View source for Demographics of Chile

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox place demographics
 | place              = Chile
 | image              = [[File:ChilePopulationPyramid2024.png|350px]]
 | caption            = Chile [[population pyramid]] in 2024
<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = {{UN_Population|Chile}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
 | density            =
 | growth             = 0.61% (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|author=<!-- not stated -->|title=Chile|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile|website=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[US Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>
 | birth              = 12.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | death              = 6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | life               = 80.3 years (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | life_male          = 77.3 years (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | life_female        = 83.3 years (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | infant_mortality   = 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | fertility          = 1.03 children born/woman (2024)
 | net_migration       = 0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
<!-- age structure -->
 | age_0-14_years     = 19.2% (male 1,829,801/female 1,758,137) (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | age_15-64_years    = 67.3% (male 6,259,566/female 6,273,074) (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | age_65_years       = 13.6% (male 1,024,692/female 1,404,187) (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
<!-- sex ratio -->
 | total_mf_ratio     = 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | sr_at_birth        = 1.04 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | sr_under_15        = 1.04 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | sr_15-64_years     = 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
 | sr_65_years_over   = 0.73 male(s)/female (2024 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = [[Chileans|Chilean]]
 | major_ethnic       = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[White Chileans|White]] (N/D)
** [[Spanish Chileans|Spanish]] (N/D)
** [[French Chilean|French]] (N/D)
** [[Arab Chileans|Arab]] (N/D)
** [[English Chileans|English]] (N/D)
** [[German Chileans|German]] (N/D)
** Others (N/D)
* [[Multiracial people|Multiracial]] (N/D)
{{tree list/end}}
}}
 | minor_ethnic       = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[Indigenous peoples in Chile|Native]] (11.40%)<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|access-date=2025-07-02 |last=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile |date=2025-06-30 |format=PDF |periodical=XX Censo Nacional de Población y IX de Vivienda |title=Resultados características de la población: Censo 2024 |url=https://censo2024.ine.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PRESENTACION-NACIONAL_4_CPV2024.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
** [[Mapuche]] (8.78%)
** [[Aymara people|Aymara]] (0.97%)
** [[Diaguita]] (0.83%)
** Others (0.82%)
* [[Afro-Chileans|Black]] (0.94%)<ref name=":0"/>
** [[Haitian Chilean|Haitian]] (N/D)
** Others (N/D)
* [[East Asian people|East Asian]] (N/D)
** [[Chinese people in Chile|Chinese]] (N/D)
** Others (N/D)
{{tree list/end}}
}}
<!-- language -->
 | official           = [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (de facto)
 | spoken             = [[Languages of Chile]]
}}

'''[[Chile]]'s''' 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining [[birth rate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/estadisticas_vitales/pdf/anuarios/vitales2003.zip|title=Anuario Estadísticas Vitales 2003|publisher=Instituto National de Estadísticas}}</ref> By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2&nbsp;million people, at which point it is projected to either stagnate or begin declining.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/Informes/MicrosoftWordInforP_T.pdf|title = Chile: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población. Total País 1950–2050|publisher = Instituto National de Estadísticas}}</ref> About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in Greater [[Santiago]] alone. The largest [[Urban agglomeration|agglomerations]] according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6&nbsp;million people, [[Greater Concepción]] with 861,000 and [[Greater Valparaíso]] with 824,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observatoriourbano.cl/indurb/pre_ciudades.asp?id_user=0&idComCiu=0|title=List of Chilean cities|publisher=Observatorio Urbano, Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile|access-date=February 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031912/http://www.observatoriourbano.cl/indurb/pre_ciudades.asp?id_user=0&idComCiu=0|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2024 Census, the population of Chile was 18,480,432, meaning a growth of 5.2% since the 2017 Census, however, since the 2024 was a de jure census, growth between 2017 and 2024 can differ, according to the Chilean National Institute of Statistics, comparing both census by de jure results, the population growth between both censuses was 6.7%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2024 |url=https://censo2024.ine.gob.cl/ |website=Censo 2024 - Instituto Nacional de Estadística |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>

==Population size and structure==
{{Historical populations
| percentages = pagr
|title = Census population
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=CHILE: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población . Total País 1950-2050CHILE: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población . Total País 1950-2050|url=http://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/demograficas-y-vitales|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile|access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2024 |url=https://censo2024.ine.gob.cl/ |website=Censo 2024 - Instituto Nacional de Estadística |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>
|1835 | 1103036
|1843 | 1083701
|1854 | 1446031
|1865 | 1819223
|1875 | 2075971
|1885 | 2527320
|1895 | 2687985
|1907 | 3249279
|1920 | 3753799
|1930 | 4287445
|1940 | 5023539
|1952 | 5932995
|1960 | 7374115
|1970 | 8884768
|1982 | 11329736
|1992 | 13348401
|2002 | 15116435
|2012 | 16634603
|2017 | 17574003
|2024 | 18480432
}}

According to {{UN_Population|source}} the total population was {{UN_Population|Chile}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to only 6,143,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 20.1%, 69.0% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 10.9% was 65 years or older.<ref name="WPP 2015">{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|publisher=esa.un.org|access-date=November 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927071528/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/|archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
!rowspan=2| Year
!rowspan=2| Total population<br />({{times}}1000)
!colspan=3| Population percentage in age bracket
|-
! 0–14
! 15–64
! 65+
|-
| 1950
|6 143
|{{percentage bar|width=60|36.7}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|59.0}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|4.3}}
|-
| 1955
|6 862
|{{percentage bar|width=60|38.1}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|57.4}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|4.5}}
|-
| 1960
|7 696
|{{percentage bar|width=60|39.4}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|55.8}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|4.8}}
|-
| 1965
|8 612
|{{percentage bar|width=60|40.4}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|54.5}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|5.0}}
|-
| 1970
|9 562
|{{percentage bar|width=60|39.6}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|55.2}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|5.2}}
|-
| 1975
|10 421
|{{percentage bar|width=60|36.9}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|57.7}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|5.4}}
|-
| 1980
|11 234
|{{percentage bar|width=60|33.0}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|61.4}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|5.7}}
|-
| 1985
|12 109
|{{percentage bar|width=60|30.6}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|63.2}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|6.2}}
|-
| 1990
|13 141
|{{percentage bar|width=60|29.3}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|64.2}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|6.5}}
|-
| 1995
|14 194
|{{percentage bar|width=60|28.2}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|64.8}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|7.0}}
|-
| 2000
|15 170
|{{percentage bar|width=60|26.5}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|65.8}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|7.7}}
|-
| 2005
|16 097
|{{percentage bar|width=60|24.0}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|67.5}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|8.5}}
|-
| 2010
|17 015
|{{percentage bar|width=60|21.9}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|68.5}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|9.6}}
|-
| 2015
|17 948
|{{percentage bar|width=60|20.1}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|69.0}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|10.9}}
|-
| 2020
|19 116
|{{percentage bar|width=60|19.2}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|68.5}}
|{{percentage bar|width=60|12.2}}
|}

{{Chart|definition=Chile population (millions).chart|data=Chile population (millions).tab|Width=550}}
{{Chart|definition=Chile population natural change.chart|data=Chile population natural change.tab|Width=550}}

{{Chart|definition=Chile total fertility rate.chart|data=Chile total fertility rate.tab|Width=450}}

