View source for Dovedale

{{Short description|Valley in the Peak District, England}}
{{other uses|Dovedale (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|Dove Dale}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox valley
 | name              = Dovedale
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 | photo             = Dovedale.JPG
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 | photo_caption     = Thorpe Cloud and Stepping Stones, Dovedale
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 | location          = [[Staffordshire]] and [[Derbyshire]], England
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 | coordinates       = {{Coord|53.060|-1.777|display=title,inline|type:river}}
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 | watercourses      = [[River Dove, Derbyshire|River Dove]]
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'''Dovedale''' is a [[valley]] in the [[Peak District]] of England.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cressbrook.co.uk/outdoors/walk40.php
|title=Peak District walk down Dovedale from Alstonefield
|publisher=www.cressbrook.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
|archive-date=4 July 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704053742/http://www.cressbrook.co.uk/outdoors/walk40.php
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The land is owned by the [[National Trust]] and attracts a million visitors annually.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshireuk.net/dovedale.html
|title=Dovedale - Dovedale in Derbyshire and the Peak District
|publisher=www.derbyshireuk.net
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> The valley was cut by the [[River Dove, Central England|River Dove]] and runs for just over {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} between Milldale in the north and a wooded ravine, near [[Thorpe Cloud]] and Bunster Hill, in the south.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ashbourne-town.com/villages/dovedale/index.html
|title=Dovedale Derbyshire
|publisher=www.ashbourne-town.com
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> In the wooded ravine, a set of stepping stones cross the river<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/ilamwalk.htm
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20040814125112/http://www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/ilamwalk.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=14 August 2004
|title=Discover Derbyshire and the Peak District
|publisher=www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> and there are two caves known as the Dove Holes.

Dovedale's other attractions include rock pillars such as Ilam Rock,<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.walkingenglishman.com/peakdistrict06.htm
|title=Walks in The Peak District - Dove Dale and Wolfscote Dale walk
|publisher=www.walkingenglishman.com
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> Viator's Bridge and the limestone features Lovers' Leap and Reynard's Cave.<ref name='nationaltrust'>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-ilampark/w-east_midlands-places-southpeakestate/w-east_midlands-places-dovedale.htm 
 |title=Ilam Park – Dovedale 
 |publisher=National Trust 
 |access-date=2008-04-04 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317052126/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-ilampark/w-east_midlands-places-southpeakestate/w-east_midlands-places-dovedale.htm 
 |archive-date=2008-03-17 
 |url-status=dead 
}}
</ref>

==Geology==
The [[limestone]] rock that forms the geology of Dovedale consists of the fossilised remains of sea creatures that lived in a shallow sea over the area during the [[Carboniferous]] period, about 350 million years ago. During the two{{Fix|text=last two?}} [[ice age]]s, the limestone rock (known as reef limestone) was cut into craggy shapes by glacial meltwater, and dry caves such as Dove Holes and Reynard's Kitchen Cave were eventually formed.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk/Fact%20Sheets/fz8dov.htm 
 |title=The Peak District National Park - Fact Zone 8. Dovedale and the Dove Valley 
 |publisher=www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk 
 |access-date=2008-04-04 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308044221/http://www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk/Fact%20sheets/fz8dov.htm 
 |archive-date=2010-03-08 
}}
</ref>

==History==
[[File:Philip James de Loutherbourg (1740-1812) - Dovedale in Derbyshire - YORAG , 995 - York Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|''[[Dovedale in Derbyshire]]'' by [[Philip James de Loutherbourg]], 1784]]
The caves were used as shelters by hunters around 13,000 [[Common Era|BCE]], and Dovedale has seen continuous human activity since. Around 4,500 years ago [[Neolithic]] farmers used the caves as tombs. There is evidence from Reynard's Cave of [[Bronze Age]] activity, and artifacts found there are displayed at [[Buxton Museum and Art Gallery]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.thepeakdistrict.info/fast/html/archaeology_caves.html
|title=Archaeology_caves
|publisher=www.thepeakdistrict.info
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref>

[[Viking]]s settled in the area in the 9th century [[Common Era|CE]]. Local place names such as [[Thorpe, Derbyshire|Thorpe]] are of [[Scandinavia]]n origin.<ref>''Anglo-Saxon and Viking Derbyshire'', Richard Bunting, Wye Valley Press (April 1993), {{ISBN|0-946404-03-8}}</ref> These settlements became permanent, and Thorpe is mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/derbyshire3.html#thorpe
|title=The Domesday Book Online - Derbyshire S-Z
|publisher=www.domesdaybook.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-05
}}
</ref>

