View source for Desoutter Mk.II

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = Desoutter 
  |image = Desoutter.JPG
  |caption = Desoutter Mk.I at the [[Shuttleworth Collection]]
  |type = Liaison
  |manufacturer = [[Desoutter Aircraft Company]]/[[Koolhoven (aircraft manufacturer)|Koolhoven]]
  |designer = [[Koolhoven (designer)|Frederick Koolhoven]]
  |first_flight = 1930
  |introduction = 1930
  |retired = 
  |status = Three known survivors
  |primary_user = National Flying Services Ltd
  |more_users = [[Finnish Air Force]]
  |produced = 
  |number_built = F.K.41: 6<br>Mk.I: 28<br>Mk.II: 13
  |unit cost = 
  |developed_from = 
}}
'''Desoutter''' is a British monoplane liaison aircraft manufactured by [[Desoutter Aircraft Company]] at [[Croydon Airport|Croydon Aerodrome]], [[Surrey]].

==Design and production==
In the late 1920s, [[Marcel Desoutter]], a well known pilot, formed the [[Desoutter Aircraft Company|Desoutter Aircraft Company Ltd]] to follow up his marketing idea to licence manufacture the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] aircraft [[Koolhoven F.K.41]]. This aircraft had drawn a lot of attention due to its modern design. The licence was obtained and Desoutter began production at [[Croydon Airport|Croydon Aerodrome]] in the former [[ADC Aircraft]] factory.

The second production Dutch F.K.41 (registered G-AAGC) was flown to Croydon and was modified by Desoutter and displayed at the [[Olympia Aero Show]], [[London]] in July 1929 as the '''Desoutter Dolphin'''.  This aircraft was later sold in [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] with registration ZS-ADX and was impressed into service with the South African Air Force.

The name ''Dolphin'' was not used again and the British production aircraft was known as the '''Desoutter''' and then following the introduction of an improved version the following year the '''Desoutter I'''. The [[National Flying Services]] Ltd placed a large order and received 19 aircraft.  These were all painted black and bright orange and soon became a familiar sight at [[United Kingdom|British]] flying clubs, where they were used for instruction, pleasure flights and taxi flights. The first aircraft for another customer left Croydon for [[New Zealand]] on 9 February 1930. It was flown to [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] arriving on 13 March 1930, it was then shipped to New Zealand.

In 1930 an improved version, the '''Desoutter II''' was produced. It had a [[de Havilland Gipsy|de Havilland Gipsy III]] engine, redesigned [[aileron]]s and [[Empennage|tail surfaces]] and wheel brakes.

==Operational history==
===Production===
41 aircraft were built at [[Croydon Airport|Croydon Aerodrome]] – 28 Mk.Is and 13 Mk.IIs, in contrast only six of the original F.K.41 were produced.

===New Zealand===
The Desoutter also became famous due to its involvement in New Zealand's first commercial air disaster, which occurred six days after the [[1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake]] on 8 February 1931 near [[Wairoa]].  The Desoutter belonged to [[Dominion Airways]] and carried the identification code ZK-ACA. The small airliner had been making three round trips a day between Hastings and Gisborne, carrying passengers and supplies. All three on board were killed.

===Australia===
Late in 1931 Australians H. Jenkins and H. Jeffrey purchased the 30th production aircraft EI-AAD from Irish owners [[Iona National Air Taxis]] and flew it as G-ABOM from [[Heston Aerodrome]] to [[Sydney]] between 29 December 1931 and February 1932.  Here it was soon sold to L. MacKenzie Johnson as VH-UEE ''Miss Flinders'' who began a regular service between [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] and [[Whitemark, Tasmania|Whitemark]] on [[Flinders Island]], most of the 108-mile route being over the waters of south-eastern [[Bass Strait]].  Competition with regular shipping services by [[William Holyman]] & Sons saw the formation of Holymans Airways, the forerunners of [[Australian National Airways]], later the same year.  VH-UEE has been preserved by the [[Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery|Queen Victoria Museum]] in Launceston.

Three other Desoutter IIs were purchased by [[Hart Aviation Services]] of Melbourne, including the still-extant VH-UPR (damaged in an accident on [[Deal Island (Tasmania)|Deal Island]] in Bass Strait in 1933). VH-UPR is now located at the Nhill aerodrome in country Victoria

===Denmark===
The Danish Air Society (''Det Danske Luftfartselskab'') bought the second last manufactured Desoutter Mk.II in 1931. This aircraft was given the registration OY-DOD. In 1934, this aircraft was sold to lieutenant Michael Hansen, and in the following year to the Nordisk Luftrafik company. In 1938 it was sold to Nordjysk Aero Service, but Michael Hansen bought the aircraft back the same year and used it to fly to Cape Town and in the [[MacRobertson Air Race]]. The aircraft completed the journey from [[RAF Mildenhall|Mildenhall]], [[England]] to [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] in 129 Hours 47 Minutes, it gained 7th position in the handicap race.

