View source for Dzhankoi

{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Ночной джанкой.jpg
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{UKR}} (occupied by [[Russia]])
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous republic]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Autonomous republic of Crimea|Crimea]] (<i>de jure</i>)
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Dzhankoi Raion]] (<i>de jure</i>)
| timezone           = [[Moscow Time|MSK]]
| utc_offset         = +3
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| official_name      = Dzhankoi
| native_name        = <small>Джанкой<br />Canköy</small>
| image_shield       = Dzhankoy-arms.jpg
| image_flag         = 
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine#Ukraine Crimea
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dzhankoi within Crimea
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| pushpin_map1       = 
| pushpin_label_position1 = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption1 = Location of Dzhankoi
| pushpin_mapsize1   = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|45|42|31|N|34|23|36|E|region:ru|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 20
| area_total_km2     = 26
| population_total   = 38622
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of   = 2014
| population_density_km2 = 1648.5|
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 96100 — 96114|
| area_code          = +7-36564
| website            = {{URL|http://dzhankoy.rk.gov.ru/}}
| name               = 
| module             = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
| subdivision_type3  = [[Federal subjects of Russia|Federal subject]]
| subdivision_type4  = [[Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (<i>de facto</i>)
| subdivision_name4  = [[Dzhankoi Municipality]] (<i>de facto</i>)
}}

'''Dzhankoi''' or '''Jankoy'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qha.com.ua/6-kilogrammes-of-mercury-found-out-in-the-centre-of-jankoy-in-crimea-60en.html|title=6 Kilogrammes of Mercury Found Out in the Centre of Jankoy in Crimea|access-date=2014-04-04|archive-date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109071316/http://qha.com.ua/6-kilogrammes-of-mercury-found-out-in-the-centre-of-jankoy-in-crimea-60en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a city of regional significance in the northern part of [[Crimea]], internationally recognized as part of [[Ukraine]], but since 2014 occupied by [[Russian Federation|Russia]]. It also serves as administrative centre of [[Dzhankoi Raion]] although it is not a part of the raion (district). Population: {{Crimea-census2014|38,622|punct=.}}

The city has various industries, which produce automobiles, [[reinforced concrete]], fabric, meat, and other products. Dzhankoi also has professional [[Vocational school|technical school]]s.

==Etymology==
The name ''Dzhankoi'' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] and {{langx|ru|Джанкой}}; {{langx|de|Dshankoj}};<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://chort.square7.ch/Pis/Orte.pdf |title=Places where Mennonites lived in Russia up to 1943}}</ref> {{langx|crh|Canköy}}; {{langx|yi|דזשאַנקויע}}) means 'new village': ''canköy'' < ''cañı köy'' (''cañı'' is 'new' in the northern dialect of [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]), but it is often explained as meaning 'spirit-village' (< ''can'' 'spirit' + ''köy'' 'village').

==Geography==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}
Dzhankoi serves as the administrative centre of the [[Dzhankoy Raion|Dzhankoi Raion]]. It is located about {{convert|93|km}} from the Crimean [[Capital (political)|capital]], [[Simferopol]]. Two railroad lines, [[Solionoye ozero]]-[[Sevastopol]] and [[Armyansk|Armiansk]]-[[Kerch]], cross Dzhankoi.

===Climate===
Dzhankoi's climate is mostly hot in the summer, and mild in the winter. The average temperature ranges from {{convert|-2|°C|F}} in January, to {{convert|23|°C|F}} in July. The average precipitation is {{convert|420|mm|in}} per year.

==History==
[[File:Dzhankoy station 1910.jpg|thumb|left|Railway station in 1910]]
Dzhankoi was mentioned for the first time in 1855, and it received [[city status]] in 1926. About 1,400 Jews lived in Dzhankoi on the eve of the [[World War II|Second World War]].<ref name="Arad">{{cite book |last1=Arad |first1=Yitzhak |title=The Holocaust in the Soviet Union |date=2009 |publisher=Yad Vashem |location=Jerusalem}}</ref>

In 1941, during the war, Dzhankoi was occupied by German troops. During the occupation, 720 Jewish members of the local collective farm were shot in the city.<ref name="Arad"/> Other accounts mention 7,000,<ref>{{cite web |title=Крым |url=https://eleven.co.il/diaspora/regions-and-countries/12247/ |website=Электронная еврейская энциклопедия |access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref> which could include Jews brought from elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey P. |title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Volume II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe, 1933-1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, IN |page=1765}}</ref> From late 1941 to September 1942, the Germans operated the Dulag 123 transit [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the town.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=76|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> Dzhankoi was recaptured by Soviet troops on April 13, 1944.

