View source for Direct-shift gearbox

{{Short description|Type of dual-clutch transmission}}
{{about|the Volkswagen Group dual-clutch transmissions|dual-clutch transmissions in general|Dual-clutch transmission}}
{{transmission types}}
[[File:Mechatronics DSG DL 501.jpg|alt=DSG DL 501 Mechatronics|thumb|DSG DL 501]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
[[Image:VW DSG transmission DTMB.jpg|thumb|right|Part-[[cutaway drawing|cutaway view]] of the [[Volkswagen Group]] 6-speed direct-shift gearbox.  The [[concentric]] multi-plate clutches have been sectioned, along with the [[mechatronics]] module. This also shows the additional [[power take-off]] for distributing torque to the rear axle for [[four-wheel drive]] applications. ([[commons:File:VW DSG transmission DTMB.jpg|View this image with annotations]])]]
[[Image:Cambio a doppia frizione.svg|thumb|right|Schematic diagram of a dual-clutch gearbox:{{unbulleted list
| M: Motor
| A: Primary drive and driving shaft
| B: Dual clutch
| C: Driven shaft
| D: Layshaft, hollow, even gears
| E: Layshaft, odd gears
| F: Output
}}
]]

A '''direct-shift gearbox''' ('''DSG''', {{langx|de|Direktschaltgetriebe}}<ref>{{citation|title=Volkswagen Service Training Manual 308 - 02E 6-speed DSG}}</ref>)<ref name=VMS>{{cite press release|title=Volkswagen DSG - World's first dual-clutch gearbox in a production car |publisher=[[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen Group / Volkswagen AG]] |work=Volkswagen-Media-Services.com |date=22 November 2002 |url=https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg_-_world.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |access-date=30 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524093743/http://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg_-_world.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |archive-date=24 May 2006 }}</ref><ref name=AboutCars>{{cite web|title=Twin Clutch / Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG) - What it is, how it works|url=http://cars.about.com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/ag_howDSGworks.htm|work=Cars.About.com|access-date=27 October 2009|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075050/http://cars.about.com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/ag_howDSGworks.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an electronically controlled, [[dual-clutch transmission|dual-clutch]],<ref name=VMS/> multiple-shaft, [[automatic gearbox]], in either a [[transaxle]] or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated [[clutch]] operation, and with fully-automatic<ref name=VMS/> or semi-manual gear selection. The first dual-clutch transmissions were derived from [[Porsche]] in-house development for the [[Porsche 962]] in the 1980s.

In simple terms, a DSG automates two separate "manual" gearboxes (and clutches) contained within one housing and working as one unit.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsHow>{{cite web|title=How the Dual Clutch Transmission Works |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/widc_pg3a.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |year=2009 |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917055151/http://www.dctfacts.com/widc_pg3a.asp |archive-date=17 September 2009 }}</ref> It was designed by [[BorgWarner]] and is licensed to the [[Volkswagen Group]], with support by [[IAV|IAV GmbH]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} By using two independent clutches,<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> a DSG can achieve faster [[shift time]]s<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> and eliminates the [[torque converter]] of a conventional [[Epicyclic gearing|epicyclic]] [[automatic transmission]].<ref name=VMS/>

==Overview==

===Transverse DSG===
At the time of launch in 2003,<ref name=VMS/><ref name=VWAG7>{{cite web|title=The 7-speed DSG - the intelligent automatic gearbox from Volkswagen|publisher=[[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen Group / Volkswagen AG]]|work=VolkswagenAG.com|date=21 January 2008|url=http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2008/01/the_7speed_dsg.html|access-date=3 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216093140/http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2008/01/the_7speed_dsg.html|archive-date=16 December 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> it became the world's first automated dual-clutch transmission in a series-production car,<ref name=VMS/><ref name=VWAG7/> in the German-market [[Volkswagen Golf Mk4#R32|Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32]],<ref name=VMS/><ref name=VWAG7/> and shortly afterwards worldwide, in the original [[Audi TT]] 3.2.<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG>{{cite web|title=Volkswagen Group extends reach of dual clutch transmissions |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory6a.asp |work=DCTfacts.com |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |date=8 May 2009 |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104122004/http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory6a.asp |archive-date=4 November 2009 }}</ref> and the 2004+ New Beetle TDI. For the first few years of production, this original DSG transmission was only available in [[transverse engine|transversely]] oriented<ref name=VMS/> [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|front-engine]], [[front-wheel-drive]] and [[Haldex Traction]]-based [[four-wheel-drive]] [[automobile layout|vehicle layouts]]. All transverse DSG have an internal code starting with DQ (German: DSG quer, English: DSG transverse) and are coupled to the engine via a [[Dual-mass flywheel|dual-mass flywheel.]] 

'''DQ250'''

The first DSG transaxle that went into production for the Volkswagen Group mainstream marques had six forward speeds (and one reverse)<ref name="VWAG7" /><ref name="DCTfactsVWAG" /> and used wet/submerged multi-plate clutch packs<ref name="VMS" /> (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ250, parts code prefix: 02E, 0D9).<ref name="DCTfactsVWAG" /><ref name="ETKA">[[ETKA]]{{Clarify|date=April 2010|reason=This is not a proper reference citation.Use {{tl|Cite web}} or similar to provide source details.}}</ref> It has been paired to engines with up to {{convert|350|N·m|lbft|abbr=on}} of torque.<ref name="VWAG7" /><ref name="DCTfactsVWAG" /> The two-wheel-drive version weighs {{convert|93|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.  It is [[list of Volkswagen Group factories|manufactured at Volkswagen Group's]] [[Kassel]] plant,<ref name="VMS" /> with a daily production output of 1,500 units.<ref name="VWAG7" />

'''DQ200 and DQ200e'''

