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{{Short description|Mongolian politician (1885–1922)}}
{{family name hatnote|Bodoo|Dogsom|lang=Mongolian}}
{{Infobox Prime Minister
| name                = Dogsomyn Bodoo<br><small>{{lang|mn-cyrl|Догсомын Бодоо}}</small>
| image               = Dogsomyn Bodoo.jpg
| order               = 5th
| office              = Prime Minister of Mongolia
| term_start          = April 16, 1921
| term_end            = January 7, 1922
| predecessor         = [[Dambyn Chagdarjav]]
| successor           = [[Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar]]
| birth_date          = 1885
| birth_place         = Mandshir Hutagt, [[Töv]] Province, [[Mongolia under Qing rule|Mongolia]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1922|8|31|1885|7|1|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Ulaanbaatar|Khüree]], [[Mongolia]]
}}

'''Dogsomyn Bodoo'''{{efn|{{langx|mn|Догсомын Бодоо|Dogsomiin Bodoo}}, {{IPA|mn|tɔqsɞ̜ˈmiŋ pɔˈtɔ|}}}} (1885–1922)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/rulm2.html#mongolia|title = Countries Me-My}}</ref> was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]]. He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and following the [[Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921]] became the country's first [[Prime Minister of Mongolia|Prime Minister]] from July 1921 to January 1922. A power struggle led to his resignation on January 7, 1922. He was subsequently charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government, and was executed on August 31, 1922.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bisher|first=Jamie|title=White Terror|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7146-5690-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8sdihXN47wC&q=%22Dogsomyn+Bodoo&pg=PT318}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bagaryn Shirendyb|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|year=1976|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=978-0-674-39862-7|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WecdAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dogsomyn+Bodoo|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Consulate of the Russian Empire in Urgoo.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Bodoo headed the Consular Hill secret group, named after the region of Urga which ows its name to the Consulate of the Russian Empire which was located in that area]]

Bodoo was born in 1885 in Mandshir Hutagt in present-day [[Töv]] Province. He obtained his elementary education at the [[Manjusri Monastery]] and then studied at the Mongolian Language and Literature School in Khüree (present-day [[Ulan Bator]]). He later became a scribe at the ''Shaviyn Yaam'' (religious affairs office) and then a Mongolian Language teacher at the Russian-Mongolian School for Translators.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sanders|first=Alan J. K.|title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia|year=1996|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham|isbn=978-0-8108-3077-6|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=octwAAAAMAAJ&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+Mongolia}}</ref>  He was literate in [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]], [[Manchu language|Manchu]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Baabar|title=History of Mongolia|year=1999|publisher=Monsudar Publishing|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-99929-0-038-3|pages=197}}</ref> He became the Khüree representative of the [[Harbin]] newspaper ''Mongolyn Sonin Bichig'' and, under the pseudonym Bold or Bo, correspondent and editor of ''Shine Tol''' and ''Niislel Hüreeniy Sonin Bichig'' newspapers.<ref>Sanders 1996, p. 26</ref>

==Founding of the Mongolian People's Party==

Exposed to Russian [[Bolshevism]] through his contacts and acquaintances at the Russian consulate, Bodoo founded the secret anti-Chinese resistance and revolutionary organization Konsulyn Denj (''Консулын дэнж'' or Consular Hill group) after the [[Occupation of Mongolia|occupation of Khüree]] by the Chinese general [[Xu Shuzheng]] in late 1919. Other members of the group included [[Dambyn Chagdarjav]], [[Darizavyn Losol]], and [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]], who acted as Bodoo's Russian interpreter.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bawden|first=C.R.|title=The Modern History of Mongolia|year=1989|publisher=Kegan Paul International Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-0-7103-0326-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofm00bawd/page/206 206]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofm00bawd/page/206}}</ref>  Encouraged by contacts at the Russian consulate, Bodoo's group eventually merged with another resistance group ''Züün Hüree'' whose membership included  [[Soliin Danzan]], [[Dansrabilegiin Dogsom]], and [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]]. On June 25, 1920,<ref>Kh. Choibalsan, D. Losol, D. Demid, ''Mongolyn ardyn ündesnii khuv'sgal ankh üüseg baiguulagdsan tovch tüükh'' [A short history of the Mongolian revolution] (Ulaanbaatar, 1934), v. 1, p. 56.</ref> the new organization renamed itself the [[Mongolian People’s Party]] (MPP).<ref>Baabar, B., Ibd. pp 199</ref>

