View source for Duke of Northumberland

{{short description|Dukedom in the Peerage of Great Britain}}
{{distinguish|Earl of Northumberland}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Northumberland 
| image             = [[File:Coat of arms of the duke of Northumberland.png|200px|centre]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = Arms of Percy, Dukes of Northumberland: ''Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure'' (Brabant and Lovaine, [[House of Percy|Percy]] modern);'' 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or'' (Percy [[Ancient and modern arms|ancient]]);'' 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules'' (Drummond);'' 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules'' (Drummond, coat of augmentation).
| creation_date     = 1766
| creation          = Third
| monarch           = King [[George III]]
| peerage           = [[Peerage of Great Britain]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]] 
| heir_apparent     = [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] 
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>Earl Percy<br/>Earl of Beverley<br/>Baron Warkworth<br/>Baron Lovaine<br/>[[Smithson baronets|Baronet, of Stanwick]] 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   = 1553 <small>(first creation)</small><br/>1683 <small>(second creation)</small> 
| family_seat       = [[Alnwick Castle]]<br/>[[Syon House]] 
| former_seat       = [[Warkworth Castle]]<br/>[[Prudhoe Castle]]<br/>[[Kielder Castle]]<br/>[[Northumberland House]]<br/>[[Stanwick Park]]<br/>[[Albury Park]] 
| motto             =  
| footnotes         =  
}}

'''Duke of Northumberland''' is a noble [[Hereditary title|title]] that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the [[Peerage of England]] and once in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. The current holder of this title is [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]].

==1551 creation==
The title was first created in the Peerage of England in 1551 for [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick]]. He had already been created [[Viscount Lisle]] in 1543 and [[Earl of Warwick]] in 1547, also in the Peerage of England. In 1553, Dudley advanced the claim of his daughter-in-law, [[Lady Jane Grey]], to the English throne, but when she was deposed by [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary I]], Dudley was convicted of high treason and executed. An illegitimate son of one of his younger sons, [[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]], [[Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick|Sir Robert Dudley]], claimed the dukedom when in exile in Italy. On 9 March 1620 the [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Ferdinand II]] officially recognised the title, an act which infuriated [[James I of England]].

==1683 creation==
[[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|George FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Northumberland]], an illegitimate son of king [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], was created Duke of Northumberland in the Peerage of England in 1683. He had already been created '''Baron of Pontefract''', '''Viscount Falmouth''' and '''Earl of Northumberland''' in 1674, also in the Peerage of England. However, all the titles became extinct on his death in 1716 as he left no heirs.

==Jacobite creation==
In 1716 [[Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton]], was created Duke of Northumberland, Marquess of Woburn, [[Earl of Malmesbury]] and Viscount Winchendon in the [[Jacobite Peerage]], by the [[James Francis Edward Stuart|Old Pretender]]. The title had no legal validity in the Kingdom of Great Britain.

== 1766 creation ==
<section begin=1766 /> 
[[File:Hughpercy.jpg|thumb|A portrait of [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]]]
The title was created for the third time in 1766 for [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]] (formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset]] (1684–1750), whose mother
[[Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Lady Elizabeth Percy]] (1667–1722) was the last of the senior blood line of the ancient [[House of Percy]], being the only surviving child of [[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland]] (1644–1670). In 1749 King George II created Algernon (who had inherited the Dukedom of Somerset in 1748) '''Earl of Northumberland''' and '''Baron Warkworth''', of [[Warkworth Castle]] in the County of Northumberland, with special remainder to his son-in-law Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=8887 |date=23 September 1749 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1037</ref>

The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset, which at that time was about to see its largest removal – to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created [[Earl of Egremont]] at the same time, with a different remainder.<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.851</ref>

In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title '''Lord Lovaine''', Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=12514 |date=27 January 1784 |page=2 }}</ref> who succeeded and who was created [[Earl of Beverley]] in 1790, and thus it too became a courtesy title.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13249 |date=26 October 1790 |page=646 }}</ref>

The 1st Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 2nd Duke]], a [[lieutenant-general]] in the [[British Army]]. The 2nd Duke was in his turn succeeded by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 3rd Duke]], who in 1812, five years before he succeeded in the dukedom, had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron Percy.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=16583 |date=14 March 1812|page=497 }}</ref> The 3rd Duke later held office as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland]] from 1829 to 1830. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, 1st Baron Prudhoe]], the 4th Duke, who in 1814 had been created '''Baron Prudhoe''', of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17164 |date=17 August 1816 |page=1596 }}</ref> The 4th Duke was an [[admiral]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and notably served as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] in 1852. He was also childless and on his death in 1865 the barony of Prudhoe became extinct while the barony of Percy (which could be passed on through the female line) was inherited by his great-nephew, [[John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl]]. The Admiral was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his first cousin, [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland|George, the 2nd Earl of Beverley]], eldest son of the second son of the 1st Duke. The barony of Lovaine and earldom of Beverley have since been merged in the dukedom as courtesy titles.

