View source for Dettmar Cramer

{{Short description|German football manager (1925–2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Dettmar Cramer
| image = Dettmar Cramer (cropped).jpg
| caption = Cramer in 1963
| height = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|4|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dortmund]], Germany
| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|9|17|1925|4|4|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Reit im Winkl]], Germany
| position = 
| manageryears1 = 1960–1963
| managerclubs1 = [[Japan national football team|Japan]] (technical advisor)
| manageryears2 = 1964–1966
| managerclubs2 = [[Germany national football team|West Germany]] (assistant)
| manageryears3 = 1971–1974
| managerclubs3 = [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]
| manageryears4 = 1974
| managerclubs4 = [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]]
| manageryears5 = 1974
| managerclubs5 = [[Hertha BSC]]
| manageryears6 = 1975–1977
| managerclubs6 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]
| manageryears7 = 1977–1978
| managerclubs7 = [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]
| manageryears8 = 1978–1981
| managerclubs8 = [[Al-Ittihad (Jeddah)|Al-Ittihad]]
| manageryears9 = 1981–1982
| managerclubs9 = [[Aris Thessaloniki F.C.|Aris Thessaloniki]]
| manageryears10 = 1982–1985
| managerclubs10 = [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]
| manageryears11 = 1984–1985
| managerclubs11 = [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia]]
| manageryears12 = 1991–1992
| managerclubs12 = [[South Korea national under-23 football team|South Korea U-23]] (technical advisor)
| manageryears13 = 1997
| managerclubs13 = [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]]
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|EGY}}}} <small>(as manager)</small>
{{MedalCompetition|[[African Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Football at the 1973 All-Africa Games|1973]]|}}
{{Medal|Comp|[[Africa Cup of Nations]]}}
{{Medal|3rd|[[1974 Africa Cup of Nations|1974]]|}}
}}

'''Dettmar Cramer''' (4 April 1925 – 17 September 2015) was a German [[association football|football]] manager who led [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] to the [[1974–75 European Cup|1975]] and [[1975–76 European Cup|1976]] [[UEFA Champions League|European Cups]]. He was born in [[Dortmund]]. Cramer is commonly considered to be the father of modern football in Japan and was a member of the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]], 3rd Class. He coached the [[Egypt national football team]] and also briefly coached the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States national team]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian National Team Coaches |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/egy-coach-triv.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref>

==Career==

[[File:Ryuichi Sugiyama and Dettmar Cramer 1964.jpg|thumb|[[Ryuichi Sugiyama]] and Cramer at the [[1964 Olympics]]]]

Known as the "Football Professor",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/federation-declares-pk-banerjees-birthday-as-aiff-grassroots-day|title=Federation declares PK Banerjee's birth anniversary as AIFF Grassroots Day|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=12 May 2023|access-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512143401/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/federation-declares-pk-banerjees-birthday-as-aiff-grassroots-day|archive-date=12 May 2023|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|location=New Delhi}}</ref> because of his attention to detail and also as "[[Napoleon]]" because of his diminutive 1.61 meter stature, Cramer began his career at Viktoria Dortmund and [[Germania Wiesbaden]]. The beginning of his managerial career led him to clubs such as [[SV Lippstadt 08|Teutonia Lippstadt]], VfL Geseke, [[SC Paderborn 07|FC Paderborn]], and TuS Eving-Lindenhorst. At the turn of the year 1948–49, Cramer found himself in the service of the [[German Football Association]] (DFB) for the first time. Until 1963 he served with the designation as Head Coach for Western Germany under the DFB in [[Duisburg]].

Little known, Cramer attempted to make the jump into a career in journalism at this point. He became lead editor for sports for [[West Germany|West German]] television station [[ZDF]]. Feeling largely isolated from the football world, Cramer decided to call it quits after only six months on the job. Afterward he was sent by the DFB to Japan to serve as a football instructor.

In order to strengthen its national team ahead of the [[1964 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympic Games]] four years later, the [[Japan Football Association]] had the idea in 1960 of bringing in a foreign professional coach. Cramer was ultimately selected for this role. Through Cramer's coaching and leadership, and the efforts of his players, the [[Japan national football team|Japan national team]] achieved a surprise upset over [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] at the Tokyo Olympics. The significance of this result was not lost on Cramer who saw it as a confirmation that Japanese football was vastly improving. Cramer's efforts were not limited to the national team, as he also formulated and implemented policies for general development. The foundation of a first national league, the training of other coaches, and the strengthening of the national team would all contribute to Japan's success at the [[1968 Summer Olympics|Mexico City Olympics]] four years later, where Japan would take home the bronze medal.