At the start of 2008, another world-first<ref name="VWAG7" /> {{convert|70|kg|lb|abbr=on}} seven-speed DSG transaxle<ref name="VWAG7" /> (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ200, parts code prefix: 0AM, 0CW)<ref name="ETKA" /><ref>{{citation|title=Volkswagen Service Training Manual 390 - 0AM 7-speed DSG}}</ref><ref name="DCTfactsGolfPlus">{{cite web|title=Golf Plus on the Road |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/otr_pg1.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |year=2009 |access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007172828/http://www.dctfacts.com/otr_pg1.asp |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref> became available.  It differs from the six-speed DSG, in that it uses two single-plate dry clutches (of similar diameter).<ref name="DCTfactsGolfPlus" /> This clutch pack was designed by LuK Clutch Systems, Gmbh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lukclutch.com/content.schaeffler_as.us/us/press/press-releases/press-details.jsp?id=2877676|title=LuK Dual Dry Clutch 7-Speed DSG Gearbox in volume production at Volkswagen|publisher=Schaeffler Group USA Inc., BÜHL, GERMANY|work=LuKclutch.com|date=13 February 2008|access-date=27 October 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> This seven-speed DSG is used in smaller [[front-wheel-drive]] cars with smaller-displacement engines with lower [[torque]] outputs,<ref name="VWAG7" /><ref name="DCTfactsVWAG" /><ref name="DCTfactsGolfPlus" /> such as the [[Volkswagen Golf Mk6]],<ref name="VWAG7" /><ref name="DCTfactsGolfPlus" /> [[Volkswagen Polo Mk5]],<ref name="DCTfactsGolfPlus" /> and the new [[SEAT Ibiza]].<ref name="DCTfactsVWAG" /> It has been paired to engines with up to {{convert|250|N·m|lbft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.volkswagen.com/en/innovation-and-technology/technical-glossary/7-gang-dsg-getriebe.html |title=7-Speed DSG Gearbox < Technical Glossary < Innovation & Technology < Volkswagen International |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917131838/http://en.volkswagen.com/en/innovation-and-technology/technical-glossary/7-gang-dsg-getriebe.html |archive-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> This new DQ200 uses just 1 litre of specialised DSG fluid for the hydraulics and 0.7 litres of gearbox oil.<ref name="VWAG7" /> In contrast, the DSG gearboxes with wet clutches use 7 litres (5.5 litres for a service) for both hydraulics and gearbox lubrication. 

The DQ200e (0CG, FWD, 73kg) appeared in the hybrid VW Jetta IV in 2013, coupled to a EA211 110kW 1.4 TSI engine. It is based on the DQ200, but was modified to accommodate components of the hybrid system. The clutch housing was extended by 83mm, allowing for an extra disengagement clutch and its hydraulics and the hybrid module. The hybrid module is mounted between the crankshaft and the dual-mass flywheel and will function as a motor-generator unit and starter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VW SSP 525 |url=https://www.vdveer-engineering.nl/en/information/vag-ssp/ssp-vag/ssp-vag-en/358-ssp-525-the-jetta-hybrid}}</ref>

'''DQ500'''

In September 2009, VW launched a new seven-speed DSG built to support up to {{convert|600|N·m|lbft|abbr=on}}, the DQ500 (parts code prefix 0BH, 0BT).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2010/01/dsg_the_new_dq500.html |title=Volkswagen Group DSG: The New DQ500 |access-date=28 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925161155/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2010/01/dsg_the_new_dq500.html |archive-date=25 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Like the DQ250, it features a wet multi-plate clutch pack. This gearbox premiered in the Transporter T5 2.0 TDI. It later became available in the Tiguan 2.0 TDI 4Motion, the BiTDI models of the VW Passat, VW Tiguan and Skoda Superb. It premiered in petrol-powered cars in the 2011 Audi RS3 8P as a 7-speed S-Tronic gearbox. It later appeared in other top sports editions cars like the [[Volkswagen Golf Mk8|VW Golf mk8 R]], the [[Volkswagen Arteon|Arteon R]] and [[Volkswagen Tiguan|Tiguan R]], coupled to a Magna torque-splitting rear differential to facilitate an all-wheel drive system. The two-wheel drive version weighs {{Convert|96|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}; the four-wheel drive version is {{Convert|3|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} heavier. 

'''DQ400e'''

The DQ250 was further developed into the DQ400e (prefix 0DD, FWD only, 128kg) for the plug-in hybrid models of the VW Group, debuting in July 2014 in the Golf mk7 GTE. It is combined with the 1.4 and 1.5 TSI engines. It is broadly used in the plug-in hybrids like the [[Golf gte|Golf GTE]] and [[Passat gte|Passat GTE]], the Arteon and Transporter T7 e-Hybrid and the equivalent versions of the Audi A3 and Audi Q3, Seat Leon and Skoda Octavia and Superb iV. The electric motor is included in the DSG assembly, between the combustion engine and the gearbox. Unlike the DQ200e, the flywheel is mounted to the engine. There are a total of three clutches on this DSG: two connecting the engine to the gearbox (K1, K2) and a disengagement clutch (K0) to connecting the electric drive to the engine. 

As per VW Self Study Programme 538: The disengagement clutch K0 is engaged:  

* When the electric drive motor V141 starts the combustion engine. 
* When the vehicle is being driven by the combustion engine. 
* When both power units drive the vehicle. 

The disengagement clutch K0 is disengaged when the vehicle is driven exclusively by the electric drive motor.

'''DQ380 and DQ381'''

The seven-speed DQ380 (prefix 0DE) appeared in 2015 for the Chinese market, i.e. in the VW Golf and VW Magotan. It is based on the DQ500, sharing many of its mechanical and electrical components like the mechatronic. It is lighter (85kg) and smaller, can handle torque up to 420Nm and is only available in front-wheel drive configuration. The DQ380 was produced in China. The addition of the seventh gear adds a 3gr/km of CO2 reduction compared to the DQ250.

The DQ380 was further developed into the DQ381 (prefix 0GC), to meet the requirements of the European market. It was introduced in 2017 and replaces the outgoing DQ250 worldwide. It saves up to 6gr/km of CO2 compared to the 0DE due to low friction bearings and seals and a new concept of its hydraulics. In contrary to the DQ380, which is front-wheel drive only, the DQ381 comes in both a front-wheel drive version DQ381-7F version and a DQ381-7A version, combined with a Haldex rear differential, to provide all-wheel drive. The only exception to this are cars with the electronic VAQ ({{Lang|de|'''V'''order '''A'''chse '''Q'''uersperre}}) differential; these front-wheel drive cars employ an all-wheel drive gearbox casing and differential to facilitate the VAQ system.  