Bodoo was a member of the first MPP delegation that included Choibalsan, Danzan, Losol, Chagdarjav, Dogsom, and Sükhbaatar (the famous "First Seven") that journeyed to Russia to establish contact with the Soviets in 1920.<ref>Sanders, Ibd</ref> He was named Minister of External Affairs in the provisional government at the MPP conference (subsequently regarded as the first congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) held secretly in [[Kyakhta|Troitskosavsk]], Russia from March 1 to 3, 1921.  A month later he was also named Prime Minister after Chagdarjav was relieved of the position.<ref>Sanders 1996, p. 42.</ref>

==Prime minister==

Bodoo became the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the revolutionary government following the "liberation" of Khüree from forces loyal to [[Roman von Ungern-Sternberg]] by joint Mongol and Red Army forces on July 6, 1921. He signed and issued Mongolia's Declaration of Independence on September 14, 1921.<ref>Babaar 1999, pg. 219</ref>
[[File:Mongolian Revolutionaries.jpg|thumb|320px|right|Back row from left: unknown, unknown, [[Rinchingiin Elbegdorj]], [[Soliin Danzan]], [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]], [[Ajvaagiin Danzan]], [[Boris Shumyatsky|Shumyatskii]], unknown, Bodoo]]
Soon thereafter, however, the political rivalry between Bodoo and [[Soliin Danzan]] intensified when Danzan lost his seat as party leader to a relative of Bodoo's. Danzan, who was Minister of Finance, engineered various plots to oust the Prime Minister from office by persuading influential figures that Bodoo was "short-tempered, short-sighted" and not a serious person.<ref>Baabar 1999, pg. 229-230</ref>

==Downfall==

Danzan's accusations gained traction in late 1921 after Bodoo's campaign (initially instigated by the Soviets) to "modernize" the people by forcibly cutting off “feudal” ornaments from Mongolian [[Deel (clothing)|deels]] such as large cuffs, women’s jewelry, and even long hair resulted in an angry public backlash.<ref>Baabar 1999, p. 231</ref> Sensing Bodoo's weak political position, Danzan accused him of plotting with the charismatic independence leader [[Ja Lama]] as well as with the Chinese and Americans, to undermine the revolution and establish an autocratic government. On January 7, 1922 Bodoo resigned from all of his positions within the government, ostensibly for health reasons.<ref>Baabar 1999, p. 231</ref>

==Death==

Danzan nevertheless pursued charges against Bodoo until he was convicted of conspiring with reactionary enemies to destroy the government. Bodoo and several other former ministers, including his predecessor [[Dambyn Chagdarjav]], were arrested and interrogated by a Russian agent. Bodoo, along with 14 other "dissenters",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Derek|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&q=dogsomyn+bodoo+rehabilitation&pg=PT5888|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|date=2001-12-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-79863-4|language=en}}</ref> was executed by shooting on August 31, 1922.<ref>Sanders 1996, p. 27</ref>

To blunt criticism of Bodoo's execution by powerful religious groups (Bodoo was a [[lama]]), party leaders including Sühkbaatar invited the [[Tulku|Hutagt]], or saint incarnate, [[Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar]] to become the next prime minister.<ref>Sanders 1996, p, 49</ref>

Following his death, Bodoo was stigmatized by official historians as a traitor and counter-revolutionary, especially during Choibalsan's rule. His contributions to the revolution were, for the most part ignored and forgotten.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Adle|first=Chahryar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC&q=Dogsomyn+Bodoo&pg=PA363|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century|date=2005-01-01|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-103985-0|pages=363|language=en}}</ref>  Bodoo was rehabilitated in 1962.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sanders|first=Alan J. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JN83EDDLl4C&q=dogsomyn+bodoo+rehabilitation&pg=PA216|title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia|date=2010-05-20|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7452-7|pages=216|language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
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{{succession box
| title = [[Prime Minister of Mongolia]]
| years = 1921–1922
| before = [[Dambyn Chagdarjav]]
| after = [[Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Prime Ministers of Mongolia}}
{{Leaders of CPM}}
{{Foreign Ministers of Mongolia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bodoo Dogsomyn}}
[[Category:Prime ministers of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Executed prime ministers]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:People executed by Mongolia by firearm]]
[[Category:Mongolian People's Party politicians]]
[[Category:Mongolian communists]]
[[Category:Executed Mongolian people]]
[[Category:People from Töv Province]]
[[Category:Lamas]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhists from Mongolia]]
[[Category:20th-century lamas]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Mongolia]]