The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, the 6th Duke]], who notably served as [[Lord Privy Seal]] between 1879 and 1880 under [[Benjamin Disraeli|Lord Beaconsfield]]. The 6th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 7th Duke]], was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Lord Lovaine in 1887.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25723 |date=22 July 1887 |page=4001 }}</ref> The 7th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, Earl Percy]], predeceased him. He was succeeded by his fourth but eldest surviving son, [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan, the 8th Duke]], whose eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 9th Duke]], was killed during the [[Dunkirk evacuation|retreat to Dunkirk]] during the [[Second World War]]. Henry was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 10th Duke]]. In 1957, on the death of his fourth cousin once removed, [[James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl]], Hugh succeeded as 9th [[Baron Percy]], the title thus re-merging with the Dukedom. As of 2012 the titles are held by his second son, [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph, the 12th Duke]], who succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1995. <section end=1766 /> <section begin=members/>

Northumberland Estates manages {{convert|100000|acre|ha|abbr=off}}: directly managing {{convert|4000|acre|ha|abbr=off}} of forestry and {{convert|20000|acre|ha|abbr=off|sigfig=1}} of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Farming|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421084822/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sawmill and Forestry|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421043443/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Duke's Plans Spark Suspicion|url=http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|access-date=10 October 2012|newspaper=Northumberland Gazette|date=7 February 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019143811/http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|archive-date=19 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Other members of the Percy family==
{{further|Percy family}}

Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction. [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the third Duke, was governess of the future [[Queen Victoria]]. [[Lord Josceline Percy]], second son of the fifth Duke, was a politician. [[Lord Henry Percy]], third son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier. [[Lord Algernon Percy]], second son of the sixth Duke, was a politician. [[Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle|Lord Eustace Percy]], seventh son of the seventh Duke, was a politician who was raised to the peerage as Baron Percy of Newcastle in 1953. [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the twelfth Duke, is [[Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland]] since 2009. See also [[Earl of Beverley]] for younger sons of the first Earl of Beverley.  <section end=members/>  <section begin=residences/>

==Family residences==
The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is [[Alnwick Castle]], which is located in [[Alnwick]], Northumberland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alnwickcastle.com/|title=Alnwick Castle|website=Alnwickcastle.com}}</ref> The family's London residence is [[Syon House]] in [[Brentford]], which replaced, as their London residence, the demolished [[Northumberland House]] in the [[Strand, London|Strand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syonpark.co.uk|title=Welcome|first=Syon Park – w|last=syonpark.co.uk|website=Syonpark.co.uk}}</ref> [[Warkworth Castle|Warkworth]] and [[Prudhoe Castle|Prudhoe]] castles were the residences of the [[Earl of Northumberland|Earls of Northumberland]] in the Middle Ages, and ownership was retained by the later Dukes. Both are now in the custody of [[English Heritage]]. [[Albury Park]] is a former residence which has been converted into apartments, while the surrounding estate is still directly owned by the Duke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|title=History – Albury Park|work=Albury Park|access-date=2017-04-10|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806022449/http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the [[Northumberland Vault]] in [[Westminster Abbey]] in London, the Percys thus being the last family to maintain such a privilege. The family vault is however nearly full and a new private graveyard has been created in [[Hulne Park]] near Alnwick.  <section end=residences/>

==List of titleholders==
===Dukes of Northumberland; First creation (1551)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Edward VI of England]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" | Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| [[File:John Dudley (Knole, Kent).jpg|100px]]
| [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1504–1553) || 1551–1553 || [[Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Guildford]] || Tudor courtier and general, [[regent]] for [[Edward VI]], executed for [[high treason]] against [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] || [[Earl of Warwick#Earls of Warwick, Second Creation (1547)|Earl of Warwick]]<br/>[[Viscount Lisle#Viscounts Lisle, Fifth Creation (1543)|Viscount Lisle]]<br/>[[Baron Lisle#Barons Lisle, Fourth Creation (1444)|Baron Lisle]]
|}

===Dukes of Northumberland; Second creation (1683)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Charles II of England]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" |  Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| [[File:1stDukeOfNorthumberland.gif|100px]]
| [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1665–1716) || 1683–1716 || Catherine Wheatley<br/>Mary Dutton || Illegitimate son of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], died without heirs male || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fourth (re)creation (1674)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Viscount Falmouth#Viscounts Falmouth, First Creation (1674)|Viscount Falmouth]]<br/>Baron of Pontefract
|}

