View source for Demographics of Macau

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use American English|date=August 2020}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2020}}{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Macau]]|image=File:Macau single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|caption=Population pyramid of Macau in 2020|size_of_population = 644,426 (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|nation = [[Chinese people|Chinese]]
|major_ethnic = [[Cantonese people]]
|official = Cantonese 81%, Mandarin 4.7%, other Chinese dialects 5.4%, English 3.6%, Tagalog 2.9%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 1.8% (2021 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|age_0–14_years = 14.4% (male 47,346/female 45,216)
|age_15–64_years = 69.9% (male 210,059/female 240,577)
|age_65_years = 15.7% (male 47,583/female 53,645) (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|growth = 0.67% (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|birth = 8.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|death = 4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|net_migration = 3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female
|sr_under_15 = 1.05 male(s)/female
|sr_65_years_over = 0.89 male(s)/female
|total_mf_ratio = 0.9 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|infant_mortality = 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|life = 85.3 years
|life_male = 82.5 years
|life_female = 88.3 years (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
|fertility = 1.24 children born/woman (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau | title=Macau | date=21 February 2024 }}</ref>
}}{{Culture of Macau}}

[[File:Streetscene Macau.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Street scene in Macau]]

[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Macau]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

[[Macau]]'s population is 95% Chinese ethnicity, primarily [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] and some [[Hakka people|Hakka]], both from the nearby [[Guangdong]] Province. The majority of the remainder are of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some [[Japanese people|Japanese]], including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]], also live in Macau.

The official languages are [[Macanese Portuguese|Portuguese]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. Most residents (85.7%) speak [[Cantonese]]; on the other hand, [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] is spoken by 3.2% at home, and about 40% are able to communicate in [[standard Mandarin]]. [[English language|English]] and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while English is widely taught as a second language. The other popular topolect is [[Hokkien]], spoken by a small percentage of the population. The [[creole language|creole]] [[Macanese language]] (''Patuá'' or ''Macaista Chapado'') is almost extinct.

==Population size and structure==
: 624,000<ref name="DSEC20140811">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2014 |title=Demographic Statistics for the 2nd Quarter 2014 |url=http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/Demographic/DemographicStatistics/DemographicStatistics2014Q2.aspx?lang=en-US |website=Statistics and Census Service}}</ref> (2014 Qtr2 est.)
=== Structure of the population  ===
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): <ref>{{cite web |title=Demographic Yearbook 2021 – Table 7 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2021/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=United Nations Statistics Division}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 326 700
| align="right" | 358 700 
| align="right" | 685 400
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 16 700
| align="right" | 15 300
| align="right" | 32 000
| align="right" | 4.67
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 18 000 
| align="right" | 16 200
| align="right" | 34 200
| align="right" | 4.99
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 12 900
| align="right" | 11 500
| align="right" | 24 400
| align="right" | 3.56
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 12 700 
| align="right" | 12 300
| align="right" | 25 000
| align="right" | 3.65
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 22 100
| align="right" | 22 100
| align="right" | 44 200
| align="right" | 6.45
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 25 800
| align="right" | 24 800
| align="right" | 50 600
| align="right" | 7.38
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 35 900
| align="right" | 39 000
| align="right" | 74 900
| align="right" | 10.93
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 30 900
| align="right" | 35 100
| align="right" | 66 000
| align="right" | 9.63
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 23 500
| align="right" | 27 300
| align="right" | 50 800
| align="right" | 7.41
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 22 300
| align="right" | 28 800
| align="right" | 51 100
| align="right" | 7.46
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 19 600
| align="right" | 28 200
| align="right" | 47 800
| align="right" | 6.97
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 23 800
| align="right" | 30 300
| align="right" | 54 100
| align="right" | 7.89
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 22 800
| align="right" | 23 900
| align="right" | 46 700
| align="right" | 6.81
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 16 500
| align="right" | 17 200
| align="right" | 33 700
| align="right" | 4.92
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 11 500
| align="right" | 11 100
| align="right" | 22 600
| align="right" | 3.30
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 5 500
| align="right" | 5 300
| align="right" | 10 800
| align="right" | 1.58
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 3 300
| align="right" | 4 300
| align="right" | 7 600
| align="right" | 1.11
|-
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 2 900
| align="right" | 6 000
| align="right" | 8 900
| align="right" | 1.30
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 47 600
| align="right" | 43 000
| align="right" | 90 600
| align="right" | 13.22
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 239 400
| align="right" | 271 800
| align="right" | 511 200
| align="right" | 74.58
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 39 700
| align="right" | 43 900
| align="right" | 83 600
| align="right" | 12.20
|-
|}

