View source for Demographics of Oman

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Update|date=January 2017 | inaccurate=yes}}
{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Oman]]|image=File:Oman single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of Oman|size_of_population=4,962,758 (Jan 31. 2023)|nation=Omani|official=[[Arabic]]|age_0–14_years=26.53%|age_15–64_years=70.88%|age_65_years=2.59%|growth=1.84% (2022 est.)|birth=22.11 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=3.23 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_at_birth=1.05 male(s)/female|sr_under_15=1.05 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.79 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1.17 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=14.45 deaths/1,000 live births|life=76.9 years|life_male=74.96 years|life_female=78.93 years (2022 est.)|fertility=2.7 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}

[[Demographics]] of the [[population]] of [[Oman]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

About 50% of the population in Oman lives in [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] and the [[Al Batinah Region|Batinah]] coastal plain northwest of the capital; about 200,000 live in the [[Dhofar|Dhofar Governorate]]; and about 30,000 live in the remote [[Musandam Peninsula]] on the [[Strait of Hormuz]].

Since 1970, the government has given high priority to education in order to develop a domestic work force, which the government considers a vital factor in the country's economic and social progress. In 1986, Oman's first university, [[Sultan Qaboos University]], opened. Other post secondary institutions include a law school, technical college, banking institute, teachers' training college, and health sciences institute. Some 200 scholarships are awarded each year for study abroad.

Nine private colleges exist, providing two-year post secondary diplomas. Since 1999, the government has embarked on reforms in higher education designed to meet the needs of a growing population. Under the reformed system, four public regional universities were created, and incentives are provided by the government to promote the upgrading of the existing nine private colleges and the creation of other degree-granting private colleges.

== Population ==
[[Image:Oman demographie.png|thumb|300px|right|Demographics of Oman, Data of [[FAO]], year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]]

=== Census results ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moneoman.gov.om/default.aspx |title=Sultanate of Oman Ministry of National Economy |access-date=2010-11-13 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20101113142325/http://www.moneoman.gov.om/%2fDefault-ar.aspx |archive-date=2010-11-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! Total population
! colspan=2| Omani population
! colspan=2| Expatriate population
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 2,000,000
| align="right" | 1,465,000 || {{percentage bar|73.3}}
| align="right" | 535,000 || {{percentage bar|26.7}}
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 2,340,815
| align="right" | 1,781,558 || {{percentage bar|76.1}}
| align="right" | 559,257 || {{percentage bar|23.9}}
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 2,773,479
| align="right" | 1,957,336 || {{percentage bar|70.6}}
| align="right" | 816,143 || {{percentage bar|29.4}}
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 4,092,000
| align="right" | 2,303,000 || {{percentage bar|56.3}}
| align="right" | 1,789,000 || {{percentage bar|43.7}}
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 4,550,538
| align="right" | 2,462,768 || {{percentage bar|54.1}}
| align="right" | 2,082,478 || {{percentage bar|46.1}}
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 5,106,458
| align="right" | 2,994,601 || {{percentage bar|59.98}}
| align="right" | 1,997,763 || {{percentage bar|40.02}}
|}

=== UN estimates ===
{{Historical populations
|align=right
|percentages=pagr
|1950|456000 |1960|557000 |1970|732000 |1980|1181000 |1990|1868000 |2000|2264000 |2010|2782000
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm| title = World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision}}</ref>
|17=2020|18=5106458}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>
! width="80pt"|Total population (thousands)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 0–14 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 15–64 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
| 1950
| align="right" |  456
| align="right" | 42.3
| align="right" | 54.6
| align="right" | 3.0
|-
| 1955
| align="right" |  501
| align="right" | 43.6
| align="right" | 53.2
| align="right" | 3.2
|-
| 1960
| align="right" |  557
| align="right" | 44.6
| align="right" | 52.1
| align="right" | 3.2
|-
| 1965
| align="right" |  631
| align="right" | 45.6
| align="right" | 51.2
| align="right" | 3.3
|-
| 1970
| align="right" |  732
| align="right" | 46.4
| align="right" | 50.4
| align="right" | 3.2
|-
| 1975
| align="right" |  898
| align="right" | 46.1
| align="right" | 50.9
| align="right" | 3.0
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 1 181
| align="right" | 45.6
| align="right" | 51.8
| align="right" | 2.6
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 1 539
| align="right" | 46.0
| align="right" | 51.6
| align="right" | 2.4
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 1 868
| align="right" | 45.6
| align="right" | 52.1
| align="right" | 2.3
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 2 232
| align="right" | 40.3
| align="right" | 57.5
| align="right" | 2.2
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 2 264
| align="right" | 36.7
| align="right" | 60.8
| align="right" | 2.5
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 2 430
| align="right" | 32.1
| align="right" | 65.1
| align="right" | 2.8
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 2 782
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 70.3
| align="right" | 2.5
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 4 321
| align="right" | 32.1
| align="right" | 65.1
| align="right" | 2.8
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 5 106
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 70.3
| align="right" | 2.5
|}