===Earls of Northumberland; Third creation (1749)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George II of Great Britain]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" |  Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:20%" | Countess !! style="width:25%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| [[File:John Vanderbank (1694-1739) - Algernon Seymour (1684–1750), Earl of Hertford, Later 7th Duke of Somerset - 485111 - National Trust.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland]] (1684–1750) || 1749–1750|| Frances Thynne || Grandson of [[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland]] || [[Duke of Somerset]] etc. <br/> [[Baron Warkworth]]
|-
| [[File:Hughpercy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy (Smithson), 2nd Earl of Northumberland]] (1714–1786) || 1750–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1716–1776)|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Son-in-law of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 1st Earl of Northumberland]]; created Duke of Northumberland in 1766 || [[Baron Warkworth]] <br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|}

===Dukes of Northumberland; Third creation (1766)===
{| style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George III of Great Britain]]
|-
!  Image !! Name !! Period !! width=240px|Duchess !! Notes !! width=180px|Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| [[File:Hughpercy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy (Smithson), 1st Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1714–1786) || 1766–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1716–1776)|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Created [[Lord Lovaine]] in 1784, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]], later 2nd Lord Lovaine and 1st [[Earl of Beverley]]. || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
| [[File:Portrait of Hugh Percy, Second Duke of Northumberland by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1788.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1742–1817) || 1786–1817|| [[Frances Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Frances Burrell]] || Son of the preceding ||rowspan="2"| [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
| [[File:Hugh Percy (1785–1847), 3rd Duke of Northumberland, by Thomas Phillips 1817.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1785–1847) || 1817–1847|| [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Charlotte Clive]]||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Baron Percy in 1812
|-
| [[File:Algernon Percy (1792–1865), 4th Duke of Northumberland by Francis Grant.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1792–1865)|| 1847–1865|| [[Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Eleanor Grosvenor]]||Brother of the preceding; had been created [[Baron Prudhoe]] in his own right in 1814||[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Prudhoe]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
| [[File:5th Duke of Northumberland cropped.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland]] (1778–1867) || 1865–1867|| ''widowed'' ||Cousin of the preceding; eldest son of [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley]], second son of the 1st Duke of Northumberland – had succeeded in earldom in 1830||rowspan="5"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
| [[File:Duke of Northumberland 1886 Hollyer.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland]] (1810–1899) || 1867–1899|| Louisa Drummond ||Son of the preceding
|-
| [[File:Earl Percy Vanity Fair 27 August 1881.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland]] (1846–1918) || 1899–1918|| Lady Edith Campbell ||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Lord Lovaine in 1887
|-
| [[File:Alan Ian Percy 8th Duke of Northumberland - Alexander Bassano - pre-1913.jpg|100px]]
| [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland]] (1880–1930) || 1918–1930|| [[Helen Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox]] ||Son of the preceding
|-
| [[File:George Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland]] (1912–1940) || 1930–1940|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
|-
| [[File:10th Duke of Northumberland 4 Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland]] (1914–1988) || 1940–1988|| [[Elizabeth Diana Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott]] ||Brother of the preceding||rowspan="3"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]] (from 1957)<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
| [[File:The 11th Duke of Northumberland Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland|Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland]] (1953–1995) || 1988–1995|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
|-
| [[File:12th Duke of Northumberland Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]] (b. 1956) || since 1995|| [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Richard]]||Brother of the preceding
|}

The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's elder son [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)

====Family tree and succession====
{{Northumberland family tree}}
{{Collapse top
|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}<ref>{{Cite book |date=2019|chapter=Northumberland, Duke of (Percy) |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's |pages=2675–2682 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-9997-6705-1}}</ref>}}
{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (c. 1714–1786)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|30px]] ''Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918)''
******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930)''
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''George Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940)''
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] '''Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland''' (b. 1956)
*********'''(1).''' [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)
*********'''(2).''' [[Lord Max Percy]] (b. 1990)
********'''(3).''' Lord James William Eustace Percy (b. 1965)
*********'''(4).''' Thomas Hugh Percy (b. 2001)
*********'''(5).''' Samuel James Edward Percy (b. 2008)
*******''[[Lord Richard Percy|Lord Richard Charles Percy]] (1921–1989)''
********male issue in remainder
******''[[Lord William Percy|Lord William Richard Percy]] (1882–1963)''
*******''Henry Edward Percy (1925–1985)''
********male issue in remainder
*******''Gerald Percy (1928–2005)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
***''[[Hugh Percy (bishop)|Hugh Percy]] (1784–1856)''
****''Algernon Charles Heber–Percy (1812–1901)''
*****''Algernon Heber-Percy (1845–1911)''
******''Algernon Hugh Heber-Percy (1869–1941)''
*******''Algernon George William Heber-Percy (1904–1961)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
*******''Hugh Reginald Heber-Percy (1905–1989)''
********''William David Heber-Percy (1939–2020)''
*********male issue in remainder
********other male issue in remainder
******''Josceline Reginald Heber-Percy (1880–1964)''
*******''David Josceline Algernon Heber-Percy (1909–1971)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
*****''Alan William Heber-Percy (1865–1946)''
******''Hugh Alan Heber-Percy (1897–1976)''
*******male issue in remainder
******''John Heber-Percy (1910–1975)''
*******male issue and descendants in remainder
****''Henry Percy (1813–1870)''
*****''Josceline Hugh Percy (1856–1910)''
******''Josceline Richard Percy (1894–1971)''
*******male issue in remainder
{{Tree list/end}}
{{collapse bottom}}