===Audi longitudinal DSG===
In late 2008, an all-new seven-speed longitudinal<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/><ref name=DCTfactsAudi7>{{cite web|title=Inside Audi's premium DCT |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/indusIn_pg3.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |date=8 May 2009 |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012031721/http://www.dctfacts.com/indusIn_pg3.asp |archive-date=12 October 2009 }}</ref> '''S tronic'''<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> version of the DSG transaxle went into series production (Volkswagen Group internal code: DL501, parts code prefix: 0B5).<ref name=ETKA/> Initially, from early 2009, it is only used in certain [[Audi]] cars, and only with [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted engines]]. Like the original six-speed DSG, it features a [[concentric]] dual wet multi-plate clutch.<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> However, this particular variant uses notably more plates – the larger outer clutch (for the odd-numbered gears) uses 10 plates, whereas the smaller inner clutch (driving even-numbered gears and reverse) uses 12 plates.<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> Another notable change over the original transverse DSGs is the lubrication system<ref name=DCTfactsLubes>{{cite web|title=Special Transmissions Need Special Lubricants |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2a.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |year=2009 |access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406065635/http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2a.asp |archive-date=6 April 2009 }}</ref><ref name=dctSpecialLubes />  – Audi now utilise two totally separate oil circuits.<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> One oil circuit, consisting of {{convert|7.5|L|2}}, lubricates the hydraulic clutches and mechatronics with fully synthetic specialist [[automatic transmission fluid]] (ATF),<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> whilst the other oil circuit lubricates the gear trains and front and centre [[differential (mechanical device)|differentials]] with {{convert|4.3|L|2}} of conventional [[spiral bevel gear|hypoid]] [[gear oil]].<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> This dual circuit lubrication is aimed at increasing overall reliability, due to eliminating cross-contamination of debris and wear particles.<ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/> It has a torque handling limit of up to {{convert|600|N·m|lbft|abbr=on}},<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/> and engine power outputs of up to {{convert|330|kW|PS bhp|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/> It has a total mass, including all lubricants and the dual-mass flywheel of {{convert|141.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/>

This was initially available in their [[quattro (all wheel drive system)|quattro]] [[all-wheel-drive]] variants,<ref name=ETKA/> and is very similar to the new [[ZF Friedrichshafen]]-supplied<ref name=ZF_PDK>{{cite web|title=ZF 7-speed dual clutch transmission|url=http://www.zf.com/corporate/en/products/product_range/cars/cars_7_speed_dual_clutch_transmission.shtml|publisher=[[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF Friedrichshafen AG]]|work=ZF.com|access-date=28 October 2009|archive-date=27 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127040105/http://www.zf.com/corporate/en/products/product_range/cars/cars_7_speed_dual_clutch_transmission.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Porsche]] Doppel-Kupplung'' (PDK).<ref name=DCTfactsPorsche>{{cite web|title=Top 911 moves to industry-standard shift controls |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/lnws_pg12a.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |date=24 September 2009 |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016233534/http://www.dctfacts.com/lnws_pg12a.asp |archive-date=16 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Porsche Joins the DCT Set |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory3.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001073909/http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory3.asp |archive-date=1 October 2009 }}</ref>

== List of DSG variants ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Orientation
! Ratios
! Max. torque (N·m)
! Clutch type
!Comments
|-
| DQ200
| Transverse
| 7
| 250
| Dry
|7-speed DSG transmission (0AM/0CW) with dry clutches, mostly found on VAG-cars from 2007 till present day. With engine capacity between 1.0–1.6-litres. This DSG transmission is only available in front-wheel drive configurations.
|-
|DQ200e
|Transverse
|7
|400
|Dry
|7-speed DSG transmission (0CG) with dry clutches, found on the Volkswagen Jetta 1.4 TSI Hybrid. This DSG transmission is only available in front-wheel drive configurations. 
|-
| DQ250
| Transverse
| 6
| 400
| Wet
|6-speed DSG transmission (02E/0D9) with wet clutches, most found on VAG-cars from 2003 till 2020. It was phased out in favour of the more fuel-efficient and lighter DQ381. The DQ250 comes in a 6F variant for FWD and a -6A variant for AWD.
|-
| DQ380<ref name="DQ380">{{cite web|title=DQ380|url=http://auto.sina.com.cn/news/2014-11-06/15271355710.shtml|work=auto.sina.com.cn|access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref>
| Transverse
| 7
| 420
| Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutches (0DE), developed for the Chinese market Production started in 2015. This transmission is a lighter and smaller version of the DQ500, but slightly stronger than the DQ250. This DSG transmission is only available in front-wheel drive configurations. 
|-
| DQ381
| Transverse
| 7
| 420-430
| Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutches (0GC), introduced in 2017 as the successor of the DQ380, for the European market. From 2017 onwards it replaced the outgoing DQ250 gearboxes worldwide. The DQ381 comes in a -6F variant for FWD and a -6A variant for AWD.
|-
| DQ400e
| Transverse
| 6
| 400
| Wet
|6-speed DSG transmission with wet clutches (0DD), based on the DQ250. This DSG transmission is only available in front-wheel drive configurations. 
|-
| DQ500
| Transverse
| 7
| 600
| Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutches (0BT, 0BH), first introduced in the Transporter MY 2010 as a stronger DSG gearbox alongside the DQ250. The DQ500 comes in a -7F variant for FWD and a -7A variant for AWD.
|-
| DQ511
| Transverse
| 10
| 550
| Wet
|The DQ511 was a planned 10-speed DSG transmission. The project was cancelled citing cost and complexity issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1100071_vw-confirms-its-10-speed-dual-clutch-transmission-is-dead|title=VW confirms its 10-Speed dual-clutch transmission is dead|website=Motor Authority|language=en|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> 
|-
| DL382
| Longitudinal
| 7
| 500<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vwts.ru/audi_a6_4a_a7_4k.html|title=Фотоотчеты по ремонту Ауди А6, A7 - документация для Audi A6, A7 (4A)|website=vwts.ru|language=ru|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>
| Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutch. Used in the Audi [[Audi A4#B9 (Typ 8W; 2016–present)|A4]]/[[Audi A5#Second generation (2016–present)|A5]]/[[Audi A6|A6]]/[[Audi Q5#Second generation (2018-present)|Q5]] and Volkswagen [[Volkswagen Phideon|Phideon]]. Production started in 2015 with a 400Nm capacity, both front wheel drive variant DL382-7F and all wheel drive variant DL382-7Q are provided. The [[Quattro (four-wheel-drive system)#Ultra|Quattro Ultra]] all wheel drive version DL382-7A is introduced with Q5(typ FY).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://procarmanuals.com/vag-ssp-657-audi-q5-type-fy/|title=VAG SSP 657 - Audi Q5 (type FY) - Pdf Online Download|date=30 March 2018|website=ProCarManuals.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> Starting with Audi [[Audi A6#C8 (Typ 4K, 2018–present)|A6]]/[[Audi A7#Second generation (Type 4K8; 2018–present)|A7]](typ 4K), the high torque variant(up to 500Nm) named as DL382+ is introduced. 0CK and 0DN are codenames for DL382-7F, 0CL is for DL382-7Q, 0CJ and 0DP are for DL382-7A and 0HL is for DL382+-7A.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erwin.audiusa.com/erwin/showArticleProperties.do;jsessionid=A7A80ED2F5EE683AE2C1FE5A147615A0.ASTPERWUS01?articleId=174028|title=erWin Online {{!}} Audi of America {{!}} Document properties|website=erwin.audiusa.com|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vwts.ru/audi_a6_4a_a7_4k.html|title=Ремонт Ауди А6, A7 своими руками: документация, фотоотчеты для Audi A6, A7 (4A)|website=vwts.ru|language=ru|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> 
|-
| DL501
| Longitudinal
| 7
| 600
| Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutch. (Audi S-tronic)
|-
|DL800
|Longitudinal
|7
|
|Wet
|7-speed DSG transmission with wet clutch. Rarely used, only in the second generation Audi R8 (2015–present) and the Lamborghini Huracan. Manufactured by Graziano.
|-
|}

