View source for Demographics of Paris

{{Short description|none}}
{{Update|part=Statistics|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} 
{{Demographics of Paris}}
The city of [[Paris]] (also called the Commune or Department of Paris) had a population of 2,165,423 people within its administrative city limits as of 1 January 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep75.pdf Populations légales 2019: 75 Paris], INSEE</ref> It is surrounded by the Paris ''[[unité urbaine]]'', or urban area, the [[Largest urban areas of the European Union|most populous urban area in the European Union]].

In 2018 the ''unité urbaine'' had a population of 10,816,803 in {{cvt|2854|km2}}.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-001+UU2020-00851+REG-11|title=Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001), Unité urbaine 2020 de Paris (00851), Région Île-de-France (11)|publisher=[[INSEE]] |access-date=17 June 2022|language=fr}}</ref> The Paris Region, or [[Île-de-France]], covers {{cvt|12012|km2}}, and has its own regional council and president. It has a population of 12,213,447 as of January 2018, or 18.3 percent of the population of France.<ref name="pop" /> The metropolitan or [[functional area (France)|functional area]] (''aire d'attraction'') of Paris covers {{cvt|18941|km2}} and has 13,064,617 inhabitants (2018).<ref name="pop" />

The population of the city of Paris reached a historic high of 2.9 million in 1921 but then declined; between 1954 and 1999 it declined at every census, falling to 2,125,246 in 1999.<ref>{{Cassini-Ehess|26207|Paris}}</ref> After that it began to climb again, reaching 2,240,621 in 2012, but falling to 2,187,526 in 2017.<ref name="paris_pop_2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-75056|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017, Commune de Paris (75056)|publisher=[[INSEE|Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques]]|access-date=1 September 2020}}</ref>

The city's population loss reflected the experience of most other core cities in the developed world that have not expanded their boundaries. The principal factors in the process were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975.  Factors in the migration included [[Deindustrialization|deindustrialisation]], high rent, the [[gentrification]] of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss was one of the most severe among international municipalities and the largest for any that had achieved more than 2,000,000 residents.  Since then, an influx of younger residents and immigrants has contributed to the growth of the city.

== Density ==
[[File:Paris population pyramid.svg|thumb|Paris population pyramid in 2022]]
According to [[Eurostat]], the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area),  ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 persons per square kilometre.  According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] and [[Val-de-Marne]], had population densities of over ten thousand persons per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_statistics_at_regional_level#Population_densitys|title=EU population statistics at regional level, Eurostat 2012|access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref>

Paris is one of the most densely populated cities in the world.{{sfn|Madge|Willmott|2006|p=11}} Its density, excluding the outlying woodland parks of [[Bois de Boulogne|Boulogne]] and [[Bois de Vincennes|Vincennes]], was {{convert|24448|PD/km2}} in the 1999 official census, which could be compared only with some [[Asia]]n [[Megalopolis (city type)|megapolises]] and the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]]. Even including the two woodland areas, its population density was {{convert|20755|PD/km2|abbr=on}} in 2017,<ref name=compparis>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-75056|title=Comparateur de territoire, Commune de Paris (75056)|publisher=[[INSEE]] |access-date=1 September 2020|language=fr}}</ref> the sixth-most-densely populated commune in France after [[Levallois-Perret]], [[Vincennes]], [[Le Pré-Saint-Gervais]], [[Saint-Mandé]] and [[Montrouge]], all of which border the city proper.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

