View source for Demographics of Mali

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{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Mali]]|image=File:Mali single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=250|caption=Population pyramid of Mali in 2020|size_of_population=20,741,769 (2022 est.)|nation=Malian|official=French|age_0–14_years=47.69%|age_65_years=3.02%|growth=2.95% (2022 est.)|birth=41.07 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=8.53 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-3.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=60.64 deaths/1,000 live births|life=62.41 years|life_male=60.19 years|life_female=64.7 years|fertility=5.54 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}
[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Mali]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
[[Image:Mali-demography.png|thumb|250px|Mali's population (1890-2021)]]

== Population ==
In {{UN_Population|Year}}, Mali's population was an estimated {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Mali}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}} million{{UN_Population|ref}}, with an annual growth rate of 2.7%.<ref name=cia>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025059/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/ml.html CIA world factbook].</ref> This figure can be  compared to 4,638,000 in 1950.<ref name="WPP 2010"/> The population is predominantly [[rural]] (68% in 2002), and 5–10% of Malians are [[nomad]]ic.<ref name=cp>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Mali.pdf Mali country profile]. [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (January 2005). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> More than 90% of the population lives in the southern part of the country, especially in [[Bamako]], which has over 1 million residents.<ref name=cp/>

In 2007, about 48% of Malians were less than 15 years old, 49% were 15–64 years old, and 3% were 65 and older.<ref name=cia/> The median age was 15.9 years.<ref name=cia/> The [[birth rate]] in 2007 was 49.6 births per 1,000, and the [[total fertility rate]] was 7.4 children per woman.<ref name=cia/>

The [[death rate]] in 2007 was 16.5 deaths per 1,000.<ref name=cia/> [[Life expectancy]] at birth was 49.5 years total (47.6 for males and 51.5 for females).<ref name=cia/> Mali has one of the [[List of countries by infant mortality rate|world's highest rates]] of [[infant mortality]],<ref name=cp/> with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births.<ref name=cia/>

The proportion of the population aged below 15 in 2010 was 47.2%.<ref name="WPP 2010"/> 50.6%  of the population were aged between 15 and 65 years of age. 2.2% of the population were aged 65 years or older.<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80" |Total population
! width="80" |Population aged 0–14 (%)
! width="80" |Population aged 15–64 (%)
! width="80" |Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
| 1950
|4 638 000||38.9||58.3||2.8
|-
| 1955
|4 928 000||40.1||57.4||2.5
|-
| 1960
|5 248 000||40.5||57.2||2.3
|-
| 1965
|5 597 000||41.5||56.2||2.3
|-
| 1970
|6 034 000||42.3||55.2||2.4
|-
| 1975
|6 604 000||43.3||54.1||2.6
|-
| 1980
|7 246 000||44.6||52.6||2.8
|-
| 1985
|8 010 000||45.8||51.3||2.9
|-
| 1990
|8 673 000||47.5||49.5||3.0
|-
| 1995
|9 825 000||47.4||49.9||2.8
|-
| 2000
|11 295 000||47.2||50.3||2.5
|-
| 2005
|13 177 000||47.1||50.6||2.3
|-
| 2010
|15 370 000||47.2||50.6||2.2
|}