==Operational introduction==
The [[internal combustion engine]] drives two [[clutch]] packs.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> The outer clutch pack drives gears 1, 3, 5<ref name=VMS/> (and 7 when fitted), and reverse<ref name=VMS/> – the outer clutch pack has a larger diameter compared to the inner clutch, and can therefore handle greater torque loadings. The inner clutch pack drives gears 2, 4, and 6.<ref name=VMS/> Instead of a standard large dry single-plate clutch, each clutch pack for the six-speed DSG is a collection of four small wet interleaved clutch plates (similar to a [[motorcycle]] wet multi-plate clutch). Due to space constraints, the two clutch assemblies are [[concentric]], and the shafts within the gearbox are hollow and also concentric.<ref name=DCTfactsHow/> Because the alternate clutch pack's gear-sets can be pre-selected<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> (predictive shifts enabled via the unloaded section of the gearbox), un-powered time while shifting is avoided<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> because the transmission of torque is simply switched from one clutch-pack to the other.<ref name=VMS/> While the DSG has one of the fastest [[shift time]]s on the market, the claim that the DSG takes only about 8&nbsp;[[millisecond]]s to upshift is un-proven with 3-party data nor claimed by the manufacturer.

The variant of DSG fitted to [[PHEV|plug-in hybrid]] vehicles (such as the Golf/Passat GTE and the Audi A3 e-tron) also have a third clutch - its function is connect the electric motor to the combustion engine when both power sources are required simultaneously to propel the vehicle (the motor armature permanently turns with the input shaft of the transmission) - it also is engaged to [[Push start|bump start]] the combustion engine from the electric motor whenever the transmission is in the "N" position - this is due to the engine not having a conventional [[starter motor]].

===DSG controls===
The direct-shift gearbox uses a floor-mounted [[gear stick|transmission shift lever]], very similar to that of a conventional automatic transmission.<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> The lever is operated in a straight 'fore and aft' plane (without any '[[dog leg gearbox|dog-leg]]' offset movements), and uses an additional button to help prevent an inadvertent selection of an inappropriate shift lever position.

==== P ====
'''P''' position of the floor-mounted gear shift lever means that the transmission is set in [[parking pawl|park]].  Both [[clutch]] packs are fully disengaged, all [[gear train|gear-sets]] are disengaged, and a solid mechanical transmission lock is applied to the crown wheel of the DSG's internal [[differential (mechanical device)|differential]].  This position must only be used when the [[motor vehicle]] is [[:wikt:stationary|stationary]].  Furthermore, this is the position which must be set on the shift lever before the vehicle [[key (lock)#Car key|ignition key]] can be removed.

==== N ====
'''N''' position of the floor-mounted shift lever means that the transmission is in [[Transmission (mechanics)|neutral]]. Similar to '''P''' above, both clutch packs and all gear-sets are fully disengaged; however, the parking lock is also disengaged.

==== D mode====
Whilst the motor vehicle is stationary and in neutral ('''N'''), the [[driving|driver]] can select '''D''' for drive (after first pressing the foot [[brake]] [[automobile pedal|pedal]]). The transmission's outer clutch K2 engages at the ''start'' of the bite point, while on the alternate gear shaft the reverse gear clutch K1 is also selected.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/> The clutch pack for second gear (K2) gets ready to engage. When the driver releases the brake pedal, the K2 clutch clamping force is increased, allowing the transmission to drive the wheels. Depressing the [[throttle|accelerator]] pedal engages the clutch and causes an increase of forward vehicle speed. Pressing the throttle pedal to the floor (hard acceleration) will cause the gearbox to "kick down" to first gear to provide the acceleration associated with first, although there will be a slight hesitation while the gearbox deselects second gear and selects first gear. As the vehicle accelerates, the transmission's computer determines when the second gear (which is connected to the second clutch) should be fully used. Depending on the vehicle speed and amount of engine power being requested by the driver (determined by the position of the throttle pedal), the DSG then up-shifts. During this sequence, the DSG disengages the first outer clutch whilst simultaneously engaging the second inner clutch<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/> (all power from the engine is now going through the second shaft), thus completing the shift sequence. This sequence in a fraction of a second (aided by pre-selection), and can be performed without lifting off the throttle, resulting in minimal power loss.<ref name=VMS/>

Once the vehicle has completed the shift to second gear, the first gear is immediately de-selected, and third gear is pre-selected.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/> Once the time comes to shift into 3rd, the second clutch disengages and the first clutch re-engages.<ref name=VMS/> This sequence repeats through the gear changes.

