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{{Short description|Region of Punjab, India}}
{{for-multi|the town in Punjab Province, Pakistan|Doaba, Mianwali|another town in Pakistan|Doaba, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox region
| name               = Doaba
| settlement_type    = Cultural region of [[Punjab]]
| image_map          = {{maplink
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|id=Q172363
|title=Kapurthala district
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|id2=Q1817425
|title2=Jalandhar district 
|fill2=#33ff55
|type3=shape
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|id3=Q304800
|title3=Hoshiarpur district 
|fill3=#33ff55
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|id4=Q202710
|title4=Nawanshahr district 
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|map_caption=Geographical extent of Doaba (Punjab)
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| mapframe           = no
| named_for          = [[Doab]]
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{{Punjabis}}
'''Doaba''', also known as '''Bist Doab''' or the '''Jalandhar Doab''',<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |volume=4: S-Z |pages=397}}</ref> is the region of [[Punjab, India]] that lies between the [[Beas River]] and the [[Sutlej River]].<ref name="grover2">{{cite book |last1=Grover |first1=Parminder Singh |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-pOAnlQL0C&q=malwa+punjab&pg=PT16 |title=Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab |last2=Singh |first2=Davinderjit |publisher=Golden Point Pvt Lmt. |others=Photographs by Bhupinder Singh |year=2011 |location=Ludhiana, Punjab, India |pages= |chapter=Section 1: Introduction – Regions of Punjab |quote=Regions of Punjab: The much-truncated India's portion of present Punjab is divided into three natural regions: The Maiha, The Doaba, The Malwa. Majha: Majha starts northward from the right bank of river Beas and stretches up to the Wagha village, which marks the boundary between India and Pakistan. Majha in Punjabi means the heartland. The region is divided into three districts: 1. Amritsar, 2. Gurdaspur, 3. Tarn Taran. Doaba: The rivers Sutlei in the south and Beas in the North bound the Doaba of Puniab. The Doaba region is divided into four districts: 1. Jalandhar, 2. Nawanshahr, 3. Kapurthala, 4. Hoshiarpur. Malwa: The area south of the river Sutlej is called Malwa. The name has stuck because a clan called Molois (sometimes written as Malawis in ancient works) once ruled this area, which must have spread up to present State of Gujrat which was known as the Subah of Malwa as late as the Mughul times. Malwa the largest part of the Punjab is divided into the following 12 districts after the names of their headquarters: 1. Bathinda, 2. Barnala, 3. Faridkot, 4. Fatehgarh Sahib, 5. Ferozepur, 6. Ludhiana, 7. Mansa, 8. Moga, 9. Sangrur, 10. Muktsar, 11. Patiala, 12. Rup Nagar, 13. SAS Nagar - Mohali.}}</ref> People of this region are given the demonym "Doabia". The dialect of Punjabi spoken in Doaba is called "Doabi". The term "Doaba" or "Doab" is derived from Persian {{lang|fa|{{nq|دو آب}}}} (do āb, literally "two [bodies of] water"), and signifies a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt1.htm|title=GAZETTEER OF INDIA|access-date=3 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001843/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt1.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The river Sutlej separates Doaba from the [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] region of India to its south and the river Beas separates Doaba from the [[Majha]] region, split between [[Pakistan]] and India, to its north.[[File:Punjabdoabs1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A map of the Punjab region {{circa|1947}} showing the different ''doabs''.]][[Scheduled caste]]s form more than 40% of the population in Doaba. This area is also called the NRI Hub of Punjab as a consequence of the migration of a significant percentage of Doabias.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gurharpal Singh|last2=Darsham Singh Tatla|date=2006|title=Sikhs in Britain: The Making of a Community|url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsinbritainma0000sing|url-access=registration|quote=big villages doaba.|location=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|page=[https://archive.org/details/sikhsinbritainma0000sing/page/40 40]|isbn=978-1-84277-717-6}}</ref>

==Districts of Doaba==
Doaba comprises the following districts:<ref name="grover2" />
*[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
*[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
*[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar]]

==Sub-divisions==
===Manjki===
Manjki includes a large part of [[Nakodar]] tehsil, western parts of [[Goraya]] sub tehsil, Noormahal sub tehsil and western parts of [[Phillaur]] tehsil.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book |editor-last1=Rose |editor-first1=Horace Arthur |editor-link1=Horace Arthur Rose |date=1911 |title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-aw3hRAX_DgC |edition=1997|page=51 |isbn=9788185297682|publisher=Nirmal Publishers and Distributors}}</ref> The villages of Jandiala Manjki,  and Bundala lie in Manjki. The south east of [[Phagwara]] also falls within Manjki.<ref name="cgwb.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/district_profile/punjab/kapoorthla.pdf|title=History of Jalandhar|access-date=13 May 2017|website=Jalandhar Online|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030105345/http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Punjab/kapoorthla.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-30}}</ref>

It is not clear if the area takes its name from the Manj tribe which once held the track around Nakodar or the name is related to the condition of the land.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/> The Manj Rajputs held a large tract in the south west of [[Jallandhar]] district stretching between [[Talwan, India|Talwan]], [[Nakodar]] and Malsian (to the west of Nakodar city).<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>