=== Structure of the population ===
{{Hidden begin
|title= Structure of the population (01.VII.2009) (Estimates):<ref name="unstats.un.org">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]}}{{nonspecific|date=May 2022}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 971 115
| align="right" | 1 202 802
| align="right" | 3 173 917
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 139 614
| align="right" | 132 530
| align="right" | 272 144
| align="right" | 8.57
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 124 776
| align="right" | 120 250
| align="right" | 245 026
| align="right" | 7.72
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 129 964
| align="right" | 124 646
| align="right" | 254 610
| align="right" | 8.02
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 145 215
| align="right" | 139 611
| align="right" | 284 826
| align="right" | 8.97
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 238 483
| align="right" | 148 965
| align="right" | 387 448
| align="right" | 12.21
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 327 686
| align="right" | 147 717
| align="right" | 475 403
| align="right" | 14.98
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 247 107
| align="right" | 120 429
| align="right" | 367 536
| align="right" | 11.58
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 192 483
| align="right" | 79 617
| align="right" | 272 100
| align="right" | 8.57
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 149 090
| align="right" | 58 112
| align="right" | 207 202
| align="right" | 6.53
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 103 908
| align="right" | 41 522
| align="right" | 145 430
| align="right" | 4.58
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 83 057
| align="right" | 30 530
| align="right" | 113 587
| align="right" | 3.58
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 40 488
| align="right" | 19 402
| align="right" | 59 890
| align="right" | 1.89
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 23 538
| align="right" | 16 192
| align="right" | 39 730
| align="right" | 1.25
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 11 811
| align="right" | 9 000
| align="right" | 20 811
| align="right" | 0.66
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 7 721
| align="right" | 7 212
| align="right" | 14 933
| align="right" | 0.47
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 3 303
| align="right" | 3 514
| align="right" | 6 817
| align="right" | 0.21
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 2 871
| align="right" | 3 553
| align="right" | 6 424
| align="right" | 0.20
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 394 354
| align="right" | 377 426
| align="right" | 771 780
| align="right" | 24.32
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 1 551 055
| align="right" | 802 097
| align="right" | 2 353 152
| align="right" | 74.14
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 25 706
| align="right" | 23 279
| align="right" | 48 985
| align="right" | 1.54
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin
|title= Structure of the population (01.VII.2012) (Estimates)
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 2 332 687
| align="right" | 1 290 314
| align="right" | 3 623 001
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 164 406
| align="right" | 158 435
| align="right" | 322 841
| align="right" | 8.91
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 132 469
| align="right" | 127 235
| align="right" | 259 704
| align="right" | 7.17
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 111 287
| align="right" | 105 301
| align="right" | 216 588
| align="right" | 5.98
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 128 311
| align="right" | 119 875
| align="right" | 248 186
| align="right" | 6.85
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 262 201
| align="right" | 147 485
| align="right" | 409 686
| align="right" | 11.31
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 438 633
| align="right" | 160 772
| align="right" | 599 405
| align="right" | 16.54
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 335 104
| align="right" | 131 241
| align="right" | 466 345
| align="right" | 12.87
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 234 343
| align="right" | 96 312
| align="right" | 330 655
| align="right" | 9.13
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 177 171
| align="right" | 63 301
| align="right" | 240 472
| align="right" | 6.64
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 122 574
| align="right" | 47 241
| align="right" | 169 815
| align="right" | 4.69
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 89 917
| align="right" | 39 602
| align="right" | 129 519
| align="right" | 3.57
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 56 448
| align="right" | 28 380
| align="right" | 84 828
| align="right" | 2.34
