View source for Dyme

{{Short description|Ancient Greek city in the Peloponnese}}
{{about|the ancient town|the Dutch company|Dyme (company)}}
{{Coin image box 1 double
| header =
| image = Image:AR hemidrachm of Achaean league.jpg
| caption_left = '''[[Obverse and reverse|O:]]''' [[laureate]] head of [[Zeus]]
| caption_right = '''[[Obverse and reverse|R:]]''' [[fish]] under (AX) [[monogram]], (APT) left and ΔΥ up all within [[wreath]]
| width = 290
| footer = [[silver]] [[Dram (unit)|hemidrachm]] of [[Achaean League]] struck in Dyme around 86 BC. Coin was struck with worn dies.
ref.: BMC 29, Sear GCV 2974, Clerk 55, BCD Peloponnesos 482
| position = right
| margin = 4
}}
'''Dyme''' ({{langx|grc|Δύμη}}), or '''Dymae''',<ref>{{Cite Livy|27.31}}</ref> was a town and [[polis]] (city-state)<ref name=Poleis>{{cite book|author= Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen |title= An inventory of archaic and classical poleis|year= 2004|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|isbn= 0-19-814099-1|chapter= Achaia|pages= 481–482}}</ref> of [[ancient Achaea]], and the most westerly of the 12 Achaean cities, from which circumstance it is said to have derived its name.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus|1.145}}</ref><ref name="Cite Polybius|2.41">{{Cite Polybius|2.41}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo|viii. p.387}}</ref> The location of Dyme is near the modern [[Kato Achaia]].<ref>{{Cite Barrington|58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite DARE|21943}}</ref>

==Location==
[[File:Teixos Dymaion.JPG|thumb|280px|right|The [[acropolis]] from the [[Mycenaean period]], known as [[Teichos Dymaion]], or the Dymaean Wall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh351.jsp?obj_id=18783|title = Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού &#124; Τείχος Δυμαίων}}</ref>]]It was situated near the coast, according to [[Strabo]] 60 [[stadion (unit)|stadia]] from the promontory [[Araxus]], and according to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] 30 stadia from the river [[Larisus]], which separated its territory from [[ancient Elis|Elis]].
==Names==
It is further said by Strabo to have been formed out of a union of 8 villages, one of which was called Teuthea (Τευθέα);<ref>{{Cite Strabo|viii. p.337}}</ref> and it is probable, that some of the different names, by which the city is said to have been called, were originally the names of the separate villages. Thus, its more ancient name is stated by Pausanias to have been '''Paleia''' (Πάλεια), and by Strabo to have been '''Stratus''' or '''Stratos''' (Στρατός). The poet [[Antimachus]] gave it the epithet Cauconis, which was derived by some from the iron Caucon in the neighbourhood, and by others from the [[Caucones]], who were supposed to have originally inhabited this district.<ref>{{Cite Strabo|pp. 337, 341, 342, 388}}</ref><ref name=Pausanias>{{Cite Pausanias|7|17|5}}, ''et seq.''</ref>
==History==
===Greek history===
The first resident of note was [[Oebotas of Dyme|Oebotas]] who was said to be the first Achaean to win at the [[Ancient Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2347.html]. |title=Archived copy |website=www.ancientlibrary.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019040425/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2347.html]. |archive-date=19 October 2012 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> He was not honored for his victory by the Achaeans and legendarily cursed the Achaeans to never win the Olympics for that and the Achaeans did not have an Olympic winner until [[Sostratus of Pellene]] won the race.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] ''Description of Greece'' 7.17.13, 7.17.14</ref>
[[Thucydides]] indicates it was near a great naval battle of the [[Peloponnesian War]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/t/thucydides/crawley/chapter8.html |title=History of the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides (Chapter8) |website=etext.library.adelaide.edu.au |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827075441/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/t/thucydides/crawley/chapter8.html |archive-date=27 August 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and that some fleeing the battle found shelter there. After the death of [[Alexander the Great]], Dyme fell into the hands of [[Cassander]], but his troops were driven out of the city by [[Aristodemus of Miletus|Aristodemus]], the general of [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus]], 314&nbsp;BCE.<ref>{{Cite Diodorus|19.66}}</ref> This city had the honour, along with [[Patrae]], of reviving the [[Achaean League]] in 280&nbsp;BCE; and about this time or shortly afterwards its population received an accession from some of the inhabitants of [[Olenus]], who abandoned their town.<ref name="Cite Polybius|2.41"/> [[Battle of Dyme|A battle took place]] at Dyme in {{Nowrap|226 BCE}} between the [[Sparta]]ns under King [[Cleomenes&nbsp;III]] and the Achaean League under the command of [[Aratus of Sicyon]] and ended in a Spartan victory. In the [[Social War (220–217 BC)|Social War (220-217&nbsp;BCE)]], the territory of Dyme, from its proximity to Elis, was frequently laid waste by the Eleans.<ref>{{Cite Polybius|4.59-60, 5.17}}</ref> 
===Roman era===
In the [[First Macedonian War]] Cycliadas and [[Philip V of Macedon]] would prepare for an attack on [[Elis (city)|Elis]] near Dyme; but in consequence of Dyme being the only one of the Achaean cities which espoused the cause of the Macedonian king, it was plundered by the Romans under [[Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus]].<ref name=Pausanias/> From this blow it never recovered; and it is said to have been without inhabitants when [[Pompey]] settled here a large number of [[Cilicia]]n pirates. In the civil wars that followed, some of these new inhabitants were expelled from their lands and resumed their old occupations.<ref>{{Cite Strabo|pp. 387, 665}}</ref><ref>[[Appian]] ''Mith.'' 96; [[Plutarch]] ''Pomp.'' 28; [[Cicero]] ''Att.'' 16.1, "Dymaeos agro pulses mare infestum habere, nil miruim."</ref> Both Strabo<ref>{{Cite Strabo|p. 665}}</ref> and [[Pliny the Elder]]<ref>{{Cite Pliny|4.6}}</ref> call Dyme a Roman colony; but this statement appears to be a mistake, since it is known that Dyme was one of the towns placed under the authority of Patrae, when it was made a Roman colony by [[Augustus]];<ref name=Pausanias/> and it is expressly told that no other Achaean town except Patrae was allowed the privilege of self-government.

==See also==
*[[Dymaean Wall]]
*[[List of ancient Greek cities]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DGRG|title=Dyme}}

{{coord|38.144625|N|21.551425|E|format=dms|display=title|source:http://dare.ht.lu.se/places/21943.html}}
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[[Category:Cities in ancient Peloponnese]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Greece]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Achaea]]
[[Category:Achaean city-states]]
[[Category:Greek city-states]]