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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox Swiss town
 | subject_name = Disentis/Mustér
 | image_photo          = Disentis Westsicht.jpg
 | image_caption        =
 | snow_image           = Disentis Kloster.jpeg
 | snow_imagecaption    = [[Disentis Abbey]]
 | municipality_type = municipality and village
 | imagepath_flag = CHE Disentis-Mustér Flag.svg
 | imagepath_coa = CHE Disentis Muster COA.svg
 | pixel_coa =
 | canton = Grisons
 | iso-code-region = CH-GR
 | district= [[Surselva Region|Surselva]]
 |coordinates          = {{coord|46|42|N|8|52|E|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code= 7180
 | municipality_code= 3982
 | area = 91.08
 | elevation = 1130 |elevation_description=Railway station
 | population= {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GR|3982}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}
 | website= disentis.ch
 | mayor= Francestg Cajacob|mayor_asof=01012013|mayor_party=
 | mayor_title= |list_of_mayors=
 | places=
 | demonym=
 | neighboring_municipalities= [[Linthal, Glarus|Linthal]] (GL), [[Medel (Lucmagn)]], [[Silenen]] (UR), [[Sumvitg]], [[Tujetsch]]
 | twintowns=
|}}
'''Mustér''' ({{Audio|roh-sursilvan-Mustér.ogg|[muˈʃteː]}}, [[Romansh language|Romansh]]) or '''Disentis''' (German), with its official name '''Disentis/Mustér''' is a village and a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Surselva Region]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Grisons]].

The skiing and summer tourism resort high up in the [[Rhine]] valley is the site of one of the oldest [[Disentis Abbey|Benedictine monasteries]] in Switzerland. The monastery dates back to 720, its huge current complex dates from 1696 to 1712.

==History==
[[File:KlosterkircheDissentisInnen.JPG|thumb|220px|left|Church of the monastery]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-Disentis-LBS H1-018197.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1954)]]
Disentis is first mentioned in 765 as ''Desertina''. In 1127 it was mentioned as ''monasterium Dissertinensis''.<ref name=HDS/> The name Disentis is supposed to come from Latin Desertina, used for the deserted valley in late antique times, while the Romansh name Mustér refers to the monastery.

Disentis Abbey, founded in ca. 720, was already in early medieval times the cultural and political center of the later Grisons. Situated on the road to the Lukmanier pass used by the German emperors on their way to Italy, Disentis became a place of international importance in the high Middle Ages and the prince abbot of Disentis was the lord of the Rhine valley. In the later Middle Ages, the farmer communities in the valleys became stronger and the influence of the monastery decreased, but the abbot of Disentis still played an important role in the founding of the [[Grey League]] in 1395.

When the Grey League became a formal ally of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederation]] in 1497, Disentis, at the foot of the Oberalp pass which was the nearest connection to the confederation, was again in a strategically important situation, but later on it was overtaken in importance by the larger [[Ilanz]].
[[File:Bahnhof Disentis-Muster.jpg|thumb|left|Disentis-Muster railway station]]

==Geography==
[[File:CHDisentis.jpg|thumb|Disentis town and church, showing settlement Clavaniev and [[Piz Ault]] in the background]]

Disentis/Mustér has an area, {{as of|2006|lc=on}}, of {{convert|91.1|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, 21.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (54.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).<ref name=SFSO/>

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Disentis sub-district of the Surselva district (which was, until the end of 2000, the Vorderrhein district). It is the largest of the seven municipalities that make up the Disentis sub-district and is the capital. It consists of the center village of Mustér-Vitg and the neighboring villages of Mompé-Tujetsch, Segnes, Acletta, Funs/Clavaniev, Disla, Cavardiras and Mompé-Medel. Except for the two Mompé villages, all the villages contain multiple scattered settlements. The settlement of Brulf near Disentis village was covered in a rockslide in 1689. Until 1963 Disentis/Mustér was known as Disentis/Mustèr.<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 September 2009</ref>

Disentis lies on the highest step of the Rhine valley, where the roads of the [[Oberalp pass]] coming from central and western Switzerland and of the [[Lukmanier pass]] coming from the [[Ticino]] meet. It has a [[Disentis/Mustér railway station|station]] where the [[Furka Oberalp Railway|line from Brig]] meets the [[Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér railway|line from Chur]] and is connected by train and road to the [[Valais]] via the Oberalp pass and to [[Chur]] following the Rhine valley. The Lukmanier pass road is in summer served by a post bus line.