The most sparsely populated quarters are the western and central office and administration-focused ''[[Arrondissements of Paris|arrondissements]]''. The city's population is densest in the northern and eastern arrondissements; the [[11th arrondissement of Paris|11th arrondissement]] had a density of {{convert|40,672|PD/km2}} in 1999, and some of the same arrondissement's eastern quarters had densities close to {{convert|100,000|/km2|abbr=on}} in the same year.
[[File:Population density of Paris, 2017 - INSEE.svg|500px|thumbnail|center|Population density map of Paris in January 2017]]
{| width="100%"
|-valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="400" style="text-align: right"
|-
! Arrondissement
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Population
! Population per km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 110px" | [[1st arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}1]]
| {{formatnum:1.826}}
| {{formatnum:17268}}
| {{formatnum:9457}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[2nd arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}2]]
| {{formatnum:0.992}}
| {{formatnum:22558}}
| {{formatnum:22740}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[3rd arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}3]]
| {{formatnum:1.171}}
| {{formatnum:36727}}
| {{formatnum:31364}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[4th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}4]]
| {{formatnum:1.601}}
| {{formatnum:28068}}
| {{formatnum:17532}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[5th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}5]]
| {{formatnum:2.541}}
| {{formatnum:61080}}
| {{formatnum:24038}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[6th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}6]]
| {{formatnum:2.154}}
| {{formatnum:44154}}
| {{formatnum:20499}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[7th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}7]]
| {{formatnum:4.088}}
| {{formatnum:58166}}
| {{formatnum:14228}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[8th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}8]]
| {{formatnum:3.881}}
| {{formatnum:39409}}
| {{formatnum:10154}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[9th arrondissement of Paris|{{0}}9]]
| {{formatnum:2.179}}
| {{formatnum:60293}}
| {{formatnum:27670}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[10th arrondissement of Paris|10]]
| {{formatnum:2.892}}
| {{formatnum:95436}}
| {{formatnum:33000}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[11th arrondissement of Paris|11]]
| {{formatnum:3.666}}
| {{formatnum:156831}}
| {{formatnum:42780}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[12th arrondissement of Paris|12]]
| {{formatnum:6.377}}
| {{formatnum:146527}}
| {{formatnum:22977}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[13th arrondissement of Paris|13]]
| {{formatnum:7.146}}
| {{formatnum:184235}}
| {{formatnum:25782}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[14th arrondissement of Paris|14]]
| {{formatnum:5.621}}
| {{formatnum:142535}}
| {{formatnum:25358}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[15th arrondissement of Paris|15]]
| {{formatnum:8.502}}
| {{formatnum:240723}}
| {{formatnum:28314}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16]]
| {{formatnum:7.846}}
| {{formatnum:170239}}
| {{formatnum:21698}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[17th arrondissement of Paris|17]]
| {{formatnum:5.669}}
| {{formatnum:171945}}
| {{formatnum:30331}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[18th arrondissement of Paris|18]]
| {{formatnum:6.005}}
| {{formatnum:202780}}
| {{formatnum:33769}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[19th arrondissement of Paris|19]]
| {{formatnum:6.786}}
| {{formatnum:187799}}
| {{formatnum:27674}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[20th arrondissement of Paris|20]]
| {{formatnum:5.984}}
| {{formatnum:199113}}
| {{formatnum:33274}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Paris]]
| {{formatnum:105.400}}
| {{formatnum:2265886}}
| {{formatnum:21498}}
|}
|
{| style="text-align: center"
|-
! &nbsp;
! inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| style="background: #FFF4EB; width: 50px" | &nbsp;
| {{0}}{{formatnum:9000}} - {{formatnum:12000}}
|-
| style="background: #FFDFC4" |
| {{formatnum:12000}} - {{formatnum:15000}}
|-
| style="background: #FFCA9E" |
| {{formatnum:15000}} - {{formatnum:18000}}
|-
| style="background: #FFB579" |
| {{formatnum:18000}} - {{formatnum:21000}}
|-
| style="background: #FFA056" |
| {{formatnum:21000}} - {{formatnum:24000}}
|-
| style="background: #FF8C3A" |
| {{formatnum:24000}} - {{formatnum:27000}}
|-
| style="background: #FF762D" |
| {{formatnum:27000}} - {{formatnum:30000}}
|-
| style="background: #FF6127" |
| {{formatnum:30000}} - {{formatnum:33000}}
|-
| style="background: #FF4D23" |
| {{formatnum:33000}} - {{formatnum:36000}}
|-
| style="background: #FF1F1C" |
| {{formatnum:36000}} - {{formatnum:39000}}
|-
| style="background: #CE0013" |
| {{formatnum:39000}} - {{formatnum:42000}}
|-
| style="background: #A5000D" |
| {{formatnum:42000}} - {{formatnum:45000}}
|}
|}
:Notes: Without the [[w:Bois de Boulogne|Bois de Boulogne]] and the [[w:Bois de Vincennes|Bois de Vincennes]].
:References: INSEE<ref name=pop2012>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2119595/ensemble.pdf Populations légales 2012: Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble], [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]]</ref>

