View source for Donetsk

{{Short description|City and administrative center of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{about|the city in Ukraine|the city in Russia|Donetsk, Rostov Oblast|other uses}}
{{Redirect|Stalino}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Donetsk
| native_name        = {{native name|uk|Донецьк}}<br/>{{native name|ru|Донецк}}
| translit_lang1     = [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Romanization of Ukrainian|Romanization]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = Donetsk
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|Scholarly]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = Donećk
| settlement_type    = [[City status in Ukraine|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
 | photo1a = Самый большой храм Донецка. - panoramio.jpg|px300{{!}}
 | photo2a = Донбас палас.jpg{{!}}
 | photo2b = Площадь Ленина 052.jpg{{!}}
 | photo3a = Памятник Ленину (пл. им. Ленина, Донецк).jpg{{!}}
 | photo3b = Театр оперы и балета им. Анатолия Соловьяненко, Донецк-2017 г.jpg{{!}}
 | photo4a = Bridge on Ilicha Prospect in Donetsk, 2008.jpg{{!}}
 | photo4b =
 | photo5a =
 | photo5b =
 | color = white
 | color_border = white
 | position = center
 | spacing = 2
 | size = 266
 | foot_montage =
 }}
| image_caption      = '''Left to right from top''': [[Transfiguration Cathedral, Donetsk|Transfiguration Cathedral]] (big image); [[Donbass Palace]]; [[Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre|Drama Theatre]]; Lenin Square; [[Donetsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after A. Solovyanenko|Opera Theatre]]; and bridge on Ilicha Prospect
| image_flag         = Flag of Donetsk.svg
| image_shield       = Greater Coat of Arms of Donetsk (1995).svg
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Donetsk Oblast#Ukraine#Europe
| coordinates        = {{Wikidatacoord|Q43070|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Ukraine]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Donetsk Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Donetsk Raion]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Donetsk urban hromada]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1869{{ref|1}}
| established_title2 = City rights
| established_date2  = 1917
| parts_type         = [[#Government and administrative divisions|Districts]]
| parts_style        = list
| parts              = List of 9
| p1                 = [[Budionnivskyi District, Donetsk|Budionnivskyi District]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Donetsk|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Alexey Kulemzin]]
| leader_party       = installed by Russia; [[United Russia]]
| area_total_km2     = 358
| area_metro_km2     = 2895
| elevation_m        = 169
|population_rank=[[List_of_cities_in_Ukraine|5th]] in Ukraine
| population_total   = 901645
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 1,560,000
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 83000–83497
| area_code          = +380 622, 623{{force singular}}
| website            = {{URL|https://donetsk.gosuslugi.ru/}} (Russian city occupational administration)
| footnotes          = {{note|1}}Donetsk was founded in 1869 as a workers' settlement ''Yuzovka''/''Yuzivka'' around the metallurgical factory of the Welshman John Hughes. The settlement was established in lands of Yevdokim Shydlovsky, who received them upon destruction of the [[Zaporizhian Sich]] in 1775.<br />{{note|2}}The population of the metropolitan area is from 2004.
| p2                 = [[Voroshylovskyi District, Donetsk|Voroshylovskyi District]]
| p3                 = [[Kalininskyi District, Donetsk|Kalininskyi District]]
| p4                 = [[Kyivskyi District, Donetsk|Kyivskyi District]]
| p5                 = [[Kirovskyi District, Donetsk|Kirovskyi District]]
| p6                 = [[Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk|Kuibyshevskyi District]]
| p7                 = [[Leninskyi District, Donetsk|Leninskyi District]]
| p8                 = [[Petrovskyi District]]
| p9                 = [[Proletarskyi District, Donetsk|Proletarskyi District]]
| timezone           = EET
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = EEST
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| blank_name         = [[Licence plate]]
| blank_info         = АН
| blank1_name        = [[Town twinning|Sister cities]]
| blank1_info        = [[Bochum]], [[Charleroi]], [[Kutaisi]], [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Sheffield]], [[Taranto]], [[Moscow]], [[Vilnius]]
| blank2_name        = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank2_info        = [[Cool-summer humid continental climate|Dfb]]
| population_demonym = Donechchany ({{langx|uk|Донечча́ни}}) or Donchane ({{langx|ru|Донча́не}})
| pushpin_relief     = y
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}

'''Donetsk''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|d|ɒ|n|ˈ|j|ɛ|t|s|k}} {{respell|don|YETSK}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Donetsk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203233626/https://www.lexico.com/definition/donetsk |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2020 |title=Donetsk |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|d|ə|n|-}} {{respell|dən|-}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Donetsk |access-date=5 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Donetsk|access-date=5 September 2019 }}</ref> {{langx|uk|Донецьк}} {{IPA|uk|doˈnɛtsʲk||uk-Донецьк.ogg}}; {{langx|ru|Донецк}} {{IPA|ru|dɐˈnʲetsk||ru-Донецк.ogg}}), formerly known as '''Aleksandrovka''', '''Yuzivka''' (or '''Hughesovka'''), '''Stalin''', and '''Stalino''', is an industrial city in eastern [[Ukraine]] located on the [[Kalmius]] River in [[Donetsk Oblast]], which is currently occupied by [[Russia]] as the capital of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]]. The population was estimated at {{Ua-pop-est2022|901645}} in the city core, with over 2 million in the [[metropolitan area]] (2011). According to the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 census]], Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.<ref name="ukrcensus1">{{cite web |title=Results / General results of the census / Number of cities |work=[[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 Ukrainian Census]] |url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ |access-date=28 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109012020/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ |archive-date=9 January 2006 }}</ref>

Administratively, Donetsk has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural [[Donbas|Donets Basin]] (''Donbas'') region. Donetsk is adjacent to another major city, [[Makiivka]], and along with other surrounding cities forms a major [[urban sprawl]] and [[conurbation]] in the region. Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of heavy industries and a skilled workforce. The density of heavy industries (predominantly steel production, chemical industry, and coal mining) determined the city's challenging ecological situation. In 2012, a UN report ranked Donetsk among the world's fastest depopulating cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/cities-that-are-shrinking-2012-10?r=US&IR=T |title=The 28 Fastest-Shrinking Cities In The World |first=Joshua |last=Berlinger |website=Business Insider }}</ref>

The original settlement in the south of the European part of the [[Russian Empire]] was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, during the reign of the Empress [[Catherine the Great]]. In 1869, the Welsh businessman [[John Hughes (businessman)|John Hughes]] founded a steel plant and several [[coal mining|coal mines]] in the region, and the town was named Hughesovka or Yuzovka (Юзовка) in recognition of his role ("Yuz" being a Russian-language approximation of ''Hughes''). During [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] times, the city's steel industry expanded. In 1924, Yuzovka was renamed Stalin. In 1929, Stalin was renamed Stalino, and in 1932, the city became the centre of the Donetsk region. Renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains a centre for [[coal mining]] and for the [[steel industry]].

Since April 2014, Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the ongoing [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], as pro-Russian separatist forces battle against Ukrainian military forces for control of the city and surrounding areas. Throughout the war, the city of Donetsk has been administered by the pro-Russian separatist forces as the center of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (DPR), with outlying territories of the Donetsk region divided between the two sides.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weaver |first1=Matthew |last2=Luhn |first2=Alec |date=13 February 2015 |title=Ukraine ceasefire deal agreed at Minsk talks |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212132817/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Donetsk International Airport]] became the epicenter of the war in 2014 with almost a year-long battle.

<!-- On 27 June 2014, the [[List of states with limited recognition| unrecognized nation]] of [[South Ossetia]] officially recognized the independence of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (DPR) from Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Tass |date=27 June 2014 |title=South Ossetia recognizes independence of Donetsk People's Republic |publisher=TASS |url=http://tass.com/world/738110 |access-date=12 December 2017 }}</ref>
 -->
{{As of|2022|October}}, Russia has full control of the city,<ref name="ISW">{{cite web |last1=Barros |first1=George |last2=Stepanenko |first2=Kateryna |last3=Bergeron |first3=Thomas |title=Interactive Map: Russia's Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375 |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |publisher=Institute for the Study of War and Critical Threats |access-date=1 October 2022 |language=en-us |date=30 September 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709205613/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375 |url-status=live }}</ref> with Ukrainian and Russian forces still in combat near the city.

{{TOC limit|3}}

== History ==

===Foundation===
One of the early mining settlements in the territory of Donetsk was {{ill|lt=Alexandrovka (Oleksandrivka)|Oleksandrivka, Donetsk|ru|Александровка (Донецк)|uk|Олександрівка (Донецьк)}}. The existence of Aleksandrovskaya (Oleksandrivska) Cossack ''[[sloboda (settlement)|sloboda]]'' in its place is attested by 1779,<ref>[https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/donbass-realii/30148510.html "Дату основания Донецка нужно вести минимум с 1779 года – историк"], ''[[Radio Liberty]]'' {{in lang|ru }}</ref> with the {{ill|Aleksandrovsky coal mine|lt=Aleksandrovsky (Oleksandrivska) coal mine|ru|Александровский рудник (Донецк)|uk|Олександрівська копальня (Юзівка)}} eventually being opened there.

