View source for Duke of Roxburghe

{{Short description|Title in the peerage of Scotland}}
{{for|the ship|Duke of Roxburgh (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Roxburghe 
| image             = [[File:Coat of arms of the duke of Roxburghe.png|250px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = ''Quarterly, 1st and 4th grandquarters: quarterly, 1st and 4th, Vert on a Chevron between three Unicorns' Heads erased Argent armed and maned Or as many Mullets Sable (Ker); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Mascles Or (Weepont); 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: Argent three Stars of five points Azure (Innes).''
| creation_date     = 1707 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of Scotland]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe|John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe|Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke]] 
| heir_apparent     = Frederick Innes-Ker, Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = the heirs inheriting the Earldom of Roxburghe{{cn|date=October 2020}} (see that section for details)<!--1st Duke's [[heirs of entail]]{{clarify|is this just male primogeniture or different?}}, male or female, descended from the body of the 1st Earl of Roxburghe--> 
| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford<br />Earl of Roxburghe<br />Earl of Kelso<br />Earl Innes<br />Viscount Broxmouth<br />Lord Roxburghe<br />Lord Ker of Cessford and Cavertoun 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = [[Floors Castle]] 
| former_seat       =  
| motto             =  
| footnotes         =  
}}
{{Multiple image
 |total_width=250
 |perrow    = 3
 |image1    = John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe.jpg
 |caption1  = [[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image2    = Robert Ker, 2nd Duke of Roxburghe.jpg
 |caption2  = [[Robert Ker, 2nd Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image3    = Batoni - John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe.jpg
 |caption3  = [[John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image4    = 
 |caption4  = [[William Bellenden-Ker, 4th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image5    = 
 |caption5  = [[James Innes-Ker, 5th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image6    = James Henry Robert Innes-Ker, 6th Duke of Roxburghe.jpg
 |caption6  = [[James Innes-Ker, 6th Duke of Roxburghe|James Henry Robert Innes-Ker, 6th Duke of Roxburghe.]]
 |image7    = James Henry Robert Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe.jpg
 |caption7  = [[James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe|James Henry Robert Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image8    = Duke Roxburghe LCCN2014693714.jpg
 |caption8  = [[Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe|Henry John Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image9    = 
 |caption9  = [[George Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe|George Victor Robert John Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image10   = 10th Duke of Roxburghe Allan Warren.jpg
 |caption10 = [[Guy Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe|Guy David Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe]]
 |image11   =
 |caption11 = [[Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe|Charles Robert George Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe]]
}}

The '''Duke of Roxburghe''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|k|s|b|ər|ə}}) is a title in the [[peerage of Scotland]] created in 1707 along with the titles ''Marquess of Bowmont and [[Cessford Castle|Cessford]]'', ''Earl of [[Kelso, Scottish Borders|Kelso]]'' and ''Viscount Broxmouth''. [[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe|John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe]] became the first holder of these titles. The title is derived from the [[royal burgh]] of [[Roxburgh]] in the [[Scottish Borders]] that in 1460 the Scots [[Capture of Roxburgh (1460)|captured and destroyed]].

Originally created '''Earl of Roxburghe''' in 1616, before the elevation to duke, a number of other subsidiary titles are held: ''Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford'' (created 1707), ''Earl of Kelso'' (1707), ''Earl Innes'' (1837), ''Viscount Broxmouth'' (1707), ''Lord Roxburghe'' (1600), and ''Lord Ker of Cessford and Cavertoun'' (1616). All of the titles form part of the [[peerage]] of [[Scotland]], with the exception the Earldom of Innes, which belongs to the [[peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The Duke's eldest son bears the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] of ''Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford''.

The dukedom and its associated titles descend to ''heirs who shall inherit the earldom'' which in turn had a very specific line of descent. On the death of the 4th duke the titles became dormant as no one could prove their claim. In 1812 the [[House of Lords]] ruled in favour of Sir James Innes-Ker, 6th Baronet, of Innes (see [[Innes baronets]]), rejecting claims by the heir female of the second earl and heir male whatsoever of the first earl.

The Duke of Roxburghe would be the Chief of [[Clan Innes]], but cannot be so recognised as he retains the name ''Innes-Ker''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clanchiefs.org/about/requirements-for-recognition/ |title=The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs Requirements for Recognition |access-date=2009-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226080606/http://www.clanchiefs.org/about/requirements-for-recognition/ |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The family has its seat at [[Floors Castle]] near [[Kelso, Scottish Borders|Kelso]], Scotland. The grounds contain the ruins of [[Roxburgh Castle]] on a promontory between the rivers Tweed and Teviot. The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Roxburghe is the ''Roxburghe Memorial Cloister'' (also known as "Roxburghe Aisle"), a 20th-century addition to the ruins of [[Kelso Abbey]].