== Paris agglomeration ==

The city of Paris covers an area much smaller than the urban area of which it is the core. At present, Paris's real urbanisation, defined by the [[pôle urbain]] (urban cluster) statistical area, covers {{convert|2845|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name="UU_superficie">{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=20&ref_id=17915&page=alapage/alap374/alap374_tab.htm#tab1|title=La population de l'aire urbaine de Paris augmente de 8,5 % entre 1999 et 2008|publisher=INSEE|access-date=20 October 2011|language=fr}}</ref> or an area about 27 times larger than the city itself. The administration of Paris's urban growth is divided between itself and its surrounding departments: Paris's closest ring of three adjoining departments, or petite couronne ("small ring") are fully saturated with urban growth, and the ring of four departments outside of these, the grande couronne departments, are only covered in their inner regions by Paris's urbanisation. These eight departments form the larger administrative Île-de-France région; most of this region is filled, and overextended in places, by the Paris aire urbaine, which, in 2017, was populated by over 12 million people.<ref name=pop_AU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=AU2010-001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417203950/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=AU2010-001 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2021 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Aire urbaine de Paris (001)|author=INSEE |access-date=11 September 2020 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE}}</ref><!--copy in archive.org is empty-->

The Paris agglomeration has shown a steady rate of growth since the end of the late 16th century [[French Wars of Religion]], save brief setbacks during the French Revolution and World War II. With an estimated total of 12.2&nbsp;million inhabitants for 2017, the annual population growth rate of the Île-de-France région was between 0.3% and 0.9% over the past 50 years.<ref name="idf">{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=REG-11|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Région d'Île-de-France (11)|publisher=INSEE|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>

== Immigration ==

{{Table Ile-de-France Region top countries & territories of birth}}
By law, French censuses do not ask questions regarding ethnicity or religion, but do gather information concerning one's country of birth. From this it is still possible to determine that Paris and its metropolitan area is one of the most multi-cultural in Europe: According to the 2011 census, 456,105 residents of the municipality of Paris, or 20.3 percent,  and 2,117,901 residents of the Paris Region (Île-de-France), or 17.9 percent, were born outside France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1A&millesime=2011&typgeo=REG&typesearch=territoire&codgeo=REG+-+%CEle-de-France+%2811%29&territoire=OK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150404125339/http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1A&millesime=2011&typgeo=REG&typesearch=territoire&codgeo=REG+-+%CEle-de-France+(11)&territoire=OK |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 April 2015 |title=INSEE statistics on residents born outside France in 2011 |access-date=3 April 2015 |language=fr }}</ref>  At the 1999 census, 4.2% of the population in Paris [[Metropolitan Area (France)|metropolitan area]] were recent immigrants (people who had immigrated to France between 1990 and 1999), the majority from [[Asia]] and [[Africa]]. 37 % of all immigrants in France live in the Paris region.<ref name=riot>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843 |title=Paris Riots in Perspective |work=ABC News |date=4 November 2005 |access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref>

The first wave of international migration to Paris started as early as 1820, with the arrivals of German peasants fleeing an agricultural crisis in their homeland. Several waves of immigration followed continually until today: Italians and central European Jews during the 19th century; Russians after the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|revolution of 1917]] and Armenians fleeing [[Armenian genocide|genocide]] in the Ottoman Empire;{{sfn|Hassell|1991|p=22}} colonial subjects during [[World War I]] and later;<ref>Goebel, ''Anti-Imperial Metropolis''.</ref> Poles between the two world wars; Spaniards, Italians, Portuguese, and North Africans from the 1950s to the 1970s; North African Jews after colonies in that region gained independence; Africans and Asians since then.<ref name="past immigration">{{cite web|url=http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/index.php?lg=fr&nav=14&flash=0|title=Histoire de l'immigration en France|publisher=Cité Nationale de l'Histoire de l'Immigration|access-date=25 June 2006|language=fr}}</ref>

The Paris metropolitan region, or ''aire urbaine,'' is estimated to be home to some 1.7&nbsp;million Muslims, who comprise between 10–15 per cent of the area's population. However, without official data, the margin of error of these estimates is extremely high as it is based on one's country of birth (someone born in a Muslim country or born to a parent from a Muslim country is considered as a "potential Muslim").{{sfn|Zarka|Taussig|Fleury|2004|p=27}} According to the North American Jewish Data Bank, an estimated 310,000&nbsp;Jews also live in Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France region, an area with a population of 11.7&nbsp;million. Paris has historically been a magnet for immigrants, and it hosts one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe today.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12724966 |title=Muslims and city politics: When town halls turn to Mecca |publisher=Economist.com |date=4 December 2008 |access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref>

