View source for Djabugay language

{{Short description|Endangered Australian Aboriginal language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Djabugay
|region=[[Queensland]], [[Australia]]
|ethnicity=[[Djabugay]], [[Buluwai]], [[Yirrganydji]] (Irukandji)
|speakers=81
|date=2021 census
|ref=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/2021/|title=Cultural diversity: Census|author=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=13 October 2022|date=2021}}</ref>
|familycolor=Australian
|fam1=[[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]]
|fam2=[[Paman languages|Paman]]
|dia1=Djabugay
|dia2=Yirrgay (Irrukandji)
|dia3=Bulway
|dia4=Guluy
|dia5=Njagali (Nyagali)<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last=Dixon |first=R. M. W. |author-link=R. M. W. Dixon |title=Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780|page=xxxii}}</ref>
|map2=Lang Status 40-SE.svg
|mapcaption2={{center|{{small|Djabugay is classified as Severely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}
|iso3=dyy
|glotto=dyaa1242
|glottorefname=Dyaabugay
|aiatsis=Y106
}}

'''Djabugay''' (or ''Djabuganjdji''; see below for other names) is an endangered [[Australian Aboriginal language]] spoken by the [[Djabugay people]] with 46 native speakers at the 2016 census.<ref name="AIATSIS" /><ref name=":2" /> The Djabugay language region includes [[Far North Queensland]], particularly around the Kuranda Range and [[Barron River (Queensland)|Barron River]] catchment, and the landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Cairns Regional Council]].<ref name=":3">{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/53?embed=true|title=Djabugay|author(s)=[[State Library of Queensland]]|accessdate=16 May 2022}}</ref>

==Classification==
Though sometimes placed in a separate [[Yidinyic languages|Yidinyic]] branch of [[Pama–Nyungan]], Bowern (2011) retains Djabugay in its traditional place within the [[Paman languages]].<ref>Bowern, Claire. 2011. "[http://anggarrgoon.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/how-many-languages-were-spoken-in-australia/ How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?]", ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011 ([http://pamanyungan.sites.yale.edu/master-list-australian-languages-v12 corrected] February 6, 2012)</ref>

==Dialects==
The following languages are confirmed dialects of Djabugay by the [[AUSTLANG]] database maintained by [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]. Djabugay is used both as a language name and a dialect name.<ref name="AIATSIS" /> Additional names for these languages and/or dialects have been listed after their names but terms do overlap and the lists are not exhaustive.

* Y106: Djabugay / Tjapukai – Barron River dialect, Binggu, Bulum-Bulum, Buluwai, Check-Cull, Chewlie, Dja:bugay, Djabugai, Djabuganjdji, Djabungandji, Dyaabugay, Dyabugandyi, Dyabugay, Hileman, Irukandjai, Kikonjunkulu, Kodgotto, Koko-Tjumbundji, Koko njunkulu, Koko nyungalo, Koko Tjumbundji, Kokonjunkulu, Kokonyungalo, Ngarlkadjie, Njakali, Nyakali, Orlow, Tapelcay, Tcabogai tjanji, Tja:pukanja, Tjabakai-Thandji, Tjabogai tjandji, Tjabogai tjanji, Tjabogaijanji, Tjabogaitjandji, Tjankir, Tjankun, Tjapukandji, Tjapukanja, Tjapunkandji, Tjunbundji, Toabogai tjani, Tuffelcey<ref name="AIATSIS" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":ELP">{{cite web |title=Djabugay |url=https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4118 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=[[Endangered Languages Project]]}}</ref>
* Y110: Bulway – Buluwan dyi, Buluwandji, Buluwandyi, Bulwandji, Bulwandyi<ref name=":Y1102">{{cite web |title=Y110 Bulway |url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/Y110 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=AUSTLANG |date=26 July 2019 |publisher=[[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]}}</ref><ref name=":Bulway">{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/50?embed=true|title=Bulway|author(s)=[[State Library of Queensland]]|accessdate=20 May 2022}}</ref>
* Y111: Yirrgay – Chumchum, Dingal, Djabungandji, Dungara, Dungarah, Illagona, Irakanji, Irukandji, Tingaree, Tingeree, Umbay, Walpoll, Wongulli, Yerkanji, Yettkie, Yirgandji, Yirgay, Yirkandji, Yirkanji<ref name=":Y111">{{cite web |title=Y111 Yirrgay |url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/Y111 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=AUSTLANG |date=26 July 2019 |publisher=[[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]}}</ref><ref name=":Irukandji">{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/70?embed=true|title=Irukandji|author(s)=[[State Library of Queensland]]|accessdate=20 May 2022}}</ref>
* Y160: Guluy – Dyaabugay<ref name=":Y160">{{cite web |title=Y160 Guluy |url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/Y160 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=AUSTLANG |date=26 July 2019 |publisher=[[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]}}</ref>
* Y162: Nyagali – Njagali<ref name=":Y162">{{cite web |title=Y162 Nyagali |url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/Y162 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=AUSTLANG |date=26 July 2019 |publisher=[[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]}}</ref>

==Phonology==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants<ref name="Patz1991">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Patz |first=Elisabeth |title=Djabugay |encyclopedia=Handbook of Australian Languages |volume=4 |editor-first=R. M. W. |editor-last=Dixon |editor-first2=Barry J. |editor-last2=Blake |pages=245–347 |location=Melbourne |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1991}}</ref>
!
! [[labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[apico-alveolar consonant|Apico-<br/>alveolar]]
! [[retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[lamino-palatal consonant|Lamino-<br/>palatal]]
! [[dorso-velar consonant|Dorso-<br/>velar]]
|-
! [[Plosive]]
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɟ}}
| {{IPA link|g}}
|-
! [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] 
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|-
! [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] 
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
| {{IPA link|ɻ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Semivowel]]
| {{IPA link|w}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels<ref name="Patz1991" />
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[High vowel|High]]
| {{IPA link|i}} {{quad}} {{IPA link|iː}}
| {{IPA link|u}} {{quad}} {{IPA link|uː}}
|-
! [[Low vowel|Low]]
|colspan=2| {{IPA link|a}} {{quad}} {{IPA link|aː}}
|}

==Vocabulary==
Some words from the Djabugay language, as spelt and written by Djabugay authors include:<ref name=":3" /><ref name="DUBI">Duffin, Rhonda & Brim, Rosetta (1993?) ''Ngapi Garrang Bulurru-m: All Things Come from Bulurru''. [[Kuranda, Queensland]]. {{ISBN|0-646-09380-0}}.</ref>

* {{lang|dyy|Bulurru}}: elsewhere known as [[Dreamtime|Dreaming]], the source of life.
* ''Gurrabana'': where people and everything in Djabugay society and life is divided between wet and dry, this is the wet season side.
* ''Gurraminya'': where people and everything in Djabugay society and life is divided between wet and dry, this is the dry season side.
* ''Djirri-nyurra'': hello
* ''Guyu'': fish
* ''Gan gula'': kangaroo
* ''Bulmba'': home
* ''Bana'': rain
* ''Wuru'': river
* ''Bungan'': sun

==See also==
*[[Yidiny language]]

==References==
<references/>

== Further reading ==

* [https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/sites/default/files/Djabugay%20Everyday%20Words.pdf Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Language Wordlists: Djabugay Everyday Words], published by [[State Library of Queensland]] under [[Creative Commons license|CC-BY]] [http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/home/copyright license], accessed 17 May 2022.
{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Paman}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Djabugay Language}}
[[Category:Yidinyic languages]]
[[Category:Paman languages]]
[[Category:Endangered indigenous Australian languages in Queensland]]
[[Category:Severely endangered languages]]