View source for Douglas T2D

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{{Infobox aircraft
|name = T2D
|image = Douglas T2D.jpg
|caption = Douglas T2D-1 of VP-1
|type = [[Torpedo bomber]]
|manufacturer = [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]
|designer = 
|first_flight = 27 January [[1927 in aviation|1927]]
|introduction = 1927
|retired = 1937
|status =
|primary_user = [[United States Navy]]
|more_users = 
|produced = 
|number_built = 31
|unit cost = 
|variants = 
}}

The '''Douglas T2D''' was an American twin-engined [[torpedo bomber]] contracted by the military, and required to be usable on wheels or floats, and operating from [[aircraft carrier]]s. It was the first twin-engined aircraft to be operated from an aircraft carrier.<ref name="US Navy 1911"/>

==Development and design==
In 1925, the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Bureau of Aeronautics]] designed a twin-engined [[torpedo bomber]] aircraft, intended to have greater performance than contemporary single-engined aircraft.<ref name="US Navy 1911">{{cite book|last=Swanborough|first=Gordon|author2=Bowers, Peter M.|title =United States Navy Aircraft since 1911|edition=Second|year=1976|publisher=Putnam|location= London|pages=161–162|isbn=0-370-10054-9}}</ref> A single prototype was built by the [[Naval Aircraft Factory]] as the '''XTN-1''', which was quickly followed by three identical aircraft built by [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]], the '''T2D-1'''.

The XTN/T2D was a large two bay [[biplane]], capable of easy conversion between floats and wheels, and carrying a crew of four.

==Operational history==
The first three T2D-1's were delivered to the torpedo bomber squadron [[VT-2]] on 25 May 1927,<ref name="US Navy 1911"/> being used for successful trials aboard the aircraft carrier {{USS|Langley|CV-1|2}}. A further nine T2D-1's were ordered in 1927, these normally being operated as floatplanes, partly owing to criticism from the [[United States Army Air Corps|Army]] of the Navy operating large land-based bombers,<ref name="US Navy 1911"/> and partly as its large size prevented ''Langley'' from embarking a full airwing.<ref name="Donald world">{{cite book |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=The complete encyclopedia of world aircraft |date=1997 |publisher=Barnes & Noble Books |location=New York, NY |isbn=9780760705926 |edition=Reprinted}}</ref>

A further 18 aircraft were ordered in June 1930 as patrol [[floatplane]]s, being designated '''P2D-1'''. These were operated by Patrol Squadron [[VP-3]] in the [[Panama Canal Zone]] until they were replaced by [[Consolidated PBY Catalina|Consolidated PBY]]s in 1937.<ref name="US Navy 1911"/>

==Variants==
[[File:U.S. Navy XTN-1 prototype.jpg|thumb|XTN-1 Prototype]]

;XTN-1
:Original prototype built by Naval Aircraft Factory. One built.
;T2D-1
:Production aircraft, convertible torpedo bomber/patrol floatplane, powered by [[Wright R-1750 Cyclone]]s. 12 built.
;P2D-1
:Dedicated patrol floatplane. Fitted with twin tail for improved engine out performance and powered by two [[Wright R-1820 Cyclone]]s. 18 built.

==Operators==
;{{USA}}
*[[United States Navy]]

==Specifications (T2D-1 landplane / floatplane)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I<ref name="Francillon">{{cite book |last1=Francillon |first1=René J. |title=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I |date=1988 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=London |isbn=0870214284 |pages=91–97}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=4
|length ft=42
|length in=
|length note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|44|ft|4|in}} (floatplane)
|span ft=57
|span in=
|span note=
|height ft=15
|height in=11
|height note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|44|ft|4|in}} (floatplane)
|wing area sqft=886
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight lb=6011
|empty weight note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|6528|lb}} (floatplane)
|gross weight lb=9986
|gross weight note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|10503|lb}} (floatplane)
|max takeoff weight lb=10523
|max takeoff weight note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|11040|lb}} (floatplane)
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-1750 Cyclone]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines
|eng1 hp=525

|prop blade number=3
|prop name=fixed-pitch metal propellers
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=125
|max speed note=at sea level (landplane)
:::{{cvt|124|mph|kn km/h}} at sea level (floatplane)
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=457
|range note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|384|mi|nmi km}} (floatplane)
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=454
|ferry range note= (floatplane)
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=13830
|ceiling note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|11400|ft}} (floatplane)
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|5000|ft}} in 5 minutes 54 seconds (landplane)
:::{{cvt|5000|ft}} in 7 minutes 42 seconds (floatplane)
|wing loading lb/sqft=11.4
|wing loading note=(landplane)
:::{{cvt|11.9|lb/sqft}} (floatplane)
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.105|hp/lb|kW/kg}} (landplane)
:::{{cvt|0.1|hp/lb|kW/kg}} (floatplane)
|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= *2 × {{convert|.30|in|mm|2|abbr=on}} [[M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919 Browning]] [[machine gun]]s
|bombs= *1 ×{{convert|1618|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]] ''or'' equivalent bombload
|avionics=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808003630/http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/t2d-1.htm Boeing page for Douglas T2D]

{{Douglas aircraft}}
{{USN patrol aircraft}}
{{USN torpedo aircraft}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Douglas T2d}}
[[Category:Douglas aircraft|T2D]]
[[Category:1920s United States bomber aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1927]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Floatplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]