The city of Donetsk was founded in 1869 by [[Wales|Welsh]] businessman [[John Hughes (businessman)|John Hughes]], who operated a steel plant and several coal mines at Aleksandrovka. The workers’ settlement at the plant merged with Aleksandrovka and the place was named Yuzovo/Yuzove, later Yuzovka/Yuzivka ({{langx|ru|Юзово, Юзовка}}, {{Langx|uk|Юзове, Юзівка}}), after Hughes.<ref>''Yuz'' is a Russian or Ukrainian approximation of Hughes</ref><ref>{{cite Efron|Юзово }}</ref> In its early period, it received immigrants from Wales, especially from the town of [[Merthyr Tydfil]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=11 June 2012 |title=Euro 2012: Donetsk's roots have more in common with Merthyr Tydfil than Moscow |publisher=Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/euro-2012/9323465/Euro-2012-Donetsks-roots-have-more-in-common-with-Merthyr-Tydfil-than-Moscow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/euro-2012/9323465/Euro-2012-Donetsks-roots-have-more-in-common-with-Merthyr-Tydfil-than-Moscow.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2014}}{{cbignore }}</ref><ref name="BBC220320">{{cite news |publisher=BBC News |title=Ukraine: Fear for Donetsk after eight-year war escalates |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-60738988 |date=20 March 2022 |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319160819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-60738988 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the beginning of the 20th century, Yuzovka had approximately 50,000 inhabitants,<ref>The population included mostly migrants from neighbouring Russian territories</ref> and attained the status of a city in 1917.<ref name="mayor">{{cite web |date=19 November 2004 |title=From the history of the city |url=http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1&lang=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050521150625/http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1&lang=en |archive-date=21 May 2005 |website=Official site of the Head of Donetsk City }}</ref> The main district of Yuzovka is named English Colony, and the British origin of the city is reflected in its layout and architecture.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

===Soviet Union===
[[File:День Победы в Донецке, 2010 036.JPG|thumb|A Monument for the Liberators of Donbas, dedicated to the soldiers who liberated [[Donbas]] from Nazism during [[Eastern Front (World War II)|World War II]]]]
When the [[Russian Civil War]] broke out, Yuzivka became a part of [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] as per the [[Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council|Third Universal]]. It became a part of [[Administrative division of Ukraine (1918)|Cuman Zemlia]], the administrative center of which was [[Bakhmut]]. During the First [[Ukrainian–Soviet War]], Yuzivka was captured by the Bolshevik forces on 5 January 1918, but then recaptured by Ukraine in April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |title= |script-title=uk:30 квітня – 105 років з дня звільнення Донбасу від більшовиків |trans-title=April 30 – 105 years since the liberation of Donbas from the Bolsheviks |url=https://dn.gov.ua/news/30-kvitnya-105-rokiv-z-dnya-zvilnennya-donbasu-vid-bilshovikiv |website=Donetsk Oblast state administration |language=uk |access-date=15 February 2024 |archive-date=15 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215084514/https://dn.gov.ua/news/30-kvitnya-105-rokiv-z-dnya-zvilnennya-donbasu-vid-bilshovikiv |url-status=live }}</ref> Soviet forces captured Yuzivka again during the Second Ukrainian–Soviet War. Donetsk became a part of [[Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic|Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic]] from its declaration of independence on 12 February 1918. The Republic was disbanded at the [[Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets|2nd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets]] on 20 March 1918, when the independence of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Republic]] was declared. It failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the [[Russian SFSR]], and was abolished under the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]].

In 1924, under [[History of the Soviet Union|Soviet rule]], the city's name was changed to Stalin. In that year, the city's population totaled 63,708, and in the next year, 80,085. In 1929–31 the city's name was changed to Stalino.<ref name="alldonetsk.info">http://alldonetsk.info/en/history-city-donetsk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183935/http://alldonetsk.info/en/history-city-donetsk |date=21 July 2011 }} The history of the city of Donetsk</ref> The city did not have a drinking water system until 1931, when a {{cvt|55.3|km|1}} system was laid underground. In July 1933, the city became the administrative center of the [[Donetsk Oblast]] of the [[Ukrainian SSR]].<ref name="lukianchenko">{{cite web |date=31 August 2004  |script-title=ru:Из истории города |language=ru |trans-title=From the history of the city |work=Official site of the Head of Donetsk City |url=http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1 |access-date=7 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127190501/http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1 |archive-date=27 January 2007 }}</ref> In 1933, the first {{cvt|12|km|0}} sewer system was installed, and the use of gas began the next year. Some sources{{Which|date=March 2012}} state that the city was briefly called Trotsk—after [[Leon Trotsky]]—for a few months in late 1923.

At the start of [[World War II]], the population of Stalino was 507,000. After the war, the population was 175,000. The [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion]] by [[Nazi Germany]] almost completely destroyed the city. It was occupied by German and Italian forces as part of the [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine]] between 16 October 1941 and 5 September 1943. It was mostly rebuilt on a large scale after the war.

In 1945, young men and women aged 17 to 35, from the [[Danube Swabians|Danube Swabian ''(Schwowe)'']] communities of [[Yugoslavia]], [[Hungary]] and [[Romania]] (the [[Batschka]] and [[Banat]]), were forcibly sent to Russia as Allied "war reparations", being put to work as slave labour to rebuild Stalino and to work in its mines. The conditions were so poor that many died from disease and malnutrition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Das politische Bewusstsein |url=http://www.hog-kernei.de/PDF/Internierung%20und%20Vertreibung.pdf |access-date=26 March 2013 }}</ref>

During [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s second wave of [[destalinization]] in November 1961, the city was renamed Donetsk, after the [[Seversky Donets]] River, a tributary of the [[Don (Russia)|Don]]<ref name="lukianchenko" /> in order to distance it from the former leader [[Joseph Stalin]].

In 1965, the Donetsk Academy of Sciences was established as part of the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine|Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR]].

<gallery class="center">
File:Школа детей английской администрации ЮМЗ 004.jpg|This building was formerly an English-speaking school for the British in Yuzovka.
File:1887. Новый свет. Базар.jpg|A market on the main street of ''Novyi Svet'' section of Yuzovka (1887)
File:Stadtplan Stalino LOC 2012593213.jpg|A German map of the city in 1943. Note that all the streets have been given German names.
</gallery>

===Independent Ukraine===
After the [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|declaration of independence]] made by the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian parliament]] on 24 August 1991 the [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum]] was held on 1 December 1991. In this referendum 83.90% of Donetsk's voters voted in favour of independence.<ref name="independence referendum Donetsk">{{cite book |editor1=Andreas Klinke |editor2=Ortwin Renn |editor3=Jean-Paul Lehners |title=Ethnic Conflicts and Civil Society: Proposals for a New Era in Eastern Europe |year=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138935525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMVKDwAAQBAJ&dq=dnipropetrovsk+1990%27s+%22Ukrainian+language%22&pg=PT122 }}</ref>

After experiencing a tough time in the 1990s, when it was the center of gang wars for control over industrial enterprises, Donetsk modernised quickly, largely under the influence of big companies.

In 1994 a consultative referendum was held in [[Donetsk Oblast]] and [[Luhansk Oblast]], with around 90% supporting recognition of [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]] as an official language alongside [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], and for [[Russian language|Russian]] to be an official language on a regional level.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Flynn |first1=M. K. |title=Political mobilization in eastern Ukraine: The referendum of 1994 in the Donetsk oblast |journal=The European Legacy |date=1996 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=342–349 |doi=10.1080/10848779608579417 |issn=1084-8770 }}</ref>

In the 1990s and the 2000s, hundreds were killed in coal mine collapses in Donetsk and the region. These included the [[2008 Ukraine coal mine collapse]], the [[2007 Zasyadko mine disaster]], and the [[2015 Zasyadko mine disaster]]. Ukraine has had many mining accidents since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with one reason cited as the linking of miners' pay to production, which is an incentive to ignore safety procedures that slow production.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7103086.stm |title=Ukraine's mine death toll rises |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=20 November 2007 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105094841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7103086.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a summit in [[Moscow]] in 2008, Donetsk was recognised as the best city in the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] for its implemented development strategies;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.utro.ua/ru/zhizn/donetsk_priznan_luchshim_gorodom_sng_4a07e7a7c5ef7 |script-title=ru:Донецк признан лучшим городом СНГ |trans-title=Donetsk named best city of the CIS |language=ru |publisher=Utro.ua |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110140701/http://www.utro.ua/ru/zhizn/donetsk_priznan_luchshim_gorodom_sng_4a07e7a7c5ef7 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2012 and 2013 Donetsk was recognised as the best place for business in [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://lb.ua/economics/2013/06/27/209344_donetsk_priznali_luchshim_gorodom.html |script-title=ru:Донецк признали лучшим городом для ведения бизнеса |trans-title=Donetsk recognised as the best city for conducting business |language=ru |newspaper=Lb.ua |date=27 June 2013 |access-date=14 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/economics/_doneck-vtoroj-god-podryad-priznayut-samym-privlekatelnym-v-ukraine-dlya-biznesa/508042 |script-title=ru:Донецк второй год подряд признают самым привлекательным в Украине для бизнеса |trans-title=Donetsk recognised as the most attractive for business in Ukraine for the second consecutive year |language=ru |publisher=Gazeta.ua |date=22 July 2013 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110173236/http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/economics/_doneck-vtoroj-god-podryad-priznayut-samym-privlekatelnym-v-ukraine-dlya-biznesa/508042 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/news/2013/07/22/386434/ |script-title=ru:Донецк признали самым привлекательным городом для бизнеса – Forbes |trans-title=Donetsk recognised as the most attractive city for business – Forbes |language=ru |publisher=Epravda.com.ua |date=22 July 2013 |access-date=14 December 2016 |work=Экономическая правда }}</ref>

Whilst getting praise for its business potential in 2009, Donetsk also received criticism for the strong mafia connection of its growing oligarchy, and for an increasing poverty rate.<ref>{{cite web |first=Natalia |last=Kommodova |url=http://www.ostro.org/donetsk/society/articles/67015/ |script-title=ru:'Большие сдвиги' Донбасса, богатые летчики и бедные вундеркинды – Обзор донецкой прессы |trans-title='Great shifts' of Donbas, rich high fliers and poor wunderkind – Overview by the Donetsk Press |language=ru |publisher=Ostro.org |date=4 August 2009 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110173228/http://www.ostro.org/donetsk/society/articles/67015/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some analysts warned of a long-term collapse of the Donetsk economy; and that it could share [[Detroit]]'s gloomy fate, due to its failure to combat crime and poverty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://makeevkainfo.com.ua/content/pochemu-doneck-zhdet-sudba-detroyta |script-title=ru:Почему Донецк ждет судьба Детройта |trans-title=Why Donetsk awaits the fate of Detroit |language=ru |publisher=Makeevkainfo.com.ua |date=24 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703220200/http://makeevkainfo.com.ua/content/pochemu-doneck-zhdet-sudba-detroyta |archive-date=3 July 2014 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=User generated site, with the author being 'a passer by'. Needs a reliable source.|date=December 2016}}