Downshifting is similar to up-shifting but in reverse order. At 600&nbsp;milliseconds downshifting is necessarily slower, due to the engine's [[Electronic Control Unit]] (ECU) needing to 'blip' the throttle so that the engine [[crankshaft]] speed can match the appropriate gear shaft speed.<ref name=VMS/> A downshift occurs when the ECU senses the car slowing down, or when more power is required.

The actual shift points are determined by the DSG's transmission ECU, which controls a hydro-mechanical unit.<ref name=VMS/> The transmission ECU, combined with the hydro-mechanical unit, are collectively called a ''[[mechatronics]]''<ref name=VMS/> unit or module. Because the DSG's ECU uses [[fuzzy logic]], the operation of the DSG is said to be ''adaptive'';{{dubious|date=July 2013}} that is, the DSG will "learn" how the user drives the car, and will progressively tailor the shift points accordingly to suit the habits of the driver.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

In the vehicle instrument display, between the [[speedometer]] and [[tachometer]], the available shift-lever positions are shown, the current position of the shift-lever is highlighted (emboldened), and the current gear ratio in use is also displayed as a number.

Under "normal", progressive and linear [[acceleration]] and deceleration, the DSG shifts in a [[sequential gearbox|sequential]] manner; i.e., under acceleration: 1st → 2nd → 3rd → 4th → 5th → 6th, and the same sequence reversed for deceleration. However, the DSG can also skip the normal sequential method, by missing gears, and shift two or more gears.<ref name=AboutCars/> This is most apparent if the car is being driven at sedate speeds in one of the higher gears with a light throttle opening, and the accelerator pedal is then pressed down, engaging the ''[[kick-down]]'' function. During kick-down, the DSG will skip gears,<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> shifting directly to the most appropriate gear depending on speed and throttle opening. This kick-down may be engaged by any increased accelerator pedal opening, and is completely independent of the additional resistance to be found when the pedal is pressed fully to the floor, which will activate a similar kick-down function when in Manual operation mode. The seven-speed unit in the 2007 Audi variants will not automatically shift to 6th gear; rather, it stays at 5th to keep power available at a high RPM while cruising.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

When the floor-mounted gear selector lever is in position '''D''', the DSG works in fully automatic mode,<ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> with emphasis placed on gear shifts programmed to deliver maximum [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]].<ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> That means that shifts will change up and down very early in the rev-range. As an example, on the [[Volkswagen Golf Mk5#Mk5 GTI|Volkswagen Golf Mk5 GTI]], sixth gear will be engaged around {{convert|52|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, when initially using the DSG transmission with the default ECU adaptation; although with an "aggressive" or "sporty" driving style, the adaptive shift pattern will increase the vehicle speed at which sixth gear engages.

==== S mode ====
The floor selector lever also has an '''S''' position.<ref name=VMS/> When '''S''' is selected, sport mode<ref name=VMS/> is activated in the DSG. Sport mode still functions as a fully automatic mode,<ref name=AboutCars/> identical in operation to '''D''' mode, but upshifts and downshifts are made much higher up the engine rev-range.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> This aids a more sporty driving manner,<ref name=VMS/> by utilising considerably more of the available [[Power (physics)|engine power]], and also maximising [[engine braking]]. However, this mode does have a detrimental effect on the vehicle [[fuel consumption]], when compared to '''D''' mode. This mode may not be ideal to use when wanting to drive in a sedate manner; nor when road conditions are very slippery, due to ice, snow or torrential rain – because loss of tire traction may be experienced (wheel spin during acceleration, and may also result in road wheel locking during downshifts at high engine rpms under closed throttle). On 4motion or quattro-equipped vehicles this may be partially offset by the drivetrain maintaining full-time engagement of the rear differential in S mode, so power distribution under loss of front-wheel traction may be marginally improved.

'''S''' is highlighted in the instrument display, and like '''D''' mode, the currently used gear ratio is also displayed as a number.

==== R ====
'''R''' position of the floor-mounted shift lever means that the transmission is in reverse.  This functions in a similar way to '''D''', but there is just one reverse gear. When selected, '''R''' is highlighted in the instrument display.

====Manual mode====
Additionally, the floor shift lever also has another plane of operation, for '''manual'''<ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> mode, with spring-loaded '''+''' and '''−''' positions. This plane is selected by moving the stick away from the driver (in vehicles with the driver's seat on the right, the lever is pushed to the left, and in [[left-hand drive]] cars, the stick is pushed to the right) when in '''D''' mode only. When this plane is selected, the DSG can now be controlled like a [[manual transmission|manual gearbox]], albeit only under a [[sequential manual transmission|sequential shift pattern]].

In most (VW) applications, the readout in the instrument display changes to '''6 5 4 3 2 1''', and just like the automatic modes, the currently used gear ratio is highlighted or emboldened. In other versions (e.g., on the Audi TT) the display shows just '''M''' followed by the gear currently selected; e.g., '''M1''', '''M2''', etc.

To change up a gear, the lever is pushed forward (against a spring pressure) towards the '''+''', and to change down, the lever is pulled rearward towards the '''−'''. The DSG transmission can now be operated with the gear changes being (primarily) determined by the driver. This method of operation is commonly called ''[[tiptronic]]''.<ref name=VMS/> In the interests of engine preservation, when accelerating in Manual/tiptronic mode, the DSG will still automatically change up just before the [[redline]], and when decelerating, it will change down automatically at very low revs, just before the engine [[idle speed]] (tick-over). Furthermore, if the driver calls for a gear when it is not appropriate (e.g., requesting a downshift when engine speed is near the redline) the DSG will not change to the driver's requested gear.<ref name=AboutCars/>

Current variants of the DSG will still downshift to the lowest possible gear ratio when the [[kick-down]] button is activated during full throttle whilst in manual mode. In Manual mode this kick-down is only activated by an additional button at the bottom of the accelerator pedal travel; unless this is pressed the DSG will not downshift, and will simply perform a full-throttle acceleration in whatever gear was previously being utilised.

