View source for Demographics of Eswatini

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{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Eswatini]]|image=File:Eswatini single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|caption=Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020|size_of_population=1,121,761 (2022 est.)|nation=Swati|official=English, siSwati|age_0–14_years=33.63%|age_65_years=3.83%|growth=0.75% (2022 est.)|birth=23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_at_birth=1.03 male(s)/female|sr_under_15=1 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.48 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=39.63 deaths/1,000 live births|life=59.69 years|life_male=57.62 years|fertility=2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)|life_female=61.81 years}}

[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Eswatini]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The majority of [[Eswatini]]'s population is ethnic [[Swazi people|Swazi]], mixed with a small number of [[Zulu people|Zulu]]s and white Africans, predominantly of [[British diaspora in Africa|British]] and [[Afrikaner]] origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.

Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines in [[South Africa]]. Eswatini also received [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] settlers and black refugees from [[Mozambique]]. [[Christianity]] in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to the [[Swazi Royal Family]].

The country's official languages are [[Siswati]] (a language related to Zulu) and [[English language|English]]. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.

==Population==
[[Image:Eswatini-demography.svg|thumb|250px|right|Demographics of Eswatini, Data of [[UNDESA]] (Population Division), year 2019; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]]
Eswatini's population is 1,113,276 according to the July 2021 estimate from the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]. 
The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20071222.SWAZII22/TPStory/TPInternational/Africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226145953/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/where-have-all-the-swazis-gone/article141841/protected/ |archive-date=December 26, 2015 |access-date=2015-12-26|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|title=Where have all the Swazis gone?|first1=Stephanie|last1=Nolen|date=2009-04-03}}</ref>

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1,186,000 in 2010, compared to only 273,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older
.<ref name="WPP 2010">{{Cite press release |title = World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision |date = 2011-05-03 |publisher = [[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division |url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Other-Information/Press_Release_WPP2010.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110506084513/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Other-Information/Press_Release_WPP2010.pdf |archive-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = deviated}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2 width="80pt"|Total population
! colspan=3|Population percentage
|-
! aged 0–14
! aged 15–64
! aged 65+
|-
| 1950
|align=right| 273 000
|{{percentage bar|43.0}}
|{{percentage bar|54.3}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1955
|align=right| 307 000
|{{percentage bar|44.2}}
|{{percentage bar|53}}
|{{percentage bar|2.8}}
|-
| 1960
|align=right| 349 000
|{{percentage bar|45.2}}
|{{percentage bar|52}}
|{{percentage bar|2.8}}
|-
| 1965
|align=right| 392 000
|{{percentage bar|46.3}}
|{{percentage bar|51.0}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1970
|align=right| 446 000
|{{percentage bar|47.2}}
|{{percentage bar|50.1}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1975
|align=right| 517 000
|{{percentage bar|48.0}}
|{{percentage bar|49.3}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1980
|align=right| 603 000
|{{percentage bar|48.8}}
|{{percentage bar|48.5}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1985
|align=right| 706 000 
|{{percentage bar|48.9}}
|{{percentage bar|48.3}}
|{{percentage bar|2.8}}
|-
| 1990
|align=right| 863 000
|{{percentage bar|48.1}}
|{{percentage bar|49.2}}
|{{percentage bar|2.7}}
|-
| 1995
|align=right| 964 000
|{{percentage bar|47.6}}
|{{percentage bar|49.6}}
|{{percentage bar|2.8}}
|-
| 2000
|align=right| 1 064 000
|{{percentage bar|44.6}}
|{{percentage bar|52.4}}
|{{percentage bar|3.0}}
|-
| 2005
|align=right| 1 105 000
|{{percentage bar|41.8}}
|{{percentage bar|55}}
|{{percentage bar|3.2}}
|-
| 2010
|align=right| 1 186 000
|{{percentage bar|38.4}}
|{{percentage bar|58.2}}
|{{percentage bar|3.4}}
|}

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.IV.2017): <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 531 111
| align="right" | 562 127
| align="right" | 1 093 238
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 65 218
| align="right" | 64 990
| align="right" | 130 208
| align="right" | 11.91
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 65 109
| align="right" | 64 719
| align="right" | 129 828
| align="right" | 11.88
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 63 783
| align="right" | 63 654
| align="right" | 127 437
| align="right" | 11.66
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 60 955
| align="right" | 59 213
| align="right" | 120 168
| align="right" | 10.99
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 52 280
| align="right" | 54 236
| align="right" | 106 516
| align="right" | 9.74
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 46 551
| align="right" | 50 188
| align="right" | 96 739
| align="right" | 8.85
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 42 148
| align="right" | 44 222 
| align="right" | 86 370
| align="right" | 7.90
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 33 443
| align="right" | 33 538
| align="right" | 66 981
| align="right" | 6.13
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 24 428
| align="right" | 25 268
| align="right" | 49 696
| align="right" | 4.55
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 19 194
| align="right" | 22 084
| align="right" | 41 278
| align="right" | 3.78
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 14 094
| align="right" | 18 724
| align="right" | 32 818
| align="right" | 3.00
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 12 062
| align="right" | 15 754
| align="right" | 27 816
| align="right" | 2.54
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 10 059
| align="right" | 12 810
| align="right" | 22 869
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 7 322
| align="right" | 10 037
| align="right" | 17 359
| align="right" | 1.59
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 4 998
| align="right" | 8 256 
| align="right" | 13 254
| align="right" | 1.21
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 3 484
| align="right" | 5 664 
| align="right" | 9 148
| align="right" | 0.84
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 2 846
| align="right" | 6 193
| align="right" | 9 039
| align="right" | 0.83
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 194 110
| align="right" | 193 363
| align="right" | 387 473
| align="right" | 35.44
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 315 214
| align="right" | 336 037
| align="right" | 651 251
| align="right" | 59.57
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 18 650
| align="right" | 30 150
| align="right" | 48 800
| align="right" | 4.46
|-
| align="right" | Unknown
| align="right" | 3 137
| align="right" | 2 577 
| align="right" | 5 714
| align="right" | 0.52
|-
|}