===Russo-Ukrainian War===
After President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] fled Ukraine to seek asylum in Russia, Russian-backed separatists took over the [[Donetsk Regional State Administration Building|Regional State Administration Building]], the main government building, in Donetsk. The police did not offer resistance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/politics/_v-donecke-neskolko-soten-radikalov-s-krikami-rossiya-shturmuyut-oga/545225 |title=В Донецке несколько сотен радикалов с криками "Россия" штурмуют ОГА |date=3 March 2014 |publisher=Gazeta.ua |access-date=3 March 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303161452/http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/politics/_v-donecke-neskolko-soten-radikalov-s-krikami-rossiya-shturmuyut-oga/545225 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the week the authorities of Donetsk disallowed a referendum on the status of the region<ref>{{cite web |url=http://novosti.dn.ua/details/219796/ |title=Новости Донбасса :: The authorities of Donetsk region don't want a referendum and they opposed 'foreign scenarios' – video report |publisher=Novosti.dn.ua |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315053005/http://novosti.dn.ua/details/219796/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the police retook the Donetsk OSA building.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lina |last=Kushch |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-donetsk-idUSBREA250CW20140306 |title=Ukrainian flag again flies over Donetsk regional HQ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=6 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307113744/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/06/us-ukraine-crisis-donetsk-idUSBREA250CW20140306 |archive-date=7 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Roth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/world/europe/ukrainian-officials-in-east-move-to-blunt-pro-russia-forces.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0 |title=Ukrainian Officials in East Act to Blunt Pro-Russian Forces |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=16 December 2016 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325215758/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/world/europe/ukrainian-officials-in-east-move-to-blunt-pro-russia-forces.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Donetsk became one of the centers of the [[2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine]].

[[File:2014-04-06. Протесты в Донецке 095.jpg|thumb|[[2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine|Pro-Russian protesters]] in Donetsk on 6 April 2014, as [[Russia under Vladimir Putin|the Kremlin]] deliberately stoked separatist sentiment among some local residents.<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Donbas region, 20 years of Russian propaganda led to war |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/23/in-the-donbas-region-twenty-years-of-russian-propaganda-led-to-war_5981389_4.html |work=Le Monde |date=23 April 2022 |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525102851/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/23/in-the-donbas-region-twenty-years-of-russian-propaganda-led-to-war_5981389_4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
On 7 April 2014, pro-Russian activists seized control of Donetsk OSA and declared the "[[Donetsk People's Republic]]",<ref>{{cite video |title=Russian Roulette: The Invasion of Ukraine (Dispatch Twenty Three) |date=11 April 2014 |publisher=VICE News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpdCvuf-ZOk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211103/FpdCvuf-ZOk |archive-date=3 November 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore }}</ref> asking for Russian intervention.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/donetsk-proclaims-independence-from-ukraine/article5883598.ece |title=Donetsk proclaims independence from Ukraine |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=7 April 2014 |last=Radyuhin |first=Vladimir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408214831/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/donetsk-proclaims-independence-from-ukraine/article5883598.ece |archive-date=8 April 2014 }}</ref>

On 11 May 2014, a referendum on the self-rule was held in Donetsk. The head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic election commission, Roman Lyagin, said that almost 90 percent of those who voted in the Donetsk Region endorsed political independence from [[Kyiv]]. Ukraine does not recognize the [[referendum]], while the EU and US stated that the polls were illegal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27369500 |title=Ukraine crisis: Eastern rebels claim 'self-rule' poll victory |date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |website=BBC News |archive-date=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513040812/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27369500 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Heavy [[Shell (projectile)|shelling]] by the [[Ukrainian Ground Forces|Ukrainian Army]] and paramilitary units have caused civilian fatalities in Donetsk.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28788945 Ukraine crisis: Shells hit Donetsk amid Russia convoy row] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222163435/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28788945 |date=22 February 2022 }}". [[BBC News]]. 14 August 2014.</ref><ref>"[http://www.euronews.com/2014/08/12/kyiv-s-troops-surround-separatist-stronghold-donetsk-civilian-casualties-high/ Kyiv's troops surround separatist stronghold Donetsk, civilian casualties high] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711093520/https://www.euronews.com/2014/08/12/kyiv-s-troops-surround-separatist-stronghold-donetsk-civilian-casualties-high |date=11 July 2020 }}". [[Euronews]]. 12 August 2014.</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] has called on both warring factions to cease using the unguided [[BM-21 Grad]] missiles in populated areas, and has said the use of these weapons systems was a violation of international humanitarian laws and could constitute a [[war crime]]. It also called on the insurgents to avoid their deployment in densely populated areas.<ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/07/24/ukraine-unguided-rockets-killing-civilians Ukraine: Unguided Rockets Killing Civilians Stop Use of Grads in Populated Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724231853/http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/07/24/ukraine-unguided-rockets-killing-civilians |date=24 July 2014 }}". [[Human Rights Watch]]. 24 July 2014.</ref>

The [[2015 IIHF World Championship Division I]], Group A was scheduled for 18 to 24 April 2015 in Donetsk, but Ukraine withdrew as hosts due to the ongoing conflict in the country.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Steven Ellis |title=Ukraine Withdraws as Hosts of 2015 Division IA World Championships |url=http://thehockeyhouse.net/international-hockey/ukraine-withdraws-as-hosts-of-2015-division-ia-world-championships/ |website=The Hockey House |date=15 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085434/http://thehockeyhouse.net/international-hockey/ukraine-withdraws-as-hosts-of-2015-division-ia-world-championships/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Instead of Donetsk, the tournament was organized in [[Kraków]], Poland. Eventually, Ukraine co-organized [[2017 IIHF World Championship Division I]], again Group A, but in its capital, [[Kyiv]].{{update after|2018}}<!-- history since 2017 is totally missing, including the eventful history in 2022 since the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] -->

Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in February 2022, the area around Donetsk has seen full-scale fighting between Ukrainian forces against Russian forces and their DNR counterparts. Russian-installed local officials have repeatedly accused Ukrainian armed forces of shelling Donetsk.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian forces shell Russian-controlled Donetsk, officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-forces-shell-russian-controlled-donetsk-officials-say-2022-12-15/ |work=Reuters |date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607144308/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-forces-shell-russian-controlled-donetsk-officials-say-2022-12-15/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian shelling kills 7 civilians in Donetsk, says Russian-installed official |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/ukrainian-shelling-kills-7-civilians-in-donetsk-says-russian-installed-official/2884094 |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=28 April 2023 }}</ref> On 30 September 2022, Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] signed a decree [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|claiming to annex four regions]], including Donetsk, as part of [[Russia]]. This annexation has been seen by the global community as a breach of international law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/sep/30/russia-ukraine-war-live-news-biden-and-zelenskiy-reject-expected-annexations-ahead-of-putin-speech?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-6336ebe88f086bb4a78ebc46#block-6336ebe88f086bb4a78ebc46 |title=Russia-Ukraine war live: Putin annexes Ukrainian regions; Kyiv applies for Nato membership |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027041030/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/sep/30/russia-ukraine-war-live-news-biden-and-zelenskiy-reject-expected-annexations-ahead-of-putin-speech?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-6336ebe88f086bb4a78ebc46#block-6336ebe88f086bb4a78ebc46 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Kalmius 01.jpg|thumb|The [[spoil tip]]s near the [[Kalmius]]. In the background is the Chervonohvardiiskyi District of [[Makiivka]].]]

Donetsk lies in the [[steppe]] landscape, surrounded by scattered [[woodland]], hills, [[spoil tip]]s, [[river]]s and [[lake]]s. The northern outskirts are mainly used for agriculture. The [[Kalmius River]] links the city with the [[Sea of Azov]], which is {{cvt|95|km|0}} to the south, and a popular recreational area for those living in Donetsk. A wide belt of farmlands surrounds the city.