=====Paddle shifters=====
Initially{{when|date=January 2022}} available on certain{{example needed|date=January 2022}} high-powered{{quantify|date=January 2022}} cars, and those with a "sporty"{{explain|date=January 2022}} trim level—such as those using the 2.0&nbsp;[[turbocharger|T]] [[gasoline direct injection|FSI]] and 3.2/3.6&nbsp;[[VR6 engine|VR6]] engines<ref name=VMS/>—[[steering wheel]]-mounted '''paddle shifters'''<ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> were available. However, these are now being offered (either as a standard inclusive fitment, or as a factory optional extra) on virtually all DSG-equipped cars, throughout all model ranges, including lesser power output applications, such as the 105&nbsp;PS [[Volkswagen Golf Mk5#Golf Plus|Volkswagen Golf Plus]].<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/>

These operate in an identical manner as the floor mounted shift lever when it is placed across the gate in manual mode. The paddle shifters have two distinct advantages: the driver can safely keep both hands on the steering wheel when using the Manual/tiptronic mode; and the driver can temporarily [[manual override|manually override]] either of the automatic programmes ('''D''' or '''S'''),<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> and gain instant manual control of the DSG transmission<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> (within the [[#Manual mode|above]] described constraints).

If the paddle-shift activated manual override of one of the automatic modes ('''D''' or '''S''') is used intermittently the DSG transmission will default back to the previously selected automatic mode after a predetermined duration of inactivity of the paddles, or when the vehicle becomes stationary. Alternatively, should the driver wish to immediately revert to fully automatic control, this can be done by activating and holding the '''+''' paddle<ref name=DCTfactsGolfPlus/> for at least two seconds.

== Advantages and disadvantages ==

=== Advantages ===
*Better fuel economy<ref name=VMS/><ref name=VWAG7/> (up to 15% improvement) than conventional planetary geared automatic transmission (due to lower parasitic losses from oil churning)<ref name=DCTfactsHow/> and for some models with manual transmissions;<ref name=VMS/>
*No loss of torque through the transmission from the engine to the driving wheels during up-shifts;<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/>
*Short up-[[shift time]] when shifting to a gear the alternate gear shaft has preselected;
*Smooth gear-shift operations;<ref name=DCTfactsHow/>
*Consistent down-shift time of 600&nbsp;milliseconds, regardless of throttle or operational mode;

=== Disadvantages ===
*The clutch pack mechanisms have a limited lifespan, due to excessive slippage in low-speed conditions such as stop-and-go traffic; 
*Marginally worse mechanical efficiency compared to a conventional manual transmission, especially on wet-clutch variants due to electronics and hydraulic systems;<ref name="DCTfactsHow" />
*Expensive specialist transmission fluids/lubricants with dedicated additives are required, which need regular changes;<ref name=DCTfactsLubes/><ref name=dctSpecialLubes>{{cite web|title=Special Transmissions Need Special Lubricants |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/information/special-lubricants.aspx |work=DCTFacts.com |access-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325153848/http://www.dctfacts.com/information/special-lubricants.aspx |archive-date=25 March 2011 }}</ref>
*Relatively expensive to manufacture,{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} and therefore increases new vehicle purchase price;
*Relatively lengthy shift time when shifting to a gear ratio which the transmission control unit did not anticipate (around 1100&nbsp;ms, depending on the situation);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/news/how-dual-clutch-transmissions-work-5458.html|title=How Dual-Clutch Transmissions Work|publisher=SoftNews NET|work=AutoEvolution.com|date=31 March 2009|access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref>
*Torque handling capability constraints impose a limit on after-market engine tuning modifications (though many tuners and users may exceed the official torque limits notwithstanding); (Later variants have been fitted to more powerful cars, such as the 300&nbsp;bhp/350&nbsp;Nm VW&nbsp;R36 and the 272&nbsp;bhp/350&nbsp;Nm Audi&nbsp;TTS.)
*Heavier than a comparable [[Getrag]] conventional manual transmission ({{convert|75|kg|lb|abbr=on}} vs. {{convert|47.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}});

==Applications==
{{For|applications of similar transmissions in other vehicles beyond [[Volkswagen Group]]s '''DSG''' and '''S tronic'''|Dual-clutch transmission}}
[[Volkswagen Group]] vehicles with the DSG gearbox include:<ref name=ETKA/>

===Audi===
After originally using the ''DSG'' moniker, Audi subsequently renamed their direct-shift gearbox to ''S tronic''.
*[[Audi TT]]
*[[Audi A1]]
*[[Audi A3]]
*[[Audi S3]]
*[[Audi A4#B8|Audi A4 (B8)]]<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/><ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/>
*[[Audi A4#B9|Audi A4 (B9)]]
*[[Audi S4#B8|Audi S4 (B8)]]<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/><ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/>
*[[Audi S5#B8|Audi S5 (B8)]]<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/><ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/>
*[[Audi A5]]
*[[Audi A6]]
*[[Audi S6 (C7)]]
*[[Audi A7]]
*[[Audi A8#D4|Audi A8 (D4)]]
*[[Audi Q2]]
*[[Audi Q3]]
*[[Audi Q5]]<ref name=DCTfactsVWAG/><ref name=DCTfactsAudi7/>
*[[Audi R8#2012 update (Facelift)|Audi R8]] facelift

===Bugatti===
*[[Bugatti Veyron|Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4]]<ref name=VWAG7/> (developed by [[Ricardo Consulting Engineers|Ricardo]]<ref name=DCTfactsRicardo>{{cite web|title=Ricardo Extends DCT Production for Open-top Bugatti |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2b.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |date=16 January 2009 |access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227162623/http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2b.asp |archive-date=27 February 2009 }}</ref> rather than Borg Warner)
*[[Bugatti Chiron]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://carbuzz.com/cars/bugatti/chiron/specs-and-trims|title = Bugatti Chiron Trims & Specs}}</ref>

===Lamborghini===
*[[Lamborghini Huracan]]

===SEAT===
*[[SEAT Ibiza]]
*[[SEAT Arona]]
*[[SEAT León]]
*[[SEAT Altea]]
*[[SEAT Toledo]]
*[[SEAT Alhambra]]
*[[SEAT Ateca]]
*[[SEAT Tarraco]]

===Škoda===
*[[Škoda Fabia#5J|Škoda Fabia]]
*[[Škoda Kodiaq]]
*[[Škoda Karoq]] (in Australia it replaced with 8-speed sourced from [[AWF8F35|Aisin]])
*[[Škoda Kamiq]] (except China market)
*[[Škoda Octavia]]
*[[Škoda Rapid (2012)]]
*[[Škoda Roomster]]
*[[Škoda Superb]] (MK2 & MK3)
*[[Škoda Yeti]]
*[[Škoda Scala]]
*[[Škoda Kushaq]]
*[[Škoda Slavia]]