{{See also|List of cities in Chile}}

=== Structure of the population ===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013):<ref name="un">{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics|publisher=unstats.un.org|access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 8 688 067
| align="right" | 8 868 748
| align="right" | 17 556 815
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 639 270
| align="right" | 615 764
| align="right" | 1 255 034
| align="right" | 7.15
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 633 287
| align="right" | 610 458
| align="right" | 1 243 745
| align="right" | 7.08
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 648 484
| align="right" | 625 765
| align="right" | 1 274 249
| align="right" | 7.26
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 707 959
| align="right" | 684 424
| align="right" | 1 392 383
| align="right" | 7.93
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 749 460
| align="right" | 727,530
| align="right" | 1 476 990
| align="right" | 8.41
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 710 354
| align="right" | 693 723
| align="right" | 1 404 077
| align="right" | 8.00
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 634 056
| align="right" | 624 375
| align="right" | 1 258 431
| align="right" | 7.17
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 598 029
| align="right" | 595 813
| align="right" | 1 193 842
| align="right" | 6.80
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 612 898
| align="right" | 617 259
| align="right" | 1 230 157
| align="right" | 7.01
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 610 366
| align="right" | 621 300
| align="right" | 1 231 666
| align="right" | 7.02
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 574 320
| align="right" | 592 349
| align="right" | 1 166 669
| align="right" | 6.65
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 468 437
| align="right" | 492 763
| align="right" | 961 200
| align="right" | 5.47
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 359 065
| align="right" | 390 681
| align="right" | 749 746
| align="right" | 4.27
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 276 510
| align="right" | 317 107
| align="right" | 593 617
| align="right" | 3.38
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 200 585
| align="right" | 247 698
| align="right" | 448 283
| align="right" | 2.55
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 133 715
| align="right" | 183 899
| align="right" | 317 614
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 131 272
| align="right" | 227 840
| align="right" | 359 112
| align="right" | 2.05
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 1 921 041
| align="right" | 1 851 987
| align="right" | 3 773 028
| align="right" | 21.49
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 6 024 944
| align="right" | 6 040 217
| align="right" | 12 065 161
| align="right" | 68.72
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 742 082
| align="right" | 976 544
| align="right" | 1 718 626
| align="right" | 9.79
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (30.VI.2021) (Post-censal estimates.):<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 9 708 512
| align="right" | 9 969 851 
| align="right" | 19 678 363
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 600 632
| align="right" | 578 263
| align="right" | 1 178 895
| align="right" | 5.99
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 651 336 
| align="right" | 627 814
| align="right" | 1 279 150
| align="right" | 6.50
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 655 232
| align="right" | 632 388
| align="right" | 1 287 620
| align="right" | 6.54
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 631 851
| align="right" | 610 954 
| align="right" | 1 242 805
| align="right" | 6.32
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 719 079
| align="right" | 697 050
| align="right" | 1 416 129
| align="right" | 7.20
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 827 115
| align="right" | 802 756
| align="right" | 1 629 871
| align="right" | 8.28
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 842 111
| align="right" | 817 367
| align="right" | 1 659 478
| align="right" | 8.43
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 738 934
| align="right" | 722 171
| align="right" | 1 461 105
| align="right" | 7.42
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 683 807
| align="right" | 678 365
| align="right" | 1 362 172
| align="right" | 6.92
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 644 339
| align="right" | 651 942
| align="right" | 1 296 281
| align="right" | 6.59
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 602 079
| align="right" | 622 931
| align="right" | 1 225 010
| align="right" | 6.23
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 566 471 
| align="right" | 601 133
| align="right" | 1 167 604
| align="right" | 5.93
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 483 184
| align="right" | 530 360
| align="right" | 1 013 544
| align="right" | 5.15
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 393 552 
| align="right" | 450 783
| align="right" | 844 335
| align="right" | 4.29
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 278 885
| align="right" | 336 455
| align="right" | 615 340
| align="right" | 3.13
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 184 713
| align="right" | 246 241
| align="right" | 430 954
| align="right" | 2.19
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 113 029
| align="right" | 174 032
| align="right" | 287 061
| align="right" | 1.46
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 59 048
| align="right" | 109 156
| align="right" | 168 204
| align="right" | 0.85
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 26 017
| align="right" | 57 951
| align="right" | 83 968
| align="right" | 0.43
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 6 154
| align="right" | 17 742 
| align="right" | 23 896
| align="right" | 0.12
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 944
| align="right" | 3 997
| align="right" | 4 941
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 1 907 200
| align="right" | 1 838 465
| align="right" | 3 745 665
| align="right" | 19.03
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 6 738 970
| align="right" | 6 735 029
| align="right" | 13 473 999
| align="right" | 68.47
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 1 062 342
| align="right" | 1 396 357
| align="right" | 2 458 699
| align="right" | 12.49
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Vital statistics==

