View source for Drypool

{{Short description|Area of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}

{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = {{coord|53.74467|-0.32471|display=inline,title}}
| official_name            = Drypool
| population               = 12,500
| unitary_england          = [[Kingston upon Hull]]
| lieutenancy_england      = [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
| region                   = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[Kingston upon Hull East (UK Parliament constituency)|Kingston upon Hull East]]
| post_town                = HULL
| postcode_district        = HU8 & HU9
| postcode_area            = HU
| dial_code                = 01482
| os_grid_reference        = TA106286
| london_distance_mi       = 155
| london_direction         = S
| static_image_name        = Victoria Dock housing - geograph.org.uk - 808074.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Housing at Victoria Dock
}}
'''Drypool''' (''archaic'' Dripole<ref group="note">Also Dritpole, Dritpol, Dripold, Dripol, Dridpol</ref>) is an area within the city of [[Kingston upon Hull]], in the ceremonial county of the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], England.

Historically Drypool was a village, manor and later parish on the east bank of the [[River Hull]] near the confluence of the [[Humber Estuary]] and River Hull; it is now part of the greater urban area of Kingston upon Hull, and gives its name to a local government ward.

Modern Drypool ward is a mixture of light industrial developments and housing, mainly terraced, as well as the post 1980s housing development 'Victoria Dock Village' built on the infilled site of the former [[Victoria Dock, Hull|Victoria Dock]]. The area also includes [[The Deep (aquarium)|'The Deep']] aquarium, several schools, and a swimming baths.

==Geography==
===Drypool ward===
The local government ward of Drypool (2001) has its north-east border formed by Laburnum Avenue and Chamberlain Road, south-west of [[East Park, Kingston upon Hull|East Park]], and its western border formed by the River Hull, and its eastern border formed by New Bridge Road, and the eastern limit of the Victoria Dock Village estate (Earle's Road). The population of the ward in 2001 was about 12,500.<ref>{{NOMIS2001|id=00FANE| title = Drypool Ward (as of 2003)|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="ol">{{cite web|url = http://openlylocal.com/wards/4536-Drypool|title = Drypool ward : Hull City Council|publisher = Openly Local|access-date = 17 August 2011|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111008230223/http://openlylocal.com/wards/4536-Drypool|archive-date = 8 October 2011 }}</ref>

The local government ward of Drypool includes the entirely industrial area known as ''The Groves'' on Stoneferry Road, a western part of the area of [[Summergangs]] including the [[The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull|Garden Village]] estate and the house and grounds of [[Holderness House]]. Also within the ward are the [[Victoria Dock Village]], the area known as ''Garrison Side'' including ''Sammy's Point'' and [[The Deep (aquarium)|The Deep]] aquarium.

The south-western part of Holderness Road lies in the ward; including the Mount Retail Park (2002), East Hull Baths (1898) and listed James Reckitt Library (1889), and the area known as [[Witham, Kingston upon Hull|Witham]].

The Drypool Ward includes four primary schools: Buckingham Primary School, Craven Primary School, Mersey Primary School and Victoria Dock Primary School. It also includes much of the catchment area for Westcott Primary School (formerly Archbishop William Temple CoE Primary). The current catchment secondary school is David Lister on Rustenburg Street, but this is due to change to Malet Lambert School on James Reckitt Avenue.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

Drypool Ward is an electoral district returning three councillors to [[Hull City Council]].<ref name="ol"/> Both Labour and Liberal Democrat party candidates have been elected since 2007 in a roughly two-way split of votes.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,52587&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|title=Local Election Results 2007, Election results for Thursday 3 May 2007 election|publisher=[[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014}}
*{{cite web|url =http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,588255&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|title =Local Election Results 2008|publisher =[[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014}}
*{{cite web|url= http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,601004&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|title= Drypool by-election 2009 results|publisher= [[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,630024&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|title=Local Election Results 2010|publisher=[[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014}}
*{{cite web|url=https://web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshullerps/election/2011/dry.html|title=Local Election results for the ward of Drypool (Local election 2011)|publisher=[[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330234715/https://web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshullerps/election/2011/dry.html|archive-date=30 March 2012}}
*{{cite web| url =https://web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshullerps/election/2012/dry.html| title =Election results for the ward of Drypool (Local election 2012)| publisher =[[Hull City Council]]|access-date=8 September 2014| url-status =dead| archive-url =http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120910180611/https%3A//web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshullerps/election/2012/dry.html| archive-date =10 September 2012}}</ref>