===Volkswagen ===
*[[Volkswagen Vento]]
*[[Volkswagen Santana]]
*[[Volkswagen Bora (China)]]
*[[Volkswagen Polo]] (paired with 6-speed TC automatic in some markets) 
*[[Volkswagen Virtus]]
*[[Volkswagen Golf|Volkswagen Golf, GTI, GTD, GTE, TDI, R32, R]]<ref name=VMS/><ref name=VWAG7/>
*[[Volkswagen Jetta]] (TDI and GLI)
*[[Volkswagen Eos]]
*[[Volkswagen Touran]]<ref name=VWAG7/>
*[[Volkswagen New Beetle]]
*[[Volkswagen Lamando]]
*[[Volkswagen Passat]] and [[Volkswagen Passat (NMS)|Passat (NMS)]] (China & US first generation)
*[[Volkswagen CC]]
*[[Volkswagen Arteon]] (In the US, MY22+ only)
*[[Volkswagen Sharan#Second generation .282010-.29|Volkswagen Sharan]]
*[[Volkswagen Viloran]]
*[[Volkswagen Scirocco#3rd generation|Volkswagen Scirocco]]
*[[Volkswagen T-Cross]]
*[[Volkswagen T-Roc]]
*[[Volkswagen Taigun]]
*[[Volkswagen Taos]] (China FWD & US AWD)
*[[Volkswagen Tayron]]
*[[Volkswagen Tiguan]] (except US market)
*[[Volkswagen Teramont]] (China)

===Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles===
*[[Volkswagen Caddy]] car-derived van
*[[Volkswagen Transporter]] (T5 & T6)

==Problems and recalls of DSG-equipped vehicles==
The 7-speed DQ200 and 6-speed DQ250 gearboxes sometimes suffer from power-loss (gear disengaging) due to [[short-circuit]]ing of wires caused by a build-up of sulphur in the transmission oil.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/executive-living/volkswagen-in-damage-limitation-mode-after-recalls/story-fngmee2f-1226664115767 | work=The Australian | title=Volkswagen in damage limitation mode after recalls | date=15 June 2013}}</ref>

===United States===
In August 2009, Volkswagen of America issued two recalls of DSG-equipped vehicles. The first involved 13,500 vehicles,<ref name=NYT13>{{cite news|title=VW DSG Transmission Problem Leads to Recall|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/vw-dsg-transmission-problem-leads-to-recall/|work=wheels.blogs.nytimes.com|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=21 August 2009|access-date=30 November 2009 | first=Christopher | last=Jensen}}</ref> and was to address unplanned shifts to the neutral gear,<ref name=NYT13/> while the second involved similar problems (by then attributed to faulty temperature sensors) and applied to 53,300 vehicles.<ref name=NYT13/><ref name=NYT53>{{cite news|title=VW Has More Problems With Its DSG Transmission|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/vw-has-more-problems-with-its-dsg-transmission/|work=wheels.blogs.nytimes.com|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=28 August 2009|access-date=30 November 2009 | first=Richard S. | last=Chang}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Volkswagen will repair DSG transmissions on 53,300 vehicles|url=http://blog.caranddriver.com/volkswagen-will-repair-dsg-transmissions-on-53300-vehicles/|publisher=Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc.|work=Blog.CarAndDriver.com|date=28 August 2009|access-date=27 October 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719082849/http://blog.caranddriver.com/volkswagen-will-repair-dsg-transmissions-on-53300-vehicles/|url-status=dead}}</ref> These recalls arose as a result of investigations carried out by the US [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA),<ref name=NHTSA>{{cite web |url= http://nhthqnwws112.odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/docservlet/Artemis/Public/Pursuits/2009/PE/INOA-PE09035-36241.pdf |title= ODI Resume - Volkswagen of America, Inc., 2008-2009 Volkswagen EOS, GTI, Jetta and R32 with DSG transmission |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035235/http://nhthqnwws112.odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/docservlet/Artemis/Public/Pursuits/2009/PE/INOA-PE09035-36241.pdf |archive-date= 21 July 2011 |df= dmy-all }}, [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]], Retrieved 30 November 2009. ''The direct shift gearbox can malfunction at any speed and cause the vehicle to lose motive power suddenly and without warning''</ref> where owners reported to the NHTSA a loss of power whilst driving.<ref name=NYT13/> This investigation preliminary found only 2008 and 2009 [[model year]] vehicles as being affected.<ref name=NYT13/><ref name=NHTSA/>

===Australia===
In November 2009, Volkswagen recalled certain Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy models equipped with 6-speed DQ250 DSG transmission because the gearbox may read the clutch temperature incorrectly, which leads to clutch protection mode, causing a loss of power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recalls.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/1048814 |title=Volkswagen—Volkswagen Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy Vehicles |date=3 November 2009 }}</ref>

===China===
Since 2009 there have been widespread concerns from Chinese consumers particularly among the online community, who expressed that Volkswagen has failed to respond to complaints about defects in its DSG-equipped vehicles. Typical issues associated with 6-speed DSG include abnormal noise and inability to change gear; while issues associated with 7-speed DSG include abnormal noise, excessive shift shock, abnormal increase in engine [[revolutions per minute|RPM]], flashing gear indicator on the dashboard as well as inability to shift to even-numbered gears.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} In March 2012 China's quality watchdog the [[General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine]] (AQSIQ) said that it had been in contact with Volkswagen (China) and urged the carmaker to probe the issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2012-03/14/content_14835905.htm|title=VW urged to probe DSG defects, recall possible|publisher=[[China Daily]]|access-date=5 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/vw-criticised-for-ignoring-dsg-gearbox-customer-complaints_id121552.aspx|title=VW urged to probe DSG defects, recall possible|date=22 March 2012|publisher=just-auto.com|access-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> In a survey held by Gasgoo.com (China) of 2,937 industry experts and insiders, 83% of respondents believed that the carmaker should consider a full vehicle recall.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/commentary/analysis-industry-viewpoints-on-vw-s-chinese-dsg-120317.shtml |publisher=Gasgoo |title=Analysis: Industry viewpoints on VW's Chinese DSG gearbox controversy |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917154531/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/commentary/analysis-industry-viewpoints-on-vw-s-chinese-dsg-120317.shtml |archive-date=17 September 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> In March 2012 [[Volkswagen Group China]] admitted that there could be an issue in its seven-speed DSG gearboxes that may affect approximately 500,000 vehicles from its various subsidiaries in China.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/vw-issues-software-upgrade-to-resolve-gearbox-prob-120313.shtml |publisher=Gasgoo |title=VW issues software upgrade to resolve gearbox problems, shies away from recall |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317122550/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/vw-issues-software-upgrade-to-resolve-gearbox-prob-120313.shtml |archive-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> A software upgrade has since been offered for the affected vehicles in an attempt to repair the problem.