===Finland===
During the [[Winter War]], the [[Red Cross]] of [[Denmark]] raised money in order to purchase an ambulance aircraft for Finland. In October 1941 the [[Denmark|Danish]] aircraft registered OY-DOD was bought for this purpose and was donated to Finland. The aircraft was flown by Michael Hansen to [[Helsinki]], Finland on 28 October 1941. The Mk.II was given both Finnish Air Force and Red Cross markings and was used until 14 November 1944 as a liaison and ambulance aircraft. After the war, the [[Karhumäki brothers]], who were aircraft manufacturers, bought the aircraft and sold it without the engine to Torsti Tallgren and Armas Jylhä in [[Tampere]], who repaired it and registered it as OH-TJA on 17 November 1947. The aircraft crashed near Tampere on 4 December 1947.
[[File:Desoutter-II.jpg|thumb|250px|Desoutter Mk.II]]

==Variants==
;Koolhoven F.K.41: Original Dutch version, six built, powered variously by {{cvt|90|hp}} [[ADC Cirrus]], {{cvt|100|hp}} [[Siemens-Halske Sh 11]], or any suitable engine in the {{cvt|60|-|100|hp}} range
;Desoutter Dolphin: One Desoutter modified F.K.41
;Desoutter Mk.I: (previously known as the '''Desoutter''' for a few months) – British licence-made version.  Modified tail, powered by [[ADC Cirrus|Cirrus Hermes]] engine, 28 built.
;Desoutter Mk.II: ('''''Sports Coupé''''') Modified version of the Mk.I with new inverted engine, redesigned [[Fin|vertical rudder]] and windscreen, 13 built.

==Surviving aircraft==
Three of the 41 aircraft survive:
* G-AAPZ a flyable Desoutter I is operated by the [[Shuttleworth Trust]], [[Old Warden]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Desoutter I |url=http://www.shuttleworth.org/collection/desoutter |website=Shuttleworth |access-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930000456/https://www.shuttleworth.org/collection/desoutter/ |archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref>
* VH-UEE is on display at [[Launceston Airport]] in [[Tasmania]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Temporary gallery closure for Miss Flinders' move |url=http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/About/Media/Temporary-gallery-closure-for-Miss-Flinders-move |website=Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery |access-date=27 March 2022 |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
* VH-UPR is a flyable Desoutter II owned by the [[Australian National Aviation Museum]] in Melbourne Australia<ref>{{cite web |title=Desoutter II S/N D.35 VH-UPR |url=http://www.aarg.com.au/desoutter-ii.html |website=Moorabbin Air Museum |access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>

==Operators==

===Civil operators===
;{{ARG}}
;{{AUS}}
;{{BEL}}
;{{CAN}}
;{{DEN}}: The Danish airliner ''Det Danske Luftfarssselskab'' (DDL; 1932–1934; OY-DOD)
;{{NLD}}: [[Dutch East Indies]]
;{{IRL}}
;{{FIN}}
;{{HUN}}
;{{IND}}
;{{NZL}}
;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South Africa]]
;{{UK}}

===Military operators===
;{{FIN}}: [[Finnish Air Force]] (Desoutter II, ex-Danish OY-DOD given by the Danish Red Cross)
;{{RSA}}: [[South African Air Force]] (F.K.41)
;{{UK}}: [[Royal Air Force]] (Desoutter I and II)

==Specifications (Mk.II)==
[[File:Desoutter_I_3-view_Aero_Digest_January,1930.png|thumb|Desoutter I 3-view drawing from Aero Digest January,1930]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jackson<ref name="Jackson">{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=A. J.|title=British civil aircraft since 1919.|date=1973|publisher=Putnam|location=London|isbn=0-370-10010-7|pages=190–194|edition=Ed. 2.}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|capacity=2 pax
|length m=7.9
|span m=10.9
|height m=2.15
|wing area sqm=17.7
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=536
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=863
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[de Havilland Gipsy III]]
|eng1 type=4-cylinder air-cooled in-line piston engine
|eng1 hp=120

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed pitch propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=125
|cruise speed mph=99
|stall speed mph=46
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=800
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=5200
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=5.08
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|more performance=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=

|similar aircraft=
*[[de Havilland Puss Moth]]
*[[PWS-52]]
|lists=
*[[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]

|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing}}
* Kalevi Keskinen, Kari Stenman: ''Koulukoneet – Suomen ilmavoimien historia 22'', Itä-Uudenmaan paino, Loviisa, 2003, {{ISBN|951-98751-5-8}}
* Tervonen, Ismo: ''Veljekset Karhumäki Suomen ilmailun pioneereina 1924–1956'', Apali Oy, {{ISBN|952-5026-25-6}}.
* Timo Heinonen: ''Thulinista Hornetiin – Keski-Suomen ilmailumuseon julkaisuja 3'', 1992. {{ISBN|951-95688-2-4}}
* Ove Hermansen: ''Da Hansen fløj til Melbourne i '34 – 75-året for dansk deltagelse i verdens største flykapløb fra England til Australien'', Copenhagen: Dansk Flyvehistorisk Forening, 2009. {{ISBN|978-87-993402-0-0}}
*{{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200398.html |title=Desoutter |journal=Flight |date=4 April 1930 |page=374  |number=1110 |volume=XXII}}
*{{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%201067.html |title=Desoutter Mark II |journal= Flight |pages=1011–1014, 1029 |date=12 September 1930 |number=1133 |volume= XXII}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Desoutter Mk.II}}
* [http://www.edcoatescollection.com/ac1/austu/vhupr.html  edcoatescollection]

{{Koolhoven aircraft}}

[[Category:1930s British civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Desoutter aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1930]]