View source for Demographics of Canada

{{Short description|None}}
{{too many charts|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place              = [[Canada]]
| image              = File:Canada 2023 Population Pyramid.svg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = [[Population pyramid]] of Canada in 2023
| size_of_population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 41,465,298<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2024 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=February 5, 2025|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> (2024 Q4 est.)
| density            = {{cvt|4.43|/km2}} (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada: population density |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/271206/population-density-in-canada/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
| growth             = {{Decrease}} 0.66% (2025 est.)
| birth              = {{Decrease}} 9.94 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
| death              = 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
| life               = 83.8 years
| life_male          = 81.52 years
| life_female        = 86.21 years (2022 est.)
| fertility          = 1.25 children born/woman (2024 est.)
| infant_mortality   = 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
| net_migration      = 5.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
<!-- age structure -->
| under_18_years     =
| age_18–44_years    = 
| age_45-64_years    =
| age_0–14_years     = 15.99%
| age_15–64_years    =
| age_65_years       = 18.98%
<!-- sex ratio -->
| total_mf_ratio     =0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
| sr_at_birth        =1.05 male(s)/female
| sr_under_15        =1.06 male(s)/female
| sr_15–64_years     =
| sr_65_years_over   =0.75 male(s)/female

<!-- nationality -->
| nation             = [[Canadians|Canadian]]
| major_ethnic       = [[White people|White]] ({{percentage|25364140|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021newsreleaseB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm |quote=In 2021, just over 25 million people reported being White in the census, representing close to 70% of the total Canadian population. The vast majority reported being White only, while 2.4% also reported one or more other racialized groups. |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/>
| minor_ethnic       = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] ({{percentage|2571400|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] ({{percentage|1807250|36328475|1}})<ref name="indigenous2021"/><br />[[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] ({{percentage|1715775|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Black Canadians|Black]] ({{percentage|1547865|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br /> [[Filipino Canadians|Filipino]] ({{percentage|957355|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Arab Canadians|Arab]] ({{percentage|694020|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] ({{percentage|580240|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Southeast Asia]]n ({{percentage|390340|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[West Asian Canadians|West Asian]] ({{percentage|360490|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Korean Canadians|Korean]] ({{percentage|218135|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Japanese Canadians|Japanese]] ({{percentage|98895|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/><br />[[Multiracial people|Multiracial]]/Other, excluding Métis ({{percentage|1162055|36328475|1}})<ref name="2021censusA"/>
<!-- language -->
| official           = English (55.97%) <br /> French (20.61%)
| spoken             = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (1.7%) <br /> [[Cantonese]] (1.63%) <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (1.44%) <br /> [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (1.32%) <br /> [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (1.24%) <br /> [[Arabic]] (1.21%) <br /> [[German language|German]] (1.1%) <br /> [[Italian language|Italian]] (1.08%) <br /> Others (12.7%) <!-- only list spoken languages in Canada >1% per most recent census data -->
| footnote           = Language figures are from the [[2016 Canadian census]] and based on total number of [[first language|first language speakers (mother tongue)]], and not total number of individuals who may speak the language as a [[Second language|second (L2)]], [[Third language acquisition|third (L3)]], or more language. See [[Languages of Canada#Knowledge of languages|knowledge of languages]] for this information.
}}

[[Statistics Canada]] conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The [[2021 Canadian census]] enumerated a [[Population of Canada by year|total population]] of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure.<ref name=2021cen>{{cite web |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada |url-status=live |access-date=February 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209165904/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada |archive-date=2022-02-09 }}</ref> It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colley |first=Mark |date=2024-03-28 |title=Canada's population hits 41 million, growing by a million in just nine months |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/canadas-population-hits-41-million-growing-by-a-million-in-just-nine-months/article_021a0bd0-ed20-11ee-9e9a-bfd1e944d4f5.html |access-date= |website=Toronto Star |language=en}}</ref> Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6&nbsp;million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/statistics/trends10/chapter3.cfm |title=Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada, 1990 to 2008 |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |year=2011 |access-date=December 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162432/http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/statistics/trends10/chapter3.cfm |archive-date=December 22, 2015}}</ref> The main driver of population growth is [[Immigration to Canada|immigration]],<ref>{{cite book |first1=Barry |last1=Edmonston |first2=Eric |last2=Fong |title=The Changing Canadian Population |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVYOgvFPvBEC&pg=PA181 |year=2011 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |isbn=978-0-7735-3793-4 |page=181 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412152653/https://books.google.com/books?id=VVYOgvFPvBEC&pg=PA181 |archive-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="statcangc" /> with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of [[Temporary residency in Canada|temporary residents]] as of 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=For the 1st time, Canada will set targets for temporary residents - National {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10375557/canada-temporary-resident-immigration-targets/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=globalnews.ca |language=en-US}}</ref> or about 2.5 million people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Moves to Limit Number of Temporary Residents |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/canada-moves-to-limit-number-of-temporary-residents/7538655.html |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7&nbsp;million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Campion-Smith |first=Bruce |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Canada's population grew 1.7M in 5 years, latest census shows |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/02/08/canadas-population-grew-17m-in-5-years.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208142923/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/02/08/canadas-population-grew-17m-in-5-years.html |archive-date=February 8, 2017 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |work=Toronto Star}}</ref>

Canada has one of the highest [[List of countries by net migration rate|per-capita immigration rates]] in the world,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nlSWLT8UC&pg=PA51 |page=51 |title=Canada |first=Karla |last=Zimmerman |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |year=2008 |edition=10th |isbn=978-1-74104-571-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412135044/https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nlSWLT8UC&pg=PA51 |archive-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> driven mainly by [[Economic impact of immigration to Canada|economic policy]] and, to a lesser extent, [[Immigration categories (Canada)|family reunification]].<ref name="HollifieldMartin2014">{{cite book |first1=James |last1=Hollifield |first2=Philip |last2=Martin |first3=Pia |last3=Orrenius |title=Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, Third Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ys9jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |year=2014 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-8627-0 |page=11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106124820/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ys9jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |archive-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BeaujotKerr2007j">{{cite book |first1=Roderic P. |last1=Beaujot |first2=Donald W. |last2=Kerr |title=The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CofPBh5BRhwC&pg=PA178 |year=2007 |publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press |isbn=978-1-55130-322-2 |page=178 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412182054/https://books.google.com/books?id=CofPBh5BRhwC&pg=PA178 |archive-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> In 2021, a total of 405,330 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants to Canada settle mostly in major urban areas such as [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], and [[Vancouver]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Herbert G. |last=Grubel |title=The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48LOyfxYihoC&pg=PA5 |year=2009 |publisher=Fraser Institute |isbn=978-0-88975-246-7 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412162354/https://books.google.com/books?id=48LOyfxYihoC&pg=PA5 |archive-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> Canada also accepts large numbers of [[refugee]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/releases/2010/2010-11-01a.asp |title=Government of Canada Tables 2011 Immigration Plan |publisher=Canada News Centre |access-date=December 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203235801/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/releases/2010/2010-11-01a.asp |archive-date=December 3, 2010}}</ref> accounting for over 10 percent of annual global [[third country resettlement|refugee resettlements]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Alan |last=Simmons |title=Immigration and Canada: Global and Transnational Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0YwAJ7MpswC&pg=PA92 |year=2010 |publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press |isbn=978-1-55130-362-8 |page=92 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412135840/https://books.google.com/books?id=K0YwAJ7MpswC&pg=PA92 |archive-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jason |first1=Markusoff |title=Canada now brings in more refugees than the U.S. |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/refugee-resettlement-canada/ |website=macleans.ca |publisher=Rogers Media |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Expand section|date=September 2024}}

