View source for Doug E. Fresh

{{Short description|Barbadian-American rapper (born 1966)}}
{{for|the basketball players with this nickname|Gerald Wilkins|Doug McDermott}}
{{distinguish|Doug E. Doug}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Doug E. Fresh
| image             = Doug E. Fresh performing in 2010.jpg
| caption           = Fresh performing in Brooklyn, 2010
| image_size        = 200px
| birth_name        = Douglas Davis
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1966|9|17}}
| birth_place       = [[Bridgetown, Barbados]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2004|page=[https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/n269 256]|url=https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac|url-access=registration|author1=Brackett, Nathan  |author2=Hoard, Christian|isbn=0-7432-0169-8}}</ref>
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| origin            = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], U.S.
| instrument        = 
| genre             = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
| occupation        = {{hlist|[[Rapping|Rapper]]|[[record producer]]|[[beatboxer]]}}
| years_active      = 1983–present
| label             = {{hlist|Reality|[[Fantasy Records|Fantasy]]|Bust It|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[Gee Street Records|Gee Street]]}}
| associated_acts   = [[Slick Rick]], [[Vicious (rapper)|Vicious]], [[MC Hammer]], [[Teddy Riley]], [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]
}}
'''Douglas Davis''' (born September 17, 1966), known professionally as '''Doug E. Fresh''', is a Barbadian-born American rapper, record producer, and [[beatboxing|beatboxer]], also known as the '''"Human Beat Box"'''. The pioneer of 20th-century American [[beatboxing]], Fresh is able to accurately imitate [[drum machine]]s and various [[special effect]]s using only his [[human mouth|mouth]], [[lip]]s, [[gums]], [[throat]], [[tongue]] and a [[microphone]].

In the early 1980s he formed the Lover Boy Crew with DJs Chill Will and Barry B and later added rapper [[Slick Rick]].  Two of their songs "[[The Show (Doug E. Fresh song)|The Show]]" and "[[La Di Da Di]]" are considered early [[hip hop music|hip hop]] classics.  "La Di Da Di", in particular, is one of the most [[Sampling (music)|sampled]] songs in music history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-la-di-da-di-a-b-side-from-1985-became-one-of-musics-most-sampled-songs-11558522800 |title=How 'La Di Da Di,' a B-Side From 1985, Became One of Music's Most-Sampled Songs |work=The Wall Street Journal |first=Michael |last=Driscoll |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Doug E. Fresh was born in [[Barbados]] with other family roots in [[Trinidad and Tobago]] as well. Fresh's grandfather, who came to [[Harlem, New York|Harlem]], raised him alongside his father. Fresh went to school with a music program, where he played the drums, percussion and the trumpet. The school then cut the music department's budget and Fresh had to return the trumpet.<ref name = 'wpost' />

Fresh became acquainted with rapping from his brother bringing tapes of [[Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five]] and [[DJ Hollywood]] into the house. Locally on the neighbourhood block there was a group called D & D Express with one of the members known as Teddy D, Teddy's nephews were making hip hop in the basement of a store playing on a turntable and experimenting with the echo chamber. It was there that Fresh would join in on the mic and start to rap. While in school he would write rhymes for poetry, as he was a big of fan of [[Langston Hughes]], where he also won the local Langston Hughes award. During this time several local groups popped up including ''Ray Von and Johnny Wa'', ''Harlem World'', ''Celebrity Club'', and ''Randy’s Place'', the groups would throw parties in cafeterias of surrounding elementary and high schools in which Fresh would attend the parties. In Fresh's personal crew he had Damon and James who were cousins, as a group they were big fans of [[The Cold Crush Brothers]] so they named themselves the ''Cold Cash Crew''. At this time Fresh went by several names including ''Dougie Doug'', ''Dougie D'', ''Law-D'', ''Dougie Doug the Prince of Love'', and ''Christian D and the Criss Cross Crew''. The name Doug E. Fresh came from someone at school doing an art piece of his name on the wall and he told them to list him as ''Dougie’s Fresh'' but the person incorrectly spelled it out as "Doug E. Fresh" instead. With his new name he would go to other schools and rap battle.<ref name= 'fatlace'>{{cite web | url=http://fatlacemagazine.com/2008/10/doug-e-fresh-interview/ | title=Fat Lace Magazine » Doug e. Fresh Interview }}</ref>