[[#Viator's Bridge|Viator's Bridge]], a [[packhorse]] bridge in Milldale, has been in use since the [[medieval]] period when silks and flax were transported from nearby [[Wetton, Staffordshire|Wetton]] and [[Alstonefield]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshireuk.net/milldale.html
|title=Milldale near Alstonefield in the Peak District National Park
|publisher=www.derbyshireuk.net
|access-date=2008-04-05
}}
</ref>

Tourism started in the 18th century, and Dovedale is now one of the most visited natural tourist sites in Britain.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

In July 2014 it was announced that a hoard of [[Late Iron Age]] and [[Roman Britain|Roman]] coins had been discovered in Reynard's Kitchen Cave.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-28201489 |title=Visit to site of ancient coin discovery in Derbyshire |work=BBC News |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> The 26 coins discovered, which have been declared as "treasure", included three Roman coins from before the [[Roman invasion of Britain]], and gold and silver pieces of Late Iron Age date, which are believed to have come from the [[Corieltavi]], a Celtic tribe based in the [[East Midlands]]. [[National Trust]] archaeologist Rachael Hall said: "The coins would suggest a serious amount of wealth and power of the individual who owned them."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-28189287 |title=Dovedale Roman and Iron Age coins found after 2,000 years |work=BBC News |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> The coins were scheduled to go on display at Buxton Museum in late 2014.{{Fix|text=Needs update}}

==River Dove ==
[[File:DovedaleClassicRiver.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.25|The Dove with a few walkers]]
The [[River Dove, Central England|River Dove]] is a famous trout stream, 45 miles in length.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ashbourne Dovedale and the Manifold Valley|publisher=Derbyshire Countryside Ltd.|year=1990|location=Derby|pages=24}}</ref> [[Charles Cotton]]'s Fishing House, the inspiration for [[Izaak Walton]]'s ''[[The Compleat Angler]]'',<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/philosopherdove.shtml
|title=The Philosopher, Fish and the Dove
|publisher=BBC Radio 4
|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> stands in the woods by the river. From [[Hartington, Derbyshire|Hartington]] to its [[confluence]] with the [[River Manifold]] at [[Ilam, Staffordshire|Ilam]] the River Dove flows through the scenic limestone valley known as Dove Valley,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk/Fact%20Sheets/fz8dov.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308044221/http://www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk/Fact%20sheets/fz8dov.htm |archive-date=8 March 2010 |title=Dovedale and the Dove Valley |publisher=peakdistrict-education.gov.uk |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> or Dovedale. From Hartington south to Ilam, a distance of {{convert|8|mi|km|spell=in}}, the Dove flows through Beresford Dale, Wolfscote Dale, Milldale, and then Dovedale.

==National Trust==

Much of the dale is in the ownership of the National Trust's [[South Peak Estate]]. Dovedale was acquired in 1934, with successive properties added until 1938, and Wolfscote Dale in 1948.
[[File:Dovedale, weir.jpg|thumb|Dovedale, weir downstream from Ilam Rock]]
Dovedale became a [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|national nature reserve]] in 2006 in recognition that it is "one of England's finest wildlife sites" with diverse plant life and interesting rock formations.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/press/news2006/131006.html
 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140605090108/http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/press/news2006/131006.html
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=5 June 2014
 |title=Natural England celebrates new National Nature Reserve 
 |publisher=Natural England 
 |access-date=15 June 2016 
}}
</ref>
The National Trust became embroiled in controversy in 2010, when in conjunction with Derbyshire County Council it oversaw the "renovation" of Dovedale's iconic stepping stones. It involved topping all but one of the stones with layers of mortar and limestone slabs.

==Thorpe Cloud==
At the southern end of Dovedale, at {{gbmapping|SK151510}} between the villages of [[Thorpe, Derbyshire|Thorpe]] and [[Ilam, Staffordshire|Ilam]], stands Thorpe Cloud, {{convert|942|ft|abbr=on}}, an isolated limestone hill known as a [[reef knoll]]. It provides a viewpoint north up the dale and south across the [[English Midlands|Midlands]] plain.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.cressbrook.co.uk/visits/dovedale.php
|title=Dovedale and Thorpe Cloud
|publisher=www.cressbrook.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> Its name "cloud" is a derivation of the [[Old English]] word ''clud'' which means "hill". On the opposite bank, at {{gbmapping|SK141516}}, is the higher but less isolated Bunster Hill, {{convert|1,079|ft|abbr=on}}, which is also a reef knoll. They were acquired by the National Trust in 1934 for the South Peak Estate.

