 2007 and 2012 VIA refurbished its entire fleet for [[Canadian dollar|CAD]]$100&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viarail.ca/sites/all/files/media/pdfs/About_VIA/our-company/capital-investment-plan/MR071211E%20-%20F-40%20Rebuild%20Announcement.pdf |title=VIA Rail Canada and CAD Railway Industries Ltd. Sign $100 Million, 5-year Contract to Rebuild 53 F-40 Locomotives |access-date=December 27, 2013}}</ref> The rebuild program included separate HEP generators, overhauled engines, a third headlight addition, cab reconditioning, additional safety horns at the front, and repainting into the newer VIA scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viarail.ca/sites/all/files/media/pdfs/About_VIA/our-company/capital-investment-plan/BK071211E-%20F-40%20Rebuild%20Award%20Announcement.pdf |title=Backgrounder: The locomotive rebuild program |access-date=December 27, 2013}}</ref> Rebuilt locomotive No.&nbsp;6403, pulling the ''[[Canadian (train)|Canadian]]'' through the [[Rocky Mountains]], was included on the back of the redesigned [[Canadian ten-dollar note]] in 2013 (The actual 6403 was later renumbered to 6459.)<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/zoom-5-10-dollar-bills/ | title=More plastic for your wallet: A look at Canada's new polymer bills | work=[[CBC News]] | date=November 7, 2013 | access-date=August 6, 2016}}</ref> As of 2018, VIA has 53 such EMD F40PH locomotives in service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.viarail.ca/en/about-via-rail/our-fleet/locomotives-f40ph-2 |title=Locomotives – F40PH-2 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018 |website=VIA Rail |access-date=June 23, 2018 }}</ref> VIA started another round of rebuilding for 39 F40PH-2D locomotives in 2024, with the goal of extending their lifespan to 2035.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/news-photo-bound-for-rebuilding/|access-date=October 4, 2024|date=September 29, 2024|title=News photo: Bound for rebuilding|website=Trains News Wire}}</ref> These F40PH locomotives are now supplemented by [[GE P42DC]] locomotives delivered in 2001 and by [[Siemens Charger#Via Rail|Siemens SCV-42]] locomotives delivered in 2023.
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== Variants ==
[[File:Speno International RMS101 at CP Yard at Coquitlam, BC on September 20, 1987 (22423087108).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rust-red locomotive with smooth front in rail yard|Speno EMD F40PH-2M {{abbr|No.|Number}} 101 at [[Coquitlam, British Columbia]] in 1987]]
[[File:Amtrak 90221 on the Hiawatha Service, December 2010.jpg|thumb|right|alt=White and blue locomotive|Amtrak NPCU No. 90221 on the ''[[Hiawatha (Amtrak train)|Hiawatha]]'']]

The longevity of the F40PH has led to numerous conversions, rebuildings, and remanufacturings. In some instances new locomotives were assembled using EMD components. Several transit agencies lengthened their locomotives to include a separate HEP generator. These were designated '''F40PH-2C''' and '''F40PH-2CAT''' where [[Cummins]] and [[Caterpillar Inc|Caterpillar]] generators were used, respectively.<ref name="Trains-1999-57">{{Harvnb|Graham-White|Weil|1999|p=57}}</ref> The F40PH-2C was considerably heavier than the standard design, weighing {{convert|282000|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="McDonnell-2015-202">{{Harvnb|McDonnell|2015|p=202}}</ref> The '''F40PH-2D''', employed by Via Rail, had special customizations for operating in Canada, including [[ditch lights]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Wilson|2009|p=76}}</ref> Metra's last 30 locomotives, designated '''F40PHM-2''' (now rebuilt as '''F40PHM-3'''), were built with a sloped cab similar to the experimental [[EMD F69PHAC]]. The streamlined appearance acquired the nickname "[[Winnebago Industries|Winnebago]]."<ref name="Trains-1999-57" /> Speno's four locomotives, designated '''F40PH-2M''', were delivered without [[turbocharger]]s, limiting power output to {{convert|2000|hp}}.<ref name="Trains-1999-57" /> The five [[EMD GP40]] locomotives Morrison-Knudsen rebuilt for Tri-Rail in 1988 were designated '''F40PHL-2'''.<ref name="Trains-1999-59" /> [[Progress Rail]] rebuilt 41 Metra units with remanufactured engines, rebuilt traction motors and microprocessor traction control. These have been designated the '''F40PH-3'''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/n-america/single-view/view/rebuilt-metra-locomotive-returns-to-chicago.html|title=Rebuilt Metra locomotive returns to Chicago|publisher=[[Railway Gazette International]]|date=September 8, 2016|access-date=September 8, 2016|archive-date=September 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909180745/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/n-america/single-view/view/rebuilt-metra-locomotive-returns-to-chicago.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The MBTA's dozen '''F40PHM-2C''' locomotives were built new by MotivePower using EMD components, as were the six '''F40PH-3C''' locomotives of the [[Altamont Corridor Express|Altamont Commuter Express]].<ref name="Solomon-2016-156">{{Harvnb|Solomon|2012|p=156}}: "12 [MBTA F40PH] were built in 1992 and 1993 by Boise-based MK Rail using EMD primary components"</ref><ref name="Solomon-2016-34">{{Harvnb|Solomon|2016|p=34}}: "In the 1990s, MK Rail/Motive Power Industries' Boise Locomotives constructed F40PH-3Cs [...] These use most of the same fundamental components of the EMD-built locomotives"</ref> The MBTA's F40PH-2C and F40PHM-2 locomotives were later rebuilt by MotivePower into '''F40PH-3C''' locomotives starting in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/01-mbta-receives-first-of-10-rebuilt-f40s/|title=MBTA receives first of 10 rebuilt F40s|website=Trains News Wire|date=November 3, 2020|access-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/fmcb-meeting-docs/2019/04-april/2019-04-29-fmcb-Q-commuter-rail-locomotive-overhaul-accessible.pdf|date=April 29, 2019|access-date=October 4, 2024|title=Fiscal and Management Control Board Commuter Rail Locomotive Overhaul Contract|website=Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712233748/https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/fmcb-meeting-docs/2019/04-april/2019-04-29-fmcb-Q-commuter-rail-locomotive-overhaul-accessible.pdf|archive-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>