As for beatboxing, walking home after school every day Fresh would pass by the mom and pop record shop owned by [[Bobby Robinson (record producer)|Bobby Robinson]] where records would play outside of the store to passersby. He would hear records from artists like [[Grandmaster Flash]], [[Spoonie Gee]], [[Funky 4 + 1]], and practice humming along to the bass-lines of the songs. One day outside listening to records, Fresh would try beatboxing in between records to which his friends reacted enthusiastically.<ref name= 'fatlace' /> Word of Fresh's skills spread further at a party in a park in the ''Lincoln Projects'' in [[East Harlem]], where he rapped and beatboxed live.<ref name = 'wpost'>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/qanda-with-doug-e-fresh-how-the-rapper-and-producer-became-the-human-beat-box/2020/07/16/c90e7a4c-c60e-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html |title=Q&A with Doug E. Fresh: How the rapper and producer became the Human Beat Box |date=2020-07-17 |author1=Geoff Edgers |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409}}</ref>  Another event came soon after where [[Kurtis Blow]], who produced for [[The Fat Boys]], lacked turntables and needed instrumentals to perform over so he recruited Fresh to beatbox.<ref name= 'fatlace' />

==Music career==
Fresh began his recording career as a solo [[artist]]; he was among the last artists on [[Enjoy Records]] and one of the first on Vintertainment Records (the same New York–based label owned by Vincent Davis that would later make a name for hip-hop artist Joeski Love and bring [[R&B]] singer [[Keith Sweat]] to ultimate fame). He and a new team of DJs known as the Get Fresh Crew (Barry Bee and Chill Will), along with newcomer MC Ricky D (who would later achieve fame as [[Slick Rick]]), came to fledgling New Jersey–based hip-hop label [[Fantasy Records|Danya/Reality Records]] the following year and recorded "[[The Show (Doug E. Fresh song)|The Show]]", which borrowed the melody of the ''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]'' theme by [[Shuki Levy]].<ref>Blow Your Mind Wide Open, Charles Mudede, ''[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]'', August 28, 2003.</ref> They also recorded "[[La Di Da Di]]", a tune that was completely voiced by MC Ricky D and backed by Doug E. Fresh's beatboxing for the entire duration of the song. The release of these two songs as a 12" single launched Doug E. Fresh (and Slick Rick) into stardom. Both songs are considered among the greatest early [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] classics. "The Show" peaked at #7 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] in December 1985.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= [[British Hit Singles & Albums]]
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 215}}</ref>

Doug E. Fresh was interviewed in the 1986 Dutch documentary ''[[Big Fun in the Big Town]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2323202/|title=Big Fun in the Big Town|website=IMDb.com|access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref> Slick Rick left the group almost a year after the release of "The Show"/"La Di Da Di" single, reappearing in 1988 as a [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] artist and releasing his debut album, ''[[The Great Adventures of Slick Rick]]''. Doug E. Fresh and the Get Fresh Crew continued on, now officially signed to Danya/Reality/Fantasy, by releasing ''[[Oh, My God! (Doug E. Fresh album)|Oh, My God!]]'' in 1986, which included the hit song "All the Way to Heaven". In 1988, ''[[The World's Greatest Entertainer]]'' was released, featuring the song "Keep Risin' to the Top", which was named after [[Keni Burke]]'s then-obscure 1981 hit "Rising to the Top" (which has since become Burke's signature song). Doug E. Fresh's "Keep Risin' to the Top" also samples the main chorus of [[Heatwave (band)|Heatwave's]] 1976 classic "Ain't No Half Steppin'," which [[Big Daddy Kane]] also sampled that same year for his song of the same name.

In 1992, after a four-year hiatus, Fresh joined [[MC Hammer]]'s label [[Bust It Records]] and issued the album ''[[Doin' What I Gotta Do]]'', a commercial failure despite some minor acclaim for the single "Bustin' Out (On Funk)", which sampled [[Rick James]]'s 1979 single "Bustin' Out".

In 1993, Fresh found a new home at [[Island Records]]-affiliated label [[Gee Street Records|Gee Street]]. However, he only released one single containing three songs: "I-ight (Alright)" (the main track), "Bounce" and "Freaks". Although "I-ight" (which originated the now-famous club chant "Heyyyyyy, YO!... I-iiiiight?") was slated to become the first major hit for Doug E. Fresh in five years, it was almost immediately overshadowed by "Freaks", a [[dancehall]] tune beatboxed entirely by Doug E. Fresh and vocalized mainly by his protégé, a Brooklyn-born Jamaican teenage newcomer named [[Vicious (rapper)|Vicious]]. The song received major radio and club play, followed by video play in early 1994. Vicious would soon ink a deal with [[Sony Music]]'s [[Epic Records]] for three years, although he would only release one album, ''[[Destination Brooklyn]]''.