== Population ==
[[File:Population density per province by Canada gradient map (2021).svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Population density of Canadian provinces and territories
{{legend|#034e7b|>25 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#0570b0|15–24.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#3690c0|10–14.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#74a9cf|5–9.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#a6bddb|1–4.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#d0d1e6|<1 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}]]
{{Main|Population of Canada}}

{{Chart|definition=Canada Total Population.chart|data=Canada Total Population.tab|Width=450}}

The [[2021 Canadian census]] had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.<ref name=2021cen/><ref>{{cite web |title=Environment — Greenhouse Gases (Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Person) |url=http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |publisher=Human Resources and Skills Development Canada |year=2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227221908/http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2018-06-27 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{citation |title=The World FactBook – Canada |date=2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/#people-and-society |work=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref>

=== Provinces and territories ===
{{Main|Population of Canada by province and territory}}
<!-- Table below is currently transcluded from here: 
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{{Excerpt|Population of Canada by province and territory|Population at last census|this=This table is}}

==== Population distribution ====
The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300&nbsp;km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&SR=1&S=3&O=D | title= Population data 2011 Census| author= Statistics Canada | author-link= Statistics Canada| year= 2011| access-date= 2012-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm?sdi=area | title= Land and freshwater area, by province and territory (2005) | author= Statistics Canada | author-link= Statistics Canada | year= 2005 | access-date= 2007-07-22 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070708110654/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm?sdi=area | archive-date= 2007-07-08 }}</ref><ref name="StatCan2021">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134802/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 |archive-date=2022-02-09 }}</ref>

==== Cities ====
{{main|List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population}}
{{Largest cities
| country = Canada
| stat_ref = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021 Census]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2021 and 2016 censuses|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|date=9 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-09}}</ref>
| list_by_pop = List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population
| div_name = Province
| city_1 = Toronto | div_1 = Ontario | pop_1 = 2,794,356
| city_2 = Montreal | div_2 = Quebec | pop_2 = 1,762,949
| city_3 = Calgary | div_3 = Alberta | pop_3 = 1,306,784
| city_4 = Ottawa | div_4 = Ontario | pop_4 = 1,017,449
| city_5 = Edmonton | div_5 = Alberta | pop_5 = 1,010,899
| city_6 = Winnipeg | div_6 = Manitoba| pop_6 = 749,607
| city_7 = Mississauga | div_7 = Ontario | pop_7 = 717,961
| city_8 = Vancouver | div_8 = British Columbia | pop_8 = 662,248
| city_9 = Brampton | div_9 = Ontario | pop_9 = 656,480
| city_10 = Hamilton, Ontario{{!}}Hamilton | div_10 = Ontario | pop_10 = 569,353
| city_11 = Surrey, British Columbia{{!}}Surrey | div_11 = British Columbia | pop_11 = 568,322
| city_12 = Quebec City | div_12 = Quebec | pop_12 = 549,459
| city_13 = Halifax, Nova Scotia{{!}}Halifax | div_13 = Nova Scotia | pop_13 = 439,819
| city_14 = Laval, Quebec{{!}}Laval | div_14 = Quebec | pop_14 = 438,366
| city_15 = London, Ontario{{!}}London | div_15 = Ontario | pop_15 = 422,324
| city_16 = Markham, Ontario{{!}}Markham | div_16 = Ontario | pop_16 = 338,503
| city_17 = Vaughan | div_17 = Ontario | pop_17 = 323,103
| city_18 = Gatineau | div_18 = Quebec | pop_18 = 291,041
| city_19 = Saskatoon | div_19 = Saskatchewan | pop_19 = 266,141
| city_20 = Kitchener, Ontario{{!}}Kitchener | div_20 = Ontario | pop_20 = 256,885
}}

==== Census metropolitan areas ====
{{main|List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada}}
{{Largest Metropolitan Areas of Canada}}{{Clear}}

=== Fertility rate ===
{{Chart|definition=Canada TFR.chart|data=Canada TFR.tab|Width=4990}}

The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement<ref name="publications.gc.ca">{{citation |author=Jacques Henripin |title=Trends and Factors of Fertility in Canada |date=1972 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |pages=30, 33 |location=Ottawa |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{citation |title=Fertility: Fewer children, older moms |date=July 17, 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2014002-eng.htm#a1 |website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> and since then has not rebounded.<ref name="publications.gc.ca" />

Canada's [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] hit a record low of 1.25 children born per woman in 2024, maintaining its second year in a row with 'ultra-low fertility' (<1.30).<ref name="Statistics Canada: The Daily">{{cite web |date=2024-09-25 |title=Fertility and baby names, 2024 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250924/dq250924d-eng.htm |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> In 2022, Canada also experienced the country's lowest absolute number of births in 17 years.<ref name="Statistics Canada">{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/91f0015m/91f0015m2024001-eng.htm|title=Number of births, Canada, 2005 to 2022|date=January 31, 2024|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> From 2021 to 2022, Canada's TFR decreased by −7.4%, its largest drop in 50 years.<ref name="Statistics Canada: Demographic Documents">{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230926/cg-a001-eng.htm|title=Fertility in Canada, 1921 to 2022|date=2023-09-26|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" />
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="30" |Total fertility rate
! colspan="10" |Years<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roser |first=Max |date=2014-02-19 |title=Fertility Rate |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
!1861
!1862
!1863
!1864
!1865
!1866
!1867
!1868
!1869
!1870
|-
|5.72
|5.63
|5.54
|5.44
|5.35
|5.26
|5.17
|5.07
|4.98
|4.89
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1871
!1872
!1873
!1874
!1875
!1876
!1877
!1878
!1879
!1880
|-
|4.83
|4.77
|4.75
|4.72
|4.7
|4.68
|4.65
|4.63
|4.6
|4.53
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1881
!1882
!1883
!1884
!1885
!1886
!1887
!1888
!1899
!1890
|-
|4.56
|4.52
|4.49
|4.45
|4.42
|4.38
|4.35
|4.31
|4.27
|4.24
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1891
!1892
!1893
!1894
!1895
!1896
!1897
!1898
!1899
!1900
|-
|4.2
|4.19
|4.17
|4.15
|4.13
|4.11
|4.1
|4.08
|4.06
|4.04
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1901
!1902
!1903
!1904
!1905
!1906
!1907
!1908
!1909
!1910
|-
|4.02
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.05
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1911
!1912
!1913
!1914
!1915
!1916
!1917
!1918
!1919
!1920
|-
|4.05
|4
|3.95
|3.89
|3.84
|3.79
|3.74
|3.68
|3.63
|3.58
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1921
!1922
!1923
!1924
!1925
!1926
!1927
!1928
!1929
!1930
|-
|3.53
|3.4
|3.23
|3.22
|3.13
|3.35
|3.32
|3.29
|3.22
|3.28
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1931
!1932
!1933
!1934
!1935
!1936
!1937
!1938
!1939
!1940
|-
|3.19
|3.08
|2.86
|2.8
|2.75
|2.69
|2.64
|2.7
|2.65
|2.76
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1941
!1942
!1943
!1944
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
|-
|2.82
|2.96
|3.04
|3
|3.01
|3.37
|3.59
|3.44
|3.45
|3.45
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1961
!1971
!1981
!1991
!2001
!2006
!2011
!2016
!2021
!-
|-
|3.81
|2.11
|1.65
|1.67
|1.52
|1.6
|1.63
|1.58
|1.46
| –
|}

