View source for Durmitor

{{short description|Massif in northwestern Montenegro}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Durmitor
| other_name = Дурмитор
| photo = Durmitor.jpg
| photo_caption = 
| elevation_m = 2523
| elevation_ref = 
| prominence = 
| map = Montenegro
| map_caption = 
| location = [[Montenegro]] 
| range = [[Dinaric Alps]]
| coordinates = {{coord|43|07|40|N|19|02|00|E|type:mountain}}
| topo = 
| type = 
| age = 
| first_ascent = 1883
| easiest_route = 
}}
'''Durmitor''' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Дурмитор, {{IPA|sh|durmǐtɔr|pron}} <small>or</small> {{IPA|sh|dǔrmitɔr|}}) is a [[massif]] located in northwestern [[Montenegro]]. It is part of the [[Dinaric Alps]]. Its highest peak, [[Bobotov Kuk]], reaches a height of {{convert|2523|m|ft|0|sp=us}}.

The massif is limited by the [[Tara River Canyon]] on the north, the [[Piva (river)|Piva River Canyon]] on the west, and by the Komarnica River Canyon on the south. To the east, the Durmitor opens to a {{convert|1500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high [[plateau]], called ''Jezerska površ'' (Plateau of Lakes). Mount [[Sinjavina]] is located to the east of the ''Jezerska površ'' plateau. The Durmitor is for the most part located in the [[Žabljak]] municipality.

The massif gives its name to the [[national park]] that comprises it. Durmitor National Park was founded in 1952, and designated as a [[World Heritage Site]] in 1980.

==Peaks==
[[File:Durmitor - near Minin bogaz.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|View of Durmitor near Minin Bogaz]]
The massif has 48 peaks above {{convert|2000|m|ft|0|sp=us}}. Highest peaks are:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Bobotov kuk {{convert|2523|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Bezimeni vrh (Nameless Peak) {{convert|2487|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Šljeme {{convert|2455|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Istočni vrh Šljemena (East Peak of Sljeme) {{convert|2445|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Soa / Đevojka {{convert|2440|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Milošev tok {{convert|2426|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Bandijerna {{convert|2409|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Rbatina {{convert|2401|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Lučin vrh {{convert|2396|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Prutaš {{convert|2393|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Minin bogaz {{convert|2387|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Planinica {{convert|2330|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Kobilja glava {{convert|2321|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Savin Kuk {{convert|2313|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Šupljika {{convert|2310|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
{{div col end}}

==Lakes==
Durmitor features 18 [[glacial lakes]], scattered over mountain massif and ''Jezerska Površ'' plateau. The lakes add significantly to the beauty of the mountain, and have been nicknamed ''Gorske Oči'', or "mountain eyes".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lakes - Durmitor|url=https://durmitorcg.wordpress.com/national-park/lakes/|website=durmitorcg.org|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=unesco></ref>
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
* [[Black Lake (Montenegro)|Black Lake]]
* Veliko Škrčko Lake
* Malo Škrčko Lake
* Zeleni Vir
* Jablan Lake
* Valovito Lake
{{col-3}}
* Vir u Lokvicama
* Srablje Lake
* Modro Lake
* Suva Lokva
* Zminje Lake
* Barno Lake
{{col-3}}
* Pošćensko Lake
* Zabojsko Lake
* Vražje Lake
* Riblje Lake
* Zminčko Lake
* Sušičko Lake
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}

==Name==
One theory of the name ''Durmitor'' is that it is derived from [[Romanian language|Romanian]], meaning 'sleeping place' (cognate with English ''[[dormitory]]'') and was given by [[Morlachs|Romanian]] settlers in the middle age. There are similarly named mountains, such as [[Visitor Mountain|Visitor]] (cf. ''visător'' 'dreamer') and Cipitor (cf. ''ațipitor'' 'sleeper') across the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[[Adrian Room|Room Adrian]] (2004) "Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features" {{ISBN|0-7864-1814-1}} p. 112.</ref>