=== Structure of the population ===
Structure of the population (census January 2009):<ref name="unstats.un.org">{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics|website=unstats.un.org|access-date=2017-08-27}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80" |Age group
! width="80" |Male
! width="80" |Female
! width="80" |Total
! width="80" |%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 7 204 990
| align="right" | 7 323 672
| align="right" | 14 528 662
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 1 328 871
| align="right" | 1 294 514
| align="right" | 2 623 385
| align="right" | 18.06
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 1 202 875
| align="right" | 1 154 948
| align="right" | 2 357 823
| align="right" | 16.23
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 918 866
| align="right" | 865 138
| align="right" | 1 784 004
| align="right" | 12.28
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 732 526
| align="right" | 783 620
| align="right" | 1 516 146
| align="right" | 10.44
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 529 535
| align="right" | 612 368
| align="right" | 1 141 903
| align="right" | 7.86
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 449 099
| align="right" | 546 603
| align="right" | 995 702
| align="right" | 6.85
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 385 003
| align="right" | 427 795
| align="right" | 812 798
| align="right" | 5.59
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 325 005
| align="right" | 326 894
| align="right" | 651 949
| align="right" | 4.49
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 271 239
| align="right" | 275 364
| align="right" | 546 603
| align="right" | 3.76
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 228 626
| align="right" | 217 261
| align="right" | 445 887
| align="right" | 3.07
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 189 424
| align="right" | 192 382
| align="right" | 381 806
| align="right" | 2.63
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 148 594
| align="right" | 134 083
| align="right" | 282 677
| align="right" | 1.95
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 127 557
| align="right" | 123 461
| align="right" | 251 018
| align="right" | 1.73
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 88 292
| align="right" | 77 082
| align="right" | 165 374
| align="right" | 1.14
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 67 319
| align="right" | 66 063
| align="right" | 133 382
| align="right" | 0.92
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 40 904
| align="right" | 36 197
| align="right" | 77 101
| align="right" | 0.53
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 41 992
| align="right" | 43 602
| align="right" | 85 594
| align="right" | 0.59
|-
| align="right" | unknown
| align="right" | 129 213
| align="right" | 146 297
| align="right" | 275 510
| align="right" | 1.90
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80" |Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 3 450 612
| align="right" | 3 314 600
| align="right" | 6 765 212
| align="right" | 46.56
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 3 386 658
| align="right" | 3 639 831
| align="right" | 7 026 489
| align="right" | 48.36
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 238 507
| align="right" | 222 944
| align="right" | 461 451
| align="right" | 3.18
|-
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (January 2018):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 9 631 376
| align="right" | 9 786 721
| align="right" | 19 418 097
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 1 824 718
| align="right" | 1 854 149
| align="right" | 3 678 867
| align="right" | 18.95
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 1 481 610
| align="right" | 1 505 507
| align="right" | 2 987 117
| align="right" | 15.38
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 1 235 790 
| align="right" | 1 255 722
| align="right" | 2 491 512
| align="right" | 12.83
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 1 027 744
| align="right" | 1 044 321
| align="right" | 2 072 065
| align="right" | 10.67
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 872 370
| align="right" | 886 440
| align="right" | 1 758 810
| align="right" | 9.06
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 740 900
| align="right" | 752 850
| align="right" | 1 493 750
| align="right" | 7.69
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 608 309
| align="right" | 618 121
| align="right" | 1 226 430
| align="right" | 6.32
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 481 340
| align="right" | 489 104
| align="right" | 970 444
| align="right" | 5.00
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 363 798
| align="right" | 369 665
| align="right" | 733 463
| align="right" | 3.78
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 270 771
| align="right" | 275 138
| align="right" | 545 909
| align="right" | 2.81
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 211 869
| align="right" | 215 287
| align="right" | 427 156
| align="right" | 2.20
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 172 475
| align="right" | 175 257
| align="right" | 347 731
| align="right" | 1.79
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 127 886
| align="right" | 129 949
| align="right" | 257 835
| align="right" | 1.33
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 103 184
| align="right" | 104 848
| align="right" | 208 033
| align="right" | 1.07
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 60 828
| align="right" | 61 809
| align="right" | 122 637
| align="right" | 0.63
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 31 964
| align="right" | 32 479
| align="right" | 64 443
| align="right" | 0.33
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 15 820
| align="right" | 16 075
| align="right" | 31 895
| align="right" | 0.16
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 4 542 118
| align="right" | 4 615 378
| align="right" | 9 157 496
| align="right" | 47.16
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 4 877 462
| align="right" | 4 956 132
| align="right" | 9 833 594
| align="right" | 50.64
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 211 796
| align="right" | 215 211
| align="right" | 427 007
| align="right" | 2.20
|-
|}

