View source for Dodo, Prince Yu

{{Short description|Qing dynasty prince and general (1614–1649)}}
{{family name hatnote|Dodo|[[Aisin Gioro]]|lang=Manchu}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Dodo
| title = [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yu of the First Rank]]
| image = Dodo, Prince Yu.JPG
| caption = Portrait of Dodo from the Palace Museum Archives
| image_size = 200px
| succession = [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yu of the First Rank]]
| predecessor = ''None''
| successor = Doni (as ''Prince Xin'')
| reign = 1636–1649
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1614|04|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = 
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1649|04|29|1614|04|02|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beijing]], [[Qing dynasty]], China
| burial_place = 
| father = [[Nurhaci]]
| mother = [[Lady Abahai|Empress Xiaoliewu]]
| spouse = Lady Borjigit<br>{{Marriage|Borjigit Dazhe|1633}}<br>Lady Nara
| spouse-type = Consorts
| issue = Zhulan<br>Duoni, [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yuxuanhe of the First Rank]]<br>Bakedu<br>Cani<br>Duo'erbo, [[Prince Rui (睿)|Prince Rui of the First Rank]]<br>Zhakedu<br>Dongge, [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Xin of the Second Rank]]<br>Fiyanggū<br>Princess of the Third Rank<br>Princess of the Fourth Rank
| house = [[Aisin Gioro]]
| full name = Dodo
| posthumous name = Prince Yutong of the First Rank (和碩豫通親王)
}}

{{Chinese
|title=Dodo
|t=多鐸
|s=多铎
|p=Duōduó
|j=do1 dok6
|y=dō dohk
}}

'''Dodo''' ({{lang-mnc|ᡩᠣᡩᠣ|z=Dodo}}; 2 April 1614 &ndash; 29 April 1649), formally known as '''[[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yu]]''', was a [[Manchu people|Manchu]] prince and military general of the early [[Qing dynasty]].

==Family background==
Dodo was born in the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] [[Aisin Gioro]] clan as the 15th son of [[Nurhaci]], the founder of the Later Jin dynasty. His mother was Nurhaci's primary spouse [[Lady Abahai]], who also bore Dodo's full brothers [[Ajige]] and [[Dorgon]].

==Career==
===Hong Taiji's reign===
[[File:Yangzhou massacre.jpg|thumb|right|A late-[[Qing]] woodblock print representing the [[Yangzhou massacre]] of May 1645. Dodo ordered this massacre to scare other southern Chinese cities into submission. By the late nineteenth century the massacre was used by anti-Qing revolutionaries to arouse anti-Manchu sentiment among the ethnic Chinese population.]]
In 1620, Dodo was conferred the title of an [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''ejen'']]. He became a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beile'']] at the age of 13 and was put in charge of the [[Plain White Banner]], and started administrating affairs in the [[Ministry of Rites]] and [[Ministry of War (imperial China)|Ministry of War]]. In 1628, Dodo followed [[Hong Taiji]] on the conquest of [[Chahar (province)|Chahar]], [[Mongolia]], and was granted the title of ''eerkechuhuer'' (額爾克楚虎爾) for his achievements. The following year, he followed Hong Taiji again on the conquest of the [[Ming dynasty]], crossing the [[Great Wall of China|Great Wall]] and closing in on the Ming capital [[Beijing]].

In 1631, Dodo was involved in besieging the Ming army at [[Battle of Dalinghe|Dalinghe]]. He lost his footing and fell from his horse during a battle and almost died at [[Jinzhou]]. The following year he participated in a campaign against [[Ligdan Khan]] of Chahar. In 1635 he was appointed commander-in-chief for the first time at the [[Battle of Dalinghe]].