As Amtrak's F40PH fleet was replaced by newer [[GE Genesis]]-series locomotives, Amtrak converted a number of the retired units into [[baggage car|baggage]]/[[Control car (rail)|cab cars]]. Colloquially known as "cabbages" (a [[portmanteau]] of "cab" and "baggage"), and officially known as '''Non-Powered Control Units''' (NPCUs), these units had their diesel engines, traction motors, and main [[alternator]]s removed, as well as a large roll-up door installed in the side (allowing the former engine compartment to be used for baggage).<ref>{{Harvnb|Holland|2009|p=63}}</ref> Amtrak converted 22 locomotives into cabbage cars between 1996 and 2007. Each converted unit was renumbered by prefixing "90" to its original number.<ref name="Simon 2011 42"/> In 2011, Amtrak converted F40PH No. 406 (later renumbered 90406) to an NPCU to enable [[Push-pull train|push-pull]] operation of Amtrak's 40th-anniversary exhibit train; in addition, a HEP generator was installed to supply auxiliary power. However, unlike other NPCUs, it resembles an operational F40PH externally.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://history.amtrak.com/exhibit-train/restoring-the-exhibit-train | title=Exhibit Train Equipment History | publisher=Amtrak | access-date=August 6, 2016 | archive-date=October 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022081018/http://history.amtrak.com/exhibit-train/restoring-the-exhibit-train | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Some F40PHs found their way into freight service, after suitable modifications. The '''F40M-2F''', which runs on the [[San Luis and Rio Grande Railroad]] and formerly the [[Canadian American Railroad]], was regeared for a maximum speed of {{convert|65|mph}} and given an enlarged {{convert|2900|gal}} fuel tank. It was also fitted with a door, platform, and steps at the front.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://railworld-inc.com/forms/F40M-2F-Front.pdf | title=Rail World Locomotive Leasing EMD F40M-2F Freight Locomotive | publisher=[[Rail World]] | access-date=August 7, 2016  | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327231627/http://railworld-inc.com/forms/F40M-2F-Front.pdf | archive-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref> One unit, 450, was acquired by [[Western Maryland Scenic Railroad]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2018/09/18-western-maryland-scenic-acquires-f40-to-bolster-diesel-fleet|title=Western Maryland Scenic acquires F40 to bolster diesel fleet &#124; Trains Magazine|access-date=November 23, 2021|archive-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307032913/http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2018/09/18-western-maryland-scenic-acquires-f40-to-bolster-diesel-fleet}}</ref>