==Earls of Roxburghe (1616)==
In 1600, Robert Ker was created Lord Roxburghe, in 1616 he was additionally created Earl of Roxburghe, and Lord Ker of Cessford and Cavertoun. The succession was originally to heirs male of the 1st Earl, but after his sons predeceased him, the title was recreated in 1646 with additional remainder in favour of "(i) his grandson by his eldest daughter, [[William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe|Sir William Drummond]], and his issue in tail male, (ii) of his great-grandsons in like manner, i.e. the second and other younger sons of Jane Drummond, the sister of Sir William Drummond, by her husband John [Fleming], 3rd Earl of Wigtown [...] which failing (iii) of the eldest daughter of Hon Harry Ker, styled Lord Ker, without division and to her heirs male, which failing (iv) to his own heirs male whomsoever".{{cn|date=October 2020}}

*[[Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe]] (1570–1650) had been Lord Roxburghe since 1600, died without male issue
**[[William Ker, Lord Ker]] (died 1618), elder son of the 1st Earl, predeceased his father without issue
**[[Henry Ker, Lord Ker]] (died 1643), younger son of the 1st Earl, predeceased his father without male issue
*[[William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe]] (1622–1675), a female-line grandson of the 1st Earl, succeeded him by the above special arrangement
*[[Robert Ker, 3rd Earl of Roxburghe]] (c. 1658–1682), eldest son of the 2nd Earl
*Robert Ker, 4th Earl of Roxburghe (c. 1677–1696), eldest son of the 3rd Earl
*[[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe|John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe]] (c. 1680–1741), second son of the 3rd Earl, became Duke of Roxburghe in 1707

==Dukes of Roxburghe (1707)==
*[[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe]] (c. 1680–1741), second son of the 3rd Earl, he was additionally invested as Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford as well as Earl of Kelso and Viscount Broxmouth in 1707; the earlier titles held as Earl were also retained
*[[Robert Ker, 2nd Duke of Roxburghe]] (c. 1709–1755), only son of the 1st Duke, in 1722 he was created both Earl Ker and Baron Ker of Wakefield in the County of York
*[[John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe]] (1740–1804), elder son of the 2nd Duke inheriting the 1722 titles, died without issue
*[[William Bellenden-Ker, 4th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1728–1805), grandson of [[Lord Bellenden]] of Broughton (created 1661) who was the fourth and youngest son of the 2nd Earl, died without issue and the Roxburghe titles went dormant until 1812{{cn|date=October 2020}}
*[[James Innes-Ker, 5th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1736–1823), great-grandson of Hon. Margaret Ker (died 1681), daughter of Hon. Henry Ker, Lord Ker (died 1642/3), the younger son of the 1st Earl
*[[James Innes-Ker, 6th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1816–1879), only son of the 5th Duke, he was created Earl Innes in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1837
*[[James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe|James Henry Robert Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1839–1892), elder son of the 6th Duke
*[[Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe|Henry John Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1876–1932), eldest son of the 7th Duke
*[[George Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe|George Victor Robert John Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1913–1974), only son of the 8th Duke
*[[Guy Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe|Guy David Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1954–2019), elder son of the 9th Duke
*[[Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe|Charles Robert George Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe]] (born 1981), eldest son of the 10th Duke

The current holder's son, Frederick Innes-Ker, Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford (born 2024) is heir apparent to his father's titles.

==Line of succession==
{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[George Innes-Ker, 9th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1913-1974)''
** [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Guy Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe]] (1954-2019)''
*** [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] '''[[Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe]]''' (born 1981)
**** '''(1)''' Frederick Charles Ian Innes-Ker, Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford (born 2024) <ref>[https://groups.google.com/g/peerage-news/c/z23vpW3r8wQ report of ''Telegraph'' announcement(March 5th) of birth Feb 28th]</ref>
*** '''(2)''' Lord Edward Innes-Ker (born 1984)
****'''(3)''' Arthur Henry Innes-Ker (born 2019)
*** '''(4)''' Lord George Innes-Ker (born 1996)
** '''(5)''' Lord Robin Innes-Ker (born 1959)
*** '''(6)''' James Innes-Ker (born 1999)
<ref>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Roxburghe, Duke of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |pages=3017–3020 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>
{{Tree list/end}}

==Family tree==
{{Dukes of Roxburghe family tree}}

==See also==
*[[Clan Innes]]
*[[Roxburgh Castle]]
*[[Castle Holydean]]
*[[Earl of Perth]]
*[[Earl of Melfort]]
* An 1810 auction of the Duke's library is featured in [[Susanna Clarke]]'s novel ''[[Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Roxburghe, Earls and Dukes of|volume=23|page=789}}
*http://www.stirnet.com/ (subscription only)
{{British marquessates}}
{{British earldoms}}
{{Extant British dukedoms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roxburghe}}
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Lists of Scottish people]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1707]]
[[Category:Drummond family|*]]
[[Category:Kelso, Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Peerages created with special remainders]]
[[Category:Dukes of Roxburghe| ]]