The city stretches {{cvt|28|km|0}} from north to south and {{cvt|55|km|0}} from east to west. There are 2 nearby [[Water reservoir|reservoirs]]: Nyzhnekalmius (60 [[hectares|ha]]), and the [[Donetsk Sea]] (206&nbsp;ha). 5 rivers flow through the city, including the [[Kalmius]], Asmolivka (13&nbsp;km), Cherepashkyna (23&nbsp;km), Skomoroshka and [[Bakhmutka]]. The city also contains a total of 125 spoil tips.<ref name="Was there a ghetto in Donetsk">{{cite web |last=Liakh |first=Liudmila |script-title=ru:Было ли гетто в Донецке? |language=ru |trans-title=Was there a ghetto in Donetsk? |publisher=gorod.donbass.com |url=http://www.gorod.donbass.com/archive/html/1941252001.htm |access-date=7 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903070923/http://www.gorod.donbass.com/archive/html/1941252001.htm |archive-date=3 September 2007 }}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Donetsk's climate is moderate [[Humid continental climate|hot summer continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfa'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=91543&cityname=Donetsk,+Donetsk,+Ukraine&units= |title=Donetsk, Ukraine Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |website=Weatherbase |access-date=13 November 2018 }}</ref> The average temperatures are {{cvt|-4.0|°C|0}} in January and {{cvt|22.5|°C|0}} in July. The average number of rainfall per year totals 162 days and up to 556 millimetres per year.<ref name="rospogoda.ru">{{cite web |url=http://www.rospogoda.ru/city3_48.html |title=The Weather in Donetsk |website=rospogoda.ru |language=ru |script-title=ru:Погода в Донецке |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430133346/http://www.rospogoda.ru/city3_48.html |archive-date=30 April 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 May 2007 }}</ref>
{{Weather box|location = Donetsk (1991–2020, extremes 1926–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 12.8
| Feb record high C = 16.0
| Mar record high C = 23.8
| Apr record high C = 31.0
| May record high C = 34.6
| Jun record high C = 35.8
| Jul record high C = 37.8
| Aug record high C = 39.1
| Sep record high C = 33.9
| Oct record high C = 32.7
| Nov record high C = 20.3
| Dec record high C = 15.0
| year record high C = 39.1
| Jan high C = -1.2
| Feb high C = -0.4
| Mar high C = 6.1
| Apr high C = 15.0
| May high C = 21.5
| Jun high C = 25.7
| Jul high C = 28.5
| Aug high C = 27.9
| Sep high C = 21.4
| Oct high C = 13.4
| Nov high C = 5.2
| Dec high C = 0.0
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = -4.0
| Feb mean C = -3.5
| Mar mean C = 2.0
| Apr mean C = 9.8
| May mean C = 15.9
| Jun mean C = 20.1
| Jul mean C = 22.5
| Aug mean C = 21.8
| Sep mean C = 15.7
| Oct mean C = 8.9
| Nov mean C = 2.1
| Dec mean C = -2.5
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = -6.5
| Feb low C = -6.4
| Mar low C = -1.6
| Apr low C = 5.0
| May low C = 10.3
| Jun low C = 14.5
| Jul low C = 16.7
| Aug low C = 15.9
| Sep low C = 10.6
| Oct low C = 5.0
| Nov low C = -0.6
| Dec low C = -4.9
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -33.5
| Feb record low C = -31.1
| Mar record low C = -24.8
| Apr record low C = -10.6
| May record low C = -4.4
| Jun record low C = 2.1
| Jul record low C = 5.8
| Aug record low C = 2.0
| Sep record low C = -6.0
| Oct record low C = -10.3
| Nov record low C = -22.7
| Dec record low C = -28.5
| year record low C = -33.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 38
| Feb precipitation mm = 31
| Mar precipitation mm = 37
| Apr precipitation mm = 38
| May precipitation mm = 50
| Jun precipitation mm = 65
| Jul precipitation mm = 52
| Aug precipitation mm = 40
| Sep precipitation mm = 43
| Oct precipitation mm = 41
| Nov precipitation mm = 37
| Dec precipitation mm = 44
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan snow depth cm = 6
| Feb snow depth cm = 11
| Mar snow depth cm = 6
| Apr snow depth cm = 0
| May snow depth cm = 0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0
| Nov snow depth cm = 1
| Dec snow depth cm = 4
| year snow depth cm = 11
| Jan humidity = 86.5
| Feb humidity = 83.8
| Mar humidity = 76.9
| Apr humidity = 64.5
| May humidity = 61.8
| Jun humidity = 64.2
| Jul humidity = 61.4
| Aug humidity = 58.5
| Sep humidity = 67.1
| Oct humidity = 77.1
| Nov humidity = 84.9
| Dec humidity = 87.7
| year humidity = 72.9
| Jan rain days = 11
| Feb rain days = 8
| Mar rain days = 10
| Apr rain days = 13
| May rain days = 13
| Jun rain days = 14
| Jul rain days = 11
| Aug rain days = 8
| Sep rain days = 11
| Oct rain days = 11
| Nov rain days = 13
| Dec rain days = 11
| year rain days = 134
| Jan snow days = 17
| Feb snow days = 17
| Mar snow days = 10
| Apr snow days = 2
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 2
| Nov snow days = 8
| Dec snow days = 16
| year snow days = 72
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |script-title=ru:Погода и Климат: Климат Донецка |language=ru |trans-title=Weather and Climate: Climate of Donetsk |publisher=pogoda.ru.net |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34519.htm |access-date=19 April 2025 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203215156/http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/34519.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419125104/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Donetsk_34519.csv |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-format=CSV |format=CSV |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Donetsk_34519.csv |title=Donetsk Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work=World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=[[NCEI|National Centers for Environmental Information]] |access-date=19 April 2025 }}</ref>
}}

== Government and administrative divisions ==
{{see also|List of mayors of Donetsk}}
[[File:Raions of Donetsk and Donetsk City Municipality.PNG|thumb|[[Urban districts of Ukraine|Districts]] of Donetsk on the territory of the Donetsk City Municipality:
{| style="width:100%;"
|valign="top"| {{legend|#FFFF00|[[Budionnivskyi District, Donetsk|Budionnivskyi District]]}}{{legend|#00FFFF|[[Voroshylovskyi District, Donetsk|Voroshylovskyi District]]}}{{legend|#FF00CC|[[Kalininskyi District, Donetsk|Kalininskyi District]]}}{{legend|#34CE00|[[Kyivskyi District, Donetsk|Kyivskyi District]]}}{{legend|#0032FF|[[Kirovskyi District, Donetsk|Kirovskyi District]]}}
|valign="top"|{{legend|#FF0034|[[Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk|Kuibyshevskyi District]]}}{{legend|#FF9A00|[[Leninskyi District, Donetsk|Leninskyi District]]}}{{legend|#CC00FF|[[Petrovskyi District]]}}{{legend|#9CFF34|[[Proletarskyi District, Donetsk|Proletarskyi District]]}}
|}]]
[[File:Donetsk downtown map.png|right|thumb|City centre]]

Starting on 7 April 2014, Donetsk was ''[[de facto]]'' governed by the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] as its capital city. The Donetsk People's Republic was at that time [[International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic|not recognized internationally]], and all [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] recognized the city as Ukrainian. However, in February 2022, [[Russia]] recognized the DPR and the neighboring [[Luhansk People's Republic]] as sovereign states, and later that year officially annexed them (along with various other parts of Ukraine that were then at least partially under Russian military occupation). The member states of the United Nations still overwhelmingly considered the areas to be Ukrainian, with only [[Syria]], [[North Korea]], and Russia itself considering them to be Russian.

The territory of Donetsk is divided into 9 administrative [[Urban districts of Ukraine|districts]], whose local government is administered by ''district councils'', which are subordinate to the [[Donetsk City Council]].

{| cellspacing="2px"
|
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%"
|- style="font-size:100%; text-align:left"
! style="width:25px;"|# !! style="width:120px;"| [[Urban districts of Ukraine|Districts]]!! style="width:60px;" | Area !! style="width:80px;"| [[Population]]
|-
|1 || [[Budionnivskyi District, Donetsk|Budionnivskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |25&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|100,300
|-
|2 || [[Voroshylovskyi District, Donetsk|Voroshylovskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |10&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|97,300
|-
|3 || [[Kalininskyi District, Donetsk|Kalininskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |19&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|109,700
|-
|4 || [[Kyivskyi District, Donetsk|Kyivskyi District]] || style="text-align:right"|33&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|143,700
|-
|5 || [[Kirovskyi District, Donetsk|Kirovskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |68&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|171,700
|-
|6 || [[Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk|Kuibyshevskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |51&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|120,800
|-
|7 || [[Leninskyi District, Donetsk|Leninskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |37&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|107,800
|-
|8 || [[Petrovskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |57&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|88,600
|-
|9 || [[Proletarskyi District, Donetsk|Proletarskyi District]]|| style="text-align:right" |58&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|| style="text-align:right"|102,800
|}
|}

== Demographics ==
''See article: [[Russians in Ukraine]]''
{{Historical populations
|1897<ref>Statistics from the first All-[[Russian Empire Census]], conducted on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 15 January }}</ref>|28100
|1926|105739|1939|466268|1959|704821|1970|878590|1979|1020799|1989|1109102|2001|1016194
|2011|962049|2022|901645|source=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm |title=Cities & towns of Ukraine |website=pop-stat.mashke.org |access-date=21 September 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722121934/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
[[File:2013. День Победы в Донецке 192.jpg|thumb|[[Victory Day (9 May)|Victory Day]] on 9 May 2013]]
Donetsk had a population of over 985,000 inhabitants in 2009<ref name="donetskstat.gov.ua">{{cite web |script-title=uk:Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2009 року та середня за січень-лютий 2009 року |language=uk |trans-title=Population on 1 March 2009 and the average for January–February of 2009 |work=Department of Statistics of the Donetsk Region |url=http://donetskstat.gov.ua/statinform/chisl_ruh1.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422032814/http://donetskstat.gov.ua/statinform/chisl_ruh1.php |archive-date=22 April 2009 }}</ref> and over 1,566,000 inhabitants in the [[metropolitan area]] in 2004. It was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.<ref name="ukrcensus1" />

The structure of the Donetsk City Municipality by ethnicity as of the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|Ukrainian Census of 2001]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://donetskstat.gov.ua/census/census.php?ncp=11&ncp1=6 |script-title=uk:Перепис населення: Донецька область: Національний склад та рідна мова населення Донецької області. Розподіл постійного населення за найбільш численними національностями та рідною мовою по міськрадах та районах |trans-title=Census: Donetsk region: Ethnic composition and native language of the population of the Donetsk region. Distribution of the permanent population by the most numerous nationalities and native language by councils and districts |language=uk |work=Department of Statistics of the Donetsk Region |date=2004 |access-date=5 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085127/http://donetskstat.gov.ua/census/census.php?ncp=11&ncp1=6 |archive-date=28 September 2007  }}</ref>

{{div col}}
# [[Russians]]: 493,392 people, 48.15%
# [[Ukrainians]]: 478,041 people, 46.65%
# [[Belarusians]]: 11,769 people, 1.15%
# [[Pontic Greeks]] (including [[Caucasus Greeks]]): 10,180 people, 0.99%
# [[Jew]]s: 5,087 people, 0.50%
# [[Tatars]]: 4,987 people, 0.49%
# [[Armenians]]: 4,050 people, 0.40%
# [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]]: 2,098 people, 0.20%
# [[Georgians]]: 2,073 people, 0.20%
# Other: 13,001 people, 1.27%
{{colend}}
:'''Total''': 1,024,678 people

Native language of the population of the city of Donetsk:<ref>{{cite web |title=About number and composition population of Donets'k Region by data, All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001 |publisher=State Statistical Service of Ukraine |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Donetsk/ |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518002854/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Donetsk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Russian language|Russian]] 87.8%
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] 11.1%
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]] 0.1%
* [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] 0.1%

In a 1991 poll one-third of the population identified as ''Russian'', one-third as ''Ukrainian'' while the majority of the rest declared themselves [[Slavs]].<ref name="Steele1994">{{cite book |last=Steele |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Steele (journalist) |year=1994 |title=Eternal Russia: Yeltsin, Gorbachev, and the Mirage of Democracy |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-26837-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eternalrussiayel00stee/page/217 217]–18 |url=https://archive.org/details/eternalrussiayel00stee |url-access=registration |access-date=13 December 2016 }}</ref> Smaller minorities include in particular ethnic groups from the [[South Caucasus]] and northeast [[Anatolia]] region, including [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenians]], [[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijanis]], [[Georgians in Ukraine|Georgians]], and [[Pontic Greeks]] (including those defined as [[Caucasus Greeks]]).