In 1995, Slick Rick and Doug E. Fresh reunited for a track on an album titled ''[[Play (Doug E. Fresh album)|Play]]'', which received positive reviews; Bret Love wrote, "A welcome flashback to the days when guns, drugs, sex, and violence were not the genre's primary lyrical focus."<ref>{{cite web|first=Bret |last=Love |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/play-mw0000175377 |title=Play - Doug E. Fresh &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2014-07-17}}</ref> Also on the ''[[Play (Doug E. Fresh album)|Play]]'' album was "Freak It Out", which featured [[Uncle Luke]], was produced by platinum producer [[Frankie Cutlass]] and appeared on the ''[[Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood]]'' soundtrack. ''Play'' was certified gold by the [[RIAA]].

===Post Play (since 2007)===
On May 23, 2007, he performed variations on "The Show" with finalist [[Blake Lewis]] on the [[American Idol (season 6)|sixth-season]] finale of ''[[American Idol]]'', the first ever hip-hop performance on the show.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDg16PPko0  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/zeDg16PPko0| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Blake Lewis & Doug E. Fresh on American Idol Season 6 Finale |publisher=YouTube |date=2007-05-26 |access-date=2014-07-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2010, Fresh resurfaced when rap group [[Cali Swag District]] brought back some of his trademark dance moves for their song "[[Teach Me How to Dougie]]." Members of Cali Swag District saw [[Texas]] college students doing a local dance created in [[Dallas]] called the "D-Town Boogie".  They recognized it as a modified version of Fresh's dance moves and created a song that would feature the dance and would also give Fresh his due credit.

On June 27, 2010,  Fresh performed with Cali Swag District on "Teach Me How to Dougie" at the [[BET Awards]] pre-show. He also performed a concert called "The Show" at the Paradise Theater on August 12, 2010. On November 8, 2010, Fresh appeared at the [[Soul Train Awards]], where he taught CNN anchor [[Wolf Blitzer]] how to [[Dougie]] on stage as part of the show. On December 10, 2010, Fresh appeared on ''[[ESPN First Take]]'' to speak about the phenomenon of the Dougie as a sports celebration and voted on the best sports-related Dougie dances, selecting that of host [[Skip Bayless]], though he rated Wolf Blitzer's Dougie at the Soul Train Awards as better but with no sports association.

On October 28, 2011, Fresh performed at the Paradise Theater in a concert to benefit New York City's public hospitals; the show was part of "STAT! for NYC's Public Hospitals" to raise funds to reduce gun violence. On July 9, 2012, Fresh served as a celebrity judge on the Apollo Live TV show. Beginning May 25, 2013, Fresh hosted a classic hip-hop and R&B show called "The Show" on New York's 107.5 [[WBLS]], which aired 9:00-11:00&nbsp;p.m. Saturday nights until the final broadcast on December 31, 2016.

Fresh served as a guest mentor to [[Jeff Dye]] and [[Joe Jonas]], and performed with them, on the show ''[[I Can Do That (American TV series)|I Can Do That]]'' on June 30, 2015.

Fresh was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CinRuMLrTTl/|title=American Beatbox on Instagram: "It's Virgo season! This week we're celebrating two of our favorite Virgos ♍ Today is Doug E Fresh's birthday and Kid Lucky would have turned 50 this past Thursday, September 15th 🕊 Both of these legends have received our Lifetime Achievement Award for their instrumental role in paving the way for beatboxing today 🏆 To celebrate these pioneers, please take a moment to check out @thehiphopalliance - a strategic partnership founded by @therealdougefresh Chuck D and Kurtis Blow. The Hip Hop Alliance strives to improve the working lives of creators through representing the needs and concerns of the hip-hop and R&B workforce through advocacy, information, and service. You can learn more and help the cause at www.hiphopalliance.org 📸 @realjakerich #dougefresh #kidlucky #virgo #hiphop #beatbox"|website=Instagram}}</ref> at 2019 American Beatbox Championships for his achievements in the music industry, as well as his role as a leading figure in the world of beatboxing. Prior to receiving the award, Fresh presented the Lifetime Achievement Award to [[Rahzel]] in 2017.

On September 24, 2021, he released his first full-length album since 1995, titled ''This One's for Chuck Brown: Doug E. Fresh Salutes The Godfather of Go-Go''.

He cameoed in the 2023 film ''[[World's Best (film)|World's Best]]''.

On September 27, 2024, he was featured on Southern Soul Hip Hop pioneer Joe-Nice's single "Southern Soul Party," alongside Nelson Curry.