===Drypool Parish===
The Anglican Parish of Drypool covers a larger area than the council ward, taking in parts of Southcoates West and Holderness Wards,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.achurchnearyou.com/stcolumbadrypool/| title = St Columba's, Hull, Drypool| publisher = [[The Church of England]]| work = A Church Near You|access-date=24 July 2013}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2012}} with a catchment population of over 24,000; the parishes regular services take place in the churches of St Columba of Iona, St John the Evangelist, and Victoria Dock Church which (as of 2010) uses Victoria Dock Village Hall for public worship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/DRYPOOLPARISH/documents/2010/2010Drypool_ParishProfileV2.pdf| title = Drypool Parish Profile| publisher = [[The Church of England]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320060506/http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/DRYPOOLPARISH/documents/2010/2010Drypool_ParishProfileV2.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|year=2010}}</ref>

In 1891 the [[civil parish]] had a population of 8,054.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10418124/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Drypool CP/PA through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=2 June 2024}}</ref> On 25 March 1898 the parish was abolished and merged with [[Sculcoates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10418124|title=Relationships and changes Drypool CP/PA through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=2 June 2024}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Expand section|1=19th and 20th century development, other. ''see talk''|date=September 2012}}
[[File:Drypool, cropped from Wenceslas Hollar - Hull, c.1640.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Drypool, with ditch and walls of Hull Castle, {{circa|1640}}, from [[Wenceslaus Hollar|Hollar]]'s map of Hull. (up is roughly east)]]
The hamlet of Drypool lay on the east bank of the River Hull, roughly opposite the Old Town;<ref name="dry1"/> it is mentioned in the ''[[Domesday Book]]'', where it is said that the two manors of "Sotecote and Dridpol" were worth thirty shillings at the time of [[Edward the Confessor]].<ref name="ingram">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|p=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=10&$right=11 11]|loc=}}</ref> Both manors were owned by [[Drogo de Bevrere]], a relative by marriage of [[William the Conqueror|William I]].<ref name="ingram"/>

Drypool was a [[chapelry]] of the parish of [[Swine, East Riding of Yorkshire|Swine]]; the region consisted mostly of floodable low-lying land or fen; Drypool, literally meaning "Dried up pool" was one of the areas (along with [[Southcoates]]) which was sufficiently raised to be habitable.<ref name="dry1">{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66793#s1 30. Outlying villages: Drypool]|pp= 460–464 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|p=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=9&$right=10 9]|loc=}}</ref> To the north-east of the hamlet was the area known as [[Summergangs]], a region of [[Ings]] only usable in summer.<ref name="dry1"/> During the early medieval period work was undertaken to improve the land by drainage; in the 13th&nbsp;century Saer de Sutton{{#tag:ref|Saer de Sutton, was lord of Drypool and Sutton,<ref name="sd">{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66796#s3 33. Outlying villages: Sutton : Agriculture]|pp= 470–475}}</ref> and had been made custodian of the port of Hull by [[Henry III of England|Henry III]].<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66771#s3 8. Medieval Hull : Wyke upon Hull]| pp= 11–85 }}</ref>|group="note"}} created a drainage ditch (later known as ''Summergangs Dike''),{{#tag:ref|Summergangs Dike, later also known as the Lambwath Stream.<ref name="hre">{{cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/HOME/PLANNING/CONSERVATION/CONSERVATION%20AREAS/HOLDERNESS%20ROAD%20(EAST)%20-%20CACA.PDF|title=Holderness Road (East) Conservation Area| date = September 2004|  publisher = [[Hull City Council]]|access-date=31 August 2009}}</ref>|group="note"}} and is thought to have diverted the River Hull along a new more easterly route, along the stream known as 'Sayer's Creek';<ref name="sd"/><ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66771#s2 8. Medieval Hull : Origins]|pp = 11–85  }}</ref> these waterways, along with the River Wilflete{{#tag:ref|The Wilflete separated Drypool from [[Marfleet]], its successor is the Holderness Drain.<ref name="dry1"/>|group="note"}}
and the Humber later formed the boundaries of parish of Drypool.<ref name="dry1"/><ref name="sd"/>