==Coat of arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Coat of arms of the duke of Northumberland.png
|crest = On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant with tail extended Azure
|coronet = A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Duke]]
|escutcheon = Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure (Brabant and Lovaine); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or (Percy); 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules (Drummond); 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules (Drummond, coat of augmentation)
|supporters = Dexter: a Lion rampant Azure; Sinister: a Lion rampant guardant Or ducally crowned of the last gorged with a Collar company Argent and Azure
|motto = Esperance En Dieu (Hope in God)
}}

== Ducal pipers==
Since at least the mid 18th century, the family has maintained a [[Northumbrian smallpipes|Northumbrian piper]]; the earliest known of these was Joseph Turnbull, who was painted in 1756 playing his pipes; the portrait, entitled ''Joseph Turnbull, Piper to the Duchess of Northumberland'' is at Alnwick Castle. At this time, before the Third Creation of the Dukedom, he would actually have been piper to the Countess. A later piper, William Green stated that "Joe Turnbull was the first Piper at Alnwick Castle – that was ever!" A list of the Ducal Pipers is at.<ref>http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041213144122/http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm |date=13 December 2004 }} Ducal Pipers</ref> The Ducal Piper from 1982-2022 was Richard Butler and the position is currently held by Andrew Davison. The piper's main duty is to play at the Shrove Tuesday football match in Alnwick, but they are invited to a variety of other functions.

Other pipers have been associated less formally with the family – the notorious piper James Allan (1729–1810) was a favourite of the Countess; in the last century [[Tom Clough]] and [[Richard Mowat]] are known to have played together with the Duke's then piper, James Hall, for the Duke and his guests at Alnwick; one such guest was Edward VII, in 1905.<ref>The Clough Family of Newsham, edited by Chris Ormston and Julia Say, Northumbrian Pipers' Society, {{ISBN|0-902510-20-7}}</ref>

== Named in their honour ==

* [[Northumberland Islands]], off [[Queensland]], Australia<ref>{{Cite QPN|24762|Northumberland Islands|island group in Isaac Region|access-date=4 July 2017}}</ref>
** [[Northumberland Islands National Park]], a protected area in Queensland
* [[Percy Isles]], off Queensland, Australia<ref>{{cite QPN|26441|Percy Isles|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
** [[Percy Isles National Park]], a protected area in Queensland

==In popular culture==
*[[Henry Percy (Hotspur)|Sir Henry Percy]], popularly known as "Harry Hotspur", is portrayed as a dashing hero by [[William Shakespeare]] in his historical play ''[[Henry IV, Part One]]''. Sir Henry was the eldest son and heir apparent of the [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|1st Earl of Northumberland]] and would have succeeded his father if not for his untimely death at the [[Battle of Shrewsbury]].
*[[Lord Percy Percy]], played by [[Tim McInnerny]], is a major character in the first two series of the British sitcom ''[[Blackadder]]''. In the first series, he is the Duke of Northumberland, while the Lord Percy in the second series is presumably his descendant and is heir to the dukedom. The first series was partly filmed at [[Alnwick Castle]], the residence and seat of the real Dukes of Northumberland.

== See also ==

*[[Alnwick Castle]] – the family's main residence
*[[Alnwick Garden]] – adjacent to Alnwick Castle
*[[Northumberland House]] – the family's former residence in central London (demolished in 1874)
*[[Northumbrian tartan]]
*[[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]], in which several dukes played a role in the 19th to 20th centuries
*[[Syon House]] – the family's [[River Thames|Thames]]-side residence in west London

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Northumberland, Earls and Dukes of|volume=19|pages=787–788}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Dukes of Northumberland}}
*[http://www.alnwickcastle.com/ Alnwick Castle website]
*[http://www.alnwickgarden.com Alnwick Garden website]
*[https://europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-m-r/house-percy/ European Heraldry page]
*[http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/ Northumberland Estates website]
*[http://www.syonpark.co.uk Syon House website]

{{Extant British dukedoms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Northumberland}}
[[Category:Dukes of Northumberland|*]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of Northumberland]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Forfeited dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Jacobite Peerage]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1551]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1683]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1716]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1766]]