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 28 338
| align="right" | 20 629
| align="right" | 48 967
| align="right" | 1.35
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 17 199
| align="right" | 15 561
| align="right" | 32 760
| align="right" | 0.90
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 13 925
| align="right" | 12 439
| align="right" | 26 364
| align="right" | 0.73
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 9 475
| align="right" | 7 373
| align="right" | 16 848
| align="right" | 0,47
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 10 882
| align="right" | 9 113
| align="right" | 19 995
| align="right" | 0.55
|-
| align="right" | unknown
| align="right" | 4
| align="right" | 19
| align="right" | 23
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 408 162
| align="right" | 390 971
| align="right" | 799 133
| align="right" | 22.06
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 1 873 040
| align="right" | 854 838
| align="right" | 2 727 878
| align="right" | 75.29
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 51 481
| align="right" | 44 486
| align="right" | 95 967
| align="right" | 2.65
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 12.XII.2020) (E-census data based 100% on administrative registers.): <ref>{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ | title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 2 739 954
| align="right" | 1 731 194
| align="right" | 4 471 148
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 225 585
| align="right" | 217 574
| align="right" | 443 159
| align="right" | 9.91
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 214 408
| align="right" | 205 923
| align="right" | 420 331
| align="right" | 9.40
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 164 249
| align="right" | 158 269
| align="right" | 322 518
| align="right" | 7.21
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 128 650
| align="right" | 123 805
| align="right" | 252 455
| align="right" | 5.65
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 178 099
| align="right" | 126 838
| align="right" | 304 937
| align="right" | 6.82
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 364 479
| align="right" | 167 905
| align="right" | 532 384
| align="right" | 11.91
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 426 671
| align="right" | 185 002
| align="right" | 611 673
| align="right" | 13.68
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 355 022
| align="right" | 159 996
| align="right" | 515 018
| align="right" | 11.52
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 245 069
| align="right" | 122 600
| align="right" | 367 669
| align="right" | 8.22
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 162 792
| align="right" | 78 866
| align="right" | 241 658
| align="right" | 5.40
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 107 609
| align="right" | 52 247
| align="right" | 159 856
| align="right" | 3.58
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 67 579
| align="right" | 39 990
| align="right" | 107 569
| align="right" | 2.41
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 43 899
| align="right" | 32 405
| align="right" | 76 304
| align="right" | 1.71
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 21 548
| align="right" | 21 790
| align="right" | 43 338
| align="right" | 0.97
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 14 117
| align="right" | 15 524
| align="right" | 29 641
| align="right" | 0.66
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 9 414
| align="right" | 10 427
| align="right" | 19 841
| align="right" | 0.44
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 6 369
| align="right" | 6 459
| align="right" | 12 828
| align="right" | 0.29
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 2 813
| align="right" | 3 176
| align="right" | 5 989
| align="right" | 0.13
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 1 066
| align="right" | 1 462
| align="right" | 2 528
| align="right" | 0.06
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 319
| align="right" | 597
| align="right" | 916
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 197
| align="right" | 339
| align="right" | 536
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 604 242
| align="right" | 581 766
| align="right" | 1 186 008
| align="right" | 26.53
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 2 079 869
| align="right" | 1 089 654
| align="right" | 3 169 523
| align="right" | 70.89
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 55 843
| align="right" | 59 774
| align="right" | 115 617
| align="right" | 2.59
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}
{{Chart|definition=Oman Population Change.chart|data=Oman Population Change.tab|Width=450}}
{{Chart|definition=Oman Infant Mortality.chart|data=Oman Infant Mortality.tab|Width=450}}
{{Chart|definition=Oman TFR.chart|data=Oman TFR.tab|Width=450}}