=== Immigrants and their children in departments of Île-de-France (Paris Region) ===

According to the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, responsible for the production and analysis of official statistics in France, 20 per cent of people living in the city of Paris are immigrants, and 41.3 per cent of people under 20 have at least one immigrant parent.<ref>[http://www.iau-idf.fr/detail-dune-etude/etude/les-immigres-et-leur-famille-en-ile-de-france.html Les immigrés et leur famille en Île-de-France] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028101845/http://www.iau-idf.fr/detail-dune-etude/etude/les-immigres-et-leur-famille-en-ile-de-france.html |date=2011-10-28 }}, Note rapide Société, n° 552, June 2011</ref> Among the young people under 18, 12.1 per cent are of [[Maghrebis|Maghrebi]] origin, 9.9 per cent of [[Subsaharan Africa]]n origin, and 4.0 per cent of [[South Europe]]an origin.<ref>Michèle Tribalat, ''Les jeunes d'origine étrangère'' in ''Revue Commentaire'', juin 2009, n°126, p.434</ref>  In 2020-2021, about 6 million people, or 49% of the population of [[Île-de-France (region)|Paris]], are either immigrants (21%) or have at least one immigrant parent (28%). These figures do not include French people born in [[Overseas France]] and their direct descendants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Localisation des immigrés et des descendants d'immigrés |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793282?sommaire=6793391 |website=Localisation des immigrés et des descendants d'immigrés |access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="2"|Département
!scope="col" colspan="3"|Immigrants
!scope="col" colspan="3"|Children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
!scope="col" |Number
!scope="col" |% department
!scope="col" |% Île-de-France
!scope="col" |Number
!scope="col" |% department
!scope="col" |% Île-de-France
|-
| Paris (75)||436,576||20||22.4||162,635||41.3||15.4
|-
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] (93)||394,831||26.5||20.2||234,837||57.1||22.2
|-
| [[Hauts-de-Seine]] (92)||250,190||16.3||12.8||124,501||34||11.8
|-
| [[Val-de-Marne]] (94)||234,633||18.1||12||127,701||40||12.1
|-
| [[Val-d'Oise]] (95)||185,890||16.1||9.5||124,644||38.5||11.8
|-
| [[Yvelines]] (78)||161,869||11.6||8.3||98,755||26.4||9.3
|-
| [[Essonne]] (91)||150,980||12.6||7.7||94,003||29.6||8.9
|-
| [[Seine-et-Marne]] (77)||135,654||10.7||7||90,319||26||8.5
|-
| [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]||1,950,623||16.9||100||1,057,394||37.1||100
|}
(source: Insee, EAR 2006)
Reading: 436 576 immigrants live in Paris, representing 20% of Parisians and 22.4% of immigrants in Île-de-France.
162 635 children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent live in Paris, representing 41.3 per cent of the total of children under 20 in Paris, and 15.4 per cent of the total of children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent in Île-de-France.

== Expatriates ==
{{expand section|date=March 2014}}
As of 2005 many expatriates settle in the western portion of Paris. Western Paris is in close proximity to many international schools and the [[La Défense]] area.<ref>Lewis, Carol. "How not to get lost in translation: Final 3 Edition." ''[[The Times]]'', {{ISSN|0140-0460}}, 04/14/2005, p. 10 (of the supplement). "Living: Many expats like to live in western Paris for easy access to the offices of La Defense and the international schools. Renting is the norm and apartments are generally cheaper than those in London."</ref>

Many international students living in Paris live in the large dormitory complex of Cité Université Internationale de Paris, located just on the edge of the city in the 14th arrondissement.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

== Ethnic groups ==
{{expand section|date=January 2014}}
{{Ethnic Paris sidebar}}

=== Africans ===
{{main|Sub-Saharan African community of Paris}}
{{Main|Maghrebian community of Paris}}
As of 2012 tens of thousands of people of African origins live in Paris. This group includes those born in France who had African parents and naturalized French citizens born in Africa. The majority come from the [[Maghreb]], including [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], and [[Tunisia]]. Other countries with populations in Paris include [[Burkina Faso]], the [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], and [[Senegal]].<ref>Sealy, Amanda. "[https://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/paris-africa-culture/index.html African flavor at the heart of Paris]." [[CNN]]. 8 November 2012. Retrieved on 3 March 2014.</ref>