== Economy ==
{{update|section|date=June 2012}}
[[File:Viewfromtheroof.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Congress Hall]]

Donetsk and the surrounding territories are heavily urbanised and agglomerated into conurbation. The workforce is heavily involved with [[heavy industry]], especially [[coal mining]]. The city is an important center of heavy industry and coal mines in the [[Donets Basin]] (''Donbas''). Directly under the city lie coal mines, which have recently seen an increase in [[mining accident]]s, the most recent accident being at the [[2007 Zasyadko mine disaster|Zasyadko mine]], which killed over 100 workers.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

[[File:Zasyadko Coal Mine1.JPG|thumb|Donetsk [[Zasyadko coal mine]], infamous for its mining accidents|right]]
Donetsk's economy consists of about 200 industrial organizations that have a total production output of more than 120 billion rubles per year and more than 20,000 medium-small sized organizations.<ref name="Donetsk">{{cite web |title=? |work=lukyanchenko.dn.ua |url=http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}{{cbignore }}</ref> The city's [[coal mining]] industry comprises 17 coal mines and two concentrating mills; the [[metallurgy]] industry comprises 5 large metallurgical plants located throughout the city; the engineering market comprises 67 organizations, and the food industry — 32 organizations.<ref name="Donetsk" />

After the [[History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)|fall of the Soviet Union]], Donetsk and other neighboring cities of the Donbas suffered heavily, as many factories were closed down and many inhabitants lost their jobs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Subtelny |first=Orest |author-link=Orest Subtelny |year=2000 |title=Ukraine: A History |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |isbn=0-8020-8390-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/613 613] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/613 }}</ref> About {{cvt|412000|m2|0|abbr=out}} of living space, {{cvt|7.9|km|1}} of gas networks, and {{cvt|15.1|km|1}} of water supply networks were constructed in the city during 1998–2001.<ref name="Donetsk" />

The city also houses the "Donetsk" [[special economic zone]].<ref name="Donetsk" /><ref name="356-14">{{cite web |url=http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/356-14 |script-title=uk:Про спеціальні економічні зони та спеціальний режим інвестиційної діяльності в Донецькій області |trans-title=On Special Economic Zones and Special Mode of Investment in the Donetsk oblast |language=uk |work=Order of Verhovna Rada |date=24 December 1998 |access-date=16 December 2016 }}</ref> Donetsk currently has nine [[town twinning|sister cities]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lukyanchenko.donetsk.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=16&type=1 |script-title=ru:Города побратимы Донецка |trans-title=Sister cities of Donetsk |language=ru |work=Official site of the Head of Donetsk City |date=31 August 2004 |access-date=5 May 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630191841/http://lukyanchenko.donetsk.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=16&type=1 |archive-date=30 June 2007  }}</ref> The German city of [[Magdeburg]] had economic partnerships with Donetsk during 1962–1996.<ref>{{cite web |first=Wolfgang |last=Stegers |url=http://wize.life/themen/kategorie/reisen/artikel/17092/meine-reise-nach-donetsk-i-die-unbekannte-ukrainische-metropole |title=Meine Reise nach Donetsk I: Die unbekannte ukrainische Metropole |trans-title=My trip to Donetsk I: The unknown Ukrainian metropolis |language=de |work=wize.life |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152836/http://wize.life/themen/kategorie/reisen/artikel/17092/meine-reise-nach-donetsk-i-die-unbekannte-ukrainische-metropole |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfgiAQAAMAAJ |title=The Daily Review, Volume 13, Michigan 1967 |access-date=4 October 2014 |date=1967 }}</ref>

In 2012, Donetsk was rated the best city for business in Ukraine by [[Forbes]]. Donetsk topped the rating in five indicators: [[human capital]], the [[purchasing power]] of citizens, investment situation, [[economic stability]], as well as [[infrastructure]] and [[comfort]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yellowpage.in.ua/en/archives/45318 |title=Forbes admitted Donetsk best city for business in Ukraine |publisher=Yellowpage.in.ua |date=1 June 2012 |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415144059/http://yellowpage.in.ua/en/archives/45318 |archive-date=15 April 2015 }}</ref>

The shopping areas in the city include the enclosed shopping mall [[Donetsk City (mall)|Donetsk City]].

== Sports ==
Donetsk is a large sports center, has a developed infrastructure, and has repeatedly held international competitions – [[Davis Cup]], [[UEFA Champions League]]. Representatives of the city are state leaders sports such as football, hockey, basketball, boxing, tennis, athletics and others.

The most popular sport in Donetsk is [[football (soccer)|football]]. Donetsk is home to one major professional football club: [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]], which played at the [[Donbas Arena]] prior to 2014 but now plays at [[Olimpiyskyi National Sports Complex|NSC Olimpiyskiy]] in Kyiv, won the Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup multiple times, and in 2009 they became the second team from Ukraine (after [[FC Dynamo Kyiv]]) to win a European competition, the [[UEFA Cup]]. There were two important teams:[[FC Metalurh Donetsk]] and [[FC Olimpik Donetsk]], which were dissolved in 2015 and 2021 respectively. Donetsk was also home to the [[women's soccer|women's football]] club [[WFC Donchanka]], one of the most successful clubs in the history of the [[Ukrainian Women's League]], but it ceased operations in 2014.

[[File:Donetsk Donbass Arena 30.jpg|thumb|[[Donbas Arena]] stadium was opened in 2009.]]
Donetsk is home to the football stadium [[Donbas Arena]], which was opened in 2009. It became the first stadium in [[Eastern Europe]] designed and constructed according to the UEFA standards for stadiums of "Elite" category. When the joint bid for the [[UEFA Euro 2012]] was won by [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Donetsk's [[Donbas Arena]] was chosen as the location for three [[UEFA Euro 2012 Group D|Group D]] matches, one quarter-final match, and one semi-final match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html#Donetsk |title=Stadiums / Donetsk |access-date=7 May 2007 |work=[[UEFA Euro 2012]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503223011/http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html#Donetsk |archive-date=3 May 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The [[Lokomotiv Stadium (Donetsk)|RSK Olimpiyskyi Stadium]] was chosen as a reserve stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html |title=Stadiums / Introduction |access-date=7 May 2007 |work=[[UEFA Euro 2012]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503223011/http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html |archive-date=3 May 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Donetsk, together with the nearby [[Mariupol]], were the host towns of the [[2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]. The stadiums hosting the event on behalf of Donetsk were [[RSC Olimpiyskiy]] (which hosted the final) and the [[Metalurh Stadium (Donetsk)|Metalurh Stadium]].

Donetsk is home to the [[ice hockey]] club [[HC Donbass]], playing at the [[Druzhba Arena]] since 2011 (but discontinuing operations is 2014 and then moving to [[Druzhkivka]] in 2015), which won the 2011 [[Ukrainian Hockey Championship]], and which is the only elite level team in the country. After playing a single season in the [[Russian Major League]], the club upgraded its arena to [[Kontinental Hockey League]] regulations, and joined the league in 2012. When moving to the KHL, the club created a local farm club to play in the Ukrainian Championship under the name [[HC Donbass-2]], which won the 2012 and 2013 national titles. In 2013 Donetsk was hosting the [[2012–13 IIHF Continental Cup]] ice hockey Super Final, which [[HC Donbass]] won, and the [[2013 IIHF World Championship Division I#Group B Tournament|2013 IIHF World Championship Division I – Group B]], where [[Ukraine national ice hockey team|Ukraine]] finished 1st and earned promotion to Group A (both were hosted at the [[Druzhba Arena]]). After the team resumed operations in 2015, it withdrew from the KHL, ultimately ending up in the [[Ukrainian Hockey League]], where it has won four of the last five championships.

Donetsk was also home to the basketball club [[BC Donetsk]], which played in the [[Ukrainian Basketball Super League]], and won the 2012 champion title. The club played at the [[Druzhba Arena]], and Donetsk had been chosen as one of the 6 Ukrainian cities to host the [[FIBA EuroBasket 2015]]. However, the club discontinued play after 2014 due to the ongoing war, and the 2015 FIBA tournament had to be moved out of the country.

The city used to be the home of few notable at the time yet now defunct clubs. The [[MFC Shakhtar Donetsk]] club won the [[Ukrainian Futsal Championship|Ukrainian futsal championship]] five times, but was dissolved in January 2011 midway through the season due to financial problems (at the time – the most titled club in [[Ukraine]]). One of the top [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] volleyball teams at the time, [[VC Shakhtar Donetsk]], who were the last team to win the [[Soviet Volleyball Championship]], in 1992. The team also won the first two championships in the independent [[Ukraine]] league, in 1992 and 1993 (the 1992 Ukraine championship was held in Donetsk), and won the Ukraine Cup in 1993, but after having financial issues, the club was relegated in 1997, and after one season in the second tear it was shut down.
[[File:РСК Олимпийский (008).jpg|thumb|upright|The statue of pole vault legend [[Sergey Bubka|Serhii Bubka]] which stands in Donetsk near the [[RSC Olimpiyskiy]]]]
Donetsk hosted the [[Soviet Union|USSR Tennis Championship]] in 1978, 1979 and 1980, and hosted some tennis matches of the 2005 [[Davis Cup]]. Donetsk was home to the [[Alexander Kolyaskin Memorial]], which was held between 2002 and 2008 and part of the [[ATP Challenger Series]], and Donetsk is the home of the female [[Viccourt Cup]], which is classified as an [[ITF Women's Circuit]] and started in 2012.

Donetsk was always an important [[sport of athletics|athletics]] centre, and hosted various events. Donetsk was one of the host towns for the 1978 and 1980 Soviet Athletics Championships, and was the sole host town of the event in 1984. Donetsk also hosted the [[1977 European Athletics Junior Championships]]. The stadium used for those athletics events was the [[RSC Olimpiyskiy]] (at the time called RSC Lokomotiv).