==Vital statistics==
The following are data on vital statistics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Yearbooks |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/Demographic.aspx |website=Statistics and Census Service|title=Dsec – 人口 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="70pt"|Average population 
! width="70pt"|Live births
! width="70pt"|Deaths
! width="70pt"|Natural change
! width="70pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|TFR
|-
| 1970
| 248,600
|2,676||1,516||1,160
|11.6||5.5||6.0
|style="color: blue" |2.167
|-
| 1971
| 246,200
|2,637||1,543||1,094
|10.9||5.5||5.4||1.979
|-
| 1972
| 243,900
|2,750||1,539||1,211
|10.3||5.4||4.9||1.818
|-
| 1973
| 241,700
|2,686||1,410||1,276
|10.0||5.4||4.6||1.679
|-
| 1974
| 239,400
|2,781||1,579||1,202
|9.7||5.4||4.3||1.562
|-
| 1975
| 237,000
|2,583||1,398||1,185
|9.7||5.4||4.3||1.478
|-
| 1976
| 234,200
|2,369||1,517||852
|10.2||5.4||4.7||1.437
|-
| 1977
| 231,700
|2,532||1,424||1,108
|11.0||5.5||5.6||1.445
|-
| 1978
| 233,100
|2,407||1,360||1,047
|12.4||5.5||6.9||1.499
|-
| 1979
| 237,300
|3,019||1,504||1,515
|14.1||5.6||8.5||1.591
|-
| 1980
| 242,000
|3,784||1,555||2,229
|16.0||5.6||10.4||1.709
|-
| 1981
| 247,600
|4,207||1,465||2,742
|18.0||5.6||12.4||1.835
|-
| 1982
| 261,700
|5,262||1,488||3,774
|19.8||5.6||14.2||1.953
|-
| 1983
| 276,900
|6,168||1,514||4,654
|21.3||5.6||15.8||2.046
|-
| 1984
| 288,800
|6,666||1,488||5,178
|22.4||5.5||16.9
|style="color: blue" |2.104
|-
| 1985
| 290,600
|7,560||1,466||6,094
|22.9||5.3||17.6
|style="color: blue" |2.121
|-
| 1986
| 301,500
|7,477||1,324||6,153
|22.9||5.2||17.7||2.094
|-
| 1987
| 312,200
|7,565||1,321||6,244
|22.4||5.0||17.3||2.031
|-
| 1988
| 319,800
|7,913||1,437||6,476
|21.5||4.9||16.6||1.944
|-
| 1989
| 330,400
|7,568||1,516||6,052
|20.3||4.7||15.6||1.838
|-
| 1990
| 339,500
|6,872||1,482||5,390
|19.0||4.5||14.5||1.722
|-
| 1991
| 363,800
|6,832||1,335||5,497
|17.6||4.4||13.2||1.605
|-
| 1992
| 378,000
|6,676||1,432||5,244
|16.2||4.3||12.0||1.494
|-
| 1993
| 390,000