=== Asians ===
As of 1998 [[Île-de-France]] has half of the Asian population of France.<ref name=Guillonp186>Guillon, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 186].</ref> As of 1990 the majority of Asians living in France are [[Han Chinese|ethnic Chinese]] originating from several countries.<ref name=Guillonp187>Guillon, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA187 187].</ref>

In 1974 France stopped allowing foreign workers into its borders. The Asian population of France increased despite the closure. In 1975 there were 20,000 Asians in Île-de-France. In 1982 the region had 59,000. This increased to 108,000 in 1990.<ref name=Guillonp187 />

In France the "Asians" are defined as people originating from the [[East Asian cultural sphere]]. The term does not include people from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=Guillonp186 />

==== Geography of the Asian population ====
For the entire [[Île-de-France]] region, there were a total of 108,511 persons who held or formerly held Cambodian, Chinese, Laotian, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese citizenships as of 1990. This included 64,361 current citizens of those countries and 44,150 former citizens who became naturalized as French citizens.<ref name=Guillonp188>Guillon, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 188].</ref>

As of 1990, there were a combined total of 31,773 persons who held or formerly held Cambodian, Chinese, Laotian, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese citizenships in the City of [[Paris]]. This included 21,655 current citizens of those countries and 10,118 former citizens who became naturalized as French citizens.<ref name=Guillonp188/>

As of 1990 fewer than 10,000 persons of East/Southeast Asian origin resided in six communes of [[Marne-la-Vallée]]. 26% of the population of [[Lognes]] was Asian, and other percentages were 8% in [[Noisiel]], 5-6% in [[Noisy-le-Grand]], and 5-6% in [[Torcy, Seine-et-Marne|Torcy]]. In 1982 there were 6,000 Asians in Marne-la-Vallée, making up 3-4% of the area's population. In 1987 the number increased to 9,000.<ref name="Guillonp198">Guillon, Michelle. "The Chinese and Chinese Districts in Paris" (Chapter 11). In: Sinn, Elizabeth (editor). ''The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas''.<!--Google books says the subtitle is ": The Music, Poetry and Life of Tsar Teh-yun" **but** I do not see it in the article--> [[Hong Kong University Press]], 1 January 1998. {{ISBN|9622094465}}, 9789622094468. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA198 198].</ref>

As of circa 1998 [[Ivry-sur-Seine]] and [[Vitry-sur-Seine]] had a combined Asian population of 3,600.<ref name="Guillonp197">Guillon, Michelle. "The Chinese and Chinese Districts in Paris" (Chapter 11). In: Sinn, Elizabeth (editor). ''The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas''.<!--Google books says the subtitle is ": The Music, Poetry and Life of Tsar Teh-yun" **but** I do not see it in the article--> [[Hong Kong University Press]], 1 January 1998. {{ISBN|9622094465}}, 9789622094468. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 197].</ref>

As of circa 1998 there were about 6,000 East/Southeast Asians in and around [[Aulnay-sous-Bois]], and there were 3,000 persons of East and Southeast Asian origin in Aulnay proper. Most of them were of [[Cambodian French|Cambodian origin]], including those with and without Cambodian citizenship. The commune also had an above-average number of [[Laotians in France|persons of Laotian origin]], including those with and without Laotian citizenship. Ethnicities included [[Khmer people]], [[Lao people]], and [[Overseas Chinese]].<ref name=Guillonp197/>

==== Cambodians ====
As of 1990, in the City of Paris there were 7,950 Cambodian citizens and 3,279 former Cambodian citizens who became naturalized as French. The combined total is 11,229.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

That year, in the Île-de-France region there were 26,553 Cambodian citizens and 13,068 former Cambodian citizens naturalized as French. The combined total was 39,421.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

==== Chinese ====
{{Main|Chinese community in Paris}}
[[File:Paris-olympiades-wikimedia.jpg|thumb|The Olympiades towers with the pagoda roof shopping centre, [[Chinatown, Paris]]]]
As of 1990 the majority of Asians living in the Paris area are [[Overseas Chinese|ethnic Chinese]] originating from several countries.<ref name=Guillonp187 /> The largest group includes ethnic Chinese from [[Indochina]], and a smaller group originates from [[Zhejiang]].<ref name=Guillonp189>Guillon, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 189].</ref>

==== Japanese ====
{{Main|Japanese community in Paris}}
As of 2013 the official number of Japanese residents in Paris was 16,277.<ref name=ConteHelmp81>Conte-Helm, Marie. ''[[The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters]]'' (Bloomsbury Academic Collections). [[A&C Black]], 17 December 2013. {{ISBN|1-78093-980-9}}, 9781780939803. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DKwVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81].</ref>