====Total fertility rates by provinces and territories====
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"|-
|+ 2024<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2022003-eng.htm Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard]</ref>
!Province/Territory
!TFR
|-
|{{flag|Nunavut}}||2.34
|-
|{{flag|Saskatchewan}}||1.58
|-
|{{flag|Manitoba}}||1.50
|-
|{{flag|Alberta}}||1.41
|-
|{{flag|Northwest Territories}}||1.39
|-
|{{flag|Quebec}}||1.34
|-
|{{flag|New Brunswick}}||1.26
|-
|'''{{flag|Canada}}'''||'''1.25'''
|-
|{{flag|Ontario}}||1.21
|-
|{{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}}||1.12
|-
|{{flag|Prince Edward Island}}||1.10
|-
|{{flag|Nova Scotia}}||1.08
|-
|{{flag|Yukon}}||1.08
|-
|{{flag|British Columbia}}||1.02
|}

==== Mother's mean age at first birth ====
Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.<ref name="statcangc">{{cite web|url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/960-fewer-babies-born-canadas-fertility-rate-hits-record-low-2020|title=Fewer babies born as Canada's fertility rate hits a record low in 2020|date=May 16, 2022|website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="27" |Average age of childbirth at first birth<ref name=":1" />
! colspan="11" |Year
|-
|-
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
!1951
!1952
!1953
!1954
!1955
|-
|25.2
|25.1
|24.9
|24.7
|24.6
|24.5
|24.3
|24.2
|24.2
|24.1
|24.1
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1956
!1957
!1958
!1959
!1960
!1961
!1962
!1963
!1964
!1965
!1966
|-
|24
|23.9
|23.8
|23.7
|23.7
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.5
|23.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1967
!1968
!1969
!1970
!1971
!1972
!1973
!1974
!1975
!1976
!1977
|-
|23.6
|23.6
|23.7
|23.7
|23.9
|24
|24.1
|24.3
|24.3
|24.4
|24.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1978
!1979
!1980
!1981
!1982
!1983
!1984
!1985
!1986
!1987
!1988
|-
|24.7
|24.8
|24.9
|25
|25.1
|25.3
|25.4
|25.5
|25.6
|25.7
|25.8
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1989
!1990
!1991
!1992
!1993
!1994
!1995
!1996
!1997
!1998
!1999
|-
|25.8
|25.9
|25.9
|26.1
|26.3
|26.2
|26.3
|26.5
|26.7
|26.8
|27
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
|-
|27.1
|27.3
|27.5
|27.8
|27.9
|28
|28
|28.1
|28.1
|28.2
|28.4
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2011
| colspan="10" rowspan="3" |
|-
|28.5
|-
|
|}

=== Historical population ===
{{Historical populations
|title=Historical population (since Confederation)
|align=centre
|[[1871 Canadian census|1871]]|3689257
|[[1881 Canadian census|1881]]|4324810
|[[1891 Canadian census|1891]]|4833239
|[[1901 Canadian census|1901]]|5371315
|[[1911 Canadian census|1911]]|7206643
|[[1921 Canadian census|1921]]|8787949
|[[1931 Canadian census|1931]]|10374196
|[[1941 Canadian census|1941]]|11506655
|[[1951 Canadian census|1951]]|14009429
|[[1956 Canadian census|1956]]|16080791
|[[1961 Canadian census|1961]]|18238247
|[[1971 Canadian census|1971]]|21568311
|[[1976 Canadian census|1976]]|22992604
|[[1981 Canadian census|1981]]|24343181
|[[1986 Canadian census|1986]]|25309331
|[[1991 Canadian census|1991]]|27296859
|[[1996 Canadian census|1996]]|28846761
|[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]|30007094
|[[2006 Canadian census|2006]]|31612897
|[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]|33476688
|[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]|35151728
|[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]|36991981
}}{{Clear}}

=== Population projection ===
[[File:Can Provinces by Population Growth Rate.svg|left|thumb|Map of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian provinces and territories]] by population growth rate (2016–2021).{{legend|#f1ff69|< 4.0%}}{{legend|#dcc700| 4.0%–7.0%}}{{legend|#c29c00| 7.0%–10.0%}}{{legend|#a08100|> 10.0%}}{{legend|#ff8080ff|population decline}}]]
According to [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)/[[World Bank]], the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6&nbsp;million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the [[United States]] and 31.2% growth in [[Mexico]]. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the [[world population]] growth was 27%, a total of 1,423&nbsp;million people.<ref name="IEApop2011">[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 {{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925100340/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> However, over the same period, the population of [[Demographics of France#Vital statistics|France]] grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the [[Demographics of the United Kingdom#Population change over time|UK]] increased by 10.0%.

The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.<ref name="cia.gov" />
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Population projections – High-growth scenario (Statistics Canada)
|align=centre
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-520-x/2010001/t303-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-520-x/2010001/t303-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Population Projections for Canada – Components of population growth, high-growth scenario – 2009/2010 to 2060/2061|publisher=Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 91-520|date=2006|access-date=September 8, 2013}}</ref>
|2021|39110000
|2031|44430000
|2041|49900000
|2051|56070000
|2061|63000000
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Canada population<br />projection, 2010 est.<br />([[United States Census Bureau|US Census Bureau]])
|align=centre
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php |title=International Programs – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=2012-01-22}}</ref>
|2020|36387000
|2030|38565000
|2040|40070000
|2050|41136000
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Immigration projections<br />projection, 2020 est.
|align=centre
|footnote=
|2020|341,000
|2021|401,000<ref name="cicnews1">{{cite web| url = https://www.cicnews.com/2020/10/canada-to-release-2021-2023-immigration-levels-plan-1016133.html#gs.od5qvg| title = Canada to target over 400,000 immigrants per year {{!}} Canada Immigration News| date = 30 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="immigration1">{{cite web| url = https://www.immigration.ca/canada-to-dramatically-increase-immigration-to-more-than-400000-per-year| title = Canada To Dramatically Increase Immigration to More Than 400,000 Per Year – Canada Immigration and Visa Information. Canadian Immigration Services and Free Online Evaluation.| date = 30 October 2020}}</ref>
|2022|411,000<ref name="cicnews1"/><ref name="immigration1"/>
|2023|421,000<ref name="cicnews1"/><ref name="immigration1"/>
}}
</div>

=== Life expectancy ===
Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation. 
[[File:Life-expectancy, 1831 to 2023, CAN.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Canada since 1831]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Canada -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender]]

{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
! rowspan="19" |Life expectancy
! colspan="10" |Year<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Life expectancy |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810 |access-date=2018-08-28 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1831
|1841
|1851
|1861
|1871
|1881
|1891
|1901
| colspan="2" |1911
|-
|39.0
|40.3
|41.0
|41.6
|42.6
|44.7
|45.2
|48.6
| colspan="2" |52.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1921
|1922
|1923
|1924
|1925
|1926
|1927
|1928
| colspan="2" |1929
|-
|57.0
|57.0
|56.9
|58.8
|59.2
|57.2
|58.6
|58.4
| colspan="2" |57.9
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1930
|1931
|1932
|1933
|1934
|1935
|1936
|1937
|1938
|1939
|-
|58.9
|60.3
|61.4
|62.3
|62.7
|62.4
|62.7
|61.3
|63.3
|63.7
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|1940
|1941
|1942
|1943
|1944
|1945
|1946
|1947
|1948
|1949
|-
|64.0
|63.7
|64.6
|64.6
|65.3
|66.3
|66.5
|66.7
|67.3
|67.6
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|1950
|1950–55
|1955–60
|1960–65
|1965–70
|1970–75
|1975–80
|1980–85
| colspan="2" |1985–90
|-
|68.2
|69.1
|70.3
|71.3
|72.2
|73.0
|74.3
|75.9
|76.8
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1990–95
|1995–2000
|2000–2005
|2005–2010
|2010–2015
|2015–2020
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|-
|77.8
|78.6
|79.7
|80.8
|81.8
|83.7
|}
'''School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)'''
:total: 16 years
:male: 16 years
:female: 17 years (2016)
'''Infant mortality rate'''
:total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th
:male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births
:female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
[[File:Population pyramid of Canada overtime from 1950 to 2020.gif|thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020]]