== Vital statistics ==
Registration of vital events in Mali is not complete. The website [[Our World in Data]]  prepared the following estimates based on statistics <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population & Demography Data Explorer |url=https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography?facet=none&Metric=Population&Sex=Both+sexes&Age+group=Total&Projection+Scenario=None&country=~MLI |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> from the Population Department of the [[United Nations]]. (''UN World Population Prospects 2024'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |access-date=11 July 2024 |publisher=United Nations |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!
! style="width:80pt;"|Mid-year population (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Live births (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Total fertility rate]] (TFR)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Infant mortality]] (per 1000 live births)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Life expectancy]] (in years)
|-
|1950
|4 695
|   245
|   176
|   69
|52.2
|37.5
|14.7
|6.96
|211.1
|28.17
|-
|1951
|  4 760
|  247
|  178
|  69
|51.8
|37.3
|14.6
|6.96
|210.2
|28.29
|-
|1952
|  4 825
|  249
|  178
|  70
|51.5
|36.9
|14.6
|6.95
|208.4
|28.53
|-
|1953
|  4 888
|  250
|  179
|  72
|51.1
|36.5
|14.6
|6.95
|206.9
|28.76
|-
|1954
|  4 951
|  252
|  179
|  73
|50.8
|36.1
|14.7
|6.94
|205.5
|28.97
|-
|1955
|  5 015
|  254
|  180
|  74
|50.5
|35.8
|14.7
|6.94
|204.3
|29.13
|-
|1956
|  5 079
|  256
|  180
|  76
|50.4
|35.5
|14.9
|6.94
|203.3
|29.37
|-
|1957
|  5 145
|  259
|  182
|  77
|50.2
|35.3
|15.0
|6.95
|202.5
|29.47
|-
|1958
|  5 209
|  262
|  183
|  79
|50.2
|35.1
|15.1
|6.95
|201.8
|29.59
|-
|1959
|  5 275
|  267
|  185
|  81
|50.5
|35.1
|15.4
|6.99
|201.2
|29.65
|-
|1960
|  5 347
|  270
|  187
|  83
|50.5
|35.0
|15.5
|7.00
|200.6
|29.75
|-
|1961
|  5 420
|  274
|  189
|  84
|50.4
|34.9
|15.5
|7.00
|200.0
|29.83
|-
|1962
|  5 495
|  277
|  191
|  86
|50.4
|34.8
|15.6
|7.02
|199.3
|29.94
|-
|1963
|  5 570
|  281
|  193
|  88
|50.4
|34.6
|15.8
|7.03
|198.4
|30.15
|-
|1964
|  5 647
|  285
|  194
|  91
|50.4
|34.3
|16.1
|7.05
|197.3
|30.42
|-
|1965
|  5 726
|  290
|  195
|  94
|50.5
|34.1
|16.4
|7.08
|195.8
|30.62
|-
|1966
|  5 807
|  294
|  197
|  97
|50.6
|33.9
|16.7
|7.10
|194.0
|30.87
|-
|1967
|  5 888
|  299
|  198
|  101
|50.6
|33.6
|17.1
|7.13
|191.8
|31.21
|-
|1968
|  5 974
|  303
|  198
|  105
|50.7
|33.1
|17.5
|7.15
|189.4
|31.63
|-
|1969
|  6 062
|  306
|  199
|  108
|50.4
|32.7
|17.7
|7.17
|186.9
|32.05
|-
|1970
|  6 154
|  310
|  198
|  112
|50.4
|32.2
|18.2
|7.18
|183.9
|32.53
|-
|1971
|  6 248
|  315
|  199
|  116
|50.4
|31.8
|18.6
|7.20
|181.3
|32.94
|-
|1972
|  6 347
|  320
|  196
|  124
|50.3
|30.8
|19.5
|7.20
|177.8
|33.86
|-
|1973
|  6 455
|  326
|  195
|  131
|50.4
|30.2
|20.3
|7.21
|174.8
|34.57
|-
|1974
|  6 569
|  332
|  193
|  139
|50.4
|29.3
|21.1
|7.23
|171.9
|35.43
|-
|1975
|  6 687
|  338
|  192
|  146
|50.5
|28.6
|21.9
|7.24
|169.0
|36.23
|-
|1976
|  6 808
|  344
|  189
|  155
|50.4
|27.7
|22.7
|7.25
|165.5
|37.20
|-
|1977
|  6 935
|  350
|  187
|  163
|50.4
|26.9
|23.5
|7.28
|162.0
|38.11
|-
|1978
|  7 073
|  357
|  185
|  172
|50.4
|26.1
|24.3
|7.30
|158.5
|39.06
|-
|1979
|  7 218
|  365
|  183
|  182
|50.5
|25.3
|25.2
|7.32
|155.0
|39.95
|-
|1980
|  7 373
|  372
|  182
|  190
|50.3
|24.7
|25.7
|style="color:blue"|7.33
|151.5
|40.75
|-
|1981
|  7 533
|  379
|  183
|  195
|50.1
|24.3
|25.9
|7.32
|148.2
|41.22
|-
|1982
|  7 696
|  383
|  183
|  200
|49.6
|23.7
|25.9
|7.27
|144.6
|41.82
|-
|1983
|  7 864
|  387
|  184
|  204
|49.1
|23.3
|25.8
|7.23
|141.2
|42.14
|-
|1984
|  8 030
|  394
|  183
|  210
|48.9
|22.8
|26.1
|7.22
|138.0
|42.70
|-
|1985
|  8 188
|  399
|  183
|  216
|48.5
|22.3
|26.2
|7.21
|134.9
|43.21
|-
|1986
|  8 335
|  405
|  181
|  224
|48.3
|21.6
|26.7
|7.24
|131.7
|43.98
|-
|1987
|  8 474
|  408
|  179
|  229
|47.8
|21.0
|26.9
|7.25
|128.9
|44.69
|-
|1988
|  8 617
|  413
|  176
|  237
|47.7
|20.4
|27.3
|7.26
|126.3
|45.39
|-
|1989
|  8 774
|  416
|  176
|  241
|47.2
|19.9
|27.3
|7.28
|123.8
|45.88
|-
|1990
|  8 945
|  419
|  173
|  246
|46.7
|19.3
|27.4
|7.25
|121.8
|46.62
|-
|1991
|  9 124
|  430
|style="color:blue"|  172
|  258
|47.0
|18.8
|28.2
|7.23
|119.8
|47.22
|-
|1992
|  9 311
|  437
|  173
|  263
|46.7
|18.5
|28.2
|7.18
|118.1
|47.50
|-
|1993
|  9 507
|  443
|  174
|  269
|46.4
|18.3
|28.1
|7.12
|116.5
|47.73
|-
|1994
|  9 712
|  452
|  177
|  275
|46.4
|18.2
|28.2
|7.07
|115.2
|47.74
|-
|1995
|  9 921
|  455
|  179
|  275
|45.7
|18.0
|27.7
|6.99
|113.6
|47.82
|-
|1996
|  10 132
|  464
|  182
|  282
|45.7
|17.9
|27.8
|6.95
|112.1
|47.79
|-
|1997
|  10 359