In 2023-2024, Rolling Stock Solutions, an American locomotive leasing company, rebuilt several F40PH locomotives for leasing to commuter rail operators and dubbed them the '''F40PH-4C'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstocksolutions.com/locomotives|title=All new locomotives ready to go|publisher=Rolling Stock Solutions|access-date=October 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004171246/https://www.rollingstocksolutions.com/locomotives|archive-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref> These feature a remanufactured Tier 0+ prime mover ([[EMD 645|EMD 16-645E3B]]) and a separate Tier 4 HEP generator, as well as microprocessor controls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/625998bdf0b499fe829610b2/645e55e0c4bd796383099171_RSS_Sales_SpecSheet_Revision_2.pdf|access-date=October 4, 2024|archive-date=October 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004172148/https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/625998bdf0b499fe829610b2/645e55e0c4bd796383099171_RSS_Sales_SpecSheet_Revision_2.pdf|publisher=Rolling Stock Solutions|title=Remanufactured F40 specification}}</ref> The first of these locomotives, numbered "1001", was unveiled in Boston in mid-October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|website=LinkedIn|url=https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7242606150922158081/|title=RSTX 1001 Heading to Boston|quote=As some of you eagle eyed enthusiasts may have already noticed, our long awaited first locomotive RSTX 1001 is official on its way to Boston! Come see it debut on October 14th to 16th in South Station during the Commuter Rail Coalition Summit!|access-date=October 4, 2024|author=Rolling Stock Solutions}}</ref>

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== Original owners ==
{{Stack|
[[File:Elgin (289733876).jpg|thumb|right|RTA EMD&nbsp;F40PH No. 123 crossing the [[Fox River (Illinois River tributary)|Fox River]] in [[Elgin, Illinois]] in 1981]]
[[File:Tri Rail 803 Hollywood Florida Station (8562303983).jpg|thumb|right|Tri-Rail M-K&nbsp;F40PHL-2 No. 803 at [[Hollywood station (Florida)|Hollywood station]] in 2013]]
}}
Electro-Motive Division manufactured 475 F40PHs of all types between 1975 and 1992. The orders for GO Transit and VIA Rail Canada were built by [[General Motors Diesel]] (GMD), the company's Canadian subsidiary. Morrison-Knudsen (M-K) and its successor [[MotivePower]] (MPI) remanufactured another 31 locomotives between 1988 and 1998.<ref name="Trains-1999-59" />
<!-- This table lists the original owners; it is not a list of current owners and is not intended to reflect current rosters -->
{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
! Railroad !! Model !! Quantity !! Road numbers
|-
| [[Altamont Corridor Express]] || MPI&nbsp;F40PH-3C || 6 || 3101–3106
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Amtrak]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH || 78 || 200–229; 270–279; 300–309; 332–359
|-
| EMD&nbsp;F40PHR || 132 || 230–269; 280–299; 310–331; 360–400; 401–409
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Caltrain]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH-2 || 20 || 900–919
|-
| MPI&nbsp;F40PH-2C || 3 || 920–922
|-
| [[Coaster (rail service)|Coaster]] || {{nowrap|M-K F40PHM-2C}} || 5 || 2101–2105
|-
|-
| [[GO Transit]] || GMD&nbsp;F40PH || 6 || 510–515
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[MBTA Commuter Rail|Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH || 18 || 1000–1017
|-
| EMD&nbsp;F40PH-2C || 26 || 1050–1075
|-
| {{nowrap|M-K F40PHM-2C}} || 12 || 1025–1036
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Metra]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH-2 || 11 || 174–184
|-
| EMD&nbsp;F40PHM-2 || 30 || 185–214
|-
| [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH || 17 || 4113–4129
|-
| [[Regional Transportation Authority (Illinois)|Regional Transportation Authority]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH || 74 || 100–173
|-
| [[Speno]] || EMD&nbsp;F40PH-2M || 4 || S1–S4
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Tri-Rail]] || {{nowrap|M-K F40PHL-2}} || 5 || 801–805
|-
| {{nowrap|M-K F40PH-2C}} || 3 || 807–809
|-
| [[VIA Rail]] || GMD&nbsp;F40PH-2 || 59 || 6400–6458
|-
! Total !! !! 509 !!
|}

== Preservation ==

Three ex-Amtrak F40PHs have been preserved:
* {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 231 at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] (formerly owned by Dynamic Rail Preservation)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/01/06-historic-diesels-relocated-from-utah-to-nevada |title=Historic Diesels relocated from Utah to Nevada |last=Mitchell |first=Alexander D. IV |date=January 6, 2019 |website=Trains News Wire |access-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-date=August 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830184420/https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/01/06-historic-diesels-relocated-from-utah-to-nevada}}</ref><ref name="rr20240417">{{Cite news |last=Franz |first=Justin |date=April 17, 2024 |title=Amtrak F40 Restored to Phase III Paint |url=https://railfan.com/amtrak-f40-restored-to-phase-iii-paint/ |access-date=November 11, 2024 |work=Railfan & Railroad |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 2, 2025 |title=Two former Amtrak diesels donated to Illinois Railway Museum |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/two-former-amtrak-diesels-donated-to-illinois-railway-museum/ |newspaper=Trains News Wire |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref>
* {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 281 at the [[California State Railroad Museum]]<ref name="rr20240417" />
* {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 307 at the [[North Carolina Transportation Museum]]<ref name="rr20240417" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://on-track-on-line.com/amtkrinf-f40activ.shtml |title=Amtrak F40s: Where Are They Now? |date=June 1, 2017 |website=On Track On Line |access-date=November 11, 2017}}</ref>