=== Age characteristics ===
{{Main|Aging in Canada}}
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.):<ref>{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2021/ | title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics }}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 17 264 200
| align="right" | 17 887 530 
| align="right" | 35 151 730
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 973 030
| align="right" | 925 760
| align="right" | 1 898 790
| align="right" | 5.40
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 1 034 685 
| align="right" | 983 445
| align="right" | 2 018 130
| align="right" | 5.74
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 985 200
| align="right" | 937 445
| align="right" | 1 922 645
| align="right" | 5.47
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 1 039 215
| align="right" | 986 940 
| align="right" | 2 026 160
| align="right" | 5.76
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 1 144 495
| align="right" | 1 098 200
| align="right" | 2 242 695 
| align="right" | 6.38
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 1 144 475
| align="right" | 1 141 515
| align="right" | 2 285 990
| align="right" | 6.50
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 1 148 290
| align="right" | 1 181 105
| align="right" | 2 329 400
| align="right" | 6.63
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 1 118 635
| align="right" | 1 169 730
| align="right" | 2 288 365
| align="right" | 6.51
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 1 104 445
| align="right" | 1 150 690
| align="right" | 2 255 135
| align="right" | 6.42
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 1 157 755
| align="right" | 1 202 205
| align="right" | 2 359 965
| align="right" | 6.71
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 1 318 755
| align="right" | 1 359 320
| align="right" | 2 678 070
| align="right" | 7.62
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 285 190
| align="right" | 1 335 050
| align="right" | 2 620 240
| align="right" | 7.45
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 114 880
| align="right" | 1 175 630
| align="right" | 2 290 510
| align="right" | 6.52
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 953 070
| align="right" | 1 019 405 
| align="right" | 1 972 475
| align="right" | 5.61
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 677 975
| align="right" | 742 900
| align="right" | 1 420 875
| align="right" | 4.04
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 469 550
| align="right" | 552 305
| align="right" | 1 021 850
| align="right" | 2.91
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 325 760
| align="right" | 423 885
| align="right" | 749 645
| align="right" | 2.13
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 185 535
| align="right" | 296 985
| align="right" | 482 525
| align="right" | 1.37
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 68 675 
| align="right" | 154 835
| align="right" | 223 505
| align="right" | 0.64
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 13 245
| align="right" | 43 280
| align="right" | 56 525 
| align="right" | 0.16
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1 340
| align="right" | 6 895
| align="right" | 8 230
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 2 992 915
| align="right" | 2 846 650
| align="right" | 5 839 565
| align="right" | 16.61
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 11 576 135
| align="right" | 11 800 390
| align="right" | 23 376 525
| align="right" | 66.50
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 695 150
| align="right" | 3 240 490
| align="right" | 5 935 640
| align="right" | 16.89
|-
|}

'''Age structure<ref name="cia.gov" />'''
:0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953)
:15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064)
:25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737)
:55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)
:65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)
'''Median age'''
:total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: [[List of countries by median age|40th]]
:male: 40.6 years
:female: 42.9 years (2020 est.)
:'''Median age in 2011'''
:total: 40.6 years
:male: 39.6 years
:female: 41.5 years (2011)
:
:'''Median age by province and territory in 2011<ref>{{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |author-link=Statistics Canada |year=2011 |title=Population by broad age groups and sex, including median age, 1921 to 2011 for both sex (2011 Census) |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/as-sa/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&PRCode=13&Asc=0&OrderBy=1&Sex=1&View=1&tableID=22 |access-date=2012-05-29}}</ref>'''
:# [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]: 44.0
:# [[Nova Scotia]]: 43.7
:# [[New Brunswick]]: 43.7
:# [[Prince Edward Island]]: 42.8
:# [[Quebec]]: 41.9
:# [[British Columbia]]: 41.9
:# [[Ontario]]: 40.4
:# [[Yukon]]: 39.1
:# [[Manitoba]]: 38.4
:# [[Saskatchewan]]: 38.2
:# [[Alberta]]: 36.5
:# [[Northwest Territories]]: 32.3
:# [[Nunavut]]: 24.1

=== Sex ratio ===
'''at birth:''' 1.05 male(s)/female

'''0–14 years:''' 1.06 male(s)/female

'''15–24 years:''' 1.06 male(s)/female

'''25–54 years:''' 1.01 male(s)/female

'''55–64 years:''' 0.98 male(s)/female

'''65 years and over:''' 0.75 male(s)/female

'''total population:''' 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

[[Dependency ratio]]s
:total dependency ratio: 47.3
:youth dependency ratio: 23.5
:elderly dependency ratio: 23.8
:[[potential support ratio]]: 4.2 (2015 est.)

== Vital statistics ==
Source: <ref>B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=February 1, 1995 |title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/start |website=www.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000501&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.1&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=1971&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2023&referencePeriods=19710101%2C20230101 Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 august 2024 ]</ref>

Notable events in Canadian demographics:

* 1947-1966 – [[Mid-20th century baby boom]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"|-
!
! style="width:70pt;" | Average population (on July 1)
! style="width:70pt;" | Live births
! style="width:70pt;" | Deaths
! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change
! style="width:70pt;" | Birth rate (per 1,000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Death rate (per 1,000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change (per 1,000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Crude Migration change (per 1,000)
! style="width:70pt;" | [[Total fertility rate]]{{efn| name=fertility|1=In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. }}<ref name="publications.gc.ca" /><ref name="cia.gov" />
|-
| 1900
|5,500,000
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" |150,000
|89,000||61,000
|27.2|| style="color:red;" |16.2||11.0|| ||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1901
|5,600,000
|175,000||79,000||96,000
|31.2||14.1||17.1||0.8||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1902
|5,760,000
|180,000
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |77,000
|103,000
|31.3||13.4||17.9||9.9||style="color:blue;" |4.8
|-
| 1903
|5,930,000
|186,000||78,000||108,000
|31.3||13.2||18.1||10.6||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1904
|6,100,000
|192,000||82,000||110,000
|31.4||13.5||17.9||10.0||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1905
|6,280,000
|195,000||82,000||113,000
|31.0||13.0||18.0||10.7||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1906
|6,460,000
|193,000||85,000||108,000
|29.9||13.2||16.7||11.2||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1907
|6,650,000
|196,000||85,000||111,000
|29.5||12.8||16.7||11.9||style="color:blue;" |4.74
|-
| 1908
|6,850,000
|208,000||86,000||122,000
|30.3||12.6||17.7||11.5||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1909
|7,040,000
|213,000||90,000||123,000
|30.2||12.8||17.4||9.6||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1910
|7,250,000
|220,000||95,000||125,000
|30.4||13.1||17.3||11.7||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1911
|7,460,000
|225,000||100,000||125,000
|30.1||13.4||16.7||11.5||style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.7
|-
| 1912
|7,610,000
|238,000||99,000||139,000
|31.3||13.0||19.3||0.4||style="color:blue;" |4.62
|-
| 1913
|7,760,000
|246,000||102,000||144,000
|31.7||13.1||19.6||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1914
|7,910,000
|252,000||100,000||152,000
| style="color:blue;" |31.9||12.6||19.3||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1915
|8,060,000
|257,000||101,000||156,000
|31.9||12.5||19.4||−0.8||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1916
|8,220,000
|252,000||107,000||145,000
|30.7||13.0||17.7||1.8||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1917
|8,380,000
|244,000||106,000||138,000
|29.1||12.7||16.4||2.7||style="color:blue;" |4.26
|-
| 1918
|8,450,000
|243,000||134,000||109,000
|28.8||15.9||12.9||−4.6|| style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1919
|8,710,000
|241,000||119,000||122,000
|27.7||13.7||14.0||15.9|| style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1920
|8,880,000
|259,000||118,000||141,000
|29.2||13.3||15.9|| 3.2||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1921
|9,060,000
|265,000||105,000||160,000
|29.3||11.6||17.7|| 2.2|| style="color:blue;" |3.98
|-
| 1922
|9,230,000
|261,000||107,000||154,000
|28.3||11.6||16.7|| 1.7||style="color:blue;" |3.86
|-
| 1923
|9,400,000
|251,000||111,000||140,000
|26.7||11.8||14.9|| 3.2||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1924
|9,560,000
|255,000||104,000||151,000
|26.7||10.9||15.8|| 0.9||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1925
|9,730,000
|254,000||104,000||150,000
|26.1||10.7||15.4|| 2.1||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1926
|9,890,000
|244,000||113,000||131,000
|24.7||11.4||13.3|| 2.9||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1927
|10,040,000
|244,000||110,000||134,000
|24.3||11.0||13.3|| 1.6||style="color:blue;" |3.32
|-
| 1928
|10,190,000
|246,000||114,000||132,000
|24.1||11.2||12.9|| 1.8||style="color:blue;" |
|-
| 1929
|10,350,000
|243,000||118,000||125,000
|23.5||11.4||12.1|| 3.4||style="color:blue;" |3.22
|-
| 1930
|10,498,000
|251,000||113,000||138,000
|23.9||10.8||13.1|| 1.0||style="color:blue;" |3.28
|-
| 1931
|10,630,000
|247,000||108,000||139,000
|23.2||10.2||13.0||−0.6||style="color:blue;" |3.2
|-
| 1932
|10,794,000
|243,000||108,000||135,000
|22.5||10.0||12.5|| 2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.08
|-
| 1933
|10,919,000
|229,000||106,000||123,000
|21.0||9.7||11.3|| 0.1||style="color:blue;" |2.86
|-
| 1934
|11,029,000
|228,296||105,277||123,019
|20.7||9.5||11.2||−1.2||style="color:blue;" |2.8
|-
| 1935
|11,135,000
|228,396||109,724||118,672
|20.5||9.9||10.6||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.76
|-
| 1936
|11,242,000
|227,980||111,111||116,869
|20.3||9.9||10.4||−0.9||style="color:blue;" |2.70
|-
| 1937
|11,339,000
|227,878||118,019||109,859
|20.1||10.4||9.7||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.65
|-
| 1938
|11,448,000
|237,091||110,647||126,444
|20.7||9.7||11.0||−1.5||style="color:blue;" |2.70
|-
| 1939
|11,565,000
|237,991||112,729||125,262
|20.6||9.7||10.9||−0.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.65
|-
| 1940
|11,682,000
|252,577||114,717||137,860
|21.6||9.8||11.8||−1.8||style="color:blue;" |2.77
|-
| 1941
|11,810,000
|263,993||118,797||145,196
|22.4||10.1||12.3||−1.5|| style="color:blue;" |2.83
|-
| 1942
|11,962,000
|281,569||117,110||164,459
|23.5||9.8||13.7||−1.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.96
|-
| 1943
|12,125,000
|292,943||122,640||170,303
|24.2||10.1||14.1||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.04
|-
| 1944
|12,291,000
|283,967||120,393||163,574
|24.0||9.8||14.2||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.01
|-
| 1945
|12,441,000
|300,570||117,319||183,251
|24.3||9.5||14.8||−2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.02
|-
| 1946
|12,316,000
|331,471||115,358||216,113
|26.9||9.4||17.5|| style="color:red;"|−27.6||style="color:blue;" |3.37
|-
| 1947
|12,576,000
|359,943||118,157||241,786
|28.6||9.4||19.2|| 1.5||style="color:blue;" |3.60
|-
| 1948
|12,852,000
|348,226||119,866||228,360
|27.1||9.3||17.8|| 3.7||style="color:blue;" |3.44
|-
| 1949
|13,475,000
|367,092||124,567||242,525
|27.2||9.2||18.0||28.2||style="color:blue;" |3.46
|-
| 1950
|13,737,000
|372,009||124,220||247,789
|27.1||9.0||18.0|| 1.1||style=" color:blue;" |3.46
|-
| 1951
|14,050,000
|381,092||125,823||255,269
|27.1||9.0||18.2|| 4.1|| style="color:blue;" |3.50
|-
| 1952
|14,496,000
|403,559||126,385||277,174
|27.8||8.7||19.1|| 11.7||style="color:blue;" |3.64
|-
| 1953
|14,886,000
|417,884||127,791||290,093
|28.1||8.6||19.5|| 6.7||style="color:blue;" |3.72
|-
| 1954
|15,330,000
|436,198||124,855||311,343
|28.5||8.1||style="color:blue;"|20.3||8.7|| style="color:blue;" |3.83
|-
| 1955
|15,736,000
|442,937||128,476||314,461
|28.1||8.2||20.0|| 5.8||style="color:blue;" |3.83
|-
| 1956
|16,123,000
|450,739||131,961||318,778
|28.0||8.2||19.8||4.2|| style="color:blue;" |3.86
|-
| 1957
|16,677,000
|469,093||136,579||332,514
|28.1||8.2||19.9|| 13.3||style="color:blue;" |3.93
|-
| 1958
|17,120,000
|470,118||135,201||334,917
|27.5||7.9||19.6|| 6.3||style="color:blue;" |3.88
|-
| 1959
|17,522,000
| style="color:blue;" |479,275
|139,913||style="color:blue;" |339,362
|27.4||8.0||19.4|| 3.5||style="color:blue;" |3.94
|-
| 1960
|17,909,000
|478,551||139,693||338,858
|26.7||7.8||18.9|| 2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.895
|-
| 1961
|18,271,000
|475,700||140,985||334,715
|26.0||7.7||18.3|| 1.5||style="color:blue;" |3.840
|-
| 1962
|18,614,000
|469,693||143,699||325,994
|25.2||7.7||17.5|| 0.9||style="color:blue;" |3.767
|-
| 1963
|18,964,000
|465,767||147,367||318,400
|24.6||7.8||16.8|| 1.7||style="color:blue;" |3.694
|-
| 1964
|19,325,000
|452,915||145,850||307,065
|23.4||7.5||15.9|| 2.8||style="color:blue;" |3.449
|-
| 1965
|19,678,000
|418,595||148,939||269,656
|21.3||7.6||13.7|| 4.2||style="color:blue;" |3.192
|-
| 1966
|20,048,000
|387,710||149,863||237,847
|19.3||7.5||11.9|| 6.6||style="color:blue;" |2.749
|-
| 1967
|20,412,000
|370,894||150,283||220,611
|18.2||7.4||10.8|| 7.0||style="color:blue;" |2.528
|-
| 1968
|20,729,000
|364,310||153,196||211,114
|17.6||7.4||10.2|| 5.1||style="color:blue;" |2.386
|-
| 1969
|21,028,000
|369,647||154,477||215,170
|17.6||7.3||10.2||4.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.334
|-
| 1970
|21,324,000
|371,988||155,961||216,027
|17.4||7.3||10.1||3.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.258
|-
| 1971
|21,962,032
|362,187||157,272||204,915
|16.5||7.2||9.3||19.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.141
|-
| 1972
|22,218,463
|347,319||162,413||184,906
|15.6||7.3||8.3||3.2||1.98
|-
| 1973
|22,491,777
|343,373||164,039||179,334
|15.3||7.3||8.0||4.2||1.89
|-
| 1974
|22,807,969
|350,650||166,794||183,856
|15.4||7.3||8.1||5.8||1.837
|-
| 1975
|23,143,275
|359,323||167,176||192,147
|15.5||7.2||8.3||6.2||1.824
|-
| 1976
|23,449,808
|359,987||167,009||192,978
|15.4||7.1||8.2||4.9||1.796
|-
| 1977
|23,725,843
|361,400||167,498||193,902
|15.2||7.1||8.2||3.4||1.782
|-
| 1978
|23,963,203
|358,852||168,179||190,673
|15.0
|7.0||8.0||1.9||1.768
|-
| 1979
|24,201,544
|366,064||168,183||197,881
|15.1|| style="color:blue;" |6.9||8.2||1.6||1.754
|-
| 1980
|24,515,667
|370,709||171,473||199,236
|15.1||7.0||8.1||4.7||1.74
|-
| 1981
|24,819,915
|371,346||171,029||200,317
|15.0||6.9||8.1||4.2||1.7
|-
| 1982
|25,116,942
|373,082||174,413||198,669
|14.9||6.9||7.9||3.9||1.69
|-
| 1983
|25,366,451
|373,689||174,484||199,205
|14.7||6.9||7.9||1.9||1.68
|-
| 1984
|25,607,053
|377,031||175,727||201,304
|14.7||6.9||7.9||1.5||1.65
|-
| 1985
|25,842,116
|375,727||181,323||194,404
|14.5||7.0||7.5||1.6||1.67
|-
| 1986
|26,100,278
|372,913||184,224||188,689
|14.3||7.1||7.2||2.7||1.675
|-
| 1987
|26,446,601
|369,742||184,953||184,789
|14.0||7.0||7.0||6.1||1.68
|-
| 1988
|26,791,747
|376,795||190,011||186,784
|14.1||7.1||7.0||5.9||1.68
|-
| 1989
|27,276,781
|392,661||190,965||201,696
|14.4||7.0||7.4||10.4||1.77
|-
| 1990
|27,691,138
|405,486||191,973||213,513
|14.6||6.9||7.7||7.3||1.83
|-
| 1991
|28,037,420
|403,816||195,569||208,247
|14.4||7.0||7.4||5.0||1.72
|-
| 1992
|28,371,264
|399,109||196,535||202,574
|14.1||6.9||7.1||4.7||1.71
|-
| 1993
|28,684,764
|389,037||204,912||184,125
|13.5||7.1||6.4||4.5||1.68
|-
| 1994
|29,000,663
|386,243||207,077||179,166
|13.3||7.1||6.1||4.8||1.69
|-
| 1995
|29,302,311
|378,685||210,733||167,952
|12.9||7.2||5.7||4.6||1.67
|-
| 1996
|29,610,218
|366,833||212,880||153,953
|12.4||7.2||5.2||5.2||1.63
|-
| 1997
|29,905,948
|349,543||215,669||133,874
|11.7||7.2||4.4||5.5||1.57
|-
| 1998
|30,155,173
|342,966||218,091||124,875
|11.4||7.2||4.1||4.2||1.56
|-
| 1999
|30,401,286
|337,821||219,530||118,291
|11.1||7.2||3.9||4.2||1.54
|-
| 2000
|30,685,730
|328,596||218,062||110,534
|10.7||7.1||3.6||5.7||1.51
|-
| 2001
|31,020,902
|334,615||219,538||115,077
|10.8||7.1||3.7||7.1||1.54
|-
| 2002
|31,360,079
|329,894||223,603||106,291
|10.5||7.1||3.4||7.4||1.51
|-
| 2003
|31,644,028
|336,352||226,169||110,183
|10.6||7.1||3.4||5.6||1.54
|-
| 2004
|31,940,655
|339,012||226,584||112,428
|10.6||7.1||3.5||5.8||1.55
|-
| 2005
|32,243,753
|345,365||230,132||115,233
|10.6||7.1||3.5||5.9||1.57
|-
| 2006
|32,571,174
|357,921||228,079||129,842
|10.9||7.0||3.9||6.2||1.61
|-
| 2007
|32,888,886
|370,369||235,217||135,152
|11.2||7.2||4.0||5.7||1.66
|-
| 2008
|33,247,298
|381,860||238,617||143,243
|11.4||7.2||4.2||6.6||1.69
|-
| 2009
|33,630,069
|384,651||238,418||146,233
|11.3||7.1||4.2||7.2||1.68
|-
| 2010
|34,005,905
|379,191||240,075||139,116
|11.1||7.1||4.0||7.1||1.64
|-
| 2011
|34,339,221