===Official statistics===

{{sticky-header}}{{sort under}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:right;"
|-
!<ref name="deis">{{cite web|url=https://deis.minsal.cl/|title=DEIS|publisher=deis.cl|access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref>
! width="80pt"|Average population 
! width="80pt"|Live births <ref>{{cite web |title=Series y gráficos de natalidad - 1950-2012 |url=http://www.deis.cl/series-y-graficos-de-natalidad/ |website=DEIS - Ministerio de Salud |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=June 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605165924/http://www.deis.cl/series-y-graficos-de-natalidad/ }}</ref>
! width="80pt"|Deaths
! width="80pt"|Natural change
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude migration change (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Total fertility rate
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 6,081,000
| align="right" | 206,582
| align="right" | 91,180
| align="right" | 115,402
| align="right" | 34.0
| style="color: red"| 15.0
| align="right" | 19.0
| 
| align="right" |
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 6,218,000
| align="right" | 209,794
| align="right" | 92,728
| align="right" | 117,066
| align="right" | 33.7
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 18.8
| 3.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 6,354,000
| align="right" | 225,758
| align="right" | 81,966
| align="right" | 143,792
| align="right" | 35.5
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 22.6
| -1.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 6,491,000
| align="right" | 222,956
| align="right" | 80,068
| align="right" | 142,888
| align="right" | 34.3
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 21.9
| -0.9
| align="right" |
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 6,627,000
| align="right" | 220,968
| align="right" | 84,519
| align="right" | 136,449
| align="right" | 33.3
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 20.5
| -0.1
| align="right" |
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 6,764,000
| align="right" | 237,213
| align="right" | 87,843
| align="right" | 149,370
| align="right" | 35.1
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 22.1
| -1.9
| align="right" |
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 6,940,000
| align="right" | 249,756
| align="right" | 84,199
| align="right" | 165,557
| align="right" | 36.0
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 23.9
| 1.5
| align="right" |
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 7,116,000
| align="right" | 262,746
| align="right" | 91,506
| align="right" | 171,240
| align="right" | 36.9
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 24.0
| 0.7
| align="right" |
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 7,291,000
| align="right" | 263,418
| align="right" | 88,930
| align="right" | 174,488
| align="right" | 36.1
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 23.9
| 0.1
| align="right" |
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 7,467,000
| align="right" | 267,657
| align="right" | 94,491
| align="right" | 173,166
| align="right" | 35.8
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 23.1
| 0.4
| align="right" |
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 7,643,000
| align="right" | 282,681
| align="right" | 95,486
| align="right" | 187,195
| align="right" | 37.0
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 24.5 
| -1.5
| align="right" |
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 7,843,000
| align="right" | 290,412
| align="right" | 91,348
| align="right" | 199,064
| align="right" | 37.0
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 25.4
| 0.1
| align="right" |
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 8,044,000
| align="right" | 304,930
| align="right" | 94,874
| align="right" | 210,056
| style="color:blue"| 37.9
| align="right" | 11.8
| style="color:blue"| 26.1
| -1.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 8,245,000
| style="color:blue;"|309,908
| align="right" | 98,293
| align="right" | 211,615
| align="right" | 37.6
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 25.7
| -1.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 8,445,000
| align="right" | 306,050
| align="right" | 94,058
| align="right" | 211,992
| align="right" | 36.2
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 25.1
| -1.5
| align="right" |
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 8,646,000
| align="right" | 308,014
| align="right" | 91,648
| align="right" | 216,366
| align="right" | 35.6
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 25.0
| -1.8
| align="right" |
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 8,831,000
| align="right" | 295,761
| align="right" | 95,450
| align="right" | 200,311
| align="right" | 33.5
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 22.7
| -1.8
| align="right" |
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 9,015,000
| align="right" | 277,009
| align="right" | 86,840
| align="right" | 190,169
| align="right" | 30.7
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 21.1
| -0.7
|
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 9,569,000
| align="right" | 261,609
| align="right" | 83,014
| align="right" | 178,595
| align="right" | 27.3
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 18.6
| 0.6
| align="right" |
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 9,738,000
| align="right" | 273,518
| align="right" | 83,456
| align="right" | 190,062
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 19.5
| -2.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 9,907,000
| align="right" | 277,891
| align="right" | 87,429
| align="right" | 190,462
| align="right" | 28.0
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 19.2
| -2.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 10,076,000
| align="right" | 276,650
| align="right" | 80,994
| align="right" | 195,656
| align="right" | 27.5
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 19.5
| -2.7
| align="right" |
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 10,244,000
| align="right" | 267,977
| align="right" | 78,493
| align="right" | 189,484
| align="right" | 26.2
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 18.5
| -2.1
| align="right" |
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 10,413,000
| align="right" | 256,543
| align="right" | 74,481
| align="right" | 182,062
| align="right" | 24.6
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 17.4 
| -1.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 10,565,000
| align="right" | 247,722
| align="right" | 80,537
| align="right" | 167,185
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 7.6
| align="right" | 15.8
| -1.5
| align="right" |
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 10,717,000
| align="right" | 240,463
| align="right" | 73,446
| align="right" | 167,017
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 15.6
| -1.4
| align="right" |
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 10,869,000
| align="right" | 236,780
| align="right" | 72,436
| align="right" | 164,344
| align="right" | 21.8
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 15.1
| -1.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 11,021,000
| align="right" | 241,077
| align="right" | 74,528
| align="right" | 166,549
| align="right" | 21.9
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 15.1
| -1.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 11,174,000
| align="right" | 247,013
| align="right" | 74,109
| align="right" | 172,904
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 15.5
| -1.8
| align="right" |
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 11,359,000
| align="right" | 264,809
| align="right" | 69,971
| align="right" | 194,838
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 17.1
| -0.9
| align="right" |
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 11,545,000
| align="right" | 270,003
| style="color:blue;"| 69,887
| align="right" | 200,116
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 17.3
| -1.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 11,731,000
| align="right" | 256,539
| align="right" | 74,296
| align="right" | 182,243
| align="right" | 21.9
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 15.6
| 0.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 11,916,000
| align="right" | 265,016
| align="right" | 74,669
| align="right" | 190,347
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 15.9
| -0.5
| align="right" |
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 12,047,000
| align="right" | 261,978
| align="right" | 73,534
| align="right" | 188,444
| align="right" | 21.7
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 15.6
| -4.8
| align="right" |
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 12,248,000
| align="right" | 272,997
| align="right" | 72,209
| align="right" | 200,788
| align="right" | 22.3
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 16.4
| 0
| align="right" |
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 12,454,000
| align="right" | 279,762
| align="right" | 70,559
| align="right" | 209,203
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 16.8
| -0.3
| align="right" |
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 12,667,000
| align="right" | 296,581
| align="right" | 74,435
| align="right" | 222,146
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 17.5
| -0.7
| align="right" |
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 12,883,000
| align="right" | 303,798
| align="right" | 75,453
| align="right" | 228,345
| align="right" | 23.6
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 17.7
| -1.0
| align="right" |
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 13,179,000
| align="right" | 307,522
| align="right" | 78,434
| style="color:blue;"| 229,118
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 17.3
| 5.2
| align="right" |
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 13,422,000
| align="right" | 299,456
| align="right" | 74,862
| align="right" | 224,594
| align="right" | 22.3
| align="right" | 5.6
| align="right" | 16.7
| 1.4
| align="right" |
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 13,665,000
| align="right" | 293,787
| align="right" | 74,090
| align="right" | 219,697
| align="right" | 21.5
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 16.1
| 1.7
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.54
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 13,908,000
| align="right" | 290,438
| align="right" | 76,261
| align="right" | 214,177
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 15.4
| 2,1
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.48
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 14,152,000
| align="right" | 288,175
| align="right" | 75,445
| align="right" | 212,730
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 15.1
| 2,2
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.36
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 14,395,000
| align="right" | 279,928
| align="right" | 78,517
| align="right" | 201,411
| align="right" | 19.4
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 13.9
| 2.9
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.28
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 14,596,000
| align="right" | 278,729
| align="right" | 79,123
| align="right" | 199,606
| align="right" | 19.1
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 13.7
| 0.1
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.26
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 14,796,000
| align="right" | 273,641
| align="right" | 78,472
| align="right" | 195,169
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 13.2
| 0.3
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.21
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 14,997,000
| align="right" | 270,637
| align="right" | 80,257
| align="right" | 190,380
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 12.6
| 0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.17
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 15,197,000
| align="right" | 263,867
| align="right" | 81,984
| align="right" | 181,883
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 12.0
| 1.2
| align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.11
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 15,398,000
| align="right" | 261,993
| align="right" | 78,814
| align="right" | 183,179
| align="right" | 17.0
| style="color:blue"| 5.1
| align="right" | 11.9
| 1.2
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 15,572,000
| align="right" | 259,069
| align="right" | 81,871
| align="right" | 177,198
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 11.3
| -0.2
| align="right" | 2.05
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 15,746,000
| align="right" | 251,559
| align="right" | 81,080
| align="right" | 170,479
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 5.1
| align="right" | 10.9
| 0.2
| align="right" | 1.99
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 15,919,000
| align="right" | 246,827
| align="right" | 83,672
| align="right" | 163,155
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 10.2
| 0.6
| align="right" | 1.94
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 16,093,000
| align="right" | 242,476
| align="right" | 86,138
| align="right" | 156,338
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 9.7
| 1.1
| align="right" | 1.90
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 16,267,000
| align="right" | 242,980
| align="right" | 86,102
| align="right" | 156,878
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 9.6
| 1.1
| align="right" | 1.89
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 16,433,000
| align="right" | 243,561
| align="right" | 85,639
| align="right" | 157,922
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 5.2
| align="right" | 9.6
| 0.5
| align="right" | 1.88
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 16,598,000
| align="right" | 242,054
| align="right" | 93,000
| align="right" | 149,054
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 5.6
| align="right" | 9.0
| 1.0
| align="right" | 1.94
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 16,763,000
| align="right" | 248,366
| align="right" | 90,168
| align="right" | 158,198
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 9.4
| 0.4
| align="right" | 1.97
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 16,929,000
| align="right" | 253,584
| align="right" | 91,965
| align="right" | 161,619
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 9.6
| 0.3
| align="right" | 2.00
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 17,094,000
| align="right" | 251,199
| align="right" | 97,930
| align="right" | 153,269
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 9.0
| 0.7
| align="right" | 1.97
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 17,248,000<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 247,358
| align="right" | 94,985
| align="right" | 152,373
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 8.9
| 0.1
| align="right" | 1.94
|-
| 2012
| align="right" | 17,445,000
| align="right" | 243,635
| align="right" | 98,711
| align="right" | 144,924
| align="right" | 14.0
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 8.3
| 3.0
| align="right" | 1.90
|-
| 2013
| align="right" | 17,612,000
| align="right" | 242,862
| align="right" | 99,770
| align="right" | 143,092
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 8.1
| 1.4
| align="right" | 1.85
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 17,787,000
| align="right" | 252,194
| align="right" | 101,960
| align="right" | 150,234
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 8.5
| 1.4
| align="right" | 1.91
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 17,971,000
| align="right" | 245,406
| align="right" | 103,327
| align="right" | 142,079
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 7.9
| 2.4
| align="right" | 1.86
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 18,167,000
| align="right" | 232,616
| align="right" | 104,026
| align="right" | 128,590
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 7.1
| 3.8
| align="right" | 1.75
|-
| 2017
| align="right" | 18,419,192
| align="right" | 219,494
| align="right" | 106,388
| align="right" | 113,106
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 6.1
| 7.7
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| 2018
| align="right" | 18,751,405
| align="right" | 221,724
| align="right" | 106,786
| align="right" | 114,938
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 6.1
| 11.8
| align="right" | 1.62
|-
| 2019
| align="right" | 19,107,216
| align="right" | 210,188
| align="right" | 109,658
| align="right" | 100,530
| align="right" | 11.0
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 5.3
| 13.5
| align="right" | 1.50
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 19,458,310
| align="right" | 194,978
| align="right" | 126,169
| align="right" | 68,809
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 3.5
| 14.8
| align="right" | 1.30
|-
| 2021
| align="right" | 19,678,363
| 177,273
| style="color: red" | 137,629
| 39,644
| 9.0
| 6.9
| 2.1
| 9.3
| 1.17
|-
| 2022
| 19,828,563
| 189,310
| 136,958 
| 52,352
| 9.6
| 6.8 
| 2.8
| 5.0
| 1.32
|-
| 2023
| style="color: blue" | 19,960,889
| 173,920
| 121,270 
| 52,650
| 8.7
| 6.0
| 2.7
| 4.1
| 1.16
|-
| 2024
| style="color: blue" | 
| style="color: red" | 154,441
| 126,883
| style="color: red" | 27,558
| style="color: red" | 7.7
| 6.3
| style="color: red" |1.4
| 
| style="color: red" | 1.03
|}
<small><sup>1</sup>This estimate and those of previous years were made before the 2012 census results were known.</small>

(p) = preliminary figures.| 2020<sup>1</sup>

===Current vital statistics===
The Ine publishes monthly the vital statistics report.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estadísticas vitales |url=https://www.ine.gob.cl/estadisticas/sociales/demografia-y-vitales/nacimientos-matrimonios-y-defunciones |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January–September 2024'''
| 103,674
| 91,783
| +11,891
|-
| '''January–September 2025'''
| 110,136
| 95,384
| +14,752
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{increase}} +6,462 (+6.23%)
| {{increasenegative}} +3,601 (+3.92%)
| {{increase}} +2,861
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Enero de 2024: número de nacimientos, matrimonios y muertes bajan interanualmente |url=https://www.ine.gob.cl/sala-de-prensa/prensa/general/noticia/2024/03/27/enero-de-2024-n%C3%BAmero-de-nacimientos-matrimonios-y-muertes-bajan-interanualmente |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref>
|}