== Vital statistics ==
===Registered births and deaths===
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://data.gov.om/OMPOP2016/population | title=Population - DATA PORTAL }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="70"|Year
! width="70"|Population
! width="70"|Live births
! width="70"|Deaths
! width="70"|Natural increase
! width="70"|Crude birth rate
! width="70"|Crude death rate
! width="70"|Rate of natural increase
! width="70"|TFR
|-
| align="right" | 2006
| align="right" | 2,577,062
| align="right" | 49,494
| align="right" | 5,484
| align="right" | 44,010
| align="right" | 19.2
| align="right" | 2.1
| align="right" | 17.1
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.660
|-
| align="right" | 2007
| align="right" | 2,743,499
| align="right" | 52,500
| align="right" | 6,810
| align="right" | 45,690
| align="right" | 19.1
| align="right" | 2.5
| align="right" | 16.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.589
|-
| align="right" | 2008
| align="right" | 2,867,428
| align="right" | 58,250
| align="right" | 7,415
| align="right" | 50,835
| align="right" | 20.3
| align="right" | 2.6
| align="right" | 17.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.607
|-
| align="right" | 2009
| align="right" | 3,173,917
| align="right" | 64,735
| align="right" | 7,098
| align="right" | 57,637
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 2.2
| align="right" | 18.2
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.669
|-
| align="right" | 2010
| align="right" | 2,773,479
| align="right" | 65,528
| align="right" | 6,974
| align="right" | 58,554
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | 2.7
| align="right" | 20.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.974
|-
| align="right" | 2011
| align="right" | 3,295,298
| align="right" | 67,922
| align="right" | 7,667
| align="right" | 60,255
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" | 2.3
| align="right" | 18.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.853
|-
| align="right" | 2012
| align="right" | 3,623,001
| align="right" | 72,867
| align="right" | 7,884
| align="right" | 64,983
| align="right" | 20.1
| align="right" | 2.2
| align="right" | 17.9
|style="text-align:right;color:blue;"| 2.818
|-
| align="right" | 2013
| align="right" | 3,855,206
| align="right" | 79,417
| align="right" | 7,669
| align="right" | 71,748
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 18.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.882
|-
| align="right" | 2014
| align="right" | 3,992,893
| align="right" | 82,981
| align="right" | 7,819
| align="right" | 75,162
| align="right" | 21.9
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 19.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.900
|-
| align="right" | 2015
| align="right" | 4,159,102
| align="right" | 86,286
| align="right" | 8,167
| align="right" | 78,119
| align="right" | 19.3
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 17.3
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.903
|-
| align="right" | 2016
| align="right" | 4,414,051
| align="right" | 88,346
| align="right" | 8,828
| align="right" | 79,518
| align="right" | 20.0
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 18.0
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.888
|-
| align="right" | 2017
| align="right" | 4,559,963
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 90,371
| align="right" | 8,861
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 81,510
| align="right" | 20.5
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 18.6
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.895
|-
| align="right" | 2018
| align="right" | 4,601,706
| align="right" | 89,071
| align="right" | 8,979
| align="right" | 80,092
| align="right" | 19.4
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 17.5
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.858
|-
| align="right" | 2019
| align="right" | 4,617,927
| align="right" | 86,819
| align="right" | 8,581
| align="right" | 78,238
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 16.9
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.689
|-
| align="right" | 2020
| align="right" | 4,481,042
| align="right" | 84,405
| align="right" | 10,589
| align="right" | 73,816
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 2.4
| align="right" | 16.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.664
|-
| align="right" | 2021
| align="right" | 4,527,446
| align="right" | 82,224
|style="text-align:right; color:red;"| 12,649
| align="right" | 69,575
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 2.8
| align="right" | 15.4
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.604
|-
| align="right" |2022
| align="right" |4,933,850
| align="right" |77,628
| align="right" |10,035
| align="right" |67,593
| align="right" |15.7
| align="right" |2.0
| align="right" |13.7
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.305
|-
| align="right" |2023
| align="right" |5,165,602
| align="right" |71,107
| align="right" |8,982
| align="right" |62,125
| align="right" |13.8
| align="right" |1.7
| align="right" |12.0
| align="right" |2.010
|-
| align="right" |2024
|style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 5,268,072
| align="right" |70,209
| align="right" |9,264
| align="right" |60,945
| align="right" |13.3
| align="right" |1.8
| align="right" |11.5
|style="text-align:right; color:red;"| 1.913
|}