Another theory is that the name was given by the Celts, and the meaning would be anything from 'water from the mountain' to 'ridged mountain'.{{Source?|date=July 2023}} Considering the duration of time that the ancient Celts spent around these part and the Tara River (Tara is a Celtic goddess, as well),{{Source?|date=July 2023}} its name being of Celtic origin, it is very possible that ''Durmitor'' is a name of similar origin. Zeta river also has a Celtic origin name ("Loved one").{{Source?|date=July 2023}}

==National park==
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS           = Durmitor National Park
| image         = Черное озеро - panoramio (13).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption       = 
| location      = [[Montenegro]]
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(vii)(viii)(x)}}(vii)(viii)(x)
| ID            = 100bis
| year          = 1980
| extension     = 2005
| area          = {{convert|32,100|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
'''Durmitor National Park''', created in 1952, includes the massif of Durmitor, the canyons of [[Tara river, Montenegro|Tara]], Sušica and Draga rivers and the higher part of the canyon plateau Komarnica, covering an area of {{convert|390|km2|sp=us}}. It is the largest protected area in Montenegro, and it was inscribed on the list of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites]] in 1980.<ref name=unesco>{{cite web|title=Durmitor National Park|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/100|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> 

At {{convert|80|km|sp=us}} long and {{convert|1300|m|sp=us}} deep, the [[Tara River Canyon]] in Durmitor National Park is the deepest [[gorge]] in Europe.<ref name=unesco></ref><ref name=natgeo>{{cite web|title=Durmitor National Park|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/parks/durmitor-montenegro/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206035206/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/parks/durmitor-montenegro/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 6, 2017|website=nationalgeographic.com|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref>

==Tourism==

Durmitor mountain is the centre of [[Montenegro|Montenegrin]] mountain tourism. The tourist facilities are concentrated around the town of [[Žabljak]].<ref name=unesco></ref><ref name=natgeo></ref> In winter, the main activities on Durmitor are [[skiing]] and [[snowboarding]]. In summer, the activities shift to [[hiking]], [[mountaineering]] and [[recreation|recreational tourism]]. [[Water sports]] are also practiced in the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Durmitur National Park Montenegro|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114220806/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2009|website=unep-wcmc.org|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Some of the most prominent attractions of Durmitor mountain are 18 [[glacial lake]]s, the best known of which is the [[Black Lake (Montenegro)|Black Lake]] and the mountain peak [[Stožina]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Lake|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/montenegro/durmitor-national-park/attractions/black-lake/a/poi-sig/1337168/360159|website=lonelyplanet.com|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Durmitor national park in 2018 2.jpg|Durmitor national park 
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора2.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора3.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора4.jpg
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора5.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора6.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора7.jpg|
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
===Alpinism===
* {{cite book |date=February 1959 |first=Željko |last=Poljak |chapter=Durmitor |page=25 |title=Kazalo za "Hrvatski planinar" i "Naše planine" 1898—1958 |series=Naše planine |issn=0354-0650 |volume=XI |issue=1–2 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/195901.pdf |language=hr}}
===Biology===
* {{cite journal |date=2016-12-31 |first1=Martina |last1=Šašić |first2=Ana |last2=Nahirnić |first3=Gerhard M. |last3=Tarmann |title=Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in the Lepidoptera collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum |pages=233–248 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/171967 |doi=10.20302/NC.2016.25.19 |journal=Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici |eissn=1848-7386 |volume=25 |issue=2}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Durmitor}}
* [http://www.durmitornp.com/ Official National Park Site]
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/100 UNESCO World Heritage Site profile]
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114220806/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf UNEP-WCMC World Heritage Site datasheet] 
* [https://www.summitpost.org/durmitor/152176 SummitPost: Useful information (Camping, routes, weather etc.)]
* [https://www.zabljak.com/durmitor-national-park Tourist guide for Durmitor national park]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dinaric Mountains mixed forests]]
[[Category:Mountains of Montenegro]]
[[Category:National parks of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1952]]
[[Category:Two-thousanders of Montenegro]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Montenegro]]