In 1636, Dodo was promoted to [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''qinwang'']] under the title "[[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yu of the First Rank]]". He followed Hong Taiji on the campaign against the [[Joseon dynasty]] of Korea and defeated the enemy at Mount Nanhan. Two years later, he was demoted two grades to ''beile'' for bringing prostitutes with him in his army. In 1641, Dodo participated in the [[Battle of Songjin]] and led the Qing army in besieging [[Jinzhou]] in the first part of the battle. He led an ambush to wipe out the remnants of the enemy at Mount Song in the final battle and joined [[Hooge, Prince Su|Hooge]]'s forces in besieging Mount Song and captured the Ming general [[Hong Chengchou]]. He was promoted one grade to [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''junwang'']] for his achievement.

===Shunzhi Emperor's reign===
In 1644, Dodo entered Ming territory after the Ming general [[Wu Sangui]] opened [[Shanhai Pass]] for the Qing armies. They defeated rebel forces under [[Li Zicheng]] at Shanhai Pass and occupied the Ming capital [[Beijing]], after which Dodo was reinstated as a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''qinwang'']] and appointed "Great General Who Pacifies the Nation" (定國大將軍). Together with [[Kong Youde]] and [[Geng Zhongming]], Dodo led an army of 200,000, comprising both Manchu and [[Han Chinese]] soldiers, to attack the remnants of Li Zicheng's rebel army, defeating and driving the enemy from [[Henan]] to [[Shaanxi]].

In the first month of 1645, Dodo conquered [[Tong Pass]] and [[Xi'an]], and in the second month he attacked the [[Southern Ming dynasty]] (remnants of the fallen Ming dynasty). In the fourth month, Dodo captured the city of [[Yangzhou]] and executed its defending official [[Shi Kefa]], after which he ordered the [[Yangzhou massacre]]. By the following month, Dodo's army had crossed the [[Yangtze River]] and occupied the Southern Ming capital [[Nanjing]] and captured the Southern Ming ruler, the [[Zhu Yousong, Prince of Fu|Hongguang Emperor]]. In the sixth month, Dodo conquered [[Zhejiang]] and returned to [[Beijing]], after which he received the title "Prince Deyu of the First Rank" (和碩德豫親王).

Dodo berated and attacked the Southern Ming Hongguang Emperor (Prince of Fu, [[Zhu Yousong]]) over his battle strategy in 1645, telling him that the Southern Ming would have defeated the Qing if only the southern Ming assaulted the Qing military before they forded the Yellow river instead of tarrying. The Prince of Fu could find no words to respond when he tried to defend himself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wakeman |first1=Frederic E. |title=The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, Volume 1 |date=1985 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0520048040 |page=581 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nXLwSG2O8AC&pg=PA581}}</ref>

In 1646, Dodo was appointed "Great General Who Spreads Might" (揚威大將軍) and emerged victorious from suppressing a rebellion by the Sonid Mongols. A year later, he was conferred the title "Uncle Who Assists in Governance and Prince Deyu of the First Rank" (輔政叔和碩德豫親王).

==Death==
Dodo died of [[smallpox]] in 1649 at the [[East Asian age reckoning|age of]] 36. Dodo was said to have a very close relationship with his brother [[Dorgon]]. Dorgon was attacking Jiang Xiang (姜瓖) in [[Shanxi]] when he heard that Dodo was severely ill, so he immediately turned and rushed back to Beijing, but when he arrived at [[Juyongguan|Juyong Pass]], he received news that Dodo had died. Dorgon was so grieved that he changed into plain robes and cried as he raced back to Beijing.

==Posthumous demotion and restoration==
In 1652, the [[Shunzhi Emperor]] posthumously demoted Dodo to the status of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''junwang'']] for his affiliation with [[Dorgon]], whom the emperor perceived to have had the intention of usurping the throne. In 1671, during the reign of the [[Kangxi Emperor]], Dodo was granted a posthumous name "Tong" (通), so his title became "Prince Yutong of the Second Rank" (多羅豫通郡王). In the first lunar month of 1778, the [[Qianlong Emperor]] posthumously restored Dodo to the status of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''qinwang'']] and created a place for Dodo in the Qing ancestral temple. Seven months later, a shrine was built for Dodo in the [[Mukden Palace]].