On 1 January 1964, Cramer returned to West Germany to serve as an assistant to West Germany national coach [[Helmut Schön]]. In this capacity he was a part of the coaching staff at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|World Cup in 1966]], where [[West Germany national football team|West Germany]] lost in the final to England. His talents were highly regarded by [[FIFA]] (Federation Internationale de Football Association), which contracted him as a coach from 1967 to 1974 and sent him on a tour of the globe. During this time, Cramer also ran the 1st FIFA Coaching Course in Japan in 1969, and sowed the seeds for a coach training structure in Japan. Additionally, on 1 August 1974, Cramer was selected by the [[United States Soccer Federation]] to become the head coach of the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States national team]].

During his time in national team service, Cramer received numerous coaching offers from West German clubs in the [[Bundesliga]], although he consistently turned them down. Then, on 16 January 1975, he took over the reins as manager of West German giants [[FC Bayern Munich]]. At the beginning, Cramer faced heavy criticism in [[Munich]], mostly because of his passive management style. With rumors of a sacking swirling around Cramer, he was strongly backed by team captain [[Franz Beckenbauer]], who felt indebted to him because of his insistence that Beckenbauer be allowed to join the [[Germany under-19 national football team|West Germany U19 national team]] after initially being banned for impregnating a girl out of wedlock; He served as best man at Beckenbauer's wedding in 1966.

Cramer led Bayern to victory in the 1975 and 1976 [[UEFA Champions League|European Champions Cup]], in addition to capturing the [[1976 Intercontinental Cup]]. The 1976 Bundesliga season, however, saw Bayern unable to recapture their form and, after a season that saw them fail to defend their domestic title, Cramer was forced to resign his position. Cramer was involved in a trade between Bayern and [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], which saw him take the top spot at Frankfurt, while Frankfurt coach [[Gyula Lóránt]] made his way to Bayern. Neither club was happy with the trade, as Bayern finished a club worst 12th in the table, while Frankfurt's results were mediocre at best. As a result, the club parted ways with him on 30 June 1978.

Not until the 1982–83 season did Cramer find himself employed in the Bundesliga again, this time with club [[Bayer Leverkusen]]. At Leverkusen he managed to lead the club to their first top 9 finish in the league during his second year in charge. Failure to build on that accomplishment led to his dismissal after his third season in charge. Never to coach in the Bundesliga again, Cramer instead found coaching positions with various international clubs and associations around the world. In 2002 Cramer officially announced his retirement from football. In 2005, he was inducted into the Japan Football Hall of Fame.

==Personal life==

Cramer served in [[World War II]] as a [[Oberleutnant|Senior Lieutenant]] with a German [[Fallschirmjäger|paratrooper]] division.  For his international achievements, Cramer was awarded two honorary doctorates in addition to being presented with the [[Federal Cross of Merit|Bundesverdienstkreuz]] (Federal Cross of Merit) in Germany. In 1971, [[Emperor Hirohito]] also personally presented him with membership in the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]] for his service to Japan. Furthermore, Cramer was an honorary chieftain in the Native American [[Sioux]] and [[Mohican]] tribes. Cramer died at the age of 90 on 17 September 2015.<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/german-bundesliga/story/2618710/bayern-munich-lead-tributes-after-coach-dettmar-cramer-dies Bayern Munich lead tributes after coach Dettmar Cramer dies aged 90]</ref>

==Honours==

;Egypt
* [[Palestine Cup of Nations]]: [[1972 Palestine Cup of Nations|1972]]
* [[African Games]] [[bronze medal]]: [[Football at the 1973 All-Africa Games|1973]]
* [[Africa Cup of Nations]] third place: [[1974 African Cup of Nations|1974]]

;FC Bayern Munich
*[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]: [[1974–75 European Cup|1974–75]], [[1975–76 European Cup|1975–76]]
*[[Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[1976 Intercontinental Cup|1976]]

;Individual
*[[France Football]] 40th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2019<ref name="Top6FF">{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/magazine/?prov=W-HP-LBMU|title=Top 50 des coaches de l'histoire|publisher=France Football |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="FOXSports">{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.mx/news/400382-los--mejores-entrenadores-de-la-historia|title=Los 50 mejores entrenadores de la historia|work=[[FOX Sports]]|date=19 March 2019|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=29 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229113735/https://www.foxsports.com.mx/news/400382-los--mejores-entrenadores-de-la-historia|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ABCes">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-50-mejores-entrenadores-historia-futbol-201903191710_noticia.html|title=Los 50 mejores entrenadores de la historia del fútbol|publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>
*Inducted into [[Japan Football Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.jfa.jp/eng/about_jfa/hall_of_fame/member/Dettmar_CRAMER.html|title= Dettmar CRAMER|access-date= February 20, 2024|work= Japan Football Association}}</ref>