Among the different [[track and field]] sports, Donetsk especially has a big name in [[pole vaulting]]. [[Sergey Bubka|Serhii Bubka]], regarded by many as the greatest pole vaulter in history, grew up in the city, and also started in 1992 an annual pole vaulting event in Donetsk, called [[Pole Vault Stars]]. Bubka himself set the [[Men's pole vault indoor world record progression|world indoor record]] at the event three times (1990, 1991, 1993). His indoor world pole vault record of 6.15&nbsp;m, set in the Donetsk Olympic Stadium on 21 February 1993, was not broken until 2014. The [[Russia]]n female pole vaulter [[Yelena Isinbayeva]] set a new world record at the event every year between 2004 and 2009.

The [[2015 IIHF World Championship Division I]] ice hockey tournament had been scheduled for 18 to 24 April 2015 in Donetsk but was later moved to [[Kraków]], Poland due to the ongoing war.

=== Professional sports teams ===
The following is a list of existing professional sports teams, and notable (title-winning) defunct clubs. None of the clubs currently play in the city due to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col" | Club
!scope="col" | League
!scope="col" | Sport
!scope="col" | Venue
!scope="col" | Established
!scope="col" | Championships
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk]]
|[[Ukrainian Premier League]]
|[[Association football]]
|[[Donbas Arena]]/[[Olimpiyskyi National Sports Complex|NSC Olimpiyskyi (Kyiv)]]
|1936
|13
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[FC Olimpik Donetsk]]
|[[Ukrainian First League]]
|[[Association football]]
|[[Sports Complex Olimpik]]/[[Yunist Stadium (Chernihiv)]]
|2001
|0
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[WFC Donchanka]] (defunct)
|[[Ukrainian Women's League]]
|[[Women's association football]]
|TsPOR Donchanka Stadium
|1992
|5
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[MFC Shakhtar Donetsk]] (defunct)
|[[Ukrainian Futsal Championship]]
|[[Futsal]]
|Pavilion
|1998
|5
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Shakhtar-Academiya|HC Donbas]]
|[[Ukrainian Men's Handball Super League|Ukrainian Handball Super League]]
|[[Handball]]
|SC Tekstilshik/SC Dynamo ([[Zaporizhzhia]])
|1983
|3
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[HC Donbass]]
|[[Ukrainian Hockey League]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[Druzhba Arena]]/Altair Arena ([[Druzhkivka]])
|2005
|Ukraine: 4 (2 as affiliate [[HC Donbass-2]])
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[BC Donetsk]] (defunct)
|[[Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague|Ukrainian SuperLeague]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[Druzhba Arena]]
|2006
|1
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[VC Shakhtar Donetsk]] (defunct)
|[[Ukrainian Men's Volleyball Super League|Ukrainian Volleyball Championship]]
|[[Volleyball]]
|[[Druzhba Arena]]
|1983
|Soviet Union: 1 Ukraine: 2
|}

== Culture ==

=== Attractions ===

==== First Line Avenue (Artema Street) ====
[[File:Donetsk Center.jpg|thumb|Artema Street in 2016.]]

First Line Avenue, also known as Artema Street, is considered to be the main part of Donetsk. It generally functions as the foremost place to start for any tourist trip around the city. The street hosts a mix of new and old architecture together with small parks, hotels, shopping centers and restaurants. Noteworthy sites include Lenin Square, the Opera & Ballet Theatre, Monument to Coalminers and Donetsk Drama Theatre.
[[File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Str.Artema.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Artema Street]]
[[File:Театральная площадь 017.JPG|thumb|Donetsk Shevchenko Cinema on Artema Street]]

==== Statue of Artyom (Fyodor Sergeyev) ====
This six meter tall statue on Artema Street is a tribute to Soviet politician [[Fyodor Sergeyev]].

==== Donetsk Opera and Ballet Theatre ====
Built in 1936, the [[Donetsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre]] has been home to the [[Donetsk Ballet]] company since 1946.
[[File:Donezk Zentrum Oper.JPG|thumb|Donetsk Opera Theatre, 2002]]

==== Donbas Palace ====

This 5-star hotel in the center of Donetsk is the only ex-Ukrainian hotel to join The Leading Hotels of The World and was Ukraine's leading business hotel according to the World Travel Awards Association. It was built in 1938 by order of Shuvalova and Rechanikov. During the [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine|Nazi occupation of Donetsk]], the Gestapo occupied the hotel as a headquarters; the building was partially destroyed during the war. The hotel was reopened after the reconstruction in 2004.
[[File:Donetsk donbass palace 02.jpg|thumb|left|[[Donbass Palace|Donbas Palace]], 2008]]

==== Pushkin Boulevard ====
[[File:Pedestrianstreet.jpg|thumb|left|Pushkin Boulevard at night]]

A {{cvt|2|km|2}} long [[Greenway (landscape)|greenway]] that features fountains, cafes, and a number of statues such as the monument to [[Taras Shevchenko]]. The Mertsalov Palm sculpture is also located on Pushkin Boulevard. Originally created for an exhibition in 1896 by Aleksei Mertsalov, a local blacksmith, out of a single rail, it was meant to represent the skills and power of the heavy industry in Czarist Russia.

==== Monument to John Hughes ====
This 2001 statue located in front of [[Donetsk National Technical University]] honors the work of Welsh city founder [[John Hughes (businessman)|John James Hughes]], who built the city's Yuzovka Steel Plant which gave Donetsk its industrial history.<ref name="BBC220320" />

==== Forged Figures Park ====
Forged Figures Park was opened in 2001. The International Smithcraft Festival takes place in the park every year. Some prize-winning works are gifted to the city and remain in the park, periodically increasing the number of sculptures.

==== Aqua park ====
Donetsk Aquapark "Royal Marine" was opened in Scherbakova Park in late 2012. The free-standing dome, made with an aluminum truss structure, is {{convert|26|m}} high with a diameter of {{convert|85|m}}, and features a retractable design that slides open to reveal up to 50% of the structure to sunlight. The {{convert|61,000|ft2|sigfig=2|adj=on|order=flip}} aqua park, one of the largest indoor water parks in the world, was built by Canadian company OpenAire, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themeparkpost.com/index/world%E2%80%99s-largest-retractable-aluminum-domed-waterpark-under-construction-in-ukraine |title=World's largest retractable aluminum-domed waterpark under work in Ukraine |publisher=Themeparkpost.com |date=14 September 2011 |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010052333/http://www.themeparkpost.com/index/world%E2%80%99s-largest-retractable-aluminum-domed-waterpark-under-construction-in-ukraine |archive-date=10 October 2011 }}</ref>

=== Architecture ===
[[File:Donetsk britania 02.jpg|thumb|The ''Velikobritaniya'' ({{langx|en|Great Britain}}) hotel is one of the oldest buildings in Donetsk, constructed in 1883.]]

Donetsk, at the time ''Yuzovka'', was divided into two parts: north and south. In the southern part were the city's factories, railway stations, telegraph buildings, hospitals and schools. Not far from the factories was the ''English colony'' where the engineers and the management lived. After the construction of the residence of [[John Hughes (businessman)|John Hughes]] and the various complexes for the foreign workers, the city's southern portion was constructed mainly in the English style.

These buildings used rectangular and triangular shaped façades, green rooftops, large windows, which occupied a large portion of the building, and balconies. In this part of the town, the streets were large and had pavements. A major influence on the formation of architecture in Donetsk was the ''official architect'' of a [[Novorossiya]] company — ''Moldingauyer''. Preserved buildings of the southern part of Yuzovka consisted of the residences of John Hughes (''1891, partially preserved''), Bolfur (''1889'') and Bosse.

In the northern part of Yuzovka, ''Novyi Svet'', lived traders, craftsmen and bureaucrats. Here were located the market hall, the police headquarters and the [[Transfiguration Cathedral, Donetsk|Transfiguration Cathedral]]. The central street of Novyi Svet and the neighbouring streets were mainly edged by one- or two-story residential buildings, as well as markets, restaurants, hotels, offices and banks. A famous preserved building in the northern part of Yuzovka was the Hotel Great Britain.

The first general plan of Stalino was made in 1932 in [[Odesa]] by the architect P. Golovchenko. In 1937, the project was partly reworked. These projects were the first in the city's construction bureau's history.

A large portion of the city's buildings from the second half of the 20th century were designed by the architect Pavel Vigdergauz, which was given the [[USSR State Prize|Government award of the USSR]] for architecture in the city of Donetsk in 1978.

=== Religion ===
[[File:DonetskCathedral.jpg|thumb|The reconstructed Transfiguration Cathedral in Donetsk]]

Donetsk's residents belong to religious traditions including the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ortodox.donbass.com/ |script-title=ru:Донбасс Православный |trans-title=Orthodox Donbas |language=ru |publisher=ortodox.donbass.com |access-date=12 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629040340/http://www.ortodox.donbass.com/ |archive-date=29 June 2007 }}</ref> [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], [[Protestantism]], and the [[Roman Catholic Church]], as well as [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://old.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=300 |script-title=uk:Соціологічне опитування – Релігія: Віруючим якої церкви, конфесії Ви себе вважаєте? |trans-title=Sociological survey – Religion: Believers, which churches do you consider yourself to adherents of? |language=uk |work=[[Razumkov Centre]] |date=2006 |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108233934/http://old.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=300 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref name="Górak-Sosnowska2011">{{cite book |last1=Yarosh |first1=Oleg |last2=Brylov |first2=Denys |editor=Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowka |title=Muslims in Poland and Eastern Europe: Widening the European Discourse on Islam |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dCAU6Bz5QIEC&pg=PA254 |access-date=27 May 2016 |year=2011 |publisher=Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska |isbn=978-83-903229-5-7 |page=254 |chapter=Muslim communities and Islamic network institutions in Ukraine: contesting authorities in shaping Islamic localities }}</ref> The religious body with the most members is the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] and [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate|Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate]]{{clarification needed|date=June 2024}}.