===Total fertility rates by region===
[[File:Chile isf 24.png|alt=Total fertility rate by region in Chile 2024|thumb|right|222x222px|Total fertility rate by region]]
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+2024
![[Regions of Chile|Region]]
!TFR
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Tarapaca, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]]|| align="right" |1.30 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Atacama, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]|| align="right" |1.27 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Arica y Parinacota, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Arica y Parinacota Region|Arica and Parinacota]]|| align="right" |1.26 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of O'Higgins Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[O'Higgins Region|O'Higgins]]|| align="right" |1.23 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of La Araucanía Region.svg|23px|border]] [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]]|| align="right" |1.20 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Los Lagos Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Los Lagos Region|Los Lagos]]|| align="right" |1.17 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Maule, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Maule Region|Maule]]|| align="right" |1.17 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Ñuble Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Ñuble Region|Ñuble]]|| align="right" |1.17 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Biobío Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Biobío Region|Biobío]]|| align="right" |1.08 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Los Ríos, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Los Ríos Region|Los Ríos]]|| align="right" |1.08 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Antofagasta Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]|| align="right" |1.07 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Coquimbo Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo]]|| align="right" |1.07 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Aysen, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Aysén Region|Aysén]]|| align="right" |1.06 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Valparaiso Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]]|| align="right" |1.04 
|-
|'''{{flag|Chile}}'''|| align="right" |1.03
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Magallanes Region|Magallanes]]|| align="right" |0.93 
|-
|[[Image:Flag of the Metropolitan Region, Chile.svg|23px|border]] [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Metropolitan]]|| align="right" |0.92 
|}

===United Nations estimates===

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
<ref name="WPP 2015"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! rowspan=2|Period
! rowspan=2|Live births<br />per year
! rowspan=2|Deaths<br />per year
! rowspan=2|Natural change<br />per year
! rowspan=2|CBR*
! rowspan=2|CDR*
! rowspan=2|NC*
! rowspan=2|TFR*
! rowspan=2|IMR*
! colspan=3|Life expectancy
|-
! total
! males
! females
|-
| 1950–1955 || 244,000|| 94,000|| 150,000||37.5||14.5||23.0||5.15||120||54.9||52.9||56.8
|-
| 1955–1960 || 268,000|| 95,000|| 173,000||36.8||13.1||23.7||5.18||118||56.2||53.8||58.7
|-
| 1960–1965 || 285,000|| 95,000|| 190,000||35.0||11.6||23.4||4.96||109||58.1||55.3||61.0
|-
| 1965–1970 || 291,000|| 93,000|| 198,000||32.1||10.2||21.9||4.46||89||60.8||57.7||63.9
|-
| 1970–1975 || 271,000|| 88,000|| 183,000||27.1||8.8||18.3||3.57||69||63.7||60.6||67.0
|-
| 1975–1980 || 257,000|| 84,000|| 173,000||23.8||7.8||16.0||2.93||45||67.4||64.0||70.8
|-
| 1980–1985 || 265,000|| 82,000|| 183,000||22.7||7.1||15.6||2.66||24||70.9||67.4||74.4
|-
| 1985–1990 || 286,000|| 81,000|| 205,000||22.7||6.4||16.3||2.60||18||72.8||69.6||76.0
|-
| 1990–1995 || 278,000|| 80,000|| 198,000||20.4||5.9||14.5||2.38||14||74.5||71.5||77.4
|-
| 1995–2000 || 261,000|| 80,000|| 181,000||17.8||5.5||12.3||2.16||12||75.9||72.8||78.9
|-
| 2000–2005 || 248,000|| 82,000|| 166,000||15.9||5.2||10.7||2.00||8||77.9||74.8||80.9
|-
| 2005–2010 || 240,000|| 85,000|| 155,000||14.5||5.1||9.4||1.88||7||78.6||75.5||81.7
|-
| 2010–2015 || 235,000|| 89,000|| 146,000||13.5||5.1||8.4||1.78||6||79.8||77.0||82.6
|-
| 2015–2020 || 233,000|| 96,000|| 137,000||13.3||5.2||7.5||1.73||5||81.0||78.3||83.6
|-
|align="left" colspan="12" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}

==Ethnic groups==
{{main|Chilean people}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Racial groups in Chile (2024 census)<ref name=":0"/>
|label1 = Undeclared
|value1 = 87.66
|color1 = White
|label2 = [[Indigenous peoples of Chile|Indigenous]]
|value2 = 11.40
|color2 = #BE7343
|label3 = [[Black Chileans|Blacks]]
|value3 = 0.94
|color3 = #62402F
}}

Chile is a [[Multiethnic society|diverse society]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Omotayo |first1=Folake |date=12 April 2018 |title=Chile Country Profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19357497 |agency=BBC}}</ref> home to individuals with varied ethnic backgrounds. Studies on the ethnic makeup of [[Chile]] differ significantly from one another.

According to censuses from the colonial period, the white population exceeded 70% of the population of Chile (approximately 79% in 1810). [http://books.google.cl/books?id=QCCLWmy_8zcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false 102]

Studies estimates the white population at between 20%,<ref name="BritannicaCL2">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Chile |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-198552/Chile |access-date=2012-09-15 |quote="Chile's ethnic makeup is largely a product of Spanish colonization. About three fourths of Chileans are mestizo, a mixture of European and Amerindian ancestries. One-fifth of Chileans are of white European (mainly Spanish) descent.}}</ref> to over 60% of the Chilean population. According to [[genetic research]] by the [[University of Brasília]], Chilean genetic admixture consists of 51.6% European, 42.1% Amerindian, and 6.3% African ancestry.<ref name="Godinho20082">{{cite thesis |last1=Godinho |first1=Neide Maria de Oliveira |title=Repositório Institucional da UnB: Home |date=2008 |url=http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5542}}</ref> According to an autosomal genetic study of 2014 carried out among soldiers in the city of Arica, Northern Chile, the European admixture goes from 56.8% in soldiers born in [[Magallanes Region|Magallanes]] to 41.2% for the ones who were born in [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041222075049/http://www.medwave.cl/ciencia/11.act El Gradiente Sociogenético Chileno y sus Implicaciones Etico-Sociales] (2014)</ref> According to a study from 2013, conducted by the ''Candela Project'' in Northern Chile as well, the genetic admixture of Chile is 52% European, 44% Native American, and 4% African.<ref>{{cite web |title=LUN.COM Mobile |url=http://www.lun.com/LunMobileIphone//Pages/NewsDetailMobile.aspx?dt=2013-11-23&BodyId=0&PaginaID=18&NewsID=246141&Name=I2&PagNum=0&Return=R&SupplementId=0&Anchor=20131123_18_0_I246141 |work=lun.com}}</ref>

A 2007 [[public health]] book from the [[University of Chile]] states that 65% of the population are Mestizos with predominantly White admixture, with 30% being of [[Caucasoid]] origin and [[Amerindians]] comprising the remaining 5%.<ref name="UC22">{{cite web |title=5.2.6. Estructura racial |url=http://mazinger.sisib.uchile.cl/repositorio/lb/ciencias_quimicas_y_farmaceuticas/medinae/cap2/5b6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016124831/http://mazinger.sisib.uchile.cl/repositorio/lb/ciencias_quimicas_y_farmaceuticas/medinae/cap2/5b6.html |archive-date=October 16, 2007 |access-date=2007-08-26 |work=La Universidad de Chile |language=}} ([http://mazinger.sisib.uchile.cl/repositorio/lb/ciencias_quimicas_y_farmaceuticas/medinae/ Main page])</ref> [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] (UNAM) professor of [[Latin American studies]], Francisco Lizcano, estimates that 52.7% of the Chilean population can be classified as [[Culture of Europe|culturally European]], with 39.3% being [[Mestizo]] and the remaining 8% belonging to [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian cultures]].<ref name="Lizcano2">{{cite book |last1=Fernández |first1=Francisco Lizcano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcabJ98-t1wC&pg=PA93 |title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México |year=2007 |isbn=978-970-757-052-8}}</ref> Other social studies put the total number of [[White people|Whites]] at over 60%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fabregat |first1=Claudio Esteva |title=El mestizaje en Iberoamérica |publisher=Alhambra |year=1988 |language=es |trans-title=Mestizaje in Ibero-America |oclc=607746880}}{{page needed|date=November 2020}}</ref> According to a study performed in 2014, 37.9% of Chileans self-identified as white, and subsequent DNA tests showed that the average self identifying white was genetically 54% European.<ref name=":02">{{cite journal |last1=Ruiz-Linares |first1=Andrés |last2=Adhikari |first2=Kaustubh |last3=Acuña-Alonzo |first3=Victor |last4=Quinto-Sanchez |first4=Mirsha |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Claudia |last6=Arias |first6=William |last7=Fuentes |first7=Macarena |last8=Pizarro |first8=María |last9=Everardo |first9=Paola |last10=de Avila |first10=Francisco |last11=Gómez-Valdés |first11=Jorge |last12=León-Mimila |first12=Paola |last13=Hunemeier |first13=Tábita |last14=Ramallo |first14=Virginia |last15=Silva de Cerqueira |first15=Caio C. |date=25 September 2014 |title=Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=10 |issue=9 |article-number=e1004572 |bibcode=2014PLOSG..10.4572R |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572 |pmc=4177621 |pmid=25254375 |doi-access=free |last16=Burley |first16=Mari-Wyn |last17=Konca |first17=Esra |last18=de Oliveira |first18=Marcelo Zagonel |last19=Veronez |first19=Mauricio Roberto |last20=Rubio-Codina |first20=Marta |last21=Attanasio |first21=Orazio |last22=Gibbon |first22=Sahra |last23=Ray |first23=Nicolas |last24=Gallo |first24=Carla |last25=Poletti |first25=Giovanni |last26=Rosique |first26=Javier |last27=Schuler-Faccini |first27=Lavinia |last28=Salzano |first28=Francisco M. |last29=Bortolini |first29=Maria-Cátira |last30=Canizales-Quinteros |first30=Samuel |last31=Rothhammer |first31=Francisco |last32=Bedoya |first32=Gabriel |last33=Balding |first33=David |last34=Gonzalez-José |first34=Rolando}}</ref>

According to a 2012 estimate by the [[US Central Intelligence Agency]] [[World Factbook]], the population consists of 88.9% of "White and non-Indigenous", with the remaining percentages being Amerindians, except for a 0.3% "unspecified".

