View source for Duff Pattullo

{{short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Duff Pattullo
| image               = Thomas Dufferin Pattullo (cropped).jpg
| caption             = 
| image_size          = 200px
| office              = Premier of British Columbia
| order               = 22nd
| term_start          = November 15, 1933
| term_end            = December 9, 1941
| predecessor         = [[Simon Fraser Tolmie]]
| successor           = [[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]]
| monarch             = [[George V]]<br />[[Edward VIII]]<br />[[George VI]]
| lieutenant_governor = [[John William Fordham Johnson|John W. F. Johnson]]<br />[[Eric Hamber]]<br />[[William Culham Woodward|William C. Woodward]]
| constituency_AM1    = [[Prince Rupert (electoral district)|Prince Rupert]]
| assembly1           = British Columbia Legislative
| term_start1         = September 14, 1916
| term_end1           = August 31, 1945
| predecessor1        = ''Riding created''
| successor1          = [[William Henry Brett (British Columbia politician)|William Henry Brett]]
| birth_name          = Thomas Dufferin Pattullo
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1873|1|19|mf=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Woodstock, Ontario]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age |1956|03|30|1873|01|19}}
| death_place         = [[Victoria, British Columbia]]
| party               = [[Liberal Party of British Columbia|Liberal]]
| spouse              = Lillian Reidemaster
}}
'''Thomas Dufferin''' "'''Duff'''" '''Pattullo''' (January 19, 1873 &ndash; March 30, 1956) was a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd [[premier of British Columbia]] from 1933 to 1941 as a member of the [[Liberal Party of British Columbia|Liberal Party]] and served as the member of the [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]] representing the riding of [[Prince Rupert (electoral district)|Prince Rupert]] from 1916 to 1945.

==Early life and early political career==
Born in [[Woodstock, Ontario]], into a family of [[Scottish people|Scottish]] ancestry, Pattullo's early career was as a journalist with two newspapers in [[Ontario]]: the ''Woodstock Sentinel'' in the 1890s, and as editor of the ''Galt Reformer'' in 1896. He got a job as secretary to [[James Morrow Walsh]], the [[commissioner]] of the [[Yukon]], where he stayed until 1902. In 1908, he moved to [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia]] and soon became mayor. He was elected to the provincial [[legislature]] in the [[1916 British Columbia general election|1916 election]], and was appointed minister of lands in the [[British Columbia Liberal Party|Liberal]] government. Following the defeat of the Liberals in the [[1928 British Columbia general election|1928 election]], Pattullo became Liberal Party leader, and [[Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)|leader of the opposition]].  In the [[1933 British Columbia general election|1933 election]], with the Conservatives in disarray and not running any official candidates, Pattullo led the party back into government.

==Premier of British Columbia==

The Pattullo government, elected in the midst of the [[Great Depression]], attempted to extend government services and relief to the unemployed. In the [[1937 British Columbia general election|1937 general election]], his government was re-elected running on the slogan of "[[socialism|socialized]] [[capitalism]]".<ref name=price>Price, Christine, [https://summit.sfu.ca/item/3096 "A Very Conservative Radical": Reverend Robert Connell's encounter with Marxism in the BC CCF], Simon Fraser University MA Thesis, 2006</ref> His government was unable to secure a [[majority government|majority]] in the [[1941 British Columbia general election|1941 election]] due, in part, to the rise of the [[New Democratic Party of British Columbia|Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]]. He was unwilling to form a [[coalition government]] with the [[British Columbia Conservative Party|Conservatives]], so his Liberal Party removed him as leader and formed such a coalition despite his objections.

Aside from his serving as Minister of Lands (1916 to 1928), Leader of the Opposition (1929 to 1933), and as Premier (1933 to 1941), during his time in the Legislature, Pattullo also served as Provincial Secretary (1927 to 1928), Attorney-General (1937 and again in 1941), Minister of Education (1941), Minister of Finance (1941), Minister of Public Works (1939), and Minister of Railways (1933 to 1937).