== Family ==
'''Primary Consort'''

* First primary consort, of the [[Borjigin#Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin Borjigit]] clan (嫡福晉 博爾濟吉特氏)
** First daughter
*** Married Zhemen (輒門) of the [[Baarin|Barin]] in January/February 1645
** Princess of the Third Rank (郡主; 1634–1649), third daughter
*** Married Haoshan (豪善) in 1646

* Second primary consort, of the [[Borjigin#Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin Borjigit]] clan (繼福晉 博爾濟吉特氏), personal name Dazhe (達哲)
** Duoni, [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Yuxuanhe of the First Rank]] (豫宣和親王 多尼; 15 November 1636 – 2 February 1661), second son
** Duo'erbo, [[Prince Rui (睿)|Prince Rui of the First Rank]] (睿親王 多爾博; 19 February 1643 – 7 February 1673), fifth son

* Third primary consort, of the [[Clan Nara#Notable figures of the Nara|Nara]] clan (嫡福晉 那拉氏)

'''Secondary Consort'''

* Secondary consort, of the [[Tunggiya]] clan (側福晉 佟佳氏)
** Cani, Duke Kexi of the Second Rank (輔國恪僖公 察尼; 17 April 1641 – 15 October 1688), fourth son
** Dongge, [[Prince Yu (豫)|Prince Xin of the Second Rank]] (信郡王 董額; 9 February 1647 – 3 August 1706), seventh son
** Princess of the Fourth Rank (縣主), eighth daughter
*** Married Eqi'er (鄂齊爾) of the [[Borjigin#Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin Borjigit]] clan in 1663

'''Concubine'''

* Mistress, of the [[Clan Nara#Notable figures of the Nara|Nara]] clan (那拉氏)
** Zhulan (珠蘭; 1 December 1635 – 13 April 1665), first son

* Mistress, of the [[Gūwalgiya]] clan (瓜爾佳氏)
** Bakedu (巴克度; 3 June 1640 – 14 April 1668), third son

* Mistress, of the [[Gūwalgiya]] clan (瓜爾佳氏)
** Zhakedu (扎克度; 24 May 1644 – 21 February 1689), sixth son

* Mistress, of the [[Tunggiya]] clan (佟佳氏)
** Fiyanggū, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公 費揚古; 20 March 1649 – 9 September 1723), eighth son

* Unknown
** A daughter who married Shi Huashan (石華善; d. 1695)

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel | align = center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = Dodo (1614–1649)
| 2 = [[Nurhaci]] (1559–1626)
| 3 = [[Lady Abahai|Empress Xiaoliewu]] (1590–1626)
| 4 = [[Taksi]] (1543–1583)
| 5 = Empress Xuan (d. 1569)
| 6 = Mantai (d. 1596)
| 8 = [[Giocangga]] (1526–1583)
| 9 = Empress Yi
| 10 = Agu
| 12 = Bugan
}}

==See also==
* [[Prince Yu (豫)]]
* [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty]]
* [[Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book|title=Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, 2nd Ed|last=Ebrey|first=Patricia Buckley|publisher=The Free Press|year=1993|isbn=9780029087527}}
*{{Cite book|title=Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers' Jaws|last=Lynn A. Struve|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1998|isbn=0-300-07553-7}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://book.douban.com/subject/1792606/|title="Twelve Princes of the Qing Dynasty" 正說清朝十二王|last=Liu Xiaomeng|publisher=Zhonghua Publishers|year=2006|ISBN=9787101050790|author-link=:zh:劉小萌}}
*{{cite ECCP|title=Dodo}}

{{Yizheng wang}}

[[Category:1614 births]]
[[Category:1649 deaths]]
[[Category:Manchu Plain White Bannermen]]
[[Category:Deliberative princes and ministers]]
[[Category:Nurhaci's sons]]
[[Category:Deaths from smallpox]]