In 1954, as part of the Crimean region, it became part of the Ukrainian SSR. Since 1991, it has been a part of independent Ukraine. In February 2014, it was [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed by Russia]]. On the night of March 20, 2023, explosions caused by drone attacks were reported in the area.<ref name=AJKalibr>{{cite news  |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Ukraine says Russia Kalibr missile cargo hit in transit to Crimea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/21/ukraine-says-russia-kalibr-missile-cargo-hit-in-transit-to-crimea |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref>

==Transport==
Dzhankoi is a [[transport hub]]. Through the city pass two major railways of the peninsula as well as two major [[International E-road network|European highways]]. It has two railroad terminals - the central one, where only passenger and fast trains stop and the suburban one - where only suburban trains, known as ''[[elektrichka]]''s, are allowed.

[[Dzhankoi (air base)|Dzhankoi air base]] of the [[Russian Navy]] is nearby.

==Population==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
!Year!!Inhabitants
|-
|1805
|173
|-
|1926
|8,310
|-
|1939
|19,576
|-
|1970
|43,000
|-
|1989
|53,464
|-
|2001
|42,861
|-
|2014
|38,622
|}

== Demographics ==
As of the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], 59.75% of the population identified as [[Russians in Ukraine|Russians]], 25.91% as ethnic [[Ukrainians]], while [[Crimean Tatars]] made up 8.09% of the population. The town is also home to smaller [[Belarusians|Belarusian]], [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Moldovans|Moldovan]] and [[Armenians|Armenian]] communities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}</ref>

In the 2014 census conducted by Russian occupation authorities, the town had a population of 38,622, of which 25,787 ({{Pct|25787|38622|2}}) were [[Russians|Russian]], 6,401 ({{Pct|6401|38622|2}}) were [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], 2,807 ({{Pct|2807|38622|2}}) were [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar]] and 829 ({{Pct|829|38622|2}}) were [[Tatars|Tatar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crimea (occupied by Russia) - Ethnic composition: 2014 census |url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/rk-gfzs-ethnic2014.htm |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=uk}}</ref>

{{bar box|title=2001 Ukrainian census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Russians|purple|59.75}}
{{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|25.91}}
{{bar percent|Crimean Tatars|orange|8.09}}
{{bar percent|Belarusians|red|1.54}}
{{bar percent|Moldovans|pink|0.28}}
{{bar percent|Poles|yellow|0.28}}
{{bar percent|Armenians|brown|0.27}}
{{bar percent|Tatars|green|0.20}}
{{bar percent|Azerbaijanis|yellow|0.16}}
{{bar percent|Jews|black|0.15}}}}

{{bar box|title=2014 census (under Russian occupation)|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Russians|purple|66.77}}
{{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|16.57}}
{{bar percent|Crimean Tatars|orange|7.27}}
{{bar percent|Tatars|olive|2.15}}}}

==In popular culture==
Dzhankoi is the subject of a popular [[Yiddish song]] "Hey! Zhankoye" (Yiddish: "Dzhankoye" "דזשאַנקויע"), as popularized by [[The Limeliters]], [[Pete Seeger]], the [[Klezmatics]], and [[Theodore Bikel]], a Soviet-era song praising the life of Jews on [[Kolkhoz|collective farms]] in Crimea.<ref>{{cite book | title=Comrades and Chicken Ranchers | url=https://archive.org/details/comradeschickenr00kann | url-access=registration | publisher=Cornell University Press | author=Kann, Kenneth L. | year=1993 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/comradeschickenr00kann/page/87 87–88]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Songs of the Jewish People | publisher=Mel Bay Publications | author=Silverman, Jerry | year=2010 | pages=54–55}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Video Archives: Yosl Kogan, Bershad Ghetto | url=http://www.indiana.edu/~aheym/profile.php?id=32&videoid=66 | publisher=Indiana University (Bloomington), College of Arts and Sciences | work=AHEYM: Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories | access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Oleksandr Mitrofanov]] (born 1977), Ukrainian football player
*[[Denys Vasyliuk]] (1993–2024), Ukrainian [[Ukrainian Air Force|fighter pilot]] and [[Hero of Ukraine]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=291 The murder of the Jews of Dzhankoi] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website.

{{Subdivisions of Crimea | state=collapsed}}
{{2014 Crimean crisis}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Crimea]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1926]]
[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in the Soviet Union]]