In 1302 a road from Hull to [[Hedon]] was made into a King's highway; it which originated at the River Hull, passing through Drypool and then roughly north-eastwards through 'Suttecotes Som'gang' (Summergangs) passing Southcoates at the west side before joining the old Sutton to Hedon road at Bilton;<ref>{{harvnb|Blashill| 1900|p=79}}</ref> this was later to become Holderness Road ([[A165 road|A165]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Holderness Road (West)|loc=section 6}}</ref>

There were jetties on the river at Drypool, one was removed in 1470, possibly due to silting of the haven,<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66771#s21 8. Medieval Hull : The Town] |pp= 11–85}}</ref> or due to the threat of invasion.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Hull|first1 = Edward |last1=Gillett|first2=Kenneth A. |last2=MacMahon|chapter = Houses, Walls and Water| pages=38–9}}</ref> There was also a staith for the 'north ferry' across the Hull; it became obsolete after the North Bridge was built as part of Henry VIII's [[Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull|fortifications of Hull]].<ref name="fer">{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66785#s2  22. Communications : Ferries]|pp= 387–397 }}</ref>

During the [[Pilgrimage of Grace]] (1536) Hull had been taken by the rebels.<ref>{{cite book|title = A topographical Dictionary of England |first = Samuel |last = Lewis|publisher = S. Lewis and Co.| year =1831|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MMc_AAAAcAAJ| volume=2| chapter = Kingston upon Hull|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMc_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA512| page=512}}</ref> After the rebellion [[Henry VIII]] ordered improvements to the fortifications of the town; these included the construction (1540s) of a castle ([[Hull Castle]]) and blockhouses with connecting wall on the Drypool side of the river, as well as a bridge connecting the two banks at a cost of £23,155&nbsp;17s&nbsp;5d.<ref>{{cite book|title =General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull |via =[[Internet Archive]] | first= James Joseph |last=Sheahan| publisher = Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London; John Green, Beverley|year = 1864|url = https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea| pages=[https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea/page/74 74]–76, 264–265}}</ref> After the restoration of [[Charles II of England]] the obsolete fortifications on the east bank of the river were extended and improved, at the same time incorporating a garrison into the city which had sided with the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]] during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]]; the new fortress, built in the 1680s, named "[[The Citadel, Hull|The Citadel]]" was a moated triangular [[bastion]]ed artillery fortification built in the south-west corner of Drypool; approximately {{convert|30|acres|m2|abbr=on}} of land was taken by the new fortification.<ref name="dry1"/><ref>{{NHLE|num=1020426|desc=Hull Castle, South Blockhouse and part of late 17th&nbsp;century Hull Citadel Fort at Garrison Side|access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> The area of the citadel became known as ''Garrison Side'', and was an [[extra-parochial area]] (1880s).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=22641&st=GARRISON%20SIDE| title = Garrison Side Yorkshire| work =A Vision of Britain through Time| publisher = [[University of Portsmouth]] et al|access-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

Drypool fell within the Parish of Swine until the 17th&nbsp;century, when a new parish of Drypool cum Southcoates was created.<ref name="ingram2">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|p=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=8&$right=9 9]|loc=}}</ref>

By 1821 Drypool had a population of 1409, increased from about 800 in 1811, and about 400 in 1801; by the 1820s the urban growth was such that it had become part of the greater Hull conurbation.<ref>{{cite book|title = A new and complete history of the county of York| volume =3 | first= Thomas |last=Allen| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIcOAAAAQAAJ| publisher = I.T. Hinton|chapter = IV. History and Topography of Kingston-upon-Hull without the Docks, including the parishes of Sculcoates and Drypool| year =1828 |pages=129–170|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sIcOAAAAQAAJ&q=drypool&pg=PA129}}</ref> Drypool (with the parish of Drypool cum Southcoates) was formally incorporated into Kingston upon Hull in 1837.<ref>{{harvnb|Holderness Road (West)|loc=section 6.9}}</ref>

By 1849 the Citadel was out of military use, and in 1863–64 the site was sold, and the structure demolished.<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66788 25. Fortifications]|pp= 412–418, ¶ 32}}</ref> [[Victoria Dock, Hull|Victoria Dock]] had been constructed north-east of the garrison between 1845 and 1850.<ref>[[#spggarrison|SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side..]], section 27.8</ref> The [[Hull Dock Company|Dock company]], having acquired the site of the Citadel, began to develop it, laying out streets,<ref>[[#spggarrison|SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side..]], section 27.11</ref> a toll bridge connecting to the west bank was also built in 1865 (demolished 1944), known as South Bridge or "[[Ha'penny Bridge, Kingston upon Hull|Ha'penny Bridge]]".<ref group="map" name="hp"/> Building development on the garrison site was limited; by 1890 the site was used primarily for timber storage, with extensive railway sidings.<ref>Ordnance Survey. 1:2500. 1893</ref>

