View source for Drapery

{{Short description|Depiction of the folds and woven patterns of loose-hanging clothing on the human form}}
{{for|the cave formation|flowstone}}
[[File:Gordijnen aan venster.JPG|thumb|upright=1|Drapery used as window [[curtain]]s]]
'''Drapery''' is a general word referring to [[cloth]]s or [[textile]]s ([[Old French]] {{Lang|ang|draperie}}, from [[Late Latin]] {{Lang|la|drappus}}<ref>"Perhaps of [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] origin" ''[[OED]]''.</ref>).  It may refer to cloth used for decorative purposes &ndash; such as around windows &ndash; or to the trade of retailing cloth, originally mostly for clothing, formerly conducted by drapers.

== Drape ==
Drape (draping or fabric drape) is the property of different textile materials describing how they fold, fall, or hang over a three-dimensional body. Draping depends upon the [[fiber]] characteristics and the flexibility, looseness, and [[Hand feel|softness]] of the material.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kadolph|first=Sara J.|url=https://archive.org/details/textiles0000kado|title=Textiles|date=1998|publisher=Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Merrill|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-13-494592-7|pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sinclair|first=Rose|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GJlzAwAAQBAJ&q=fabric+drape&pg=PA727|title=Textiles and Fashion: Materials, Design and Technology|date=2014-11-08|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-85709-561-9|pages=727|language=en}}</ref> [[Draped garment]]s follow the form of the human body beneath them.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baines|first=Barbara Burman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u4OAQAAMAAJ&q=draping+clothes+enhance+female+body+beneath|title=Fashion Revivals: From the Elizabethan Age to the Present Day|date=1981|publisher=Batsford|isbn=978-0-7134-1929-0|pages=61|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shukla|first=Pravina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xyjaAAAAMAAJ&q=draping+clothes+enhance+female+body|title=The Grace of Four Moons: Dress, Adornment, and the Art of the Body in Modern India|date=2008|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-34911-8|pages=166|language=en}}</ref>

== Art ==
[[File:DSC00205 - Stele funeraria con danzatrice - Arte greca del sec. V aC. - Foto di G. Dall'Orto.jpg|thumb|[[Funerary stele]] of a Greek dancer, 400s BC]]
In [[art history]], drapery refers to any cloth or textile depicted, which is usually clothing. The schematic depiction of the folds and woven patterns of loose-hanging clothing on the human form, with ancient prototypes, was reimagined as an adjunct to the female form by Greek vase-painters and sculptors of the earliest fifth century and has remained a major source of stylistic formulas in sculpture and painting, even after the [[Renaissance]] adoption of tighter-fitting clothing styles.  After the Renaissance, large cloths with no very obvious purpose are often used decoratively, especially in portraits in the [[grand manner]]; these are also known as draperies.

For the Greeks, as [[Sir Kenneth Clark|Kenneth Clark]] noted,<ref>Clark, Kenneth.''The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form'', Washington, 1956, p.184.</ref> clinging drapery followed the planes and contours of the bodily form, emphasizing its twist and stretch: "floating drapery makes visible the line of movement through which it has just passed.... Drapery, by suggesting lines of force, indicates for each action a past and a possible future." Clark contrasted the formalized draperies in the frieze at Olympia with the sculptural frieze figures of the [[Parthenon]], where "it has attained a freedom and an expressive power that have never been equalled except by [[Leonardo da Vinci]]". Undraped male figures, Clark observed, "were kept in motion by their flying cloaks."

In 18th century England, many of the leading portrait painters with a large workshop engaged the services of [[drapery painter]]s, who were specialists who painted the dress, costumes and other accessories worn by the sitters in portrait paintings.<ref name=oxdrap>[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095730306 Drapery painter] in Oxford Reference</ref> While the portraitist completed the face and hands, the drapery painter was responsible for the pose and costume.  These specialists were not necessarily assistants in the workshop of the portrait painters but rather subcontractors. The Flemish painter [[Joseph van Aken]] was the leading drapery painter in 18th century England working for most portrait artists and as a consequence many of the works of English portrait artists of that period are often difficult to distinguish one from another.<ref name=hud>[https://www.libson-yarker.com/pictures/joseph-van-aken-the-drapery-painter Thomas Hudson (1701–1779), ''Joseph Van Aken, the drapery painter''] at Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd</ref>
== Interior design ==
In [[interior design]], drapery refers almost exclusively to window treatments. It is often used as a focal point alongside the windows or as a way to help block sun/glare. There is general agreement that drapery in design is more substantial and weightier than other window treatments, such as [[curtain]] paneling. Drapes are also normally lined, whereas curtain panels normally are not. You can have drapery that is sheer, light filtering, room darkening or blackout; so they can be used in almost every room of the house if desired. Drapery is also considered a relatively permanent installation, adding an integral element to the room's design by adding color or pattern to complement the rest of the architectural and soft elements.  

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" widths="190" heights="190" perrow="5">
File:Meryre and his wife Iniuia.jpg|Portrait of Meryre and Iniuia, 18th Dynasty, {{Circa|1300 BC}}
File:Palace servants, Persepolis, 5th-4th century BCE - Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art - DSC08136.JPG|Palace servants, Persepolis, 5th-4th century BC
File:Poppaea Olimpia.jpg|[[Poppaea]], wife of Nero
File:2009-07 haltern imperium 04.jpg|Statues of the Roman Empire
File:Fresque Mithraeum Marino.jpg|Fresco of [[Mithras]] and the Bull from the [[mithraeum]] at Marino, 3rd century CE
File:Hexateuch king.jpg|Anglo-Saxon king and [[witan]], 900s AD
File:BambergApocalypse03CoronationOfEmperor.JPG|The [[Bamberg Apocalypse]]
File:Edgar in Regularis Concordia.jpg|11th century [[Anglo-Saxon art|Anglo-Saxon miniature]]
File:Buddha of infinite light and life - Cleveland Museum of Art (30144512214).jpg|Buddha, Japan, 1269 AD
File:Benin plaque in the Ethnological Museum, Berlin - 054.JPG|[[Benin bronze|Benin Bronze]], 1500-1600
File:Thomas Hudson (1701-1779) - Lady Lucy Manners (1717–1788), Duchess of Montrose - 290369 - National Trust.jpg|''Portrait of Lady Lucy Manners'' by [[Thomas Hudson (painter)|Thomas Hudson]], drapery by [[Joseph van Aken]]
File:Cumberland-Reynolds.jpg|[[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland]], 1721-1765
File:Flöte spielender Gott Krishna Museum Rietberg RVI 530.jpg|[[Krishna]] dancing and playing the flute, Orissa, India, ~1800 AD
File:Qing White Jade Buddha.jpg|Buddha, Qing dynasty
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[Master of the Drapery Studies]]

== Notes ==
<references/>

{{fabric}}

[[Category:Interior design]]
[[Category:Furnishings]]
[[Category:History of art]]
[[Category:Properties of textiles]]