|6,267||1,531||4,736
|14.9||4.2||10.8||1.394
|-
| 1994
| 403,600
|6,115||1,330||4,785
|13.8||4.1||9.7||1.308
|-
| 1995
| 415,000
|5,876||1,351||4,525
|12.8||4.0||8.8||1.236
|-
| 1996
| 415,200
|5,468||1,413||4,055
|12.0||4.0||8.0||1.174
|-
| 1997
| 419,400
|5,031||1,293||3,738
|11.1||3.9||7.2||1.116
|-
| 1998
| 425,200
|4,434||1,356||3,078
|10.3||3.9||6.4||1.059
|-
| 1999
| 429,600
|4,148||1,374||2,774
|9.6||3.9||5.7||1.002
|-
| 2000
| 431,500
|3,849||1,338||2,511
|8.8||3.9||5.0||0.95
|-
| 2001
| 436,300
|3,241||1,327||1,914
|8.2||3.8||4.4||0.818
|-
| 2002
| 440,500
|3,162||1,415||1,747
|7.7||3.8||3.9||0.813
|-
| 2003
| 446,700
|3,212||1,474||1,738
|7.5||3.8||3.7||0.837
|-
| 2004
| 462,600
|3,308||1,533||1,775
|7.4||3.8||3.6||0.855
|-
| 2005
| 484,300
|3,671||1,615||2,056
|7.5||3.8||3.7||0.912
|-
| 2006
| 509,900
|4,058||1,566||2,492
|7.8||3.8||4.0||0.954
|-
| 2007
| 531,800
|4,537||1,545||2,992
|8.2||3.7||4.5||1.008
|-
| 2008
| 543,100
|4,717||1,756||2,961
|8.7||3.7||5.0||0.979
|-
| 2009
| 533,300
|4,764||1,644||3,120
|9.3||3.7||5.6||1.004
|-
| 2010
| 540,600
|5,114||1,774||3,340
|9.9||3.7||6.2||1.070
|-
| 2011
| 557,400
|5,852||1,845||4,007
|10.4||3.7||6.8||1.150
|-
| 2012
| 582,000
|7,315||1,841||5,474
|10.9||3.7||7.3||1.357
|-
| 2013
| 607,500
|6,571||1,920||4,651
|11.4||3.7||7.7||1.150
|-
| 2014
| 636,200
|7,360||1,939||5,421
|11.7||3.7||8.0||1.224
|-
| 2015
| 646,800
|7,055||2,002||5,053
|12.0||3.8||8.2||1.142
|-
| 2016
| 644,900
|7,146||2,238||4,908
|12.1||3.8||8.3||1.138
|-
| 2017
| 653,100
|6,529||2,120||4,409
|10.0||3.2||6.8||1.021
|-
| 2018
| 667,400
|5,925||2,069||3,856
|9.0||3.1||5.9||0.915
|-
| 2019
| 679,600
|5,979||2,282||3,697
|8.9||3.4||5.5||0.899
|-
| 2020
| 683,100
|5,545||2,230||3,315
|8.1||3.3||4.8||0.841
|-
| 2021
| 683,200
|5,026||2,320||2,706
|7.4||3.4||4.0||0.756
|-
| 2022
| 672,800
|4,344||3,004||1,340
|6.5||4.5||2.0||0.680
|-
| 2023
|683,700
|3,712||2,981||731
|5.5||4.4||1.1
|0.586
|-
| 2024
|688,300
|3,607||2,477||1,130
|style="color: red"| 5.2|| 3.6||1.6
|style="color: red"|0.582
|}