According to 163.com – one of China's most popular web portals – in March 2012 about a quarter of the complaints about problems found in cars in China's automotive market were made against DSG-equipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://auto.163.com/12/0331/15/7TUFFTKV00084P3B_2.html|title=大众DSG投诉居首 3月投诉平台数据分析|publisher=163.com|language=zh|access-date=6 April 2012}}</ref> The top five models that dominate those complaints were:
* [[Volkswagen Magotan]] – 6%
* [[Volkswagen Bora]] – 5.3%
* [[Volkswagen Sagitar]] – 5.3%
* [[Volkswagen Touareg]] – 4.7%
* [[Volkswagen Golf]] – 4%

The Touareg has never been fitted with a DSG transmission.

On 15 March 2013, [[China Central Television]] aired a program for the [[World Consumer Rights Day]]. The program criticized the issue associated with DSG-equipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen. On 17 March 2013 [[Volkswagen Group China]] announced on its official Weibo that it will voluntarily recall vehicles equipped with DSG boxes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://auto.qq.com/a/20130316/000003.htm|title=315曝光大众汽车DSG问题 大众中国回应|publisher=qq.com|language=zh|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> Some sources have estimated the failure rate of DSG-equipped vehicles sold in China to be greater than 20,000 per million sold.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}

===Sweden===
VW Sweden stopped selling the Passat EcoFuel DSG as a taxi after many cars had problems with the 7 speed DSG gearbox. They instead offered the Touran EcoFuel DSG, which uses an updated version of the same DSG gearbox.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teknikensvarld.se/2012/12/29/37192/volkswagen-passat-slut-som-taxi/ |title=Volkswagen Passat slut som taxi – DSG-lådan är problemet &#124; Konsument &#124; Teknikens Värld |access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329012525/http://www.teknikensvarld.se/2012/12/29/37192/volkswagen-passat-slut-som-taxi/ |archive-date=29 March 2013 |df=dmy-all }} - - Volkswagen Passat slut som taxi</ref>

===Japan===
The recall has been extended to Japan with 91,000 (VW and Audi using the same DSG) being recalled.<ref>{{cite news|title=Volkswagen recall extended.|url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/volkswagen-recall-extended-20130513-2jhon.html|work=[[Drive.com.au]]|publisher=[[Fairfax Media]]|date=13 May 2013|access-date=13 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608013704/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/volkswagen-recall-extended-20130513-2jhon.html|archive-date=8 June 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Malaysia===
13 days after the Singapore recall, Volkswagen Malaysia also announced a recall for the 7-speed DSG. No official statement was released by the company, but it was stated that a total of 3,962 were involved in the unit recall exercise – units produced between June 2010 and June 2011, with affected vehicles being Golf, Polo, Scirocco, Cross Touran, Passat and Jetta models equipped with the transmission.<ref>{{cite news|title=VW Malaysia joins recall of 7-speed DSG cars|url=http://ride.asiaone.com/news/general/story/vw-malaysia-joins-recall-7-speed-dsg-cars|work=Volkswagen Malaysia|publisher=[[Asiaone]]|date=12 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625031618/http://ride.asiaone.com/news/general/story/vw-malaysia-joins-recall-7-speed-dsg-cars|archive-date=25 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Australian recall===
15 October 2019, Australia recall of DSG 7-speed gearboxes.
Due to a production fault, over time a crack in the transmissions pressure accumulator can occur.
If the pressure accumulator cracks, oil and pressure is lost in the hydraulic system of the gearbox. As a result, the transmission of engine power via the gearbox is interrupted. The experience of this symptom would be comparable to depressing the clutch in a vehicle fitted with a manual transmission. This could increase the likelihood of an accident affecting the occupants of the vehicle and other road users.<ref>[https://www.productsafety.gov.au/recall/volkswagen-group-australia-volkswagen-golf-my2009-2015-jetta-my2009-2015-beetle-my2013-2015-passat-my2010-2015-polo-my2010-2015-caddy-my2011-2015 Volkswagen Group Australia — Volkswagen Golf MY2009-2015, Jetta MY2009-2015, Beetle MY2013-2015, Passat MY2010-2015, Polo MY2010-2015 & Caddy MY2011-2015] 15 October 2019 ''www.productsafety.gov.au'', accessed 29 December 2019</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of ZF transmissions]]
*[[List of Aisin transmissions]]
*[[List of GM transmissions]]
*[[List of Ford transmissions]]
*[[Automated manual transmission]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104084355/http://www.dctfacts.com/ Dual Clutch Transmission - DCT Facts] (not implemented yet)

===Official links===
*[http://www.VolkswagenAG.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/homepage.html Volkswagen AG corporate website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109002650/http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/homepage.html |date=9 January 2011 }}

===Independent links===
*[http://www.worldcarfans.com/204030112966/vw-dsg-transmission Pictures and diagrams of DQ250 DSG] at WorldCarFans.com.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090421130302/http://www.myturbodiesel.com/1000q/dsg_faq.htm Reviews, videos, and explanation of DSG transmission]
*[http://www.vwvortex.com/artman/publish/article_317.shtml First Drive: Audi TT 3.2 DSG] review at VWvortex.com.
*[http://www.just-auto.com/features_detail.asp?art=1171 European interest in dual clutch technology shifts up a gear], an informative article from Just-Auto.com.
*[http://www.selmec.org.uk/article_0004_computer_controlled_dsg_transmission.aspx Computer-controlled Meccano model of a DSG Transmission] by Alan Wenbourne of the South East London Meccano Club (SELMEC).
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUdc48RH9OE Video of Alan Wenbourne's Meccano DSG in operation] at YouTube.com.

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[[Category:Dual-clutch transmissions]]
[[Category:Borg-Warner transmissions]]
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