=== UN estimates ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! width="80pt"|Period<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=population.un.org}}</ref>
! width="80pt"|Live births per year
! width="80pt" |Deaths per year
! width="80pt" |Natural change per year
! width="80pt"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt" |TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt" |IMR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt" |Life expectancy (years)
|-
|1950
|   25 000
|   16 000
|   8 000
|53.7
|35.7
|18.1
|7.25
|277.0
|29.7
|-
|1951
|  25 000
|  16 000
|  9 000
|53.8
|35.4
|18.4
|7.25
|274.3
|30.0
|-
|1952
|  25 000
|  17 000
|  9 000
|53.8
|35.0
|18.7
|7.25
|270.4
|30.5
|-
|1953
|  26 000
|  17 000
|  9 000
|53.8
|34.6
|19.2
|7.25
|266.4
|31.0
|-
|1954
|  26 000
|  17 000
|  10 000
|53.8
|34.2
|19.6
|7.25
|263.2
|31.44
|-
|1955
|  27 000
|  17 000
|  10 000
|53.8
|33.8
|20.0
|7.25
|259.6
|31.92
|-
|1956
|  27 000
|  17 000
|  10 000
|53.7
|33.4
|20.4
|7.25
|256.2
|32.37
|-
|1957
|  27 000
|  17 000
|  11 000
|53.8
|33.0
|20.8
|7.25
|252.1
|32.86
|-
|1958
|  28 000
|  17 000
|  11 000
|53.8
|32.4
|21.4
|7.25
|248.0
|33.48
|-
|1959
|  28 000
|  17 000
|  12 000
|53.8
|31.9
|21.9
|7.25
|243.9
|34.07
|-
|1960
|  29 000
|  16 000
|  12 000
|53.7
|30.5
|23.2
|7.25
|234.0
|35.45
|-
|1961
|  29 000
|  16 000
|  13 000
|53.5
|29.2
|24.3
|7.25
|225.0
|36.82
|-
|1962
|  30 000
|  16 000
|  14 000
|53.1
|27.9
|25.2
|7.25
|216.1
|38.19
|-
|1963
|  30 000
|15 000
|  15 000
|52.8
|26.8
|26.0
|7.26
|207.9
|39.42
|-
|1964
|  31 000
|  15 000
|  16 000
|52.4
|25.6
|26.8
|7.26
|199.8
|40.68
|-
|1965
|  31 000
|  15 000
|  16 000
|52.0
|24.5
|27.5
|7.27
|191.9
|41.89
|-
|1966
|  31 000
|  14 000
|  17 000
|51.5
|23.4
|28.1
|7.28
|184.1
|43.07
|-
|1967
|  32 000
|  14 000
|  18 000
|51.0
|22.3
|28.7
|7.28
|176.5
|44.29
|-
|1968
|  32 000
|  14 000
|  19 000
|50.6
|21.2
|29.4
|7.29
|168.9
|45.53
|-
|1969
|  33 000
|  13 000
|  20 000
|50.2
|20.2
|30.0
|7.29
|161.3
|46.68
|-
|1970
|  34 000
|  13 000
|  21 000
|49.9
|19.4
|30.6
|7.31
|154.1
|47.68
|-
|1971
|  34 000
|  13 000
|  22 000
|49.8
|18.4
|31.4
|7.35
|146.8
|48.93
|-
|1972
|  35 000
|  13 000
|  23 000
|49.9
|17.8
|32.1
|7.41
|139.2
|49.57
|-
|1973
|  37 000
|  12 000
|  24 000
|50.1
|16.9
|33.3
|7.50
|132.0
|50.86
|-
|1974
|  38 000
|  12 000
|  26 000
|50.5
|16.0
|34.5
|7.62
|124.8
|52.10
|-
|1975
|  40 000
|  12 000
|  29 000
|51.6
|15.2
|36.4
|7.75
|117.5
|53.30
|-
|1976
|  43 000
|  12 000
|  31 000
|52.2
|14.1
|38.2
|7.86
|110.3
|55.22
|-
|1977
|  45 000
|  12 000
|  34 000
|52.8
|13.4
|39.4
|7.94
|103.4
|56.26
|-
|1978
|  48 000
|  11 000
|  37 000
|53.0
|12.4
|40.6
|7.99
|95.8
|57.71
|-
|1979
|  51 000
|  11 000
|  40 000
|53.2
|11.5
|41.7
|8.04
|88.6
|59.15
|-
|1980
|  54 000
|  11 000
|  43 000
|53.4
|10.7
|42.7
|8.10
|81.6
|60.45
|-
|1981
|  57 000
|  11 000
|  46 000
|53.2
|9.9
|43.3
|8.13
|74.9
|61.65
|-
|1982
|  60 000
|  10 000
|  49 000
|52.8