The 2011 [[Latinobarómetro]] survey asked respondents in Chile to identify their race, with the majority (67%) selecting "white," followed by "mestizo" (25%), and "indigenous" (8%).<ref>[http://www.latinobarometro.org/latino/LATContenidos.jsp Informe Latinobarómetro 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113084058/http://www.latinobarometro.org/latino/LATContenidos.jsp|date=January 13, 2016}}, [[Latinobarómetro]].</ref> In a 2002 national poll, the majority of Chileans reported having "some" (43.4%) or "much" (8.3%) indigenous ancestry, while 40.3% claimed to have none.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 2002 |title=Encuesta CEP, Julio 2002 |url=http://www.cepchile.cl/enc_encuestas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429001707/http://www.cepchile.cl/enc_encuestas.html |archive-date=April 29, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2012 |language=es }}</ref>

As of 2002, according to [[Encyclopedia Britannica]], 89% of Chileans were white or mestizo, and 11% were Indigenous.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Chile - Indigenous, Mestizo, European {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chile/People |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> A 2002 national census classified the population as indigenous and non-indigenous rather than as White or Mestizo.

===Indigenous communities===
[[File:Pueblos indigenas de Chile.svg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution of the pre-Hispanic people of Chile, north is to the right]]
{{Main|Indigenous peoples in Chile}}
[[File:Niña Mapuche Concepción Chile 1902 (2).jpg|thumb|1902 photograph of a [[Mapuche]] girl from [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] in southern Chile]]
The 1907 census reported 101,118 Indians, or 3.1% of the total country population. Only those that practiced their native culture or spoke their native language were considered, irrespective of their "racial purity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl//temas/documento_detalle.asp?id=MC0007943 |title=1907 census |publisher=Memoriachilena.cl |access-date=May 16, 2010}}</ref>

According to the 2002 census, only indigenous people that still practiced a native culture or spoke a native language were surveyed, and 4.6% of the population (692,192 people) fit that description. Of that 4.6%, 87.3% declared themselves Mapuche.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/cd2002/sintesiscensal.pdf|title=Censo 2002 – Síntesis de Resultados|work=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas}}</ref> Most of the indigenous population show varying degrees of mixed ancestry.<ref name="medwave">{{cite web|url=http://www.medwave.cl/ciencia/11.act |title=El gradiente sociogenético chileno y sus implicaciones ético-sociales |publisher=Medwave.cl |date=June 15, 2000 |access-date=May 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818181825/http://www.medwave.cl/ciencia/11.act |archive-date=August 18, 2013 }}</ref>

Chile is one of the twenty-two countries to have signed and ratified the only binding [[international law]] concerning indigenous peoples, [[Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091225170052/http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169 |archive-date=December 25, 2009 |title=ILOLEX: submits English query |publisher=Ilo.org |date=January 9, 2004 |access-date=May 16, 2010 }}</ref> It was adopted in 1989 as the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) Convention 169. Chile ratified the convention in 2008. In November 2009, a court decision in Chile, considered to be a landmark ruling in indigenous rights concerns, made use of the ILO convention 169. The Supreme Court decision on Aymara water rights upholds rulings by both the Pozo Almonte tribunal and the Iquique Court of Appeals, and marks the first judicial application of ILO Convention 169 in Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17739:chiles-supreme-court-upholds-indigenous-water-use-rights&catid=19:other&Itemid=142 |title=Chile's Supreme Court Upholds Indigenous Water Use Rights |publisher=The Santiago Times |date=November 30, 2009 |access-date=March 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303200719/http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17739:chiles-supreme-court-upholds-indigenous-water-use-rights&catid=19:other&Itemid=142 |archive-date=March 3, 2010 }}</ref>

Chile administers [[Easter Island]] a territory 4,100&nbsp;km west of the mainland. The [[Rapa Nui]] people are native to the island and are [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] in origin. About 3,500 live on the island,<ref>[http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/MenPrincOK.xls Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307050157/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/MenPrincOK.xls |date=March 7, 2012 }}(INE).</ref> but around 10,000 came to the mainland in the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Those belonging to recognised indigenous communities (2002)
|-
! Community !! Population !! Percentage
|-
|[[Alacalufe people|Alacaluf]]
|align="right"|2,622
|{{percentage bar|0.02}}
|-
|[[Mapuche]]
|align="right"|604,349
|{{percentage bar|4.00}}
|-
|[[Atacameño]]
|align="right"|21,015
|{{percentage bar|0.14}}
|-
|[[Quechuas|Quechua]]
|align="right"|6,175
|{{percentage bar|0.04}}
|-
|[[Aymara people|Aymara]]
|align="right"|48,501
|{{percentage bar|0.32}}
|-
|[[Rapanui]]
|align="right"|4,647
|{{percentage bar|0.03}}
|-
|[[Colla people|Colla]]
|align="right"|3,198
|{{percentage bar|0.02}}
|-
|[[Yaghan people|Yaghan]]
|align="right"|1,685
|{{percentage bar|0.01}}
|}

=== European immigration ===
{{See also|Immigration to Chile}}

[[File:FamigliaCastagnaColoniCapitanPastene1910.jpg|thumb|Italian ([[Emilia (region of Italy)|Emilian]]) immigrants to [[Capitán Pastene]] in southern Chile.]]

Chile – located far from Europe and difficult to reach – was never an attractive place for migrants from Europe,<ref name=Euzko>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819165814/http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf |date= August 19, 2013 }} "...De Los Vascos, Oñati Y Los Elorza" by ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''. Page 59, 65, 66</ref><ref name="HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile">{{cite book | title= Historia Contemporánea de Chile |last1= Salazar Vergara |first1= Gabriel |last2= Pinto |first2= Julio |author-link1= Gabriel Salazar |author-link2= Julio Pinto | year= 1999 | publisher= [[LOM Ediciones]] | location= Santiago de Chile | isbn= 978-956-282-174-2 |chapter= La Presencia Inmigrante |pages= 76–81 |access-date= September 16, 2012 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vyx8JQtvU78C&q=Chile+migracion+europea&pg=PA78 }}</ref> a situation recognized in the census of 1907, the census which recorded the highest percentage of Europeans versus the total population of Chile (2.2%).<ref name=1907Census/>

{{Blockquote|The observed increase in 1885 is due in large part to the annexation of three provinces after the [[War of the Pacific|Pacific War]] and the final conquest of the [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]]. Given that our country receives almost no foreign immigration, this increase is significant, when compared with that of more advanced countries in this regard. The comparative table that follows demonstrates this:<br />
(...)<br />
Except for those lucky countries that have seen in the last half century flocking to its beaches a huge influx of immigrants, a situation that unfortunately is not ours, the rate of increase of the population of Chile, figures honorably between the rate of the most prosperous countries on Earth.| National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas)<ref name=1907Census>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas: [http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/cedoc_online/censos/pdf/censo_1907.pdf 1907 Population Census, Page XVII (Page 14/1277 in the PDF document)] {{in lang|es}}</ref>}}

[[European migration]] in the 19th century did not result in a remarkable change in the ethnic composition of Chile, except in the [[Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region|region of Magellan]] and the city of Concepcion in the BIO-BIO Region.<ref name=C1907>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile: [http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/cedoc_online/censos/pdf/censo_1907.pdf Censo de población de 1907, page-PDF 55/1277 and page-PDF 1249/1277] {{in lang|es}}</ref>

Spain and France was the largest source of European immigration to Chile during the 17th and 18th centuries, specially from the deep southern parts of Andalusia and Extremadura, which contributed to the Chilean ethnogenesis with thousands of peasants who migrated to the fertile lands of the Chilean Central Valley alongside the Basque merchants who started to arrive in the 18th century in great numbers.