==Career statistics==

{{updated|6 May 2012}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Team
!rowspan="2"|From
!rowspan="2"|To
!colspan="6"|Record
|-
!G!!W!!D!!L!!Win %
|-
|align=left|[[Hertha BSC]]
|align=left|1 July 1974
|align=left|9 July 1974
{{WDL|0|0|0|0}}
|-
|align=left|[[United States men's national soccer team|United States]]
|align=left|1 August 1974
|align=left|16 January 1975
{{WDL|2|0|0|2}}
|-
|align=left|[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]
|align=left|16 January 1975
|align=left|27 November 1977
{{WDL|136|63|31|42}}
|-
|align=left|[[Eintracht Frankfurt]]
|align=left|9 December 1977
|align=left|30 June 1978
{{WDL|23|11|3|9}}
|-
|align=left|[[Saudi Arabia national football team|Saudi Arabia]]
|align=left|3 September 1978
|align=left|1 December 1980
{{WDL|17|6|6|5}}
|-
|align=left|[[Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah)|Al-Ittihad]]
|align=left|3 September 1978
|align=left|1 December 1980
{{WDL| | | | }}
|-
|align=left|[[Aris F.C. (Thessaloniki)|Aris Thessaloniki]]
|align=left|1 December 1980
|align=left|30 May 1981
{{WDL| | | | }}
|-
|align=left|[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]
|align=left|
|align=left|
{{WDL|108|36|30|42}}
|-
!colspan="3"|Total
{{WDLtot|286|116|70|100}}
|}

==References==

{{reflist}}
* {{in lang|de}} Verrat vermieden. in: Der Spiegel, Heft 46/1968, 22. Jahrgang, S.122.
* {{in lang|de}} Hermann, Boris: Trainerfuchs Dettmar Cramer – Ein Napoleon auf Weltreise. in: www.spiegel.de, Fassung vom 8. Juli 2005

==External links==

{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.eintracht-archiv.de/cramer.html Dettmar Cramer at eintracht-archiv.de] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://t-online.sport-dienst.de/bundesliga/1978/ Der 34. Speiltag der Bundesliga 77/78] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.jfa.jp/eng/about_jfa/hall_of_fame/member/Dettmar_CRAMER.html Japan Football Hall of Fame] at [[Japan Football Association]]
* [http://archive.footballjapan.co.uk/user/scripts/user/person_en.php?person_id=1|Japan Soccer Archive] {{in lang|ja}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box|title=[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] Winning Coach|before=[[Udo Lattek]] |after=[[Bob Paisley]]|years=1974–75 & 1975–76}}
{{S-end}}

{{Intercontinental Cup winning managers}}
{{European Cup winning managers}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Dettmar Cramer managerial positions
|list1=
{{Egypt national football team managers}}
{{Hertha BSC Berlin managers}}
{{United States men's national soccer team managers}}
{{Bayern Munich managers}}
{{Eintracht Frankfurt managers}}
{{Al-Ittihad managers}}
{{Aris Thessaloniki F.C. managers}}
{{Bayer Leverkusen managers}}
{{Malaysia national football team managers}}
{{Thailand national football team managers}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, Dettmar}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Dortmund]]
[[Category:German football managers]]
[[Category:German expatriate football managers]]
[[Category:FC Bayern Munich managers]]
[[Category:Eintracht Frankfurt managers]]
[[Category:Hertha BSC managers]]
[[Category:Bayer 04 Leverkusen managers]]
[[Category:Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah) managers]]
[[Category:Egypt national football team managers]]
[[Category:Japan national football team managers]]
[[Category:Aris Thessaloniki F.C. managers]]
[[Category:United States men's national soccer team managers]]
[[Category:Bundesliga managers]]
[[Category:UEFA Champions League–winning managers]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in Japan]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in South Korea]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class]]
[[Category:1974 African Cup of Nations managers]]
[[Category:West German football managers]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Westphalia]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in the United States]]
[[Category:West German expatriate football managers]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in Egypt]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in Greece]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia]]
[[Category:German expatriate sportspeople in South Korea]]
[[Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Thailand]]
[[Category:West German expatriate sportspeople in Japan]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War II]]