The area was heavily damaged by bombing during the [[Hull Blitz]] of the Second World War. Victoria Dock closed in 1970.<ref name="p1950">[[#spggarrison|SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side..]], section 27.12</ref>

In 1981 the [[A63 road]] (Garrison Road section) was constructed through the parish,<ref>[[#spggarrison|SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side..]], section 27.13</ref> which included the construction of a new swing bridge over the River Hull, [[Myton Bridge, Kingston upon Hull|Myton Bridge]].

The Victoria Dock site was redeveloped as [[Victoria Dock Village]] in the 1990s with about 2,500 houses.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iyHzEUKEUi8C| title = The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity |editor-first = Brian J.|editor-last =  Graham| editor2-first=Peter| editor2-last= Howard| publisher = Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.| year=  2008|isbn = 978-0-7546-4922-9|chapter = 21. The Heritage of Mundane Places| first = David| last = Atkinson| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iyHzEUKEUi8C| at = Maritime Kitsch at Victoria Dock, Hull, pp.391–2}}</ref>

== Architecture==
===Churches===
;Anglican
[[File:St Peter's Church, Drypool Green - geograph.org.uk - 627477.jpg|Gravestones, site of the former St Peter's church and graveyard|thumb]]
The ''[[Domesday Book]]'' does not mention a church in Drypool, though one is shown on a drawing of 1350; some archaeological evidence suggests a date of as early as the 12th&nbsp;century for its construction. The original church of St Peter{{#tag:ref|Earlier in the 15th&nbsp;century known as ''St Peter and St Paul''.<ref name="dc"/>|group="note"}} was demolished in 1822,<ref name="dc"/><ref name= "ingchurch1">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|pp=11–12|loc=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=10&$right=11 "The First Church"]}}</ref> being in ruinous condition; and with the intention of building a new larger vessel, with over a 1,000 seats, increased from 200. The new church was designed by William Hutchinson and had a four bayed nave incorporating the former church's arches and windows, with a four-storey tower, and was entirely rendered in cement, it was completed in 1823.<ref group="map" name="stpeter"/><ref name= "ingchurch2">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|pp=43–48|loc=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=42&$right=43 "The Rebuilding of the Parish Church"]}}</ref> The church's chancel was rebuilt in 1867. St Peter's remained in use until 1941 when it was destroyed during the Second World War.<ref name="dc">{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66777#s6 13. The parish churches: Drypool Church]|pp= 287–311 }}</ref>

There was briefly a church in the former cemetery on Hedon Road, first called St Nathaniel, later St Bartholemew's;<ref group="map" name="stnath"/> it was used to service the growth of population due to the construction, and operation of [[Alexandra Dock, Hull|Alexandra Dock]]. Initially a [[sacristy]] (the mortuary chapel) in the cemetery was used, in 1891 replaced by an iron church of the ''[[tin tabernacle]]'' type.<ref name= "ingchurch3a">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|p=57|loc=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=57&$right=58 "St. Bartholemew's Church"]}}</ref> The church closed and was demolished in 1929; the cemetery was later converted into park gardens by Hull City Corporation.<ref name="dc"/>

The church of St Andrew was [[consecration|consecrated]] in 1878;<ref group="map" name="standr"/><ref name="dc"/> designed by architects 'Adams & Kelly' in Geometric Decorated Gothic style of brick with stone; it was built in response to the expansion of the east of the town due to the construction of Victoria Dock,<ref name= "ingchurch4">{{harvnb|Ingram|1959|pp=55–|loc=[http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=54&$right=55 "The building of St. Andrew's Church"]}}</ref> and became the parish church in 1879. The parish church became St Columba in 1961.<ref name="dc"/> St Andrews has been demolished.