The largest contingent of people to have arrived in post-independence Chile came from Spain and from the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque country]], a region divided between northern Spain and southern France. Estimates of the number of Chileans who have one or two surnames of [[Basques|Basque]] origin range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 20% (3,200,000).<ref name="Diariovasco">[http://www.diariovasco.com/pg060724/prensa/noticias/AlDia/200607/24/DVA-ALD-003.html Diariovasco]. Diariovasco. (December 1, 1997).</ref><ref>[http://www.osasun.ejgv.euskadi.net/r52-20726/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html vascos] Ainara Madariaga:
Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.</ref><ref>[http://www.euskonews.com/0072zbk/gaia7204es.html Basques au Chili]. Euskonews.com.</ref><ref>''Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita:'' Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco.</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.empresariosvascos.cl/boletines/2008-11-03-BOLETIN-EMPREBASK.pdf La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi.] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100202064123/http://www.empresariosvascos.cl/boletines/2008-11-03-BOLETIN-EMPREBASK.pdf |date= February 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=Euzko3>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819165814/http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf |date= August 19, 2013 }} De Los Vascos, Oñati y Los Elorza ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''.</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.euskalkultura.com/noticias/jon-erdozia-nuevo-delegado-en-chile-iniciativas-vasco-chilenas-como-emprebask-son-exportables-a-otros-paises?language_sync=1 Presencia vasca en Chile.]</ref> Note that this phenomenon occurs not only in Chile, but also in every [[autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous Community]] of Spain,<ref name=migraciones>{{cite web |title= Apellidos y Migraciones Internas en La España Cristiana de La Reconquista |first1= Fernando González del Campo |last1= Román |url= http://hispagen.es/encuentro1/migraciones.pdf }}</ref> as well as in other Latin American countries – one can see that a substantial portion of their populations [[Spanish naming customs|have one or two surnames]] of [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque]] or [[Navarre]] origin,<ref name="euskonews">{{cite web |url= http://www.euskonews.com/0214zbk/kosmo21402.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921192107/http://www.euskonews.com/0214zbk/kosmo21402.html |archive-date= September 21, 2003 |title= Presente y futuro de los Centros Vascos en Argentina (I de III) |access-date= November 19, 2015 }}</ref><ref>Luis Gorostiza, (1912).{{full citation needed|date= November 2020}}</ref><ref>Vascos en Colombia, Tomos 1 y 2, Francisco de Abrisketa, Jaime de Kerexet</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/21/world/montevideo-journal-basques-have-lots-to-boast-of-and-at-times-do.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title= Montevideo Journal: Basques Have Lots to Boast of (and at Times Do) |quote= A fourth of Uruguay's three million people have at least one parent with a Basque surname. | work= The New York Times | first= Shirley | last= Christian | date= November 21, 1989 | access-date= April 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>Bacaicoa Sanz, Francisco: "Apellidos vascos en el México de los Virreyes", en BIAEV, XXX, Bilbao, 1979.</ref><ref>De Ispizúa, Segundo: Los vascos en América: Simón Bolívar Volumen 2; Volumen 5</ref> tending to be more common in the upper classes, and hence becoming more unusual in lower classes.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=meYLAAAAYAAJ&q=apellidos+vascos+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina Presencia vasca en América, 1492–1992: una mirada crítica] {{blockquote| (Fragment)Hoy día los apellidos vascos son frecuentes en los grupos dirigentes, políticos y económicos, de gran número de países de América Latina. Una lista de las cincuenta mayores familias propietarias de Argentina... }}</ref>

Chile's various waves of non-Spanish immigrants include [[Italian Chilean|Italians]], Irish, [[French Chilean|French]], [[Greeks in Chile|Greeks]], [[German Chilean|Germans]], [[English Chilean|English]], [[Scottish people|Scots]], [[Croatian Chilean|Croats]], and [[Polish Chilean|Poles]].

In 1848 an important and substantial [[German Chilean|German]] immigration took place, laying the foundation for the [[German-Chilean]] community.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.nuestro.cl/museos/museos_uasutral3.htm Los colonos] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212428/http://www.nuestro.cl/museos/museos_uasutral3.htm |date= January 16, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016092348/http://pehueneditores.com/bodega_pehuen/20%20de%20junio/ensayo/orden%20prodigioso.pdf Alemanes en Chile.]}}</ref> Sponsored by the Chilean government for the colonization of the southern region, the Germans (including German-speaking [[Swiss people|Swiss]], [[Silesians]], [[Alsace|Alsatians]] and [[Austrians]]), [[German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue|strongly influenced the cultural and racial composition of the southern provinces of Chile]]. It is difficult to count the number of descendants of Germans in Chile, given the great amount of time since 1848. Because many areas of [[southern Chile]] were sparsely populated, the traces of German immigration there are quite noticeable. An independent estimate calculates that about 500,000 Chileans could descend from German immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|title= Alemanes en Chile: entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial |url= http://www.dw.de/alemanes-en-chile-entre-el-pasado-colono-y-el-presente-empresarial/a-14958983-1|access-date= December 22, 2012 |date= March 31, 2011 |agency= Deustche-Welle |language= es | quote= Hoy, el perfil de los alemanes residentes aquí es distinto y ya no tienen el peso numérico que alguna vez alcanzaron. En los años 40 y 50 eran en Chile el segundo mayor grupo de extranjeros, representando el 13% (13.000 alemanes). Según el último censo de 2002, en cambio, están en el octavo lugar: son sólo 5.500 personas, lo que equivale al 3% de los foráneos. Sin embargo, la colonia formada por familias de origen alemán es activa y numerosa. Según explica Karla Berndt, gerente de comunicaciones de la Cámara Chileno-Alemana de Comercio (Camchal), los descendientes suman 500.000. Concentrados en el sur y centro del país, donde encuentran un clima más afín, su red de instituciones es amplia. "Hay clínicas, clubes, una Liga Chileno-Alemana, compañías de bomberos y un periódico semanal en alemán llamado Cóndor. Chile es el lugar en el que se concentra el mayor número de colegios alemanes, 24, lo que es mucho para un país tan chico de sólo 16 millones de habitantes", relata Berndt. / (Translation) Today, the profile of the Germans living here is different and now they no longer have the numerical weight they once reached. In the 1940s and 1950s they were the second-largest foreign group in Chile, accounting for 13% (13,000 Germans). According to the last census in 2002, however, they are in eighth place: they are only 5,500 people, equivalent to 3% of outsiders. However, the colony of families of German origin is active and numerous. According to Karla Berndt, communications manager for the German-Chilean Chamber of Commerce (Camchal), descendants totaled 500,000. Concentrated in the south and center of the country, where they find a more congenial climate, its network of institutions is wide. "There are clinics, clubs, a Chilean-German League, fire companies and a German weekly newspaper called ''Condor''. Chile is the place with the largest concentration of German schools, 24 which is a lot for such a small country of only 16&nbsp;million people", says Berndt.}}</ref>

Other historically significant immigrant groups included [[Croatian Chilean|Croats]], whose descendants today are estimated at 380,000 persons, or 2.4% of the Chilean population.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Diaspora-Croata.htm Diaspora Croata.]</ref><ref>[http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu.] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110917024605/http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 |date= September 17, 2011 }}</ref> Some authors claim that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some [[Croatian diaspora|Croatian ancestry]].<ref name="hrvatski">{{cite web|url= http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm |title= Hrvatski Dom - Inmigrantes Croatas |publisher= hrvatski.cl |access-date= November 19, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195315/http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm |archive-date= March 3, 2016 }}</ref> Over 700,000 Chileans (4.5% of the Chilean population) may have [[British people|British]] ([[English people|English]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] or [[Welsh people|Welsh]]) and [[Irish people|Irish]] forebears.<ref name=british>{{cite web |url= http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile |title= Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX |access-date= April 26, 2009 |archive-date= November 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003642/http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673 }}</ref> Chileans of [[Greeks|Greek descent]] are estimated to number between 90,000 and 120,000;<ref>{{in lang |es}} [http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ Embajada de Grecia en Chile.] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |date= October 16, 2015 }}</ref> most live in or near either [[Santiago]] or [[Antofagasta]], and Chile is one of the five countries in the world most populated with descendants of Greeks.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ Griegos de Chile] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |date= October 16, 2015 }}</ref> The descendants of Swiss immigrants add 90,000,<ref name="schweizergruppe">{{cite web |url= http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090903012338/http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |archive-date= September 3, 2009 |title= 90,000 descendants of Swiss in Chile. |access-date= November 19, 2015 }}</ref> and estimates suggest that about 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.<ref>{{in lang |es}} [http://www.karnobooks.com/cgi-bin/karno/5814.html 5% de los chilenos tiene origen frances.] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080412230551/http://www.karnobooks.com/cgi-bin/karno/5814.html |date= April 12, 2008 }}</ref> 600,000 Chileans descend from [[Italian Chilean|Italian]] immigrants. Other groups of [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] exist but are found in smaller numbers, such as the descendants of [[Austrians]]<ref name="dbnl">{{cite web|url= http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jong038duit01_01/jong038duit01_01_0018.php |title= L. de Jong, De Duitse Vijfde Colonne in de Tweede Wereldoorlog &middot; dbnl &#124; Hoofdstuk XVI Historisch tussenspel |publisher= dbnl.org|access-date= November 19, 2015}}</ref>{{request quotation|date=January 2021}} and [[Dutchmen]] (estimated at about 50,000).<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818221629/http://www.cstandt.com/content/dutch-immigration Dutch immigration.]}}</ref><ref name="tripod">
{{cite web
|url= http://members.tripod.com/jans_chile.cl/holandeses3.htm |title= A principios del siglo XX &#124; Holando-bóers al sur de Chile. |publisher= members.tripod.com|access-date= November 19, 2015
}}
</ref>