|9.1
|43.7
|8.10
|68.2
|62.96
|-
|1983
|  62 000
|  10 000
|  52 000
|51.9
|8.3
|43.6
|8.02
|62.1
|64.22
|-
|1984
|  64 000
|  10 000
|  55 000
|50.7
|7.6
|43.1
|7.90
|56.3
|65.25
|-
|1985
|  66 000
|  9 000
|  57 000
|49.3
|7.0
|42.4
|7.76
|51.1
|66.27
|-
|1986
|  66 000
|  9 000
|  57 000
|46.5
|6.4
|40.1
|7.58
|46.4
|67.01
|-
|1987
|  66 000
|  9 000
|  58 000
|43.8
|5.8
|38.0
|7.37
|42.1
|67.89
|-
|1988
|  66 000
|  8 000
|  58 000
|41.3
|5.3
|36.0
|7.14
|38.4
|68.58
|-
|1989
|  66 000
|  8 000
|  58 000
|38.8
|4.9
|33.9
|6.87
|35.0
|69.16
|-
|1990
|  65 000
|  8 000
|  57 000
|36.6
|4.5
|32.0
|6.61
|31.9
|69.78
|-
|1991
|  65 000
|  8 000
|  57 000
|34.6
|4.3
|30.3
|6.34
|29.1
|70.19
|-
|1992
|  64 000
|  8 000
|  56 000
|32.6
|4.1
|28.6
|6.05
|26.5
|70.66
|-
|1993
|  64 000
|  8 000
|  56 000
|30.9
|3.8
|27.0
|5.76
|24.2
|71.17
|-
|1994
|  63 000
|  8 000
|  55 000
|29.3
|3.7
|25.5
|5.47
|22.1
|71.39
|-
|1995
|  61 000
|  8 000
|  54 000
|28.2
|3.5
|24.6
|5.19
|20.3
|71.99
|-
|1996
|  61 000
|  8 000
|  53 000
|27.5
|3.5
|24.0
|4.90
|18.7
|72.19
|-
|1997
|  60 000
|  8 000
|  53 000
|26.8
|3.4
|23.4
|4.62
|17.3
|72.42
|-
|1998
|  60 000
|  8 000
|  53 000
|26.3
|3.3
|23.0
|4.34
|16.1
|72.97
|-
|1999
|  60 000
|  8 000
|  52 000
|25.8
|3.2
|22.5
|4.13
|15.0
|73.18
|-
|2000
|  58 000
|  7 000
|  51 000
|24.8
|3.2
|21.6
|3.89
|14.0
|73.47
|-
|2001
|  57 000
|  7 000
|  50 000
|24.0
|3.1
|21.0
|3.69
|13.1
|73.81
|-
|2002
|  56 000
|  7 000
|  49 000
|23.3
|3.0
|20.2
|3.50
|12.4
|73.87
|-
|2003
|  55 000
|  7 000
|  48 000
|22.7
|3.0
|19.8
|3.35
|11.8
|74.14
|-
|2004
|  55 000
|  7 000
|  48 000
|22.2
|2.9
|19.3
|3.20
|11.3
|74.33
|-
|2005
|  54 000
|  7 000
|  46 000
|21.4
|2.9
|18.5
|3.05
|10.9
|74.40
|-
|2006
|  53 000
|  7 000
|  46 000
|20.7
|2.9
|17.8
|2.92
|10.6
|74.48
|-
|2007
|  53 000
|  8 000
|  46 000
|20.5
|3.0
|17.6
|2.81
|10.6
|74.46
|-
|2008
|  56 000
|  8 000
|  48 000
|21.1
|3.0
|18.2
|2.81
|10.3
|74.61
|-
|2009
|  60 000
|  8 000
|  52 000
|22.3
|3.0
|19.3
|2.84
|10.1
|74.68
|-
|2010
|  64 000
|  7 000
|  57 000
|23.4
|2.6
|20.8
|2.94
|10.0
|76.27
|-
|2011
|  70 000
|  8 000
|  62 000
|22.6
|2.5
|20.2
|2.94
|9.9
|76.61
|-
|2012
|  75 000
|  8 000
|  67 000
|21.9
|2.3
|19.6
|2.93
|9.8
|77.06
|-
|2013
|  81 000
|  9 000
|  72 000
|21.6
|2.3
|19.3
|2.95
|9.7
|77.25
|-
|2014
|  85 000
|  9 000
|  76 000
|21.3
|2.2
|19.1
|2.96
|9.6
|77.45
|-
|2015
|  88 000
|  9 000
|  79 000
|21.3
|2.2
|19.1
|2.96
|9.6
|77.69
|-
|2016
|  90 000
|  9 000
|  81 000
|20.8
|2.2
|18.6
|2.95
|9.6
|77.92
|-
|2017
|  92 000
|  10 000
|  82 000
|20.3
|2.2
|18.1
|2.94
|9.5
|77.92
|-
|2018
|  92 000
|  10 000
|  82 000
|19.8
|2.2
|17.6
|2.88
|9.5
|77.97
|-
|2019
|  90 000
|  10 000
|  80 000
|19.3
|2.2
|17.1
|2.78
|9.5
|78.00
|-
|2020
|  87 000
|  14 000
|  73 000
|18.8
|3.0
|15.8
|2.69
|9.4
|74.76
|-
|2021
|  83 000
|  17 000
|  66 000
|18.4
|3.8
|14.6
|2.62
|9.3
|72.54
|-
| colspan="10" | <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
|}