==Vital statistics==
Registration of vital events in Eswatini is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
<ref name="WPP 2010"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="70pt"|Period
! width="70pt"|Live births per year
! width="70pt"|Deaths per year
! width="70pt"|Natural change per year
! width="70pt"|CBR*
! width="70pt"|CDR*
! width="70pt"|NC*
! width="70pt"|TFR*
! width="70pt"|IMR*
|-
| 1950–1955 || 14 000|| 7 000|| 7 000||48.1||22.6||25.5||6.70||174
|-
| 1955–1960 || 16 000|| 7 000|| 9 000||47.6||20.8||26.8||6.70||160
|-
| 1960–1965 || 18 000|| 7 000|| 10 000||47.9||19.6||28.2||6.75||150
|-
| 1965–1970 || 20 000|| 8 000|| 13 000||49.0||18.5||30.4||6.85||141
|-
| 1970–1975 || 24 000|| 8 000|| 16 000||49.3||16.4||32.9||6.87||124
|-
| 1975–1980 || 27 000|| 8 000|| 19 000||48.5||14.2||34.2||6.73||108
|-
| 1980–1985 || 31 000|| 8 000|| 23 000||47.7||12.0||35.7||6.54||90
|-
| 1985–1990 || 36 000|| 8 000|| 28 000||46.1||10.3||35.8||6.13||77
|-
| 1990–1995 || 36 000|| 9 000|| 28 000||39.9||9.4||30.4||5.30||69
|-
| 1995–2000 || 35 000|| 12 000|| 22 000||34.1||11.9||22.1||4.49||80
|-
| 2000–2005 || 34 000|| 17 000|| 17 000||31.8||15.7||16.1||4.01||87
|-
| 2005–2010 || 34 000|| 17 000|| 17 000||30.1||14.9||15.2||3.57||76
|-
|align="left" colspan="9" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):<ref>http://www.safaids.net/files/Swaziland%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Survey%202006-2007.pdf{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2| Year
! colspan=2| Total
! colspan=2| Urban
! colspan=2| Rural
|-
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
|-
| 1986
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,4
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 1991
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,6
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 1997
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,5
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 1999–2002
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,2
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 2006–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| 31,1
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,8 (2,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 31,9
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,0 (1,8)
| style="text-align:right;"| 31,0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,2 (2,2)
|-
|}

=== Life expectancy at birth ===
Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (''UN World Population Prospects''):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|archive-date=2016-09-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|41.44
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 43.47
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 45.05
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 46.69
|-
|1970–1975
|{{increase}} 49.61
|-
|1975–1980
|{{increase}} 52.61
|-
|1980–1985
|{{increase}} 56.15
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 59.66
|-
|1990–1995
|{{decrease}} 59.44
|-
|1995–2000
|{{decrease}} 52.50
|-
|2000–2005
|{{decrease}} 45.93
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 48.41
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 54.99
|}

==Ethnic groups==
[[File:Swazis dancing in a cultural village show in Eswatini, 2006.jpg|thumb|Swazi people dancing in a cultural village show.]] 
*[[Swazi people|Swazi]] 84.3%
*[[Zulu people|Zulu]] 9.9%
*[[Tsonga people|Tsonga]] 2.5%
*[[Indian people|Indian]] 0.8%
*[[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] 0.8%
*[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] 0.5%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.populstat.info/Africa/swazilag.htm |title=SWAZILAND: General data |access-date=2018-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529202917/http://www.populstat.info/Africa/swazilag.htm |archive-date=2018-05-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Languages==
*[[English language|English]] (official, used for government business)
*[[siSwati]] (official)<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/|title=Africa :: ESWATINI|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>

==Religion==
{{Main|Religion in Eswatini}}
:Christian 90% (Zionist – a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship – 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% – includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)

== See also ==
*[[HIV/AIDS in Swaziland]]

===Notes===
{{Commons category|Demographics of Eswatini}}
<references />
 
{{Ethnic groups in Swaziland}}
{{Swaziland topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}

{{Factbook}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Eswatini}}
[[Category:Demographics of Eswatini| ]]
[[Category:Society of Eswatini]]

[[pt:Suazilândia#Demografia]]