== Culture ==
Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[Romansh language|Romansh]] (75.3%), with German being second most common (20.4%) and Portuguese third (1.4%).<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 02-Nov-2009</ref> The official language of the municipality is the [[Sursilvan]] dialect of Romansh. While Swiss German and German are spoken by most people as second and third languages respectively, the local laws are only in Romansh.

Disentis is one of the most important centers of the Romansh language, especially of its Sursilvan dialect. It also plays an important role as cultural center through the high school of the monastery.

== Tourism ==
[[File:Hiking Switzerland Disentis Graubünden.jpg|thumb|Disentis valley seen from southeast]]
Tourism started around 1870 and today Disentis is a resort offering {{convert|150|km|mi|sp=us}} of hiking trails in summer and {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} of cross country tracks in winter. For alpine skiers there are 6 [[ski lift]] up to 2833m.<ref>{{in lang|en}} [http://en.graubuenden.ch/ski-snowboard/the-large-ski-resorts/disentis.html skiing in Switzerland: Disentis, Graubünden]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There are 14 hotels and 21 restaurants, and together with neighbour municipality Sedrun, Disentis offers a total of 10,000 beds in hotels and holiday apartments.

===Heritage sites of national significance===
The ''[[Basilica]] of S. Gada'', ''Disentis Abbey'', the ''Chapel of S. Luzi'' in Disla, the ''Chapel of S. Maria'' in Acletta and the ''Punt Russein'' bridge (shared with [[Sumvitg]]) are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=1 May 2009 }} 21.11.2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 02-Nov-2009</ref>

<gallery>
File:KapelleAcletta.JPG|''Chapel of S. Maria'' in Acletta
File:AclettaInnen.JPG|''Chapel of S. Maria'' in Acletta, interior
File:Disentis Kloster.jpeg|Disentis Abbey
File:Sumvitg Russeinerbrücke.jpg|''Punt Russein'' bridge (shared with [[Sumvitg]])
File:Benediktinerabtei Disentis September 2019.jpg|Disentis Abbey, view from Via Lucmagn 
</gallery>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Disentis/Sedrun, elevation {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 2.6
| Feb high C = 3.5
| Mar high C = 7.6
| Apr high C = 11.4
| May high C = 15.7
| Jun high C = 19.9
| Jul high C = 21.7
| Aug high C = 21.1
| Sep high C = 16.8
| Oct high C = 12.8
| Nov high C = 6.8
| Dec high C = 3.2
| year high C = 11.9
| Jan mean C = -1.1
| Feb mean C = -0.8
| Mar mean C = 2.6
| Apr mean C = 6.3
| May mean C = 10.4
| Jun mean C = 14.0
| Jul mean C = 15.8
| Aug mean C = 15.5
| Sep mean C = 11.7
| Oct mean C = 8.0
| Nov mean C = 3.0
| Dec mean C = -0.2
| year mean C = 7.1
| Jan low C = -4.1
| Feb low C = -4.2
| Mar low C = -1.3
| Apr low C = 1.9
| May low C = 5.8
| Jun low C = 9.0
| Jul low C = 11.0
| Aug low C = 11.1
| Sep low C = 7.7
| Oct low C = 4.5
| Nov low C = 0.1
| Dec low C = -3.1
| year low C = 3.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 65.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 48.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 66.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 82.7
|May precipitation mm = 109.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 112.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 109.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 132.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 112.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 106.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 105.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 73.9
|year precipitation mm = 1125.5
| Jan snow cm = 81.1
| Feb snow cm = 71.3
| Mar snow cm = 54.6
| Apr snow cm = 37.9
| May snow cm = 9.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.8
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 1.0
| Oct snow cm = 11.6
| Nov snow cm = 51.0
| Dec snow cm = 63.4
| year snow cm = 381.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.5
| Feb precipitation days = 7.4
| Mar precipitation days = 8.5
| Apr precipitation days = 8.3
| May precipitation days = 11.5
| Jun precipitation days = 12.3
| Jul precipitation days = 11.8
| Aug precipitation days = 12.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.7
| Oct precipitation days = 9.0
| Nov precipitation days = 9.8
| Dec precipitation days = 9.1
| year precipitation days = 118.8
|unit snow days = 1.0&nbsp;cm
| Jan snow days = 10.2
| Feb snow days = 9.6
| Mar snow days = 8.2
| Apr snow days = 5.4
| May snow days = 1.1
| Jun snow days = 0.2
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 1.3
| Nov snow days = 6.9
| Dec snow days = 9.1
| year snow days = 52.1
| Jan humidity = 69
| Feb humidity = 68
| Mar humidity = 67
| Apr humidity = 65
| May humidity = 68
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 72
| year humidity = 71
|Jan sun = 85.8
|Feb sun = 96.1
|Mar sun = 137.3
|Apr sun = 141.4
|May sun = 148.9
|Jun sun = 172.9
|Jul sun = 197.2
|Aug sun = 183.4
|Sep sun = 154.9
|Oct sun = 117.7
|Nov sun = 74.6
|Dec sun = 71.9
|year sun = 1582.1
| Jan percentsun = 49
| Feb percentsun = 48
| Mar percentsun = 47
| Apr percentsun = 43
| May percentsun = 39
| Jun percentsun = 45
| Jul percentsun = 51
| Aug percentsun = 52
| Sep percentsun = 50
| Oct percentsun = 49
| Nov percentsun = 42
| Dec percentsun = 44
| year percentsun = 47
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241211092451/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Disentis_06782.csv
| archive-date = 11 December 2024
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Disentis_06782.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 11 December 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[MeteoSwiss]] (snow 1981–2010)<ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web 
| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np9120_e.pdf 
| title = Climate Normals Disentis (Reference period 1991−2020) 
| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss 
| access-date = 22 January 2022 
| archive-date = 15 January 2022 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043137/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np9120_e.pdf 
| url-status = dead 
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web 
| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np8110_e.pdf 
| title = Climate Normals Disentis (Reference period 1981−2010) 
| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss 
| access-date = 22 January 2022 
| archive-date = 15 January 2022 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043410/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np8110_e.pdf 
| url-status = dead 
}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
Disentis/Mustér has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3982}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}  {{as of|2008}}, 8.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.<ref name=Population/> Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -4.7%.<ref name=SFSO/>