The church of [[St Columba, Kingston upon Hull|St Columba]] in the [[The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull|Garden Village]] area of Summergangs became the parish church for Drypool in 1961.<ref name="dc"/>

On Rosmead Street another temporary church was opened in 1919, but burnt to the ground in 1923. A permanent replacement 'St John the Evangelist' was built 1925, but was bombed in 1941 during the Second World War, after repairs it was reopened in 1952.<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc =[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66777#s7 14. The parish churches : Modern Parishes formed from Drypool]|pp= 287–311}}</ref><ref group="map" name="stjohn"/>

In ''The Groves'' in the parish of Sutton was St Mark's, built in brick with stone facings 1844 in early medieval style. It was bomb damaged during the Second World War and demolished in the late 1950s.<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66777#s13 14. The parish churches : Modern Parishes formed from Sutton]| pp =  287–311}}</ref>

;Other denominations
The [[Roman Catholic]] church of St Mary's was built in 1890/1891,<ref name="cc">{{cite book|title = Bulmer's History, Topography and Directory of East Yorkshire and Hull, 1892|year = 1892|chapter = Churches and Chapels|chapter-url = http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Hull/HullHistory/HullHistory9.html|url = http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Hull/HullHistory/HullHistoryIndex.html|via = [[GENUKI]] |type=digitised reprint|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120410215208/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Hull/HullHistory/HullHistoryIndex.html|archive-date = 10 April 2012}}</ref><ref group="map" name="stmary"/> supplementing a school with chapel built in 1856.<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66779 16. Roman Catholicism]|pp= 330–332 }}</ref> It was demolished in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://middlesbrough-diocese.org.uk/parishes/st-mary-queen-of-martyrs-hull| title = St Mary, Queen of Martyrs, Hull|publisher =The Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough| access-date=17 August 2011|work = middlesbrough-diocese.org.uk}}</ref>

The [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist]] ''Holderness Road Methodist Chapel'' was opened in 1962, replacing the 1877 ''Brunswick Chapel'' on the same site,<ref group="map" name="holdmeth"/> built to replace a temporary school and church built in 1873 nearby on Durham Street.<ref name="pw"/> There was also a church on Lime Street in ''The Groves'' built 1826.<ref group="map" name="limech"/> It was later used as a Sunday School, then by the Methodists, then as a warehouse.<ref name="pw"/> Another building on Church Street/Raikes Street corner (Drypool) was built in 1805, used first as Sunday school, and from 1877 (to 1930) as a chapel.<ref group="map" name="raikes"/><ref name="pw"/> Both were superseded by ''Kingston Chapel'',<ref group="map" name="king"/> built in a [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek architectural style]] with an [[Ionic order|Ionic]] portico. It opened in 1841, with about 2,000 seats.<ref name="pw"/><ref>Ordnance Survey, 1856, 1:1056</ref> The chapel was damaged in 1941 by bombing, and later demolished.<ref name="pw"/>

An independent church on Holborn Street (Witham) was built in 1830,{{#tag:ref|Football Association founder [[Ebenezer Cobb Morley]] was baptised at Holborn Street in 1831.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Help-honour-city-born-FA-founder/story-11956178-detail/story.html| title = Help us honour city-born FA founder| date = 1 August 2008| work = This is Hull and East Riding| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060606/http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Help-honour-city-born-FA-founder/story-11956178-detail/story.html| archive-date = 16 June 2012}}</ref>|group="note"}}<ref group="map" name="holb"/> after 1860 it was used by the [[Primitive Methodists]].<ref name="pw"/> It closed in 1954.{{#tag:ref|The structure is still extant, the building is in commercial use (2011).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.churches-uk-ireland.org/towns/h/hull.html|title = The Churches of Britain and Ireland : Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire| via = churches-uk-ireland.org|first= Steve |last=Bulman| date =13 June 2011|access-date=19 August 2011}}</ref>|group="note"}} The primitive Methodists also had chapels at Hodgson Street (The Groves),<ref group="map" name = "hogd"/> built 1884, closed 1940;<ref name="pw"/>{{#tag:ref|The chapel suffered bomb damage during the Second World War, and was sold in the 1940s, it was part of a factory in 1964.<ref name="pw"/> The structure still exists in the first decade of the 21st&nbsp;century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=hodgson+street+&hl=en&ll=53.749873,-0.328718&spn=0.000002,0.003433&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=21.856753,39.506836&vpsrc=6&t=h&z=19&layer=c&cbll=53.749882,-0.327537&panoid=2uSUnpJHNi7zQEbJ4bDDLQ&cbp=12,135.45,,0,-6.65|title = View Hodgson Street chapel (Streetview Google Inc.)|publisher = Google Maps|access-date = 19 August 2011}}</ref>|group="note"}} also at Bright Street (Holderness Road),<ref group="map" name="bright"/> an [[Italianate architecture|Italianate style]] red and white brick building with over 1,000 seats opened 1864, it was bomb damaged in 1941, and demolished 1964;<ref name="pw"/> and at the ''Bethesda Chapel'', Holland Street (Holderness Road),<ref group="map" name="beth"/> built 1902, closed 1962; and the ''Henry Hodge Memorial Chapel'' in Williamson Street, built 1873 and closed 1940.<ref name="pw"/><ref name="pm">{{cite web|url = http://www.hullwebs.co.uk/content/j-georgians/leisure/Prims.pdf| title = THE PRIMS : Primitive Methodism in Hull| work = hullwebs.co.uk|access-date=24 January 2013}}</ref><ref group="map" name="henry"/>

