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{{Short description|1665 play by Moliere}}
{{Infobox play
| name       = Dom Juan
| image      =  Don Juan (Molière).jpg
| alt        = 
| caption    = The censored edition of ''Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'' (1683), by Molière, features an illustration of the statue at the feast.
| writer     =  [[Molière]]
| based_on   = [[Don Juan]] legend, particularly ''[[El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra|The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest]]'' (1630)
| chorus     = 
| characters = Dom Juan<br>Sganarelle<br>Donna Elvira<br>Guzmán<br>Dom Carlos 
| mute       = 
| setting    = [[Sicily]]
| premiere   = 15 February 1665
| place      = [[Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré)]]
| orig_lang  =  French
| series     = 
| subject    = 
| genre      = [[Comedy (drama)|tragic comedy]]
| web        = 
}} 
'''''Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre''''' ("Don Juan or The Feast of Stone") is a five-act 1665 comedy by [[Molière]] based upon the Spanish legend of [[Don Juan|Don Juan Tenorio]].<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107912/f13.image.r=.langFR] Molière. ''Le festin de pierre''. Wetstein, Amsterdam. (1683)</ref> The aristocrat Dom Juan is a [[Rake (stock character)|rake]] who seduces, marries, and abandons Elvira, discarded as just another romantic conquest. Later, he invites to dinner the statue of a man whom he recently had murdered; the statue accepts and reciprocates Dom Juan's invitation. In the course of their second evening, the stone statue of the murdered man charms, deceives, and leads Dom Juan to [[Hell]].<ref name=Benét>''Benét's Reader's Encyclopedia'' (1996) pp. 280–81.</ref>{{quotation needed|date=April 2024}}<!--Quotation needed for 'charms', deceives' and 'In the course of their second evening'. First, the statue is implicitly menacing and explicitly challenging Juan rather than 'charming' him and 'deceiving' him. Second, no second evening/dinner takes place in Molière's version, since the statue just appears suddenly outdoors and immediately asks Juan to take its hand. Third, it isn't even clear from the text that the statue actually descends into Hell with him.-->

Molière's comedy derives from the Spanish play ''[[El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra|The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest]]'' (1630), by [[Tirso de Molina]], but each playwright presents a different interpretation of the [[libertine]] protagonist. Molière's Dom Juan is a French man who admits to being an [[Atheism|atheist]] and a [[Freethought|free-thinker]]; whereas, de Molina's Don Juan is a Spanish man who admits to being Catholic, and believes that repentance for and forgiveness of sin are possibilities that will admit him to [[Heaven]], but death arrives early, and thwarts his avoiding moral responsibility for a dissolute life; in both the Spanish and the French versions of the comedy, Dom Juan goes to Hell.<ref name=Benét/>

Throughout the plot of ''Dom Juan or The Feast of Stone'', the valet Sganarelle is the only character who defends religion, but his superstitious [[Catholicism]] is a thematic and [[Intellectualism|intellectual foil]] to Dom Juan's free-thinking disregard for religion and [[social norm|social]] and [[sexual norm|sexual]] norms. In early 1665, after fifteen performances of the original run of ''Dom Juan'', the French royal authorities halted performances of the play; Molière then had to defend the play and himself against accusations of [[irreligion|irreligiosity]] and [[political subversion]]. That the playwright Molière was celebrating a libertine life by positively [[Representation (arts)|portraying]] a rake, thus the intent of the play is disrespectful of the official doctrine of the Church, and thus subversive of the royal authority of the king of France, who is an [[Absolute monarchy|absolute monarch]]. The consequent state-and-church censorship legally compelled Molière to delete socially subversive scenes and irreligious dialogue from the script, specifically the scene where Sganarelle and Dom Juan encounter the Pauper in the forest, in Act III.<ref name="Two French Plays">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3P9sUiM0XfQC&q=moliere+don+juan&pg=PA1|title=Brigitte Jacques and Louis Jouvet's 'Elvira' and Moliere's 'Don Juan': Two French Plays|last1=Jaques|first1=Brigitte|last2=Jouvet|first2=Louis|date=2003-01-01|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=9780761824756|language=en}}</ref>

In 1682, the prose edition of ''Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'' was censored, with paper strips glued upon the offensive text, for inclusion to an eight-volume edition of the plays of Molière. The censored, verse edition ''Le Festin de pierre'' (1677) by [[Thomas Corneille]] changed the style of writing — and thus changed the intent of the play — by exaggerating Dom Juan's libertinism to render Molière's comedy of manners into a cautionary tale of the unhappy fate of irreligious people.<ref name="Two French Plays"/> 