=== Latin American immigrants ===
{{See also|Immigration to Chile}}

Since [[Chilean transition to democracy|the reestablishment of democracy in Chile]], the former tendency for emigrants from the country to outnumber immigrants to it has reversed. Chile now is one of the two countries in [[Latin America]] with a positive [[Human migration|migration]] rate.<ref name="un2">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/2006_MigrationRep/Profiles_country.pdf |title= United Nations Population Division |publisher=un.org|access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> Since 1990, with the opening of Chile to the world, through a free market system, and the consequent socioeconomic development of the country, has been noted the attraction of a significant number of immigrants from various Latin American countries, which represented in Census 2017, approximately 1,200,000 people, corresponding to 7% of the population residing in the Chilean territory, without counting their descendants born in Chile, due to the effects of the [[ius soli]].<ref name="Formas de nacionalidad en Chile">[[Library of Congress of Chile]]: [https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=242302&idParte=8563477&idVersion=2012-12-15 Nacionalidad y ciudadanía]. ''Artículo 10, inciso primero'' de la [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|Constitución de 1980]]. Review: 2019-27-5.</ref> Their main origins, corresponds to: 288,233 [[Venezuelans]], 223,923 [[Peruvians]], 179,338 [[Haitians]], 146,582 [[Colombians]], 107,346 [[Bolivians]], 74,713 [[Argentines]], 36,994 [[Ecuadorians]], 18,185 [[Brazilians]], 17,959 [[Dominicans]], 15,837 [[Cubans]] and 8,975 [[Mexicans]].<ref name="Censo, 2017">[https://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/demograficas-y-vitales/#estimacion-de-personas-extranjeras Demográficas y Vitales], INE Chile. Review: 2019-14-2.</ref>

This has prompted a change in the [[physiognomy]] of certain communes in the country where its number is concentrated. In communes such as [[Santiago Centro]] and [[Independencia, Chile|Independencia]], 1/3 of residents is a Latin American immigrant (28% and 31% of the population of these communes, respectively).<ref name="Canal 13, 5 de mayo de 2018">[[Canal 13 (Chile)|Canal 13]]: [http://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/Censo-2017-28-de-habitantes-en-la-comuna-de-Santiago-son-inmigrantes Censo 2017: 28% de habitantes en la comuna de Santiago son inmigrantes]. Published: 2018-5-5.</ref> Other communes of Greater Santiago with high numbers of immigrants are [[Estación Central]] (17%) and [[Recoleta, Chile|Recoleta]] (16%).<ref name="24 horas, 5 de mayo de 2018">[https://www.24horas.cl/data/estas-son-las-comunas-de-chile-con-mayor-porcentaje-de-poblacion-extranjera-2704696 Estas son las comunas de Chile con mayor porcentaje de población extranjera]. ''24 Horas Chile''. Published 2018-5-5.</ref> In the northern regions such as Antofagasta region, 17.3% of the population is a Latin American foreigner, with communes such as [[Ollagüe]] (31%), [[Mejillones]] (16%), [[Sierra Gorda]] (16%) and [[Antofagasta]] (11%), with high percentages of Latin American immigrants, mainly Bolivians, Colombians and Peruvians.<ref name="Soy Antofagasta, 5 de mayo de 2018">[https://www.soychile.cl/Antofagasta/Sociedad/2018/05/05/531766/El-11-de-los-habitantes-de-Antofagasta-son-extranjeros.aspx El 11% de los habitantes de Antofagasta son extranjeros]. ''Soy Antofagasta''. Published: 2018-5-5.</ref>

=== Other ethnic groups ===
It is estimated that about 5% of the population (800,000) is descendant of [[Asia]]n immigrants, chiefly from the [[Middle East]] (i.e. [[Palestinians]], [[Syrians]] and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], ''see'' [[Arab Chileans]]).<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.blog-v.com/arabesenchile/ Arabes de Chile.]</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318054736/http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |date=March 18, 2012 }}</ref> Most of these are Christians from the [[Levant]],<ref name="blog-v">{{cite web|url=http://www.blog-v.com/arabesenchile/ |title= Arab. |publisher=blog-v.com|access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> of whom roughly 500,000 are [[Palestinian people|Palestinian descendants]], mostly [[Christians]], are believed to reside in Chile.<ref name="adnkronos">{{cite web |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |title=Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome - Adnkronos Culture And Media |publisher=adnkronos.com |access-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124194143/http://www1.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513104200/http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |date=May 13, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/9/20091016/twl-el-alcalde-de-santiago-pone-a-chile-eae1567_1.html Santiago de Chile es un modelo de convivencia palestino-judía.]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://palestinethinktank.com/2008/05/05/exiling-palestinians-to-chile/ Exiling Palestinians to Chile.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516225654/http://palestinethinktank.com/2008/05/05/exiling-palestinians-to-chile/ |date=May 16, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/10/16/info/1255724848_222341.html Chile tiene la comunidad palestina más grande fuera del mundo árabe, unos 500.000 descendientes.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519121616/http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/10/16/info/1255724848_222341.html |date=May 19, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="delacole">{{cite web|url=http://www.delacole.com/cgi-perl/medios/vernota.cgi?medio=comunidades&numero=510&nota=510-1 |title=En detrimento de Israel - Acercamiento arabe a America Latina por Natalio Steiner, co-director de Comunidades &#124; En detrimento de Israel Acercamiento arabe a America Latina |publisher=delacole.com|access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> Additionally, about 18,000–25,000 [[Jews]] reside in Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.congresojudio.org.ar/comunidades_detalle.php?id=5 |author=Congreso Judío Latinoamericano |title=Comunidades judías: Chile |language=es |access-date=24 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221215305/http://www.congresojudio.org.ar/comunidades_detalle.php?id=5 |archive-date=December 21, 2014 }}</ref>

In recent years, Chile has had a growing [[East Asian population]], mainly from [[China]] (see [[Chinese Chilean]]), but also from [[Japan]] (see [[Japanese Chilean]]) and [[South Korea]] (see [[Koreans in Chile]]). The earliest wave of East Asian immigration took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly Chinese and Japanese contract laborers.

There is a sizable population of [[Romani people]] in Chile. They are widely and easily recognized, and continue to hold on to their traditions and language, and many continue to live semi-nomadic lifestyles traveling from city to city and living in small tented [[communities]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/roma-rights-journal/emerging-romani-voices-from-latin-america|title=Emerging Romani Voices from Latin America|website=European Roma Rights Centre|language=HU|access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>