|379,244||243,511||135,733
|11.0||7.1||3.9||5.9||1.62
|-
| 2012
|34,713,395
|383,101||246,596||136,505
|11.0||7.1||3.9||7.0||1.62
|-
| 2013
|35,080,992
|381,054||252,338||128,716
|10.8||7.2||3.6||7.0|| 1.60
|-
|2014
|35,434,066
|384,577||258,821||125,756
|10.8||7.3||3.5||6.5||1.61
|-
|2015
|35,704,498
|382,979||264,333||118,646
|10.7||7.4||3.3||4.1||1.60
|-
|2016
|36,110,803
|384,023||267,213||116,810
|10.6||7.4||3.2||8.1||1.59
|-
|2017
|36,545,075
|377,627||278,298||99,329
|10.3||7.6||2.7||9.2||1.54
|-
|2018
|37,072,620
|374,617||285,675||88,942
|10.1||7.7||2.4||12.0||1.50
|-
|2019
|37,618,495
|372,978||285,270||87,708
|9.9||7.6||2.3|| 12.4||1.47
|-
|2020
|38,028,638
|361,582||307,205||54,377
|9.4||8.1||1.3||9.4|| 1.41
|-
|2021
|38,239,864
|372,564||311,942||60,622
|9.5||8.0||1.5||4.2||1.44
|-
|2022
|38,950,132
|355,134||326,483||28,651
| 9.1||8.4|| 0.6||17.6|| 1.33
|-
|2023
|40,049,088
|352,644||337,708||style="color:red;"  |14,936
| style="color:red;" | 8.8||8.4||  style="color:red;" |0.4|| style="color:blue"|29.0 || style="color:red;" | 1.27
|-
|2024
|style="color:blue;"|40,990,297
|365,737||style="color:red;"  |345,829||18,757
| 8.9||8.4|| 0.5|| 28.4 || style="color:red;" | 1.27
|}

{{Chart|definition=Canada Population Growth Rate.chart|data=Canada Population Growth Rate.tab|Width=4990}}
=== Current vital statistics ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
! January–June 2024
| 179,879
| 165,538
| +14,341
|-
! January–June 2025
| 183,065
| 168,678
| +14,387
|-
! Difference
| {{increase}} +3,186 (+1.8%)
| {{increasenegative}} +3,140 (+1.9%)
| {{steady}} +46
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710005901 |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Statistics Canada| date=3 March 2025 }}</ref>{{sticky header}} 
|}


Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in the future. For example, as of September 25, 2024, The numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024.