The [[Congregational church|Congregationalist]] ''Latimer Church'' in Williamson Street,<ref group="map" name="latimer"/> was built in 1875 in red and white brick in gothic style. In 1923 it was taken over by the [[Port of Hull Society for the Religious Instruction of Seamen]].<ref name="cc"/><ref name="pw"/>{{#tag:ref|'''Image''' {{cite web|title=Latimer church, Williamson Street 1889|first= Frederick Schultz |last=Smith|work = hullcc.gov.uk|publisher = [[Hull Maritime Museum]], Hull City Museums Collections |url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/museumcollections/collections/search-results/resultsoverview.php?keywordsorig=&titleorig=&personorig=&placeorig=&dateorig=&materialorig=&accessionnumberorig=KINCM%3A1929.241&collectionorig=&museumorig=&keywords=Latimer+Church%2C+Williamson+Street%2C+1889&SearchSubmit.x=0&SearchSubmit.y=0&SearchSubmit=Search&newsearch=new&title=&person=&place=&date=&material=&accessionnumber=&collectionall=all&museumall=all&location=any}}|group="note"}} [[The Salvation Army]] built a Citadel in Franklin Street in 1970, closed in 2006 and converted to housing.<ref group="map" name="salv"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Misc/Transcriptions/ERY/HullChurchHistory11.html| title = The Churches of Summergang| first = Peter| last = Kessler| year = 2011| publisher = [[GENUKI]]| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110827125302/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Misc/Transcriptions/ERY/HullChurchHistory11.html| archive-date = 27 August 2011}}</ref>

A [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] church in the Gothic Revival style was built in 1874 on Holderness Road, it was bomb damaged in 1941, and was demolished in 1972 (part of the adjacent Sunday School remains).<ref group="map" name="ss"/><ref name="pw">{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66778#s4 15. Protestant Nonconformity : Places of Worship] |pp =311–330 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Holderness Road (West)|loc=see references to "60 Holderness Road"}}</ref> There is a modern [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales|Evangelical Presbyterian]] church on Holderness Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehpc.co.uk/| title = East Hull Presbyterian Church|  publisher = East Hull Presbyterian Church|access-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>

===Other structures===
<!-- "James Reckitt Public Library" redirects here -->
[[File:East Hull Baths - geograph.org.uk - 214595.jpg|thumb|East Hull Baths (2006)]]
The East Hull Baths (Holderness Road) opened in 1898, and are adjacent to the ''James Reckitt Library''.<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66784#s12 21. Public services : Baths ]|pp =  371–386 }}</ref> The building is of red brick with ashlar banding and decoration, the interior includes [[Art Nouveau]] tiled decorations.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1297036| desc=Beverley Road Swimming Centre, Kingston Upon Hull|access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref><ref group="map" name="libbath"/> The building remained in use as council run public baths until April 2018 when it closed, with swimming facilities transferring to the nearby Woodford Leisure Centre which had been renovated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/holderness-road-landmak-east-hull-1444704|title=Holderness Road landmark East Hull Pools closes after final session|last=Young|first=Angus|date=13 April 2018|work=Hull Daily Mail|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page-_pageid=221,674011&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&p_id=6423&p_month=Sep-16&p_page_number=2&content=pressrelease|title=Woodford Leisure Centre prepares for 6 million pound extension|date=6 September 2016|publisher=Hull City Council|access-date=18 April 2018|type=Press Release}}</ref>