|  477
|  180
|  297
|45.9
|17.4
|28.6
|6.91
|110.0
|48.53
|-
|1998
|  10 620
|  492
|  180
|  312
|46.2
|16.9
|29.3
|6.89
|107.9
|49.16
|-
|1999
|  10 917
|  513
|  180
|  333
|47.0
|16.5
|30.5
|6.88
|105.5
|49.80
|-
|2000
|  11 239
|  530
|  180
|  350
|47.1
|16.0
|31.1
|6.87
|102.8
|50.54
|-
|2001
|  11 584
|  549
|  180
|  369
|47.3
|15.5
|31.8
|6.85
|100.0
|51.28
|-
|2002
|  11 953
|  568
|  178
|  390
|47.5
|14.9
|32.6
|6.82
|97.1
|52.22
|-
|2003
|  12 342
|  588
|  178
|  410
|47.6
|14.4
|33.2
|6.78
|94.2
|52.89
|-
|2004
|  12 752
|  611
|  179
|  432
|47.9
|14.0
|33.9
|6.74
|91.4
|53.54
|-
|2005
|  13 181
|  633
|  180
|  453
|48.0
|13.7
|34.3
|6.72
|88.7
|54.00
|-
|2006
|  13 624
|  649
|  180
|  469
|47.6
|13.2
|34.4
|6.69
|86.2
|54.62
|-
|2007
|  14 081
|  666
|  182
|  484
|47.3
|12.9
|34.4
|6.66
|83.7
|54.94
|-
|2008
|  14 551
|  684
|  184
|  501
|47.0
|12.6
|34.4
|6.64
|81.2
|55.29
|-
|2009
|  15 033
|  705
|  183
|  521
|46.8
|12.2
|34.6
|6.61
|78.8
|55.87
|-
|2010
|  15 529
|  724
|  184
|  541
|46.6
|11.8
|style="color:blue"|34.8
|6.58
|76.5
|56.38
|-
|2011
|  16 040
|  743
|  185
|  558
|46.2
|11.5
|34.7
|6.55
|74.2
|56.76
|-
|2012
|  16 515
|  762
|  186
|  576
|45.9
|11.2
|34.7
|6.52
|72.0
|57.08
|-
|2013
|  17 004
|  771
|  186
|  585
|45.3
|10.9
|34.3
|6.49
|70.0
|57.36
|-
|2014
|  17 552
|  788
|  185
|  602
|44.8
|10.5
|34.2
|6.44
|67.8
|57.90
|-
|2015
|  18 113
|  804
|  185
|  619
|44.3
|10.2
|34.1
|6.39
|65.8
|58.36
|-
|2016
|  18 700
|  820
|  186
|  634
|43.8
|9.9
|33.9
|6.32
|63.9
|58.73
|-
|2017
|  19 311
|  839
|  186
|  652
|43.4
|9.6
|33.7
|6.25
|62.1
|59.13
|-
|2018
|  19 934
|  856
|  188
|  668
|42.9
|9.4
|33.5
|6.18
|60.4
|59.39
|-
|2019
|  20 567
|  873
|  190
|  683
|42.4
|style="color:blue"|9.2
|33.2
|6.10
|58.7
|59.66
|-
|2020
|  21 380
|  889
|  206
|  668
|41.0
|9.5
|30.8
|5.85
|57.1
|65.5
|-
|2021
|  22 048
|  911
|  208
|  681
| 40.7
|9.3
|30.4
|5.78
|55.4
|63.8
|-
|2022
|  22 729
|  931
|  204
|  687
|40.3
|8.9
|29.8
|5.69
|57.1
|62.4
|-
|2023
|  23 416
|  951
|  205
|  706
|40.0
|8.6
|29.7
|5.61
|60.8
|58.63
|-
|}
{{Chart|definition=Mali population (millions).chart|data=Mali population (millions).tab|Width=450}}
{{Chart|definition=Mali population natural change.chart|data=Mali population natural change.tab|Width=450}}
{{Chart|definition=Mali infant mortality.chart|data=Mali infant mortality.tab|Width=450}}
{{Chart|definition=Mali total fertility rate.chart|data=Mali total fertility rate.tab|Width=450}}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
[[Total fertility rate|Total Fertility Rate]] (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and [[Crude Birth Rate]] (CBR):<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=10&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|website=microdata.worldbank.org|access-date=2017-08-27}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:70pt;"| Year
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Rural)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Rural)
|-
| 1981-1983
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.10
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.85
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.17
|-
| 1984-1986
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.73
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.09
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.97
|-
| 1995-1996
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.7 (6.0)
| style="text-align:right;"| 39.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4 (4.8)
| style="text-align:right;"| 47.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.3 (6.6)
|-
| 2001
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.8 (6.1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.5 (4.8)
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.3 (6.6)
|-
| 2006
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.6 (6.0)
| style="text-align:right;"| 41.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4 (5.1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 46.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.2 (6.5)
|-
| 2012-2013
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1 (5.3)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0 (4.3)
| style="text-align:right;"| 39.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.5 (5.6)
|-
| 2018
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.3 (5.5)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9 (4.2)
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.8 (6.0)
|-
| 2023-24
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.0 (5.4)
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0 (4.5)
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.4 (5.8)
|-
|}