==Personal life==
Fresh is a member of the [[Church of Scientology]]. He performed for a large audience at the Scientology Celebrity Center's Anniversary Gala in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scientology.cc/en_US/news/2004/lw0804/index.html |title=Scientology Celebrity Centre International |publisher=Scientology.cc |access-date=2014-07-17 |archive-date=2009-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529231519/http://www.scientology.cc/en_US/news/2004/lw0804/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also performed two tracks on the Scientology music album ''The Joy of Creating'' (other artists appearing included [[Isaac Hayes]], [[Chick Corea]], [[Edgar Winter]] and [[Carl Anderson (singer)|Carl Anderson]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joyofcreating.org/mac/lyrics/index.htm |title=Music CD: Rhythm and Blues with a Bright Smile - the Joy of Creating |access-date=2007-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929111556/http://www.joyofcreating.org/mac/lyrics/index.htm |archive-date=2006-09-29 }}</ref>

In April 2007, a storefront for Doug E.'s Chicken and Waffles appeared at the corner of 132nd Street and [[Adam Clayton Powell Jr.|Adam Clayton Powell]] Boulevard in Harlem. Work continued on the location for over three years until the eatery finally opened its doors in November 2010. The inspiration to open came from [[Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem|Sylvia's]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/memories-of-sylvias/ | title=Memories of Sylvia's, 'the Mecca of Soul Food' |website=Archive.nytimes.com| date=24 July 2012 }}</ref> The location  closed permanently in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesource.com/2020/04/20/doug-e-fresh-cooking/ | title=Doug e. Fresh Shows off His Cooking Skills: Doug e. Chef! |website=Thesource.com| date=20 April 2020 }}</ref> In 2013, he had plans of opening a second restaurant.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.grubstreet.com/2013/01/doug-e-fresh-opening-second-restaurant.html | title=Doug e. Fresh is Opening Another Restaurant|website=Grubstreet.com | date=9 January 2013}}</ref> Fresh has stated he has a club called Fresh.<ref>{{cite web|last=Reid |first=Shaheem |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643182/20100707/doug_e_fresh.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711010803/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643182/20100707/doug_e_fresh.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 11, 2010 |title=Doug E. Fresh Talks 'Teach Me How To Dougie,' Pharrell Collabo - Music, Celebrity, Artist News |publisher=MTV |date=2010-07-08 |access-date=2012-04-03}}</ref>

In 2008 Fresh dealt with foreclosure with $3.5 million in unpaid mortgages on 3 homes, several thousands in credit card debt, and a tax lien issued from the IRS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/the-home-front/2008/12/15/doug-e-fresh-rapper-facing-foreclosure |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-07-05 |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191527/https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/the-home-front/2008/12/15/doug-e-fresh-rapper-facing-foreclosure |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/foreclosee/doug-e-fresh | title=Famous Foreclosee #8 Doug e. Fresh | website=[[Business Insider]] }}</ref>

Fresh has a foundation called Hip Hop Public Health and has been the spokesperson for the Hip Hop Public Health Education Center at Harlem Hospital Center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiphoppublichealth.org/hiphopleadership.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628131726/http://hiphoppublichealth.org/hiphopleadership.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 28, 2010|title=Hip Hop Health Education Center|date=June 28, 2010|access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hhph.org/ |title=Home |website=Hhph.org}}</ref>

Fresh has six sons and manages Square Off, the hip-hop group of his sons Dayquan "Slim" Davis and Solomon "Trips" Davis. Square Off released their debut CD entitled ''Money, Moet & Memories'' in June 2011. The digital-only release was orchestrated completely by the brothers with little assistance from their father. "When he is involved in something, that's us coming to him...mainly everything we do is our concepts, our own direction," Slim said to the ''New York Daily News''.

== Discography ==
{{Main|Doug E. Fresh discography}}

=== Studio albums ===
* ''[[Oh, My God! (Doug E. Fresh album)|Oh, My God!]]'' (1986)
* ''[[The World's Greatest Entertainer]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Doin' What I Gotta Do]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Play (Doug E. Fresh album)|Play]]'' (1995)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Doug E. Fresh}}
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p77865}}
*{{IMDb name|0294366}}

{{Doug E. Fresh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fresh, Doug E.}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American male rappers]]
[[Category:Barbadian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American beatboxers]]
[[Category:American Scientologists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:Fantasy Records artists]]
[[Category:Gee Street Records artists]]
[[Category:People from Christ Church, Barbados]]
[[Category:Barbadian Scientologists]]
[[Category:Rappers from Manhattan]]
[[Category:People from Harlem]]
[[Category:East Coast hip-hop musicians]]
[[Category:American hip-hop record producers]]
[[Category:21st-century American rappers]]
[[Category:Record producers from New York (state)]]
[[Category:21st-century American male musicians]]