===Life expectancy at birth===
[[File:Life expectancy in Oman.svg|thumb|[[Life expectancy]] in Oman since 1950]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Oman -diff.png|thumb|Life expectancy in Oman since 1960 by gender]]
:''total population:'' 75.7 years
:''male:'' 73.7 years
:''female:'' 77.7 years (2017 est)

== Ethnic groups ==
According to the CIA, Oman's population chiefly consists of Omani [[Arabs]], with a small minority having [[Baloch people|Balochi]] (''[[Al-Balushi]]'') descent. [[Desi|South Asians]] (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi) are common due to migrants and foreign workers, with an [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]] and [[Afro-Arabs|Afro-Arab]] minority.<ref name="pop">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |title=Oman|publisher=CIA – The World Factbook|access-date=29 October 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Omani area of influence small.svg|thumb|left|Parts of Asia and Africa were once part of Oman.]]
Omani society is largely [[tribal]].<ref name=fa>{{cite magazine|title=Creating Modern Oman: An Interview with Sultan Qabus|date=28 January 2009|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53039/judith-miller/creating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus|last1=Miller|first1=Judith}}</ref><ref name=inequal>{{cite book|title=Social and Gender Inequality in Oman: The Power of Religious and Political Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb6Pgy1Q0vQC&pg=PA40|page=40|isbn = 9780415672412|quote=Omani society largely remains attached to the pre-1970 tribal structure.|last1 = Al-Azri|first1 = Khalid M.|year = 2013| publisher=Routledge }}</ref> Oman has three known types of identities. Two of these identities are 'tribalism' and 'Ibadism'; the third identity is linked to 'maritime trade'. The first two identities are widespread in the interior of Oman; these identities are closely tied to tradition, as a result of lengthy periods of isolation. The third identity, which pertains to Muscat and the coastal areas of Oman, is an identity that has become embodied in business and [[trade]]. The third identity is generally seen to be more open and tolerant towards others. Thus, tension between socio-cultural groups in Omani society exists. More important is the existence of [[social inequality]] between these three groups.<ref name=inequal/> Gwadar, a region of Balochistan in Pakistan, was a Colony of Oman for more than a century. In 1958, Pakistan bought Gwadar from Oman for US$22.4 million, and hence many Omanis have Baloch descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world|title = Arab legacy lingers as Pakistan's Gwadar grows from tiny fishing town into port city|date = 29 April 2019}}</ref>