Fertility data as of 2012-2013 (DHS Program):<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSM-V) 2012-2013|url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR286/FR286.pdf|journal=Mali Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSM-V)}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100pt;"| Region
! style="width:100pt;"| Total fertility rate
! style="width:100pt;"| Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant
! style="width:100pt;"| Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
|-
|[[Kayes Region|Kayes]]|| 6.0 || 11.3 || 6.0
|-
|[[Koulikoro Region|Koulikoro]]|| 6.0 || 14.3 || 5.8
|-
|[[Sikasso Region|Sikasso]]|| 6.6 || 11.5 || 6.2
|-
|[[Ségou Region|Ségou]]|| 6.1 || 12.2 || 6.1
|-
|[[Mopti Region|Mopti]]|| 6.5 || 11.7 || 5.9
|-
|[[Bamako]]|| 5.1 || 6.5 || 5.1
|}

== Immigration and emigration ==
Mali had an estimated [[net migration rate]] of –6.6 migrants per 1,000 people in 2006.<ref>CIA factbook</ref> About 3 million Malians are believed to reside in Côte d'Ivoire and France. Conversely, according to a 2003 estimate, Mali hosts about 11,000 Mauritanians; most are Fulani herders who routinely engage in cross-border migration. In addition, there are several thousand refugees from Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Liberia in Bamako and other urban areas of Mali.<ref name=cp/>