=== Population genetics ===
[[Genetics]] studies fluctuate between 57,8% and 67.9% European;<ref name="Oliveira, 2008">{{cite thesis |last1=Godinho |first1=Neide Maria de Oliveira |title=O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas |trans-title=The impact of migration on the genetic makeup of Latin American populations |language=pt |year=2008 |url=http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5542 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316152334/https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5542 |archive-date=16 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Valenzuela, 1984">{{cite journal |last1=Valenzuela |first1=C. |title=Marco de referencia sociogenetico para los estudios de salud publica en Chile |trans-title=Sociogenetic reference limits for public health studies in Chile |language=es |journal=Revista Chilena de Pediatría |date=1984 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=123–127 |pmid=6473850 |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-20293 }}</ref><ref name="Vanegas et al, 2008">{{cite journal |last1=Vanegas L |first1=Jairo |last2=Villalón C |first2=Marcelo |last3=Valenzuela Y |first3=Carlos |title=Consideraciones acerca del uso de la variable etnia/raza en investigación epidemiológica para la Salud Pública: A propósito de investigaciones en inequidades |trans-title=Ethnicity and race as variables in epidemiológical research about inequity |language=es |journal=Revista médica de Chile |date=May 2008 |volume=136 |issue=5 |doi=10.4067/S0034-98872008000500014 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Cruz-Coke">{{cite journal |last1=Cruz-Coke |first1=R |last2=Moreno |first2=R S |title=Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile. |journal=Journal of Medical Genetics |date=1 September 1994 |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=702–706 |doi=10.1136/jmg.31.9.702 |pmid=7815439 |pmc=1050080 }}</ref> between 32.1% and 44.3% Amerindian;<ref name="Valenzuela, 1984"/><ref name="Fuentes et al 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Fuentes |first1=Macarena |last2=Pulgar |first2=Iván |last3=Gallo |first3=Carla |last4=Bortolini |first4=María-Cátira |last5=Canizales-Quinteros |first5=Samuel |last6=Bedoya |first6=Gabriel |last7=González-José |first7=Rolando |last8=Ruiz-Linares |first8=Andrés |last9=Rothhammer |first9=Francisco |title=Geografía génica de Chile: Distribución regional de los aportes genéticos americanos, europeos y africanos |trans-title=Gene geography of Chile. Regional distribution of American, European and African genetic contributions |language=es |journal=Revista médica de Chile |date=March 2014 |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=281–289 |doi=10.4067/S0034-98872014000300001 |pmid=25052264 |doi-access=free |hdl=10183/118734 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and 2.5%—6.3% African ancestry percentages.<ref name="Homburger et al, 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Homburger |first1=Julian R. |last2=Moreno-Estrada |first2=Andrés |last3=Gignoux |first3=Christopher R. |last4=Nelson |first4=Dominic |last5=Sanchez |first5=Elena |last6=Ortiz-Tello |first6=Patricia |last7=Pons-Estel |first7=Bernardo A. |last8=Acevedo-Vasquez |first8=Eduardo |last9=Miranda |first9=Pedro |last10=Langefeld |first10=Carl D. |last11=Gravel |first11=Simon |last12=Alarcón-Riquelme |first12=Marta E. |last13=Bustamante |first13=Carlos D. |title=Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=4 December 2015 |volume=11 |issue=12 |article-number=e1005602 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 |pmid=26636962 |pmc=4670080 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Oliveira, 2008"/> A genetic study by the [[University of Chile]] found that the average Chilean's genetic makeup consists of 64% Caucasian and 35% Amerindian ancestry.<ref name="Cruz-Coke3">{{cite journal |title=Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile |year=1994 |publisher=ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|pmc=1050080 |last1=Cruz-Coke |first1=R. |last2=Moreno |first2=R. S. |journal=Journal of Medical Genetics |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=702–706 |doi=10.1136/jmg.31.9.702 |pmid=7815439 }}</ref> In a 2014 study of Chilean soldiers stationed in [[Arica]], researchers found that the average self-identifying white person (37.9%) was genetically only 54% European.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ruiz-Linares |first1=Andrés |last2=Adhikari |first2=Kaustubh |last3=Acuña-Alonzo |first3=Victor |last4=Quinto-Sanchez |first4=Mirsha |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Claudia |last6=Arias |first6=William |last7=Fuentes |first7=Macarena |last8=Pizarro |first8=María |last9=Everardo |first9=Paola |last10=de Avila |first10=Francisco |last11=Gómez-Valdés |first11=Jorge |last12=León-Mimila |first12=Paola |last13=Hunemeier |first13=Tábita |last14=Ramallo |first14=Virginia |last15=Silva de Cerqueira |first15=Caio C. |date=25 September 2014 |title=Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=10 |issue=9 |article-number=e1004572 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572 |pmc=4177621 |pmid=25254375 |last16=Burley |first16=Mari-Wyn |last17=Konca |first17=Esra |last18=de Oliveira |first18=Marcelo Zagonel |last19=Veronez |first19=Mauricio Roberto |last20=Rubio-Codina |first20=Marta |last21=Attanasio |first21=Orazio |last22=Gibbon |first22=Sahra |last23=Ray |first23=Nicolas |last24=Gallo |first24=Carla |last25=Poletti |first25=Giovanni |last26=Rosique |first26=Javier |last27=Schuler-Faccini |first27=Lavinia |last28=Salzano |first28=Francisco M. |last29=Bortolini |first29=Maria-Cátira |last30=Canizales-Quinteros |first30=Samuel |last31=Rothhammer |first31=Francisco |last32=Bedoya |first32=Gabriel |last33=Balding |first33=David |last34=Gonzalez-José |first34=Rolando |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014PLOSG..10.4572R }}</ref>

==Languages==
{{bar box
|title=Languages background in Chile (2012 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Languages 
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|orange|99.5}}
{{bar percent|[[English language|English]]|green|10.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous]] ([[Mapudungu languages|Mapudungun]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], [[Quechuan languages|Quechua]], [[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]])|red|1}}
{{bar percent|Other|yellow|2.3}}
{{bar percent|Unspecified|purple| 0.2}}
}}
{{Main|Languages of Chile}}

The [[Chilean Spanish|Spanish spoken in Chile]] is distinctively accented and quite unlike that of neighbouring South American countries because final syllables and "s" sounds are dropped, and some consonants have a soft pronunciation.<ref name="eth">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CL Chile profile], Ethnologue, retrieved 2010-10-14</ref><ref>Miguel Ángel Bastenier, [http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2014/07/18/actualidad/1405706583_805924.html "Neologismos y barbarismos en el español de dos océanos"], ''[[El País]]'', 19 July 2014, retrieved 20 July 2014. "...el chileno es un producto genuino e inimitable por el resto del universo lingüístico del español."</ref> Accent varies only very slightly from north to south; more noticeable are the small differences in accent based on social class or whether one lives in the city or the country. That the Chilean population was largely formed in a small section at the center of the country and then migrated in modest numbers to the north and south helps explain this relative lack of differentiation, which was maintained by the national reach of radio, and now television, which also helps to diffuse and homogenize colloquial expressions.<ref name="countrystudies">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/chile/85.htm|title=Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830–1973|work=Country Studies|publisher=Library of Congress|date=March 31, 1994}}</ref>

There are several indigenous languages spoken in Chile: [[Mapudungun]], [[Chilean Quechua|Quechua]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]] and [[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]]. After the Spanish invasion, Spanish took over as the [[lingua franca]] and the indigenous languages have become minority languages, with some now extinct or close to extinction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CL|title=Languages of Chile}}</ref>

[[German language|German]] is spoken to a great extent in southern Chile,<ref>{{cite web|first=Oliver|last=Zoellner |url=http://www.research-worldwide.de/article-chile2005.html |title=Oliver Zoellner &#124; Generating Samples of Ethnic Minorities in Chile |publisher=Research-worldwide.de |access-date=December 17, 2009}}</ref> either in small countryside pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities.

Through initiatives such as the [[English Opens Doors]] program, the government made [[English language|English]] mandatory for students in fifth-grade and above in [[State school|public schools]]. Most [[private schools]] in Chile start teaching English from kindergarten.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/chile/090908/lack-english-proficiency |title=Repeat after me: Hello, my name is |publisher=Globalpost.com |access-date=May 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811114741/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/chile/090908/lack-english-proficiency |archive-date=August 11, 2010 }}</ref> Common English words have been absorbed and appropriated into everyday Spanish speech.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sáez Godoy |first1=Leopoldo |title=Anglicismos en el español de Chile |trans-title=Anglicisms in Chilean Spanish |language=es |journal=Atenea (Concepción) |date=2005 |issue=492 |doi=10.4067/S0718-04622005000200010 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Since 2010, all students from 3rd grade in secondary school have been tested on listening and reading comprehension in English. The evaluation is compulsory and the instrument is [[Educational Testing Service]]'s [[TOEIC]] Bridge.

==Religion==
{{bar box
|title=Religious background in Chile (2021 est.)<ref name=CIA/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Roman Catholic]]|orange|42}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|None]]|red|37}}
{{bar percent|[[Evangelical]]|green|14}}
{{bar percent|[[Religion in Chile|Other]]|yellow|6}}
}}
{{Main|Religion in Chile}}
[[Christianity]] is the most widely professed '''religion in Chile''', with [[Catholicism]] being its largest denomination.

==Graphs and maps==

<gallery>
File:Chile density.png|Chile. Population density by [[Communes of Chile|commune]], based on 2002 census (2009)
File:Chile-demography.png|Population from 1820, projected up to 2050
File:Cl-cities.png|Agglomerations and cities above 10,000 inhabitants in 2005
File:Life expectancy in Chile.svg|[[Life expectancy]] in Chile since 1900
File:Life expectancy by WBG -Chile -diff.png|Life expectancy in Chile since 1960 by gender
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Chile topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in Chile}}
{{South America in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Population country lists}}

[[Category:Demographics of Chile| ]]
[[Category:Society of Chile]]
[[Category:Social history of Chile]]