== Languages ==
Languages commonly spoken in Oman include [[Arabic]] (official), [[Bengali language|Bangla]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[Urdu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Jadgali language|Jadgali]], [[Achomi language|Achomi]], [[Shehri language|Shehri]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and other [[Languages of India|Indian languages]]

== Religion ==
{{main|Religion in Oman}}
The religious affiliations in Oman in 2021 according to the CIA World Factbook were [[Islam in Oman|Islam]] 85.9%, [[Christianity in Oman|Christianity]] 6.5%, [[Hinduism in Oman|Hindu]] 5.5%, [[Buddhism in the Middle East|Buddhist]] 0.8%, [[Religion in Oman|Other]] 1%, Unaffiliated 0.2%.<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/|title= Middle East OMAN|date= 14 December 2021|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref>

Omani citizens are predominantly Muslim. Proportionally 47% are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]], 35% are [[Ibadi Islam|Ibadi Muslims]] and 6% [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oman - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>

== Migration ==
===Immigration===
Because of the combination of a relatively small local Omani population and a fast-growing oil-driven economy, Oman has attracted many migrants. At the 2014 census the total immigrant population was 1,789,000 or 43.7% of the population.<ref>[http://85.154.248.117/MONE2010/ Preliminary Results of the Oman Census 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031533/http://85.154.248.117/MONE2010/ |date=2011-07-06 }}</ref> Most migrants are males from India (465,660 for both sexes), Bangladesh (107,125) or Pakistan (84,658). Female migrant workers are mainly from Indonesia (25,300), the Philippines (15,651) or Sri Lanka (10,178). Migrants from Arab countries account for 68,986 migrants (Egypt 29,877, Jordan 7,403, Sudan 6,867, UAE 6,426, Iraq 4,159, Saudi Arabia 725, Bahrain 388, Qatar 168, other 12,683) and other Asian countries for 12,939 migrants. There were 8,541 migrants from Europe, 1,540 from the United States and 15,565 from other countries.

=== Emigration ===
Today several thousand Omani-born people have emigrated abroad. The figures are shown below (only countries with more than 100 Omani-born residents are listed).<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] |access-date=2008-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=2009-06-17 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Country
! Omani population
|-
| {{flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]]
| 2,024
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]
| 390
|-
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada]]
| 260
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia]]
| 148
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Japan]]
| 24
|}

=== Foreign residents ===

The Gulf Labour Markets and Migration Research Centre established that 45% of the population had a foreign background in 2017. <ref>GLMM, "Oman: Population by country of citizenship (2017)", Gulf Labour Markets, Migration, and Population Programme, [https://gulfmigration.grc.net/oman-population-by-country-of-citizenship-selected-nationalities-and-sex-2017-2/ link].</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Foreign population in Oman (2017)
|-
! Rank !! Country !! Population
|-
| 1 || {{flag|India}} || 766,735
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 718,856
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Pakistan}} || 268,868
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 46,970
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Philippines}} || 45,213
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Uganda}} || 20,886
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 20,003
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Tanzania}} || 17,077
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Nepal}} || 16,580
|-
|10 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || 14,155
|-
|11 || {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 13,572
|-
! colspan="2" | Total non-Omanis || 2,054,594
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Oman}}
* [[Freedom of religion in Oman]]
* [[Religion in Oman]]
* [[Islam in Oman]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|Oman}}

=== Government ===
*[http://www.mofa.gov.om Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs]

{{Demographics of Oman}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}

[[Category:Demographics of Oman| ]]
[[Category:Society of Oman]]