In 1937, Premier Pattullo announced an agreement had been reached with the Federal Government for the acquisition of the Yukon Territory by British Columbia. <ref>{{cite news | title=British Columbia to Annex Yukon And Be Second to Quebec in Area; Agreement With Ottawa Will Add 207,076 Square Miles to Province--Dominion Will Pay $125,000 a Year for Five Years Toward Costs--Legislature Must Act | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/04/27/archives/british-columbia-to-annex-yukon-and-be-second-to-quebec-in-area.html}}</ref>

Pattullo was vocal in his opposition to extending franchise to minority groups in the Province, both during and after his tenure as premier. The concern raised was that if Chinese Canadians<ref name=woodward>{{Cite news |title=Calls to stop honouring 'racist' former premier by taking name off new Pattullo Bridge |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/vancouver/article/calls-to-stop-honouring-racist-former-premier-by-taking-name-off-new-pattullo-bridge/ |last=Woodward |first=Jon |date=2020-10-07 |access-date=2022-11-10 |work=CTV News}}</ref> or Japanese Canadians<ref name=centennial>{{Cite book |title=A Dream of Riches |last=Japanese Canadian Centennial Project Committee |publisher=Japanese Canadian Centennial Project |year=1978 |isbn=0-9690708-0-2 |location=Vancouver, BC |pages=103 |language=English, Japanese, French}}</ref><ref name=roy>{{Citation |title=Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War: The First Conference |last=Roy |first=Patricia |chapter-url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/general/book-1995-ww2-conference.pdf |publication-date=1977-10-22 |page=2 |chapter=The Soldiers Canada Didn't Want: Her Chinese and Japanese Citizens}}</ref> fight on behalf of Canada in WWII, these Canadians would return home and demand equal [[Canadian nationality law|rights of citizenship]].

{{Poem quote|text=In a trite and greatly exaggerated fashion [[Gordon Sylvester Wismer|he (Attorney General Gordon Wismer)]] suggested to [[James Ralston|Defence Minister J.L. Ralston]], "the oriental vote would be the deciding factor in a great many constituencies and you would face the possibility of having Orientals in Parliament." In urging the [[William Lyon Mackenzie King|prime minister]] to countermand any orders to call up Chinese or Japanese for compulsory military training, Premier T.D. Pattullo declared that British Columbia could "never tolerate" a demand for the [[Suffrage|franchise]]. |title=Patricia Roy, 1977<ref name=roy />}}

==Later life==

In the [[1945 British Columbia general election|1945 election]], Pattullo ran as an independent and lost his seat in the legislature and retired from politics.

He died in [[Victoria, British Columbia]], in 1956. He is interred and rested in the Royal Oak Burial Park in [[Victoria, British Columbia]].

==Honours==

The [[Pattullo Bridge]] is named in his honour, as well as [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert's]] Pattullo Park, [[Mount Pattullo]], the [[Pattullo Range]] in [[North Tweedsmuir Provincial Park]], and the Pattullo Glaciers in that range.<ref>[https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/16123.html BC Names/GeoBC entry "Pattullo Range"]</ref> Calls have been made to rename the replacement Pattullo bridge in consideration of Pattullo's anti-Asian political decisions while Premier.<ref name=woodward /> The replacement bridge is due to be completed in 2025.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External sources==
*[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thomas-dufferin-pattullo/ The Canadian Encyclopedia]

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{{Leaders of BC United}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pattullo, Thomas Dufferin}}
[[Category:Premiers of British Columbia]]
[[Category:Leaders of BC United]]
[[Category:BC United MLAs]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition (British Columbia)]]
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian Presbyterians]]
[[Category:Canadian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Canadian male journalists]]
[[Category:People from Woodstock, Ontario]]
[[Category:People from Prince Rupert, British Columbia]]
[[Category:20th-century mayors of places in British Columbia]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]]