== Ethnic groups ==
[[File:Family trip.jpg|thumb|300px|A family in [[Djenné]], Mali.]]

Ethnic groups include:<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/|title= Africa :: MALI|date= 19 April 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref>
* 33.3% [[Bambara people|Bambara]]
* 13.3% [[Fula people|Fula]]
* 9.8% [[Soninke people|Soninke]]
* 9.6% [[Senufo people|Senufo]] / [[Bwa people|Bwa]] / [[Mandinka people|Malinke]]
* 8.7% [[Dogon people|Dogon]]
* 6.1% [[Bobo people|Bobo]]
* 5.9% [[Songhai people|Songhai]]
* 1.7% [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]
* 11.6% Others
[[Mali]]'s population consists of [[Sub-Saharan]] [[ethnic groups]], sharing similar historic, cultural, and religious traditions. Exceptions are two [[nomad]]ic northern groups, the [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]s, a [[Berber people]], and [[Moors#Present-day Moors|Maur]]s (or Moors), of [[Arab]]o-Berber origins. In Mali and [[Niger]], the Moors are also known as [[Azawagh Arabs]], named after the [[Azawagh]] region of the [[Sahara]].<ref>For an introduction to the culture of the ''Azawagh Arabs'', see Rebecca Popenoe, ''Feeding Desire — Fatness, Beauty and Sexuality among a Saharan People''. Routledge, London (2003) {{ISBN|0-415-28096-6}}</ref> Azawagh Arabs speak mainly [[Hassaniya Arabic]] which is one of the regional [[varieties of Arabic]].<ref>Popenoe (2003), p. 16-17.</ref>

The Tuaregs traditionally have opposed the central government. Starting in June 1990 in the north, Tuaregs seeking greater autonomy led to clashes with the military. In April 1992, the government and most opposing factions signed a pact to end the fighting and restore stability in the north. Its major aims are to allow greater autonomy to the north and increase government resource allocation to what has been a traditionally impoverished region. The peace agreement was celebrated in 1996 in [[Timbuktu]] during an official and highly publicized ceremony called "Flamme de la Paix" (peace flame).

Historically, interethnic relations throughout the rest of the country were facilitated by easy mobility on the [[Niger River]] and across the country's vast savannahs. Each ethnic group was traditionally tied to a specific occupation, all working within proximity to each other, although the distinctions were often blurred.

The [[Bambara people|Bambara]], [[Mandinka people|Malinké]], [[Soninke people|Sarakole]], [[Dogon people|Dogon]] and [[Songhai people|Songhay]] are farmers; the [[Fula people|Fula or Fulani]], [[Moors|Maur]], and [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] are herders, while the [[Bozo people|Bozo]] and [[Somono]] are fishers. In recent years this linkage has shifted considerably, as ethnic groups seek nontraditional sources of income.