==== Laotians ====
As of 1990, in the City of Paris there were 2,185 Laotian citizens and 1,376 former Laotian citizens naturalized as French, making a combined total of 3,561.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

As of that year, in the Île-de-France region there were 10,110 Laotian citizens and 8,177 former Laotian citizens, making a combined total of 18,287.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

==== Vietnamese ====
{{main|Vietnamese community in Paris}}
In periods before 1975 several Vietnamese arrived in Paris, including intellectuals, those who worked as civil servants in colonial times, and those who came to Paris to study and did not return home. Ethnic Vietnamese arriving after 1975 became a part of an ethnic network established by those that came before them. Many Vietnamese achieved proficiency in the medical, scientific, and computer science fields.<ref name=Guillonp190>Guillon, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B-IZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 190].</ref>

As of 1990, in the City of Paris there were 3,802 Vietnamese citizens and 4,155 former Vietnamese citizens naturalized as French, making a total of 7,957.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

As of that year, in the Île-de-France region there were 16,387 Vietnamese citizens and 20,261 former Vietnamese citizens naturalized as French, making a total of 36,648.<ref name=Guillonp188 />

====Romani====
{{See also|Deportation of Roma migrants from France}}
[[Romani people]] first arrived in Paris in 1427.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1966/01/YOORS/27063|title=Les Tsiganes : une population errante, férue de liberté et acceptant de vivre en marge de l’histoire|language=French}}</ref>

== Historical population ==

{{center|'''Population density of Paris'''}}
<gallery>
Population density of Paris, 1807 - Demographia.svg|1807
Population density of Paris, 1817 - Demographia.svg|1817
Population density of Paris, 1831 - Demographia.svg|1831
Population density of Paris, 1836 - Demographia.svg|1836
Population density of Paris, 1841 - Demographia.svg|1841
Population density of Paris, 1846 - Demographia.svg|1846
Population density of Paris, 1851 - Demographia.svg|1851
Population density of Paris, 1856 - Demographia.svg|1856
Population density of Paris, 1861 - Demographia.svg|1861
Population density of Paris, 1866 - Demographia.svg|1866
Population density of Paris, 1872 - Demographia.svg|1872
Population density of Paris, 1876 - Demographia.svg|1876
Population density of Paris, 1881 - Demographia.svg|1881
Population density of Paris, 1886 - Demographia.svg|1886
Population density of Paris, 1891 - Demographia.svg|1891
Population density of Paris, 1896 - Demographia.svg|1896
Population density of Paris, 1901 - Demographia.svg|1901
Population density of Paris, 1906 - Demographia.svg|1906
Population density of Paris, 1911 - Demographia.svg|1911
Population density of Paris, 1921 - Demographia.svg|1921
Population density of Paris, 1926 - Demographia.svg|1926
Population density of Paris, 1931 - Demographia.svg|1931
Population density of Paris, 1936 - Demographia.svg|1936
Population density of Paris, 1946 - Demographia.svg|1946
Population density of Paris, 1954 - Demographia.svg|1954
Population density of Paris, 1962 - Demographia.svg|1962
Population density of Paris, 1968 - Demographia.svg|1968
Population density of Paris, 1975 - Demographia.svg|1975
Population density of Paris, 1982 - Demographia.svg|1982
Population density of Paris, 1990 - Demographia.svg|1990
Population density of Paris, 1999 - Demographia.svg|1999
Population density of Paris, 2007 - INSEE.svg|2007
Population density of Paris, 2012 - INSEE.svg|2012
Population density of Paris, 2017 - INSEE.svg|2017
</gallery>