The James Reckitt Public Library (Holderness Road) opened in 1889 adjacent to the ''East Hull Baths'' to serve the east of Hull. It was Hull's first free library and was established by [[James Reckitt]] with more than 8,000 books. The library was donated to the borough of Hull in 1892 when the city adopted the [[Public Libraries Act 1850|Public Libraries Act]].<ref>{{harvnb|Allison|1969|loc = [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=666789#s9 26. Social Institutions : Libraries]| pp=  418–432}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshull/images/att7208.pdf|title = The James Reckitt Library Endowment Fund: Report and Financial Statements for the Year ended 31st March 2007|publisher = Hull City Council|url-status = dead|archive-url = http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20111012225838/https%3A//web5.hullcc.gov.uk/akshull/images/att7208.pdf|archive-date = 12 October 2011}}</ref> The building, designed by [[Sir (William) Albert Gelder|Albert Gelder]] was built of red brick with some [[ashlar]] window and banding features in a gothic revival style, a pyramidal tower roof was lost due to bomb damage during the Second World War, the remainder of the building is a listed structure.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1391073|desc = James Reckitt Library|access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> The library closed in 2006.<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.cilip.org.uk/get-involved/special-interest-groups/history/publications/newsletter/Documents/Spring%202010%20A5%20booklet.pdf|journal = Library and Information History Newsletter|date = Spring 2010|publisher = Library and Information History Group, [[Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals]]|pages = 9–11|title = What to do with old buildings|access-date = 26 August 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927102436/http://www.cilip.org.uk/get-involved/special-interest-groups/history/publications/newsletter/Documents/Spring%202010%20A5%20booklet.pdf|archive-date = 27 September 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref>

The striking building housing [[The Deep (aquarium)|the Deep]] public aquarium is situated at Sammy's Point, at the confluence of the [[River Hull]] and the [[Humber Estuary]]. It was designed by Sir [[Terry Farrell (architect)|Terry Farrell]], and construction completed in 2001.

== Notable people ==
*[[John Venn]] (1834–1923), logician and inventor of the Venn Diagram, was born in Drypool, son of Rev. Henry Venn, Rector of Drypool
*[[William Wilberforce]] MP, the famous anti-slavery campaigner was patron of Drypool Parish
*[[Isaac Reckitt]] founded Reckitt & Sons in Dansom Lane, Drypool in 1840, selling starch.
*[[David Whitfield]] (1925–1980), a popular British male tenor vocalist born, raised and lived in Drypool, he began his love affair with singing as a choir boy at St Peter's Church.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.orwin.karoo.net/people/dead/People/Whitfield.html| title = David Whitfield (1926–80)|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bridges on the River Hull]], North Bridge and its ancestors, Drypool, Myton, South and other bridges cross the River Hull into Drypool
*[[Drypool and Marfleet Steam Tramways Company]], early Hull tramway company
*[[The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull]], model village housing development to the north.
*[[List of areas in Kingston upon Hull]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | title = A History of the County of York East Riding | volume = 1 |  chapter = The City of Kingston upon Hull | year = 1969 | editor-first = K.&nbsp;J. | editor-last = Allison | series = Victoria County Histories | url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=549 }}
*{{cite book|title=Sutton-in-Holderness: the manor, the berewic, and the village community|year=1900|first=Thomas|last=Blashill|url=https://archive.org/details/suttoninholderne00blasiala|publisher=Elliot Stock|location=London}}
*{{cite book| url = https://archive.org/details/evidencesrelati00clubgoog| title = Evidences Relating to the Eastern Part of the City of Kingston-upon-Hull| first = Thomas| last = Blashill| year = 1903| publisher = A. Brown & Sons}}
*{{cite book|title = Drypool : Being the History of the Ancient Parish of Drypool cum Southcoates|first = M. Edward|last = Ingram|publisher = The British Publishing Company|location = Gloucester|year = 1959|url = http://www.drypoolparish.org.uk/drypoolparish/HistoryBook/index.php?$left=4&$right=5|via =  www.drypoolparish.org.uk}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/HOME/PLANNING/CONSERVATION/CONSERVATION%20AREAS/HOLDERNESS%20ROAD%20(WEST)%20-%20CACA.PDF|title=Holderness Road (West) : Conservation Area Character Appraisal|publisher=[[Hull City Council]]|date=June 2004|ref={{harvid|Holderness Road (West)|}}|access-date=31 August 2009}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/HOME/PLANNING/CONSERVATION/SCHEDULED%20MONUMENTS/MONUMENT%20AT%20GARRISON%20SIDE.PDF| title = SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull| publisher = Hull City Council| year = 2004| work = Hull City Council Supplementary planning guidance| ref = spggarrison| access-date = 22 June 2012| archive-date = 5 July 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150705063050/http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/HOME/PLANNING/CONSERVATION/SCHEDULED%20MONUMENTS/MONUMENT%20AT%20GARRISON%20SIDE.PDF| url-status = dead}}
{{refend}}