==Milldale==
[[File:River Dove at Milldale.jpg|thumb|The River Dove at Milldale]]
Milldale is a village of stone cottages at the northern end of Dovedale and the main access point to the dale from the north.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.cressbrook.co.uk/towns/milldale.php
|title=Milldale – Peak District Towns and Villages 
|publisher=www.cressbrook.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-06
}}</ref> A corn mill stood here until the mid-19th century; its stables are now used as an information hut by the National Trust.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshireuk.net/milldale.html
|title=Milldale near Alstonefield in the Peak District National Park
|publisher=www.derbyshireuk.net
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}</ref>

===Viator's Bridge===
[[File:Viators Bridge, Milldale 206415 deb07465.jpg|left|thumb|Viator's Bridge with Milldale village in the background]]
The ancient, narrow [[packhorse bridge]] at Milldale originally had no side walls so that horses with [[panniers]] could cross the bridge without being impeded. [[Izaak Walton]], who refers to himself as "Viator", which is [[Latin]] for "traveller", wrote about it in ''[[The Compleat Angler]]'':<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/dovedale.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615160456/http://derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/dovedale.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=15 June 2006
|title=Discover Derbyshire and the Peak District
|publisher=www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|"What’s here, the sign of a bridge? Do you travel in wheelbarrows in this country? This bridge was made for nothing else – why a mouse can hardly go over it, tis not two fingers broad!"}}

From this the bridge acquired the name Viator's Bridge.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/viators-bridge-milldale/
|title=Viators Bridge - Milldale
|publisher=www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref>

The bridge has been in use since the [[medieval]] period, for packhorses transporting silks and flax from nearby [[Wetton, Staffordshire|Wetton]] and [[Alstonefield]]. It is listed as an [[ancient monument]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.peakdistrict.org/appendix8.htm
|title=Local Plan - Peak District National Park Authority
|publisher=www.peakdistrict.org
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref>
{{clear}}

==Limestone formations==
[[File:Ilam Rock, Dovedale.jpg|thumb|upright|Ilam Rock]]
Dovedale is notable for its numerous limestone formations. The most southerly named formation, Dovedale Castle, is a short distance along the river from the stepping stones at Thorpe Cloud. The limestone promontory called [[Lover's Leap]] is accessible from a set of steps. The steps were built by Italian [[prisoners of war]] captured in the [[Second World War]] and are now maintained by the National Trust and the national park authority.

At [[Lover's Leap]], a young woman who believed her lover had been killed in the [[Napoleonic Wars]] threw herself from the promontory. Her skirt caught in the branches of a tree as she fell and saved her life. When she got home, she heard her lover was alive. There are other similar legends about Lover's Leap, including one placing the story in [[World War II]].

Opposite Lover's Leap is a limestone formation called the Twelve Apostles. The rock spires have been created from hard reef limestone; they protrude from the valley side, and the river has eroded the rock and soil around them. The National Trust clears plant life to ensure the rock formations are visible.<ref name='nationaltrust' />
*
*Pickering Tor
*Tissington Spires
*Dovedale Church
*Reynard's Cave
*Lionshead Rock
*Ilam Rock
*Shepherd's Abbey
*Dove Holes

==Natural history==
[[File:Wolfescote Dale.JPG|thumb|right|Wolfscote Dale]]
Dovedale is of special [[ecological]] interest for its plant life, particularly the [[calcareous]] [[Ash tree|ash]] woods, which are considered among the best in England.<ref name='nationaltrust' /> There are unusual plants such as [[Polygonatum|Solomon's seal]], [[lily of the valley]], [[Paris quadrifolia|herb-paris]] and small and large-leaved [[Tilia|lime]] trees. Birds found here include [[common kingfisher]], [[grey heron]] and [[white-throated dipper|dipper]].

==Tourism==
[[Gentry]] comprised most of the visitors to Dovedale during the 18th and 19th centuries. From 1899 the [[Ashbourne Line|Ashbourne–Buxton railway line]] ran to [[Thorpe Cloud railway station|Thorpe Cloud station]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peak District|publisher=Ward, Lock & Co., Limited|year=1951|edition=2nd|location=London|pages=145}}</ref> above the village of Thorpe, making Dovedale more widely accessible to walkers and hikers of all social classes. Improvements in road transport facilitated travel to the area as well.