=== Current vital statistics ===
<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic Statistics|url=https://www.dsec.gov.mo/en-US/Statistic?id=101}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January – September 2024'''
| 2,619
| 1,850
| +769
|-
| '''January – September 2025'''
| 2,130
| 1,825
| +305
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -489 (-18.67%)
| {{decreasepositive}} -25 (-1.35%)
| {{decrease}} -464
|}

=== Life expectancy at birth ===
Macau is the territory with the world's second highest life expectancy behind [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-24 |title=Why do people in Macau live longer than nearly anywhere else? We asked the locals |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/100-top-tables/article/3274207/why-do-people-macau-live-longer-nearly-everywhere-else-world |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in
Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in
Years
|-
|1950–1955
|61.0
|1985–1990
|76.6
|-
|1955–1960
|63.6
|1990–1995
|78.1
|-
|1960–1965
|66.0
|1995–2000
|79.8
|-
|1965–1970
|68.1
|2000–2005
|81.0
|-
|1970–1975
|70.7
|2005–2010
|82.1
|-
|1975–1980
|73.1
|2010–2015
|83.3
|-
|1980–1985
|74.8
|
|
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ |access-date=2017-07-15 |website=United Nations}}</ref>

==Ethnic groups==
The following are information on ethnicity and nationalities of residents based on data from the Statistics and Census Service.<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/7a3b17c2-22cc-4197-9bd5-ccc6eec388a2/E_CEN_PUB_2011_Y.aspx |title=Results of 2011 Population Census |last=Statistics and Census Service |date=2012 |publisher=Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) |location=Macau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/6cb29f2f-524a-488f-aed3-4d7207bb109e/E_CEN_PUB_2021_Y.aspx |title=Detailed Results of 2021 Population Census(Revised Version) |last=Statistics and Census Service |date=2022 |publisher=Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) |location=Macau}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+
'''Population of Macau according to ethnic group 1991–2021'''
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | 1991 census
! colspan="2" | 2001 census
! colspan="2" | 2011 census
! colspan="2" | 2021 census
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
!%
|-
| align="left" |Chinese ||338,191||95.1 || 416,353|| 95.7||510,383||92.4
|609,863
|89.4
|-
| align="left" | Chinese & Portuguese ||4,477 ||1.3 || 4,254|| 1.0||4,019||0.7
|6,668
|1.0
|-
| align="left" | Portuguese ||4,221 ||1.2  ||2,810 || 0.6||3,485||0.6
|5,162
|0.8
|-
| align="left" |  Chinese & non-Portuguese || || || 1,771|| 0.4||1,601||0.3
|1,498
|0.2
|-
| align="left" | Others ||7,804 ||2.2 || 10,047 || 2.3 ||33,015||6.0
|57,688
|8.5
|-
| align="left" | Portuguese & others ||  ||  || 709 || 0.2|| 602||0.1
|1,191
|0.2
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
!align="left" | Total || colspan="2" | 355,693||colspan="2" | 435,235||colspan="2" | 552,503
! colspan="2" |682,070
|}

===Place of birth===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+Population of Macau according to place of birth 1981-2021
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Place of birth
! colspan="2" |1981 census<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/55da0a93-5b90-4094-94e8-46a7387997cd/P_CEN_PUB_1981_Y.aspx |title=XII Recenseamento geral da populaçao - 1981 alguns resultados |trans-title=XII General Population Census - 1981 Select Results |date=c. 1982 |page=48 |language=Portuguese |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 1991 census
! colspan="2" | 2001 census
! colspan="2" | 2011 census
! colspan="2" | 2021 census
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
!Number
!%
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
!%
|-
| align="left" |Macau 
|96,117
|39.8|| 142,697|| 40.1|| 191,139|| 43.9|| 226,127||40.9
|281,381
|41.3
|-
| align="left" | [[Mainland China]]
|118,177
|48.9|| 179,028|| 50.3|| 206,384|| 47.4|| 255,186||46.2
|298,887
|43.8
|-
| align="left" | [[Hong Kong]]
|13,118
|5.4|| 12,192|| 3.4|| 14,436|| 3.3|| 19,355||3.5
|22,199
|3.3
|-
| align="left" |  [[Portugal]] 
|1,037
|0.4|| 3,625|| 1.0|| 1,616|| 0.4|| 1,835||0.3
|2,213
|0.3
|-
| align="left" |[[Philippines]]
|
|
|1,965
|0.6
|5,311
|1.2
|14,544
|2.6
|32,900
|4.8
|-
| align="left" |Others
|13,280
|5.5
|16,186
|4.6
|16,349
|3.8
|35,456
|6.4
|44,490
|6.5
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total 
! colspan="2" |241,729|| colspan="2" | 355,693|| colspan="2" | 435,235|| colspan="2" | 552,503
! colspan="2" |682,070
|}Immigration is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001.  226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0–14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.{{citation need| date = June 2025}}

{{Asof|2011}} 35,578 people in Macau were originally from Fujian province in Mainland China, making up about 25% of the Mainland China-born people. The number of Fujianese in Macau increased after the 1999 handover.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 12, 2015 |title=Macau: The rise and fall of an empire? |url=http://multimedia.scmp.com/macau/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707122448/http://multimedia.scmp.com/macau/ |archive-date=July 7, 2016 |access-date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[South China Morning Post]]}} ()</ref>

=== Nationality ===
{{Unsourced section|date=July 2025}}
Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. These figures can be misleading, because more than a 100,000 people in Macau are holders of a Portuguese passport, making them in effect Portuguese citizens. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macau; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos.
Macau is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totaled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of wholly or partly Portuguese ethnicity totaled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%.{{citation need| date = June 2025}}