===Maps and locations===
{{GeoGroup|section=Maps and locations}}
{{reflist|group="map"|30em|refs =

<ref name="hp">{{coord|53.740125|-0.330772|display=inline|type:landmark|name = South Bridge ("Ha'penny Bridge"), 1864-1944}}, South Bridge ("Ha'penny Bridge"), 1864–1944</ref>

<ref name="stpeter">{{coord|name =St Peter's church |53.744674|-0.324869|type:landmark|display=inline}} St Peter's church, on Great Union Street, with Drypool basin of Victoria Dock to the south after the 1850s</ref>

<ref name="stnath">{{coord|name =St Nathaniel's, later St Bartholemew's |53.747904|-0.302191|type:landmark|display=inline}} St Nathaniel's, later St Bartholemew's, in the former ''Drypool and Southcoates Cemetery'' on Hedon Road cemetery.</ref>

<ref name="standr">{{coord|name =St Andrew's church |53.751209|-0.317116|type:landmark|display=inline}} St Andrew's church, corner of Abbey Street and Holderness Road</ref>

<ref name="stjohn">{{coord|name = St John the Evangelist|53.753030|-0.299369|type:landmark|display=inline}} St John the Evangelist, Rosmead Street</ref>

<ref name="stmary">{{coord|name =St Mary's Roman Catholic Church |53.750222|-0.321375|type:landmark|display=inline}} St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Wilton Street, south-west end of Holderness Road, Drypool.</ref>

<ref name="holdmeth">{{coord|name = Holderness Road Methodist church|53.756184|-0.31038|type:landmark|display=inline}} Holderness Road Methodist church.</ref>

<ref name="limech">{{coord|name =Lime Street chapel |53.75041|-0.331541|display=inline|type:landmark}} Lime Street chapel</ref>

<ref name="raikes">{{coord|name =Raikes Street / Church Street Wesleyan chapel |53.746394|-0.323775|display=inline|type:landmark}} Raikes Street / Church Street Wesleyan chapel</ref>

<ref name="king">{{coord|name = Kingston Chapel |53.748718|-0.323098|display=inline|type:landmark}} Kingston Chapel, Witham (Holderness Road)</ref>

<ref name="holb">{{coord|name = Holborn Street Chapel|53.748516|-0.324546|type:landmark|display=inline}} Holborn Street Chapel, Witham</ref>

<ref name = "hogd">{{coord|name = Hodgson Street chapel|53.74976|-0.32733|display=inline|type:landmark}} Hodgson Street chapel.</ref>

<ref name="bright">{{coord|name =Bright Street / Holderness Road chapel |53.750156|-0.319625|display=inline|type:landmark}} Bright Street / Holderness Road chapel</ref>

<ref name="beth">{{coord|name = Bethesda Chapel|53.754884|-0.311197|display=inline|type:landmark}} Bethesda Chapel, Holland Street (Holderness Road)</ref>

<ref name="henry">{{coord|name =Henry Hodge Memorial Chapel |53.747349|-0.317187|type:landmark |display=inline}} Henry Hodge Memorial Chapel, Williamson Street, demolished after the 1990s for housing development</ref>

<ref name="latimer">{{coord|name = Latimer Church|53.747806|-0.318630|display=inline|type:landmark}} Latimer Church, Williamson Street</ref>

<ref name="salv">{{coord|name = Franklin Street Citadel, Salvation Army|53.750246|-0.318209|display=inline|type:landmark}} Franklin Street Citadel, Salvation Army</ref>

<ref name="ss">{{coord|name =Presbyterian Sunday School and church |53.749457|-0.319949|type:landmark|display=inline}} Presbyterian Sunday School and church.</ref>

<ref name="libbath">{{coord|name =East Hull Baths |53.750323|-0.318693|display = inline|type:landmark}} East Hull Baths, James Reckitt Library immediately adjacent to the south-west</ref>

}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Drypool}}
*[http://www.yorkshirehistory.com/citadel/index.htm The Citadel]
*{{Genuki|county=ERY|Drypool}}
{{Kingston upon Hull|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Wards and districts of Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Geographic histories of Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire]]