==Plot==
[[File:La scène du pauvre, Paris 1682, deux états.jpg|thumb|right| 300px|Censorship of the play ''Dom Juan or The Feast of Stone'' (1665), by Molière, is documented in the article ''La scène du pauvre, Paris 1682, dans ses deux états''.]]
''Dom Juan or The Feast of Stone'' (1665) presents the story of the last two days of life of the Sicilian courtier Dom Juan Tenorio, who is a young, libertine aristocrat known as a seducer of women and as an atheist. Throughout the story, Dom Juan is accompanied by his valet, Sganarelle, a truculent and superstitious, cowardly and greedy man who engages his master in intellectual debates. The many facets of Dom Juan's personality are exposed to show that he is an adulterer (Act I); an accomplished womanizer (Act II); an altruistic, religious non-conformist (Act III); a spendthrift, bad son to his father (Act IV); and a religious hypocrite who pretends a spiritual rebirth and return to the faith of the Roman Catholic Church, which is foiled by death (Act V).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or6G-rTUs44C&q=dom+juan+act+2+description&pg=PA342|title=Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide|last=Charney|first=Maurice|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313327155|language=en}}</ref> 

==Synopsis==
===Act I===
In the garden of the palace. After a few words of appreciation for [[Snuff (tobacco)|snuff tobacco]], Sganarelle speaks with Guzmán, the [[squire]] to Donna Elvira. Her primary concern is the abrupt departure of her new husband, Dom Juan. For Guzmán, Sganarelle proudly paints a terrible portrait of his master, Dom Juan, as a fickle, cynical disbeliever whom women should distrust. Guzmán exits and Dom Juan enters to argue with Sganarelle about the topic of marriage and amorous inconstancy, before revealing that he has fallen in love and has his sight set on someone new — a young, rustic bride-to-be. Donna Elvira then enters to challenge Dom Juan to explain the reasons for his abrupt departure; his response leaves her angered.

===Act II===
In the countryside. Speaking in rustic vernacular, the peasant Pierrot tells his bride, Charlotte, of the adventure story of his rescue of Dom Juan and Sganarelle after they had fallen into the lake when their boat capsized. Pierrot then exits to go "wet his whistle", and Dom Juan and Sganarelle appear. Dom Juan tells Charlotte that he is in love with her, and persuades her to marry him. As Dom Juan is about to kiss Charlotte's hand a thousand times, Pierrot returns and intervenes. Then appears Mathurine, yet another woman Dom Juan promised to marry. Two fiancées, and both demand an explanation. Dom Juan manages to inveigle his way out of girl trouble, leaving each woman believing that all is well between him and her. A man enters with the news that Dom Juan is in danger — twelve men on horseback are looking for him. Dom Juan says to Sganarelle that they should exchange clothes with each other. Sganarelle says "Not likely.", and they hurry off.

===Act III===
In the forest. Enter Dom Juan in country costume and Sganarelle in doctor costume. They are lost and encounter a pauper dressed in rags, and ask him for directions through the forest. Learning that the pauper is religious and devout, Dom Juan tests the man's faith by offering him a gold piece to blaspheme; the pauper refuses. Then Dom Juan sees a gentleman being attacked by three robbers, so he draws his sword and goes to his rescue. The gentleman turns out to be Dom Carlos, a brother of Donna Elvira, who explains to Dom Juan that he and his brother, Dom Alonso, have been hunting for Dom Juan to avenge his seduction of their sister. Pretending ignorance, and not admitting his identity, Dom Juan says he knows Dom Juan but that he is only an acquaintance, not a friend. Dom Alonso arrives. He recognizes Dom Juan and demands immediate revenge. In gratitude to Dom Juan for saving him from robbers, Dom Carlos persuades his brother, Dom Alonso, to postpone his revenge. The brothers exit. Continuing on their way in the forest, Dom Juan and Sganarelle find themselves at the tomb of the Commander, a man recently killed by Dom Juan. He orders Sganarelle to invite the statue of the Commander to dinner. The stone statue nods his head to the valet.

===Act IV===
In his apartment, Dom Juan wants to sit for dinner, but he is interrupted by a series of unannounced visitors. First is the creditor Monsieur Dimanche, a tradesman whom Dom Juan placates with many compliments, but then he snubs Dimanche by suddenly exiting the room. Sganarelle enters to usher out Dimanche from the apartment. Dom Juan's father Dom Louis arrives. He scolds Dom Juan and then leaves, angry with contempt. Donna Elvira enters, no longer furious, but with loving, wifely spirit to warn her husband against the wrath of Heaven. She attempts in vain to persuade Dom Juan to repent his sins. She leaves him alone. Finally, Dom Juan and Sganarelle sit to dinner, when the statue of the Commander appears; he does not join them at the table, but he does invite Dom Juan to sup with him the following day.

===Act V===
In the countryside near the city, Dom Juan tells his father that [[Heaven in Christianity|Heaven]] has changed him and that he has renounced his wicked ways. Happy at hearing that news from his son, Dom Louis leaves. The news of repentance and reformation also delight Sganarelle, but Dom Juan immediately says he meant none of it, and then passionately speaks at length in praise of [[hypocrisy]]. Then Dom Carlos appears, and a [[duel]] appears inevitable. 