Two Coaster F40PHM-2C locomotives have been preserved: {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 2103 at the [[Pacific Southwest Railway Museum]] and {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 2105 at the [[Southern California Railway Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://railfan.com/coaster-f40-bound-for-southern-california-railway-museum/ |title=Coaster F40 Bound for Southern California Railway Museum |date=July 20, 2022 |first=Justin |last=Franz |newspaper=Railfan and Railroad Magazine |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.psrm.org/2022/08/historic-coaster-locomotive-2103-arrives-at-campo/ |title=Historic Coaster Locomotive 2103 Arrives at Campo |date=August 12, 2022 |publisher=Pacific Southwest Railway Museum Association}}</ref> In October 2024, the Southern California Railway Museum began fundraising in hopes of preserving a non-rebuilt Caltrain F40PH-2 locomotive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franz |first=Justin |date=October 16, 2024 |title=Effort Launched to Save Caltrain F40PH-2 |url= https://railfan.com/effort-launched-to-save-caltrain-f40ph-2/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=Railfan and Railroad Magazine |language=en-CA}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of EMD locomotives]]
* [[List of GMD Locomotives]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{sfn whitelist |CITEREFSolomon2012}}
* {{cite journal| volume = 10| issue = 2| pages = 42–50| last = Cook| first = Preston| title = The SDP40F: From Varnish to Vanquished (Part 2)| journal = [[Railfan & Railroad]]| date = February 1991 }}
* {{cite journal | title =The little locomotive that did | pages=52–61 | journal=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]]| last1=Graham-White |first1=Sean | last2=Weil | first2=Lester | date=December 1999  | volume=59 | issue=12 }}
* {{Cite journal| volume = 36| issue = 2| pages = 22–29| last = Ingles| first = J. David| title = The power behind the pointless arrow| journal = [[Trains (magazine)|Trains]]| date = December 1975 }}
* {{cite journal | last=Johnston | first=Bob | title=Our railroad in Panama | date=September 2002 | volume=62 | issue=9 |  journal = [[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] | pages=43–49}}
* {{Cite journal|url = http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=6502510&site=ehost-live |title=Amtrak's F40 era has all but ended|last = Lustig|first = David|date = March 2002|journal = [[Trains (magazine)|Trains]]|volume = 62|issue = 3 }} {{subscription required|via=[https://www.ebsco.com EBSCO]'s MasterFILE Complete}}
* {{cite book| last=McDonnell | first=Greg | title=Field Guide to Modern Diesel Locomotives | publisher=[[Kalmbach Publishing]] | location=Waukesha, Wisconsin | date=2002 | isbn=0-89024-607-6 }}
* {{McDonnell-Locomotives-2nd}}
* {{cite journal | last=Holland | first=Kevin J. | title=Amtrak's F40PH: From dark clouds, a silver lining | journal=Railroad History | date=Spring–Summer 2009 | issue=200 | pages=56–65 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Pinkepank | first1=Jerry A. | last2=Marre | first2=Louis A. | title=Diesel Spotter's Guide Update | date=1979 | publisher=[[Kalmbach Publishing]] | location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin | isbn=0-89024-029-9 }}
* {{Amtrak By the Numbers}}
* {{Solomon-North American Locomotives}}
* {{cite book | last=Solomon | first=Brian | title=Field Guide to Trains: Locomotives and Rolling Stock | publisher=[[Voyageur Press]] | location=Minneapolis, Minnesota | date=2016 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tigVDAAAQBAJ | isbn=978-0-7603-4997-7 }}
* {{cite book | last=Wilson | first=Jeff | title=The Model Railroader's Guide to Diesel Locomotives | publisher=[[Kalmbach Publishing]] | location=Waukesha, Wisconsin | isbn=978-0-89024-761-7 | year=2009 }}

==External links==
{{commons category|EMD F40PH locomotives}}
* [https://www.thedieselshop.us/Data%20EMD%20F40PH.HTML EMD F40PH Data Sheet]
* [https://archive.org/details/emd-f40-ph-2d-manuel-de-l-operateur-via-rail-6400-6458 Via Rail EMD F40PH-2D Operator's Manual] (in French)

{{Amtrak rolling stock}}
{{Via Rail rolling stock}}
{{EMD cab and cowl}}
{{Green Locos}}

[[Category:Electro-Motive Division locomotives|F40PH]]
[[Category:General Motors Diesel locomotives|F40PH]]
[[Category:Amtrak locomotives]]
[[Category:Metra|F40PH]]
[[Category:Via Rail locomotives]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1975]]
[[Category:B-B locomotives]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Canada]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:American Passenger Locomotives]]