== Religion ==
{{Bar box
| float = right
| title = Religion in Macau<ref name="Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121-122">Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121–122.</ref>
| left1 = ''[[Religion]]''
| width = 300px
| right1 = ''%''
| titlestyle = #abc
| bars =
{{Bar percent|[[Shenism]]|red|30}}
{{Bar percent|[[Buddhism]], [[Taoism]]|blue|10}}
{{Bar percent|[[Christianity]]|green|5}}
{{Bar percent|No affiliation|gray|50}}
{{Bar percent|Others|silver|10}}
}}

30% [[Shenism]], 10% [[Buddhism]] or [[Taoism]], 5% [[Christianity]], 50% not declaring religious affiliation, 10% others (2009).<ref name="Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121-122">Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121–122.</ref> Another survey conducted between 2005, 2007 and 2009 has found that 30% of the population follows folk faiths, 10% are adherents of Buddhism or Taoism, 5% are Christians, and the remaining part do not declare religious adherence.<ref name="stats2009">Zheng, VWT; Wan, PS. ''Religious beliefs and life experiences of Macao's residents'' 澳門居民的宗教信仰與生活經驗. On: ''Modern China Studies'' by Center for Modern China, 2010, v. 17 n. 4, p. 91-126. {{ISSN|2160-0295}}. «Drawing on empirical data obtained from three consecutive territory-wide household surveys conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009 respectively, this paper attempts to shed light on the current religious profile of Macao residents.»</ref>

== Languages ==
[[File:CalcadaSaoPaulomacau.jpg |thumb| Portuguese and Chinese, seen on this street sign, are official languages in Macau]]

[[Portuguese language |Portuguese]] and [[Chinese language |Chinese]] are official languages. The Chinese standard ([[Cantonese]] or [[Mandarin Chinese |Mandarin]]) is not specified in the law.{{citation need| date = June 2025}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Macau aged 3 and above according to usual language spoken at home
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Language
! colspan="2" | 1991 census
! colspan="2" | 2001 census
! colspan="2" | 2011 census
! colspan="2" | 2021 census
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
!%
|-
| align="left" |[[Cantonese]] || 289,297|| 85.8|| 372,697|| 87.9|| 449,274||83.3
|537,981
|81.0
|-
| align="left" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|| 6,132|| 1.8|| 2,813|| 0.7|| 4,022||0.7
|3,949
|0.6
|-
| align="left" | [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]|| 4,016|| 1.2|| 6,660|| 1.6|| 27,129||5.0
|31,405
|4.7
|-
| align="left" |  [[English language|English]] || 1,777|| 0.5|| 2,792|| 0.7|| 12,155||2.3
|23,635
|3.6
|-
| align="left" |[[Chinese language|Other Chinese Dialects]]
|32,217
|9.6
|32,125
|7.6
|30,590
|5.7
|36,032
|5.4
|-
| align="left" |[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
|
|
|3,450
|0.8
|9,415
|1.7
|19,154
|2.9
|-
| align="left" |Others
|3,838
|1.1
|3,666
|0.9
|6,546
|1.2
|11,626
|1.8
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total || colspan="2" | 337,277|| colspan="2" | 424,203|| colspan="2" | 539,131
! colspan="2" |663,782
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Macau aged 3 and above according to language spoken
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Language
!2001 census
! colspan="2" | 2011 census
! colspan="2" | 2021 census
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
!%
|-
| align="left" |[[Cantonese]] || 94.4|| 485,061||90.0
|572,402
|86.2
|-
| align="left" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|| 3.0|| 13,148||2.4
|15,137
|2.3
|-
| align="left" | [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]|| 26.7|| 223,180||41.4
|298,807
|45.0
|-
| align="left" |  [[English language|English]] || 13.5|| 113,803||21.1
|150,359
|22.7
|-
| align="left" |[[Chinese language|Other Chinese Dialects]]
|17.7
|84,669
|15.7
|95,864
|14.4
|-
| align="left" |[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
|
|13,821
|2.6
|20,879
|3.1
|-
| align="left" |Others
|4.3
|25,161
|4.7
|25,053
|3.8
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total 
!424,203|| colspan="2" | 539,131
! colspan="2" |663,782
|}

== See also ==
* [[Macau people]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.dsec.gov.mo/en-US/Statistic?id=101 Demographic Statistics] – Statistics and Census Service

{{Macau topics}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Demographics of Macau| ]]