== Employment ==
{{Bar box|bars={{bar percent|15-24|red|14.2}}
{{bar percent|25-54|blue|5.8}}
{{bar percent|55+|purple|4.5}}
{{bar percent|Total (15+)|gray|6.9}}|title=Canadian Unemployment Rates, June 2025|float=right|right2=Unemployment Rate|left1=Age}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Unemployment Rates, June 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2025 |title=Labour Force Survey, June 2025 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250711/dq250711a-eng.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711134248/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250711/dq250711a-eng.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2025 |access-date=July 11, 2025 |website=Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, June 2025 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
!Age Group
!Percent Unemployed
|-
|Youth (15–24)
|14.2%
|-
|Core-age (25–54)
|5.8%
|-
|55+
|5.4%
|-
|Total (15+)
|6.9%
|}

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 (2020 est.)
:total: 20.2%
:male: 20.9%
:female: 19.4% 

== Ethnicity and visible minorities ==
{{main| Ethnic origins of people in Canada}}

=== Canadians as ethnic group by province ===
All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by [[Canadian nationality law|Canada's nationality laws]]. [[Canadian ethnicity|"Canadian" as an ethnic group]] has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire.<ref name="SimonPiché2013c">{{cite book |first1=Patrick |last1=Simon |first2=Victor |last2=Piché |title=Accounting for Ethnic and Racial Diversity: The Challenge of Enumeration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6t7p-xxFhnwC&pg=PT48 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-98108-4 |pages=48–49}}</ref> The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer  self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage, intermarriage with variety of ethnic groups, and loss of ancestral language.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last1=Bezanson |first1=Kate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWO_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Rethinking Society in the 21st Century |last2=Webber |first2=Michelle |publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-55130-936-1 |edition=4th |pages=455–456}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last1=Edmonston |first1=Barry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVYOgvFPvBEC&pg=PA294 |title=The Changing Canadian Population |last2=Fong |first2=Eric |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7735-3793-4 |pages=294–296}}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|-
! Province / Territory !! Percent Canadians 
!Total Canadians 
|-
| Alberta ||22.7%
|902,310
|-
| British Columbia ||19.0%
|866,530
|-
| Manitoba ||18.2%
|232,660
|-
| New Brunswick ||57.8%
|415,810
|-
| Newfoundland and Labrador ||43.4%
|271,345
|-
| Nova Scotia ||42.6%
|387,360
|-
| Ontario ||23.5%
|3,109,770
|-
| Prince Edward Island  ||45.0%
|60,000
|-
| Quebec ||60.1%
|4,474,115
|-
| Saskatchewan ||25.0%
|274,580
|-
! Canada total ||  32.3% || 11,136,134
|}

===Ethnic origin===
{{Main|Ethnic origins of people in Canada}}
[[File:Canada demographics over time.gif|thumb|300px|upright=1.3|Canada visible minority, aboriginal and Caucasian (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time]]
[[File:Visible minorities over time in Canada including projections.svg|upright=1.3|thumb|Visible minorities over time including projections]]
[[File:Largest Pan-Ethnic Group In Canada (2021 Census).jpg|thumb|Population distribution of largest pan-ethnic group in Canada by census division, 2021 Census]]
[[File:Visible minorities population pyramid 2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016]]
According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], over 450 "[[Ethnic origins of people in Canada|ethnic or cultural origins]]" were self-reported by Canadians.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/> The major [[Panethnicity|panethnic]]  groups chosen were; [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]] ({{Percentage | 19062115 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[North America]]n ({{Percentage | 8329945 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Ethnic groups in Asia|Asian]] ({{Percentage | 7013835 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|North American Indigenous]] ({{Percentage | 2204475 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|African]] ({{Percentage | 1394170 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Latin America|Latin, Central and South American]] ({{Percentage | 900495 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Caribbean people|Caribbean]] ({{Percentage | 774515 | 36328475 | 1 }}), [[Oceanian people|Oceanian]] ({{Percentage | 105010 | 36328475 | 1 }}), and Other ({{Percentage | 2163380 | 36328475 | 1 }}).<ref name="2021newsrelease">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="ethnicpopulation2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/>{{efn| name=ethnic|1=The 2021 census on ethnic or cultural origins, Statistics Canada states: "Given the fluid nature of this concept and the changes made to this question, 2021 Census data on ethnic or cultural origins are not comparable to data from previous censuses and should not be used to measure the growth or decline of the various groups associated with these origins".<ref name="2021newsrelease"/>}}

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were [[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]{{efn|name=Canadian|1=All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by [[Canadian nationality law|Canada's nationality laws]]. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire.<ref name="SimonPiché2013c"/> "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage."<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Our 'Cense' of Self: the 2006 Census saw 1.6 million 'Canadian'|url=http://www.acs-aec.ca/pdf/polls/12154527016855.pdf|author=Jack Jedwab|publisher=Association for Canadian Studies|date=April 2008|access-date=March 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002032711/http://www.acs-aec.ca/pdf/polls/12154527016855.pdf|archive-date=October 2, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Don Kerr|title=The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CofPBh5BRhwC&pg=PA313|year=2007|publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press|isbn=978-1-55130-322-2|pages=313–317}}</ref>}} (accounting for 15.6&nbsp;percent of the population), followed by [[English Canadians|English]] (14.7&nbsp;percent), [[Irish Canadians|Irish]] (12.1&nbsp;percent), [[Scottish Canadians|Scottish]] (12.1&nbsp;percent), [[French Canadians|French]] (11.0&nbsp;percent), [[German Canadians|German]] (8.1&nbsp;percent), [[Indo-Canadians|Indian]] (5.1&nbsp;percent),{{efn|name=Indo-Canadian| Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Anglo-Indian" (3,340), "Bengali" (26,675), "Goan" (9,700), "Gujarati" (36,970), "Indian" (1,347,715), "Jatt" (22,785), "Kashmiri" (6,165), "Maharashtrian" (4,125), "Malayali" (12,490), "Punjabi" (279,950), "Tamil" (102,170), and "Telugu" (6,670)".<ref name="ethnicpopulationordered2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total – Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households – 25% sample data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>}}
[[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] (4.7&nbsp;percent), [[Italian Canadians|Italian]] (4.3&nbsp;percent), and [[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian]] (3.5&nbsp;percent).<ref name="ethnicpopulationordered2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total – Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households – 25% sample data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "[[White people|White]]", representing 69.8&nbsp;percent of the population.<ref name="2021newsreleaseB"/><ref name="Statistics Canada 2022"/><ref name="2021censusA"/> The Indigenous population representing 5&nbsp;percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4&nbsp;percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3&nbsp;percent from 2016 to 2021.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022a">{{cite web | title=The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-09-21 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220921/dq220921a-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>  One out of every four Canadians or 26.5&nbsp;percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous [[visible minority]],<ref name="2021censusA"/>{{efn|Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-White in colour".<ref>{{cite web |date=July 25, 2008 |title=Classification of visible minority |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714060402/https://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/minority01-minorite01a-eng.htm |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=September 18, 2009}}</ref>}} the largest of which in 2021 were [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] (2.6 million people; 7.1&nbsp;percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7&nbsp;percent) and [[Black Canadians|Black]] (1.5 million; 4.3&nbsp;percent).<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022">{{cite web | title=The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity | website=Statistics Canada | date=2022-10-26 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm | access-date=2022-10-29}}</ref>

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada| author=Statistics Canada| date= 2023 | type=table | title=Ethnic or cultural origin |series= Census Profile | work= 2021 Census of Population | id= Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001|place=Ottawa}}</ref>