[[File:Paris historical population 1.png|thumb|right|300px|Population of Paris from [[Julius Caesar]] to the [[French Revolution]].]]
[[File:Paris Historical Population.png|thumb|right|300px|City proper, urban area, and metropolitan area population from 1801 to 2010.]]
Notes for the table:
* until the 1830s, urbanization was contained within the administrative borders of the City of Paris; urban area figures before 1835 are thus the same as the city proper figures
* the phenomenon of long commutes did not appear until the 1960s; metropolitan area figures before 1968 are thus essentially the same as the urban area figures
* time comparisons should be exercised with care, as statistical borders vary year after year. E.g., the metropolitan area figure for 1968 is within the 1968 borders of the metropolitan area, whereas the metropolitan area figure for 1975 is within the 1975 expanded borders of the metropolitan area.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Historical Population
|-
|
| style="text-align: center;" | '''City&nbsp;proper'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Urban&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Metropolitan&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Comments'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''59&nbsp;BC'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,000
|
|
|<small>[[List of peoples of Gaul|Gallic]] population of the city at the start of the [[Gallic Wars|Roman conquest of Gaul]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''150&nbsp;AD'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 80,000
|
|
|<small>Peak of [[Gallo-Roman culture|Roman era]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''510'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 30,000
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''700s'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,000 – 30,000<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6feKDfRM9sYC&q=merovingian+paris+with+30%2C000+population&pg=PA444|title=The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne ...|isbn=9781598849967|last1=Frassetto|first1=Michael|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Abc-Clio }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQoKeohhNkMC&q=merovingian+paris+with+30%2C000+population&pg=PA1316|title=Medieval France|isbn=9780824044442|last1=Kibler|first1=William W.|last2=Zinn|first2=Grover A.|year=1995|publisher=Psychology Press }}</ref>
|
|
|<small>Losses after [[Early Middle Ages#Migration Period|invasions of 3rd and 4th centuries]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1000'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 15,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354630511_The_Population_of_European_Cities_from_700_to_2000_Social_and_Economic_History |title=The Population of European Cities from 700 to 2000: Social and Economic History |journal=Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences |date=September 2021 |doi=10.1163/24523666-06010003|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
|
|<small>Lowest point after [[Viking]] invasions.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1200'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 44,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>Recovery of the [[High Middle Ages]].</small>

|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1250&nbsp;'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 160,000<ref name="journals.lib.byu.edu">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/CCR/article/viewFile/13458/13392 |title=Cities in the central political/military network since CE 1200: size hierarchy and domination |access-date=2014-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328012639/https://journals.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/CCR/article/viewFile/13458/13392 |archive-date=2014-03-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|
| <small>Blossoming of the 13th century, golden age of King [[Louis IX of France|Saint Louis]].</small>
|-

|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1300&nbsp;'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 75,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|
|-

|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1328'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 83,000
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1348'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 89,000 
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1400&nbsp;'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 54,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>Losses of the [[Black Death|Black Plague]].</small>
|-