In 2014, a leaflet carrying the signature of the "Chairman of Donetsk's temporary government Denis Pushilin" was distributed to Jews on the festival of Passover. The leaflet asked Donetsk's Jewish citizens to register themselves, their property, and their families to the pro-Russian authorities. The leaflet claimed that failure to comply with its demands would result in the revocation of citizenship and confiscation of property. The leaflet prompted confusion and fear among Donetsk's Jewish population, who saw echoes of [[the Holocaust]] in the leaflet.<ref>{{cite news |last=Margalit |first=Michal |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4510688,00.html |title=Donetsk leaflet: Jews must register or face deportation |work=Ynetnews |date=16 April 2014 |access-date=6 November 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508113401/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4510688,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Pushilin denied any connection with the leaflets and called them a provocation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Russians in Donetsk deny calling for Jews to register |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pro-russians-in-donetsk-deny-calling-for-jews-to-register/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |publisher=Times of Israel |date=16 April 2022 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106170651/https://www.timesofisrael.com/pro-russians-in-donetsk-deny-calling-for-jews-to-register/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Media ===
Three television stations operate within Donetsk:

* First Municipal ({{langx|ru|Первый муниципальный}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.12-ua.tv/ |title=Main Page |work=Pervyi munitsipal'nyi kanal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122043642/https://www.12-ua.tv/ |archive-date=22 November 2022 |language=ru}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}{{cbignore }}</ref>
* Kanal 27 ({{langx|ru|27 канал}})
* TRK Donbass ({{langx|ru|ТРК Донбасс}})

In Donetsk, there is the {{convert|360|m|ft|adj=mid|-tall}} TV tower, one of the tallest structures in the city, completed in 1992.

== Notable people ==

[[File:Tatiyana Kravchenko.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Tatyana Kravchenko]], 2014]]
[[File:Como no te voy a querer 4.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Siouzana Melikián]], 2007]]
[[File:Sharansky.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Natan Sharansky]], 2019]]
[[File:Anatoliy Solovianenko - Soviet Life, October 1984.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Anatoliy Solovianenko]], 1984]]
[[File:Viktor Yanukovych official portrait.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Viktor Yanukovych]], 2010]]
{{main|List of people from Donetsk}}
The citizens of Donetsk are commonly called ''Donchyani'' ({{langx|uk|дончани}}, {{langx|ru|дончане}}). The following is a list of famous people who were born or brought up in the city:

* [[Rinat Akhmetov]] (born 1966), a Ukrainian billionaire businessman
* [[Emma Andijewska]] (born 1931), a modern Ukrainian poet, writer and painter
* [[Alexander Anoprienko]] (born 1957), Professor of Computer Engineering in Donetsk
* [[Zalman Aran]] (1899–1970) a Zionist activist, educator and Israeli government minister
* [[Serhiy Arbuzov]] (born 1976), head of Ukrainian Bank, 2010–2012
* [[Mykola Azarov]] (born 1947), Prime Minister of Ukraine, 2010 to 2014
* [[Fyodor Berezin]] (born 1960), a Russian science fiction writer and active supporter of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]]
* [[Volodymyr Biletskyy]] (born 1950), a Ukrainian mining engineer and scientist
* [[Viktor Burduk]] (born 1957), artist and blacksmith
* [[Janina Dziarnowska]] (1903–1992), Ukrainian born Polish writer and translator, publicist, and expert on [[Soviet literature]]
* [[Vera Filatova]] (born 1982), a Ukrainian British actress
* [[Anatoly Fomenko]] (born 1945), mathematician, academic and promoter of New Chronology
* [[Dmytro Gnap]] (born 1977), journalist, investigates corruption
* [[Ismail Abdullaiev]] (born 23 May 1966), pro-Russian television director
* [[Yuri Kara]] (born 1954), Russian film director, screenwriter and producer
* [[Yevgeny Khaldei]] (1917–1997), Red Army naval officer and Soviet photographer
* [[Nikita Khrushchev]] (1894–1971), Premier of the Soviet Union 1953–1964, grew up in Yuzovka
* [[Iya Kiva]] (born 1984), Ukrainian poet, translator, journalist, critic
* [[Valeriy Konovalyuk]] (born 1966), economist and businessman
* [[Anna Korsun]] (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, pianist, organist, conductor and composer
* [[Serhiy Kozyr]] (born 1984), Ukrainian politician and [[Governor of Kherson Oblast]]
* [[Tatyana Kravchenko]] (born 1953), Soviet and Russian actress
* [[Mikhail Krichevsky]] (1897–2008), WW I veteran who fought for the Russian Empire
* [[Alexander Kuzemsky]] (born 1944), Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist
* [[Make Me Famous (band)|Make Me Famous]] (2010–2012), English language Metalcore band
* [[Oleksiy Matsuka]] (born 1983), Ukrainian journalist and corruption investigator
* [[Siouzana Melikián]] (born 1986), Russian-Mexican actress
* [[Vadym Pysarev]] (born 1965), Ukrainian dancer and art Director
* [[Aleksandr Revva]] (born 1974), stand-up comedian, TV host and voice actor
* [[Volodymyr Rybak (politician, born 1946)|Volodymyr Rybak]] (born 1946), Mayor of Donetsk and [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada]]
* [[Vladislav Rusanov (writer)|Vladislav Rusanov]] (born 1966), Russian-language science fiction writer
* [[Denis Stoff]] (born 1992), Ukrainian musician, vocalist for ''Asking Alexandria''
* [[Natan Sharansky]] (born 1948), former anticommunist, Zionist, Israeli politician and writer
* [[Ihor Sorkin]] (born 1967), former head of the Ukrainian National Bank
* [[Anatoliy Solovianenko]] (1932–1999), Soviet operatic tenor
* [[Oleg Stefan]] (born 1959), Soviet and Russian actor
* [[Vasyl Stus]] (1938–1985), Ukrainian poet and publicist and member of the [[Soviet dissidents|dissident movement]]
* [[Petro Symonenko]] (born 1952), head of the Communist Party of Ukraine
* [[Kirill Tolpygo]] (1916–1994), Soviet physicist worked on [[condensed matter]] theory
* [[Marina Tsvigun]] (born 1960), religious sect leader, new age movement
* [[Viktor Yanukovych]] (born 1950), former president of Ukraine; deposed in 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-28/ukraine-minister-accuses-russia-of-armed-invasion/5291986 |title=Ukraine: President Viktor Yanukovych says he was forced to flee due to threats; slams 'pro-fascist' forces – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=28 February 2014 |publisher=Abc.net.au |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812040420/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-28/ukraine-minister-accuses-russia-of-armed-invasion/5291986 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Pavlo Vigderhaus]] (1925–2013), Soviet architect, Monument to a Miner creator
* [[Vladimir Zakharov (composer)|Vladimir Zakharov]] (1901–1956), Soviet composer and choir conductor

[[File:Podkopaieva.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Lilia Podkopayeva]], 2008]]
[[File:RIAN archive 399455 1980 Summer Olympics Champion Nadezhda Tkachenko crop.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Nadezhda Tkachenko]], 1980]]

=== Sport ===
* [[Polina Astakhova]] (1936–2005), Ukrainian gymnast, multiple Olympic medallist
* [[Serhii Bubka]] (born 1963), Ukrainian pole vault athlete; gold medallist [[1988 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Yuriy Dehteryov]] (born 1948), goalkeeper, 321 caps with [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] and 17 with the [[Soviet Union national football team|USSR]]
* [[Yuriy Gavrilov]] (1967–2021), volleyball player, Olympic gold medallist
* [[Julia Glushko]] (born 1990), Israeli tennis player
* [[Aleksandr Lebziak]] (born 1969), Russian boxer
* [[Natalya Mammadova]] (born 1984), Azeri volleyball player
* [[Evgenij Miroshnichenko]] (born 1978), Ukrainian chess player
* [[Ilya Mate]] (born 1956), Soviet Ukrainian freestyle wrestler, gold medal at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Oleksiy Pecherov]] (born 1985), a Ukrainian basketball player
* [[Lilia Podkopayeva]] (born 1978), a Ukrainian gymnast, and the 1996 Olympic All Around Champion
* [[Serhii Rebrov]] (born 1974), footballer with 425 club caps and 75 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
* [[Viktor Smyrnov]] (born 1986), Paralympic swimmer
* [[Viktor Sidyak]] (born 1943), fencing, first Soviet individual sabre Olympic gold medal in Munich 1972
* [[Nadiya Tkachenko]] (born 1948), Olympic-gold winning pentathlete
* [[Oleg Tverdovsky]] (born 1976), ice hockey player
* [[Alexander Yagubkin]] (1961–2013), [[1982 World Amateur Boxing Championships|1982 World heavyweight amateur boxing champion]]
* [[Oleg Verniaiev]] (born 1993), Gymnast, Olympic gold medallist

== Museums ==
[[File:2012. Презентация каталога 100 икон 007.jpg|thumb|Donetsk Regional Museum of Art]]
Donetsk is home to about 140 museums. Among them, two large regional museums – Donetsk Region History Museum and Donetsk Regional Art Museum.