The Arains were mainly settled in [[Phagwara]], [[Nakodar]], Kotla Nihang, Daulatpur and Noorpur. They were landholders of big agricultural tracts in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/panjabcastes00ibbe/panjabcastes00ibbe_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Panjab castes"|website=archive.org|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> After partition almost all{{failed verification|date=February 2023}} Arain population migrated from Jalandhar to [[Faisalabad|Faisalabad (formerly Lyallpur)]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Rawalpindi]] and [[Lahore]] districts of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_11_1/6_krishan.pdf|title=Demography of the Punjab (1849-1947)|access-date=8 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022818/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_11_1/6_krishan.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Hinduism and [[Sikhism]] are the main religions of the region. Before partition, the area had a sizeable Muslim majority, which led the Muslim League to hope that the Jalandhar division would be allotted to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2904/stories/20120309290407300.htm|title=Horrors of Partition|magazine =Frontline |volume=29 |issue=4 |first1= A.G. |last1=Noorani |date=25 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307033020/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2904/stories/20120309290407300.htm|archive-date=7 March 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The majority of Muslims of this area after partition moved to the [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad (formerly Lyallpur)]] district of Pakistan,<ref>
{{cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-residents-still-approach-MC-for-birth-certificates-/articleshow/9727005.cms
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130426161531/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-25/india/29926357_1_certificates-requests-urdu
|url-status=live
|archive-date=26 April 2013
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|title=Pak residents still approach MC for birth certificates
|date=11 August 2001
}}</ref> and a small minority opted instead for the urban centers of [[Lahore]] and [[Rawalpindi]]. Some Sikhs and Hindus from the [[Faisalabad District|Lyallpur]] district were relocated in the Doaba region, especially in Manjki.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thelangarhall.com/india/remembering-partition-one-story-at-a-time/|title=Remembering Partition, One Story at a Time|website=thelangarhall.com|date=6 December 2011}}</ref>

===Dhak===
The area known as Dhak includes the eastern part of [[Phillaur]] tehsil and [[Nawanshahr]] district.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/> The Grand Trunk road separates the Dhak area from the Manjki area. The middle part of [[Phagwara]] tehsil is in Dhak.<ref name="cgwb.gov.in"/> 

[[Phagwara]] tehsil includes the Dhak area. The type of soil has traditionally been midway between clay loan or loamy clay and therefore the traditional main crop rotations were maize-wheat, paddy-wheat, sugarcane-wheat, and fodder-wheat, cotton-wheat.<ref name="punjabrevenue.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt5.htm|title=Normal Soils of the Flat Plains and Old Flood Plains|access-date=3 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801170937/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt5.htm|archive-date=1 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Dona===
The word 'Dona' means that the soil is formed of two constituents, sand and clay, with sand predominating. The area to the south of the river Beas falls within Dona. This area is formed by a part of the [[Kapurthala]] district.<ref name="cgwb.gov.in"/>

Due to the type of soil in Dona, the main crop rotations traditionally being followed were: groundnut-wheat, groundnut-fallow, maize-wheat, cotton-wheat, and fodder-wheat.<ref name="punjabrevenue.nic.in"/>

===Bet===
The portion of Doaba that lies in the area between the river tract falling between the Beas and Black Bein is called "Bet".<ref name="cgwb.gov.in"/>

The soil in Bet is clay loam or loamy or clay, and therefore the main crop rotations traditionally being followed were: paddy-wheat, maize-wheat, fodder-wheat, and toria-wheat.<ref name="punjabrevenue.nic.in"/>

===Sirowal===
The north eastern part of [[Phagwara]] tehsil lies in the Sirowal (also called Sirwal) region. Bhogpur and Adampur Blocks of Jalandhar district also lie in Sirowal.

Sirowal is characteristic of the Bet area with numerous hill streams coming down from [[Hoshiarpur]] district keeping the soil moist year round. Some of these streams are silt laden and at first deposit fertile soil though their later deposits are more and more sandy. Due to the existence of these drainage channels patches and stratas of hard clay are also to be found.<ref name="cgwb.gov.in"/>

==Places==

===Dasuya===
{{Main article|Dasuya}}

The town is referred to in the ancient Indian epic, the [[Mahabharata]], as the seat of king [[Virata]]. In recognition of this, Dasuya is still referred to as ''Virat Ki Nagri'' today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp2.htm|title=Punjab Gazetteer: Hoshiarpur|year=1979|editor-first=Baldev Raj|editor-last=Sharma|access-date=21 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204161802/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp2.htm|archive-date=4 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Satluj P012.JPG|Satluj divides Doaba and Malwa
File:Present-20.jpg|Black Bein
File:Butea.JPG|Butea
File:Lovely Professional University (LPU), Jalandhar-Phagwara Highway, Jalandhar.jpg|Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara
File:Hoshiarpur City.jpg|Hoshiarpur City
File:Pushpa Gujral Science City - Outside View of IMAX Theater.jpg|Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala
File:Ustad's Tomb Nakodar, Punjab.jpg|Ustad's Tomb, Nakodar
File:Mosque and Circular Well, Sarai Nurmahal.jpg|Mosque and Circular Well, Sarai Nurmahal
File:Baba Kahan Dass Ji.jpg|Gurudwara Baba Kahan Dass ji Kala Sanghian, P.S
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Doab#The Punjab Doabs|The Punjab Doabs]]
*[[Majha]]
*[[Malwa, Punjab|Malwa]]
*[[Poadh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Punjab, India|state=collapsed}}
{{PunjabGeography}}
{{GeoSouthAsia}}
{{Historical regions of North India|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|31|20|N|76|10|E|region:IN_dim:100000|display=title}}

[[Category:Regions of India]]
[[Category:Regions of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Plains of India]]
[[Category:Landforms of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Doabs of India]]