{{as of|2000}}, the gender distribution of the population was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.<ref name=GR_Numbers>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx Graubunden in Numbers] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000647/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx |date=24 September 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref> The age distribution, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, in Disentis/Mustér is; 219 children or 10.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 343 teenagers or 15.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 207 people or 9.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 289 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 316 people or 14.5% are between 40 and 49, and 272 people or 12.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 215 people or 9.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 169 people or 7.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 113 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89 there are 29 people or 1.3% who are between 90 and 99.<ref name=Population>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx Graubunden Population Statistics] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827132227/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx |date=27 August 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref>

In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] which received 66.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (17.4%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (9.9%) and the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (5.3%).<ref name=SFSO/>

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Disentis/Mustér about 64.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

Disentis/Mustér has an unemployment rate of 0.79%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 107 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 341 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 29 businesses in this sector. 719 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 102 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>

The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1614|Disentis/Mustér}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! year
! population
|-
| 1850
| 1,260
|-
| 1900
|  1,359
|-
| 1950
|  2,330
|-
| 2000
|  2,172
|-
| 2010
|  2,111
|-
|}

==Religion==
From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 1,954 or 90.0% are [[Roman Catholic]], while 79 or 3.6% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. Of the rest of the population, there are 8 individuals (or about 0.37% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 5 individuals (or about 0.23% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 16 (or about 0.74% of the population) who are [[Islam]]ic. There are 6 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 42 (or about 1.93% of the population) belong to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 67 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=Population/>

==Transportation==
The municipality has four railway stations: {{rws|Disentis/Mustér}}, {{rws|Acla da Fontauna}}, {{rws|Segnas}}, and {{rws|Mumpé Tujetsch}}. The first of these is located at the junction of the [[Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér railway|Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér line]] and the [[Furka Oberalp Railway|Furka Oberalp line]], while the latter three are located to the west on the Furka Oberalp line. Between them there is regular service to {{rws|Scuol-Tarasp}}, {{rws|Zermatt}}, {{rws|Andermatt}}, and {{rws|St. Moritz}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Disentis/Mustér}}
*[http://www.disentis.ch Official webpage of the municipality Disentis/Mustér] {{in lang|de|rm}}
*{{HDS|1614|rm=1959}}

{{Municipalities of the Surselva Region}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disentis/Muster}}
[[Category:Disentis| ]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]