Donetsk Region History Museum reveals the city's true identity and covers to the entire local community, diverse as it is. Set up in 1924, it offers an extensive expo with 120,000 exhibits: from archeological findings dating back to pre-historic times to the founding of the city by John Hughes, development of industry and coal mining, World War II and the Soviet times. On 21 August 2014, the mayor of Donetsk reported that the roof and walls of the Donetsk Regional History Museum had been destroyed by shellfire early that morning.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sophia |last=Kishkovsky |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Eastern-Ukraines-museums-told-to-hide-their-collections/33387 |title=Eastern Ukraine's museums told to hide their collections |publisher=theartnewspaper.com |date=14 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816225843/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Eastern-Ukraines-museums-told-to-hide-their-collections/33387 |archive-date=16 August 2014 }}</ref>

FC Shaktar Museum was opened in 2010. This museum was the first Ukrainian museum to be nominated for a [[European Museum of the Year Award]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://donbass-arena.com/en/news/20139 |title=FC Shakhtar Museum nominated for an 'Oscar' |publisher=Donbass-arena.com |date=19 May 2012 |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502022533/http://donbass-arena.com/en/news/20139 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Local transport ===
[[File:Trolleybus Donezk.jpg|thumb|A Donetsk trolleybus with the Transfiguration Cathedral in the background]]
[[File:TramLM2008.jpg|thumb|Tram LM-2008]]

The main forms of transport within Donetsk are: [[Trams in Donetsk|trams]], electric [[trolley bus]]es, buses and [[marshrutka]]s (private [[minibus]]ses). The city's public transport system is controlled by the united ''Dongorpastrans'' [[municipal]] company. The city has 12 tram lines (~130&nbsp;km), 17 trolley bus lines (~188&nbsp;km), and about 115 bus lines.<ref name="transport">{{cite web |url=http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/transport/ |script-title=ru:Транспорт |trans-title=Transport |work=Partner-Portal |access-date=11 May 2007 |language=ru |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510133417/http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/transport/ |archive-date=10 May 2007 }}</ref> Both the tram and trolley bus systems in the city are served by 2 [[Bus station|depots]] each.<ref name="transport" /> Another method of transport within the city is [[taxicab]] service, of which there are 32 in Donetsk.

The city also contains railway stations located within the city and its suburbs: railway station ''Yuzhny'' (South), which serves mainly transport lines to the south, hence its name; railway station ''Tsentr'' (Centre), which serves transport in the direction of [[Marinka, Ukraine|Marinka]] and [[Vuhledar]] as well as intercity transport; the railway station ''Krytyi rynok'' (Indoor market), which serves mainly transport in the north and east directions; and the railway station ''Putilovsky'', which serves mainly the north and northwest transport directions.

The construction of the [[Donetsk Metro|metro]] system in the city, begun in 1992, was abandoned in 2012 due to the lack of funding. No lines or stations have been finished.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=uk:У Донецьку припиняють зводити метро |trans-title=Metro construction in Donetsk is stopping |work=1tv.com.ua |date=18 January 2012 |language=uk |url=http://1tv.com.ua/uk/news/2012/01/18/14506 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502190006/http://1tv.com.ua/uk/news/2012/01/18/14506 |archive-date=2 May 2013 }}</ref>

=== Railways ===
[[File:2025-03-29. Донецк DSC 7892.jpg|thumb|[[Donetsk railway station|Donetsk's main railway station]], located in the north of the city|left]]

[[Donetsk railway station|Donetsk's main railway station]], which at the beginning of the 21st century served about 7 million passengers annually,<ref name="transport" /> is located in the northern part of the city. There is a museum near the main station, dealing with the history of the region's railways. Other railway stations are: ''Rutchenkovo'', located in the Kyivskyi District; ''Mandrykino'' (Petrovskyi District), and ''Mushketovo'' (Budionnivskyi District). Some passenger trains avoid Donetsk station and serve the [[Yasynuvata]] station, located outside the city limits. Although not used for regular transport, the city also has a children's railway. As of September 2009, a new railway terminal facility to comply with [[UEFA]] requirements (since Donetsk was one of the host cities for [[UEFA EURO 2012]]) was planned.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/order/?id=170301 |title=Construction of railway terminal in Donetsk for UEFA EURO 2012 worth UAH 414mln |work=[[Ukrinform]] |date=23 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162528/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/order/?id=170301 |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref>

The Donetsk Oblast was an important transport hub in Ukraine, so was its centre Donetsk. The ''[[Donets Railway|Donetsk Railways]]'', based in Donetsk, was the largest railway division in the region.

=== Road transport ===
The [[File:Tabliczka E50.svg|25px|link=European route E50]] highway, part of the [[International E-road network]], runs through the city ''en route'' to [[Rostov-on-Don]] in [[Russia]].

In addition, another international road runs through the city: the [[Highway M04 (Ukraine)|M 04]]. Also, three national Ukrainian roads (N 15, N 20, and N 21) pass through the city.

The construction of the fourth stage of a circular road bypassing Donetsk was to be completed in 2014.<ref>[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/185414.html Building of fourth stage of Donetsk ring road to end in 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301085238/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/185414.html |date=1 March 2022 }}, [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 January 2014)</ref>

=== Air travel ===
In addition to public and rail transport, Donetsk used to have an [[Donetsk Airport|international airport]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vip-terminal.dn.ua/ |title=Service Center, International Airport 'Donetsk' |access-date=6 March 2007 |work=VIP-Terminal |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615231005/http://www.vip-terminal.dn.ua/eng/index.htm }}</ref> It was constructed during the early 1940s and early 1950s. It was rebuilt in 1973 and again from 2011 to 2012. Because of fighting the airport has been closed as of 26 May 2014 and the airport has since then largely been destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Loiko |first=Sergei L. |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1-ukraine-airport-20141028-story.html |title=Ukraine fighters, surrounded at wrecked airport, refuse to give up |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |location=Donetsk |date=28 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028102545/http://www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1-ukraine-airport-20141028-story.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 }}</ref> The airspace above Donetsk has also been closed since the [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17|MH17]] disaster.

== Education ==
[[File:Donetsk df 2006 01.jpg|thumb|Physics Day in Donetsk National University, 2006]]
Donetsk has several universities, which include five state [[university|universities]], 11 [[institute]]s, three [[academy|academies]], 14 [[tekhnikum]]s, five [[private university|private universities]], and six [[college]]s.

The most important and prominent educational institutions include [[Donetsk National Technical University]], founded in 1921<ref>{{cite web |url=http://donntu.org/about |title=About DonNTU |work=Donetsk National Technical University (DonNTU) |date=2016 |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=27 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214044/http://donntu.org/about |url-status=dead }}</ref> ("Donetsk Polytechnical Institute" in 1960–1993), as well as the [[Donetsk National University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.donnu.edu.ua/en-us/Pages/%d0%86%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d1%96%d1%8f-%d1%83%d0%bd%d1%96%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%83.aspx |title=History of the University |work=Donetsk National University |date=2015 |access-date=16 December 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which was founded in 1937. The National Technical University held close contacts with the university in Magdeburg. Since 1970, more than 100 students from Germany (''[[German Democratic Republic|East Germany]]'') have completed their higher education at either one of the two main universities in Donetsk. Donetsk is also the home of the [[Donetsk National Medical University]], which was founded in 1930 and became one of the largest medical universities in the [[Soviet Union]]. There are also several scientific research institutes and an [[Islam]]ic University within Donetsk.

Donetsk is also the home of the Prokofiev Donetsk State Music Academy, a music conservatory founded in 1960.

== Twinnings ==
{{update section|date=March 2022}}
Donetsk participates in international [[town twinning]] schemes. Partners include:

{{div col |colwidth=20em}}

* {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bochum]], [[Germany]] (1987)
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Charleroi]], [[Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Katowice]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Kutaisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
* {{flagicon|NIC}} [[Matagalpa]], [[Nicaragua]] (2004)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pittsburgh]], [[United States]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Sheffield]], [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Taranto]], [[Italy]] (1984)
* {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]]

{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Ukraine}}
* [[University Street, Donetsk]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book |last=Kilesso |first=S. |year=1982 |title=Donetsk. Architectural-historical summary |publisher=Budivelnyk |location=Kyiv |page=152}}
* {{cite web |title=Partner-Portal — ''Everything about Donetsk'' |language=ru |work=Partner-Portal |publisher=Интернет-агентство «Партнер» |url=http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/ |access-date=28 August 2006 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060811205736/http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/ |archive-date=11 August 2006}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Donetsk|voy=Donetsk}}
{{refbegin}}
'''General'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030208052959/http://www.donetsk.org.ua/ donetsk.org.ua] — Donetsk city administration website {{in lang|uk|ru}}
* [http://www.stroit.dn.ua/ stroit.dn.ua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701071854/http://www.stroit.dn.ua/ |date=1 July 2020 }} — Construction site of Donetsk
* {{in lang|ru}} {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20000604222635/http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/ partner.donetsk.ua]}} — Informational portal about Donetsk
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070427213607/http://airport.dn.ua/ Official site of the Donetsk international airport]
* [http://www.shakhtar.com/en/ Shakhtar Donetsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210034848/http://www.shakhtar.com/en/ |date=10 December 2012 }} official website of the Shakhtar football team
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723095217/http://www.dntsk.net/photo/ dntsk.net] — old and recent photos of Donetsk {{in lang|ru}}

'''Historical'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091024065502/http://geocities.com/abcuni_school/1about_donetsk1.htm geocities.com] — History of Donetsk and the story of the founder [[John Hughes (businessman)|John Hughes]]
* [http://www.bfcollection.net/cities/ukraine/donetsk/donetsk.html bfcollection.net] — Historic images of Donetsk
* [http://alldonetsk.info/en/history-city-donetsk alldonetsk.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183935/http://alldonetsk.info/en/history-city-donetsk |date=21 July 2011 }} – The history of the city of Donetsk
* [http://blog.i.ua/community/4030/1139328/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220173419/http://blog.i.ua/community/4030/1139328/ |date=20 December 2014 }} – Language Sandarmokh of Donetchyna, Mariya Oliynyk (UKR)

'''Maps'''
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100204025334/http://www.citylife.donetsk.ua/main/info citylife.donetsk.ua]}} — City map in English language for foreigners
* [https://www.google.com/maps/@48.008415,37.809362,32950m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en maps.google.com] — [[Google Maps]] satellite view of Donetsk
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=48000000&x=37820000&z=13&l=1&m=a wikimapia.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304010703/http://wikimapia.org/#y=48000000&x=37820000&z=13&l=1&m=a |date=4 March 2018 }} — [[Wikimapia]] view of Donetsk
* [http://gorod.dn.ua/donetsk/maps gorod.dn.ua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415125152/http://gorod.dn.ua/donetsk/maps |date=15 April 2022 }} — City map browsable and searchable by address
{{refend}}

{{Donetsk}}
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[[Category:Donetsk| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Cities in Donetsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Special economic zones]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1869]]
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[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
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[[Category:Bakhmutsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:De-Stalinization]]
[[Category:Territorial disputes of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Donetsk urban hromada]]