=== Europeans in Mali ===
People of European origin form a small minority in the country. They include those of mixed European and African descendant, as well as those of full European background. The latter includes the French, as well as the Spanish, Irish, Italian and Portuguese origins. Some of them descend from the [[Arma people]] (1% of the nation's population). They mainly live in [[Bamako]], [[Sikasso]], [[Kalabancoro]], [[Koutiala]], [[Ségou]], [[Kayes]], [[Kati]], [[Mopti]], [[Niono]], [[Gao]], [[San, Mali|San]], [[Koro, Mali|Koro]], [[Bla, Mali|Bla]], [[Bougouni]], [[Mandé]], [[Baguineda-Camp]], [[Kolondiéba]], [[Kolokani]], and others.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3mx8aAo6x0C |title = The Cambridge History of Africa|isbn = 9780521204132|last1 = Fage|first1 = J. D.|last2 = Oliver|first2 = Roland Anthony|year = 1975| publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>

== Languages ==
{{main|Languages of Mali}}

Although each ethnic group [[Languages of Mali|speaks a separate language]], nearly 80% of Malians communicate over ethnic borders in [[Bambara language|Bambara]], which is the common language of the [[marketplace]]. French was formerly the country's official language and is spoken somewhat by 30% of Malians.

== Religion ==
{{main|Religion in Mali}}

An estimated 95% of Malians are [[Islam in Mali|Sunni Muslim]], 4% adhere to [[African traditional religion|indigenous or traditional animist beliefs]], and 1% are Christian (about two-thirds [[Roman Catholicism in Mali|Roman Catholic]] and one-third [[Protestant]]).<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/mali   US State Dept 2022 report]</ref><ref name=cia/><ref name=cp/> [[Atheism]] and [[agnosticism]] are believed to be rare among Malians, most of whom practice their religion on a daily basis.<ref name=cp/> Islam as practiced in Mali can be moderate, tolerant, and adapted to local conditions; relations between Muslims and practitioners of minority religious faiths are generally amicable.<ref name=cp/> The constitution establishes a [[secular state]] and provides for [[freedom of religion]].<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report"/>

== Health ==
{{main|Health in Mali}}
[[File:Life expectancy in Mali.svg|thumb|Life expectancy in Mali]]
Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world. In 2000 only 62–65 percent of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69 percent to sanitation services of some kind; only 8 percent was estimated to have access to modern sanitation facilities. Only 20 percent of the nation’s villages and livestock watering holes had modern water facilities.<ref name = cp/>

There were an estimated 140,000 cases of [[human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome]] (HIV/AIDS) reported in 2003, and an estimated 1.9 percent of the adult population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] (see also [[HIV/AIDS in Africa]]).<ref name=cp/> In the same year, there were 12,000 AIDS deaths. The [[infant mortality rate]] is 69.5 deaths/1,000 live births (75.3/1,000 among males and 63.5/1,000 among females) (2017 est.). Life expectancy at birth is 60.3 years (58.2 years among males and 62.5 years among females) (2017 est.).

=== Life expectancy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in <br /> Years<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|1950–1955
|26.96 
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 27.98  
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 28.61  
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 30.79  
|-
|1970–1975
|{{increase}} 34.20
|-
|1975–1980
|{{increase}} 37.71  
|-
|1980–1985
|{{increase}} 41.55  
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 44.51  
|-
|1990–1995
|{{increase}} 46.57 
|-
|1995–2000
|{{increase}} 46.75 
|-
|2000–2005
|{{increase}} 49.96  
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 54.03 
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 56.24 
|}

==See also==
*[[Demographics of Africa]]
*[[Demographics of West Africa]]

== References ==
<references />

== Further reading ==
{{Commons category|Demographics of Mali}}
*{{citation |last1=Samaké |first1=Salif |last2=Traoré |first2=Seydou Moussa |last3=Ba |first3=Souleymane |last4=Dembélé |first4=Étienne |last5=Diop |first5=Mamadou |last6=Mariko |first6=Soumaïla |last7=Libité |first7=Paul Roger |title=Mali: Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSM-IV) 2006 |year=2007 |publisher=Demographic and Health Surveys |place=Calverton, MD, USA |url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR199/FR199.pdf}}.

{{Ethnic groups in Mali}}
{{Mali topics}}
{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}

[[Category:Demographics of Mali| ]]
[[Category:Society of Mali]]