In 1931 [[Ramsay MacDonald]]'s [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government recommended creating a ‘National Park Authority’ to select natural areas for designation as national parks. Dovedale was one of the areas selected, and it was eventually included within the [[Peak District]] National Park when it became Britain's first [[National parks of England and Wales|National Park]] in 1951.

In July 1937, [[Staffordshire County Council]] converted the [[Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway]] into a tarmac path now known as [[Manifold Way]]. The Ashbourne–Buxton railway line closed in the mid-1960s and was converted into a track known as [[Tissington Trail]].

In a Peak District National Park survey conducted in 1986/87, more than a fifth of visitors said walking was their main reason for visiting. A footpath count on a Sunday in August 1990 recorded 4,421 walkers on the Staffordshire side of the river and 3,597 on the Derbyshire bank. Riverside paths make the valley accessible to walkers.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/dovedale.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615160456/http://derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/dovedale.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=15 June 2006
|title=Discover Derbyshire and the Peak District
|publisher=www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-05
}}
</ref>

==Literary and cultural associations==
[[File:Joseph Wright of Derby - Dovedale by Moonlight - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Dovedale by Moonlight'', a painting by [[Joseph Wright of Derby]], 1784.]]
[[Charles Cotton]]'s Fishing House, the inspiration for [[Izaak Walton]]'s ''[[The Compleat Angler]]'', stands in the woods by the River Dove.

[[Samuel Johnson]], [[Lord Tennyson]], [[John Ruskin]] and [[Lord Byron]] all praised Dovedale's scenery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highpeak.co.uk/hp/h_dovebd.htm|title=Dovedale - High Peak|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-date=23 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223130433/http://www.highpeak.co.uk/hp/h_dovebd.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>  The last wrote of Dovedale to the poet [[Thomas Moore]], "I can assure you there are things in Derbyshire as noble as Greece or Switzerland."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppFIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA110 |title=The Works of Lord Byron: In Verse and Prose. Including His Letters, Journals, Etc. With a Sketch of His Life |publisher=A.V. Blake |date=1844 |page=110 |access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>

[[Elizabeth Bennet]] and [[Mr Darcy]] talk about her travels in Derbyshire, including Dove Dale, after they meet unexpectedly at [[Pemberley]] in [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]''.

Dovedale was featured on the 2005 BBC TV programme ''[[Seven Natural Wonders]]'' as one of the wonders of the Midlands. The stepping stones across the river figure prominently in Jorge Grau's 1974 film ''[[The Living Dead at the Manchester Morgue]]''. The area along the river was used in [[Franco Zeffirelli]]'s 1996 version and the BBC's 2006 version of ''[[Jane Eyre]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.derbyshireuk.net/jane_eyre.html|title=Jane Eyre|access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> and Dovedale also featured in the 2008 film ''[[The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)|The Other Boleyn Girl]]''.<ref name="boleyn">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitpeakdistrict.com/see-and-do/film-and-tv.aspx |title=Visit Peak District Film Locations |publisher=visitpeakdistrict.com |access-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> The [[Ridley Scott]] film ''[[Robin Hood (2010 film)|Robin Hood]]'' also used Dovedale as a location, and it can be clearly seen in several scenes towards the end of the movie.

==Dovedale Dash==
{{Main|Dovedale Dash}}
The Dovedale Dash is an annual {{convert|4+3/4|mi|km|adj=on}} [[cross-country running|cross-country]] race along the banks of the [[River Dove, Derbyshire|River Dove]], along Dovedale, and between the villages of [[Ilam, Staffordshire|Ilam]] and Thorpe.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.dovedaledash.co.uk/
|title=Dovedale Dash 2006
|publisher=www.dovedaledash.co.uk
|access-date=2008-04-04
}}
</ref> First organised in 1953, the race takes place on the first Sunday of November, although previously it was held on the closest Sunday to [[Guy Fawkes Night]]. The race has been cancelled on five occasions, most recently in 1998, 2000 and 2004, as a result of bad weather, and in 2020 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*''Anglo-Saxon and Viking Derbyshire'', Richard Bunting, Wye Valley Press (April 1993), {{ISBN|0-946404-03-8}}
*''Dovedale Guide'', Keith H. Mantell, Derbyshire Countryside Ltd; (February 1991), {{ISBN|0-85100-095-9}}
*''Dovedale and the Manifold Valley'', Brian Spencer and Lindsey Porter, Moorland Publishing (May 1975), {{ISBN|0-903485-14-1}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Peaks of the Peak District}}
{{Derbyshire Places of interest}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Valleys of the Peak District]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions of the Peak District]]
[[Category:Valleys of Derbyshire]]