The spectre of a veiled woman appears to offer Dom Juan a final opportunity to repent his sins. Dom Juan draws and brandishes his sword at the spectral woman, and he refuses to repent. The statue of the Commander enters and asks Dom Juan to give him his hand. When Dom Juan does that, the Commander proclaims: "The wages of sin is death". At that moment, Dom Juan cries out that he is burning, that he is afire. Thunder and lightning sound and flash, and the earth breaks open to swallow Dom Juan, whose fall is [[hell|followed by flames]]. Seeing that his master is gone, the lonely valet Sganarelle bewails the loss of his wages.<ref>{{cite book| last1= Fort| first1= Alice B. |last2= Kates| first2= Herbert S. |title= Dom Juan or The Stone Death: Minute History of the Drama| place= New York| publisher= Grosset & Dunlap |year= 1935| page= 47| url= http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/donjuan001.html| access-date= 27 November 2007| via= theatrehistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author= Molière| title= Six Prose Comedies of Molière| translator= |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 1968| place= }}</ref>

==Characters and premiere cast==
[[File:Le Festin de Pierre.png|thumb|Title page of the uncensored edition of ''Le festin de pierre'', by Molière. (Amsterdam, 1683)]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Character<ref>The English names of the French characters are from Henri Van Laun's ''The Dramatic Works of Molière'' (1885), vol. 3, p. 99. Edinburgh: William Patterson.</ref>
!Cast of the play's premiere performance (15 February 1665)<ref>Molière (1857). ''Œuvres de Molière, avec des notes de tous les commentateurs''], [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x002419088?urlappend=%3Bseq=473 vol. 1, p. 449]. Librarie de Firmin-Didot et Cie. Additional information from James F. Gaines (2002). ''The Molière Encyclopedia''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|9780313312557}}.</ref>
|-
| Dom Juan, ''son of Dom Louis''
| [[La Grange (actor)|La Grange]]
|-
| Sganarelle, ''servant to Dom Juan'' 
 |[[Molière]]
|-
| Donna Elvira, ''wife of Dom Juan''
| [[Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla|Mademoiselle Du Parc]]
|-
| Guzmán, ''gentleman-usher to Donna Elvira''
| 
|-
| Dom Carlos, ''brother of Donna Elvira''
| 
|-
| Dom Alonzo, ''brother of Donna Elvira''
| 
|-
| Dom Louis, ''father of Dom Juan
| [[Louis Bejart]]
|-
| Charlotte, ''a peasant woman, fiancée to Pierrot''
| [[Catherine Leclerc du Rose|Mademoiselle de Brie]]
|-
| Mathurine, ''a peasant woman''
| [[Armande Béjart|Mademoiselle Molière]]
|-
| Pierrot, ''a peasant''
| André Hubert
|-
| A Pauper
| possibly [[La Thorillière]]?
|-
| The Statue of the Commander
| possibly [[La Thorillière]]?
|-
| Violette, ''servant to Dom Juan''
| 
|-
| Ragotin, ''servant to Dom Juan''
| 
|-
| Monsieur Dimanche, ''a tradesman''
| Du Croisy (Philibert Gassot)
|-
| La Ramée, ''a swashbuckler''
| De Brie (Edmé Villequin)
|-
| A Ghost (in the form of a veiled woman)
| possibly [[Madeleine Béjart]]?
|}

==Notes==
<references />

==Further reading==
* Mackay, Dorothy Epplen. ''The Double Invitation In the Legend of Don Juan''. Stanford University, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1943.

==External links==
*{{wikisourcelang-inline|fr|Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre (Imprimerie nationale)|''Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre''}}
*{{Commonscat-inline|Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre}}
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107912/f13.image.r=.langFR ''Le Festin de Pierre, comedie''. Par J.B.P. de Moliere, edition nouvelle & toute differente de celle qui a paru jusqu'à present]''[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107912/f13.image.r=.langFR . A page-by-page view of the antique book that contains the text of the play as it was published in Amsterdam in 1683]''
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CVgzAQAAMAAJ&dq=don+juan+moliere&pg=PA240 Dual language publication of the play, French and English, every other page, dated 1739.]
* [https://archive.org/details/dramaticworksmo10moligoog <!-- quote=don juan moliere google book. -->  The text of ''Dom Juan'' available online in English translation]
*{{librivox book | title=Don Juan, or The Feast with the Statue | author=Molière}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0123808/ Film based on the play]
* [http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/lib_fac/54/ Free Online 2010 American Translation]
{{Don Juan}}
{{Molière}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Plays by Molière]]
[[Category:1665 plays]]
[[Category:Plays based on the Don Juan legend]]
[[Category:Plays set in Sicily]]
[[Category:Works featuring villain protagonists]]
[[Category:Censored plays]]
[[Category:Religious controversies in theatre]]