|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1500'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 94,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>Losses of the [[Hundred Years' War]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1550'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 168,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>[[French Renaissance|Renaissance]] recovery.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1600'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 300,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>Losses of [[French Wars of Religion|religious]] and [[French Wars of Religion#The "first" war (1562–1563)|civil wars]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1650'''
| style="text-align: center;" |  387,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|<small>Spectacular recovery under King [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] and [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1700'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 500,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1750'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 524,000 <ref name="researchgate_354630511"/>
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1789'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 630,000
|
|
|<small>Peak of prosperous 18th century.</small>
|-
|
| style="text-align: center;" | '''City&nbsp;proper'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Urban&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Metropolitan&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Comments'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1801'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 546,856
|
|
|<small>Losses of [[French Revolution]] and [[French Revolutionary Wars|wars]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1811'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 622,636
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1817'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 713,966
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1831'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 785,862
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1835'''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,000,000
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1836'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 899,313
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1841'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 935,261
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1846'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,053,897
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1851'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,053,262
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1856'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,174,346
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1861'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,696,141
|
|
|<small>[[Arrondissements of Paris#History|New city limits]]; population in 1856 in the new city limits was 1,538,613.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1863'''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,000,000
|
|<small>Fastest historical growth under Emperor [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]] and [[Baron Haussmann|Haussmann]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1866'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,825,274
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1872<!-- this is the correct date, the census was taken in 1872 due to the Commune in 1871; please do not change the date -->'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,851,792
|
|
|<small>Temporary stagnation due to the losses of the [[Siege of Paris (1870–1871)|Siege of Paris]] during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] and the civil war of the [[Paris Commune]] and the Third Republic's brutal retribution towards the city.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1876'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 1,988,806
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1881'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,269,023
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1885'''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,000,000
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1886'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,344,550
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1891'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,447,957
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1896'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,536,834
|
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align: center;" | '''City&nbsp;proper'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Urban&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Metropolitan&nbsp;area'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Comments'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1901'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,714,068
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1905'''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,000,000
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1906'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,763,393
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1911'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,888,110
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,500,000
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1921'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,906,472
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,850,000
|
|<small>Temporary stagnation due to [[World War I casualties|losses of First World War]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1926'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,871,429
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,160,008
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1931'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,891,020
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,674,419
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1936'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,829,753
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,784,072
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1946'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,725,374
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,600,000
|
|<small>[[World War II casualties|Losses of Second World War]].</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1954'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,850,189
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,436,296
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1962'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,790,091
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,384,363
|
|<small>Fastest population growth in the 20th century.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1968'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,590,771
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,196,746
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,368,000
|rowspan=2|<small>End of [[Post-World War II baby boom|postwar baby boom]], end of [[Net migration rate|immigration surplus]] for Paris; henceforth migration flows from the rest of France become negative, population growth is significantly slower.</small>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1975'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,299,830
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,549,898
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,096,000
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1982'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,176,243
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,706,963
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,362,000
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1990'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,152,423<ref name="paris_pop_2017"/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,554,192<ref name=pop_UU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=UU2010-00851 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094909/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=UU2010-00851 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2021 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Unité urbaine de Paris (00851)|author=INSEE |access-date=13 September 2020 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE}}</ref><!--copy in archive.org is empty-->
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,031,290<ref name=pop_AU/>
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''1999'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,125,246<ref name="paris_pop_2017"/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,738,809<ref name=pop_UU/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,356,877<ref name=pop_AU/>
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''2007'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,193,030<ref name="paris_pop_2017"/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,303,282<ref name=pop_UU/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,026,677<ref name=pop_AU/>
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | '''2017'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 2,187,526<ref name="paris_pop_2017"/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,784,830<ref name=pop_UU/>
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,628,266<ref name=pop_AU/>
|
|-
|colspan=5|<small>Sources:</small>
* <small>City proper figures from 1801 on, urban area figures from 1954 on, and metropolitan area figures from 1990 on are official census figures.</small>
* <small>City proper figures before 1801 and urban area figures before 1954 are estimates from various sources.</small>
* <small>Metropolitan area figures before 1990 were reconstructed by Ph. Julien of [[INSEE]] by applying the [[aire urbaine|current INSEE definition]] of metropolitan areas to past censuses.</small>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|France}}
* [[Demographics of France]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas by population]]
* [[Larger urban zone]]
* [[Largest urban areas of the European Union]]

== References ==
* Guillon, Michelle. "The Chinese and Chinese Districts in Paris" (Chapter 11). In: Sinn, Elizabeth (editor). ''The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas''.<!--Google books says the subtitle is ": The Music, Poetry and Life of Tsar Teh-yun" **but** I do not see it in the article--> [[Hong Kong University Press]], 1 January 1998. {{ISBN|9622094465}}, 9789622094468.
* {{cite book |last1=Hassell |first1=James E. |title=Russian Refugees in France and the United States Between the World Wars |date=1991 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-817-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uUsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Madge |first1=Charles |last2=Willmott |first2=Peter |title=Inner City Poverty in Paris and London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFDIS847zl8C&pg=PA11 |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-41762-4 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/https://books.google.com/books?id=gFDIS847zl8C&pg=PA11 |url-status=live}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Goebel, Michael. ''Anti-Imperial Metropolis: Interwar Paris and the Seeds of Third World Nationalism'' (Cambridge University Press, 2015) [http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-european-history/anti-imperial-metropolis-interwar-paris-and-seeds-third-world-nationalism?format=HB excerpts]
* {{cite book|last1=Zarka | first1=Yves Charles |last2=Taussig | first2=Sylvie |last3=Fleury | first3=Cynthia |title=L'Islam en France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8UiAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Presses universitaires de France|isbn=978-2-13-053723-6|chapter=Les contours d'une population susceptible d'être musulmane d'après la filiation|language=fr}}

== Further reading ==
* Grzegorczyk, Anna (Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, [[University of Warsaw]]). "[http://msg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Grzegorczyk.pdf Social and ethnic segregation in the Paris metropolitan area at the beginning of the 21st century]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232651/http://msg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Grzegorczyk.pdf Archive]). ''[[Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies on Development]]''. Vol.17, No.2, 2013. pp.&nbsp;20–29. {{ISSN|2084-6118}}. DOI:10.2478/10288-012-0040-3.

[[Category:Geography of Paris]]
[[Category:History of Paris]]
[[Category:Demographics of France]]
[[Category:Demographics by city|Paris]]