{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|-
! scope="col" | [[Ethnic origins of people in Canada|Ethnic origin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&Geo=01&SO=4D|title=Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables|date=25 October 2017|publisher=statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! %
! scope="col" | [[Population of Canada|Population]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]{{efn| name=Canadian}}
| 15.6%
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,677,205	
|-
! scope="row" | [[English Canadian|English]]
| 14.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,322,830	
|-
! scope="row" | [[Irish Canadian|Irish]]
| 12.1%
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,413,120
|-
! scope="row" | [[Scottish Canadian|Scottish]]
| 12.1%
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,392,200	
|-
! scope="row" | [[French Canadian|French]]
| 11.0%
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,985,945
|-
! scope="row" | [[Canadians of German ethnicity|German]]
| 8.1%
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,955,695	
|-
! scope="row" | [[Indo-Canadians|Indian]]{{efn| name=Indo-Canadian}}
| 5.1%
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,855,415
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chinese Canadian|Chinese]]
| 4.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,713,870
|-
! scope="row" | [[Italian Canadians|Italian]]
| 4.3%
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,546,390	
|-
! scope="row" | [[Ukrainian Canadian|Ukrainian]]
| 3.5%
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,258,635
|-
! scope="row" | [[Canadians of Dutch descent|Dutch]]
| 2.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 988,585
|-
! scope="row" | [[Polish Canadians|Polish]]
| 2.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 982,820
|-
! scope="row" | [[Québécois people|Québécois]]
| 2.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 981,635
|-
! scope="row" | [[British Canadians|British Isles, n.o.s.]]
| 2.6%
| style="text-align:right;"| 981,635
|-
! scope="row" | [[Filipino Canadian|Filipino]]
| 2.5%
| style="text-align:right;"| 925,490
|-
! scope="row" | [[French Canadian]]
| 2.5%
| style="text-align:right;"| 906,315
|-
! scope="row" | [[European Canadians|Caucasian (White), n.o.s.]]
| 1.9%
| style="text-align:right;"| 691,260
|-
! scope="row" | [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations, n.o.s.]]
| 1.7%
| style="text-align:right;"| 632,340
|-
! scope="row" | [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]]
| 1.5%
| style="text-align:right;"| 560,335
|-
! scope="row" | [[European Canadians|European, n.o.s.]]
| 1.5%
| style="text-align:right;"| 551,910
|}

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006<ref name="www12.statcan.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/sel_geo.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Table=2|title=Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=April 2, 2008|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):
* Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), ''French'' (29.1%)
* New Brunswick (735,835): ''Canadian'' (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
* Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): ''Canadian'' (49.0%), ''English'' (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
* Nova Scotia (906,170): ''Canadian'' (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
* Prince Edward Island (137,375): ''Scottish'' (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), ''Irish'' (30.4%), French (21.1%)
* Ontario (12,651,795): ''Canadian'' (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
* Alberta (3,567,980): ''English'' (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
* Manitoba (1,174,345): ''English'' (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), ''Ukrainian'' (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
* Saskatchewan (1,008,760): ''German'' (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), ''North American Indian'' (12.1%)
* British Columbia (4,324,455): ''English'' (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), ''Chinese'' (10.7%)
* Yukon (33,320): ''English'' (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
* Northwest Territories (40,800): ''North American Indian'' (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
* Nunavut (31,700): ''Inuit'' (85.4%)

''Italics'' indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

=== Visible minority population ===
{{Main|Visible minority}}
{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|+ Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1981–1996
! rowspan="2"| Group
! colspan="2" | 1981 census<br /><ref name="1981CensusProfile">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 – national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 – série nationale : population. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.837638/publication.html |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="MinorityPopulation">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2017-10-25 |title=Number and proportion of visible minority population in Canada, 1981 to 2036 |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/dai/btd/othervisuals/other010 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1981&1986CensusProfile"/>{{rp|64}}
! colspan="2" | 1986 census<br /><ref name="MinorityPopulation"/><ref name="1981&1986CensusProfile">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Working paper : comparison of 1981 and 1986 census counts on visible minorities in Canada / Wendy Wright. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.817220/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|66}}<ref name="AboriginalPop">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=The aboriginal population and the Census : 120 years of information, 1871–1991 / Gustave Goldmann. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.823238/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|6}}
! colspan="2" | 1991 census<br /><ref name="MinorityPopulation"/><ref name="1991censusVisibles">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=1991 employment equity data highlights. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.822803/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|11}}<ref name="AboriginalPop"/>{{rp|6}}
! colspan="2" | [[1996 Canadian census|1996 census]]<ref name="1996censusAboriginal"/><ref name=1996censusVisibles>[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/c1996-r1996/feb17-17fev/vm-mv-can-eng.pdf Statistics Canada], Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)</ref>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
|- class="sortbottom"
! Visible minority ||align=center| {{nts|1131825}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1131825|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1577710}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1577710|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|2525480}} ||align=center| {{percentage|2525480|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|3197480}} ||align=center| {{percentage|3197480|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] ||align=center| {{nts|223235}} ||align=center| {{percentage|223235|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|300545}} ||align=center| {{percentage|300545|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|505515}} ||align=center| {{percentage|505515|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|670590}} ||align=center| {{percentage|670590|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|299915}} ||align=center| {{percentage|299915|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|390590}} ||align=center| {{percentage|390590|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|626435}} ||align=center| {{percentage|626435|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|860150}} ||align=center| {{percentage|860150|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Black Canadians|Black]] ||align=center| {{nts|239455}} ||align=center| {{percentage|239455|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|355385}} ||align=center| {{percentage|355385|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|504290}} ||align=center| {{percentage|504290|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|573860}} ||align=center| {{percentage|573860|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Filipino Canadians|Filipino]] ||align=center| {{nts|75485}} ||align=center| {{percentage|75485|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|102360}} ||align=center| {{percentage|102360|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|169150}} ||align=center| {{percentage|169150|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|234195}} ||align=center| {{percentage|234195|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] ||align=center| {{nts|50230}} ||align=center| {{percentage|50230|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|60975}} ||align=center| {{percentage|60975|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|134535}} ||align=center| {{percentage|134535|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|176970}} ||align=center| {{percentage|176970|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Arab Canadians|Arab]]/[[West Asian Canadians|West Asian]] ||align=center| {{nts|112435}} ||align=center| {{percentage|112435|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|149665}} ||align=center| {{percentage|149665|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|289755}} ||align=center| {{percentage|289755|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|244665}} ||align=center| {{percentage|244665|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Southeast Asia]]n<br />(except Filipino) ||align=center| {{nts|53910}} ||align=center| {{percentage|53910|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|86945}} ||align=center| {{percentage|86945|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|132415}} ||align=center| {{percentage|132415|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|172765}} ||align=center| {{percentage|172765|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Korean Canadians|Korean]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|22570}} ||align=center| {{percentage|22570|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|29205}} ||align=center| {{percentage|29205|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|45535}} ||align=center| {{percentage|45535|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|64835}} ||align=center| {{percentage|64835|28528125|1}}
|-
|| [[Japanese Canadians|Japanese]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|46060}} ||align=center| {{percentage|46060|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|52880}} ||align=center| {{percentage|52880|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|63860}} ||align=center| {{percentage|63860|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|68135}} ||align=center| {{percentage|68135|28528125|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| [[Multiracial|Multiple visible minorities]] ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|40500}} ||align=center| {{percentage|40500|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|48545}} ||align=center| {{percentage|48545|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|61575}} ||align=center| {{percentage|61575|28528125|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|Not included elsewhere. (According to Statistics Canada, this "includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.")}} ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|}} ||align=center| {{nts|5440}} ||align=center| {{percentage|5440|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|69745}} ||align=center| {{percentage|69745|28528125|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| Other ||align=center| {{nts|8530}} ||align=center| {{percentage|8530|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|8660}} ||align=center| {{percentage|8660|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts}} ||align=center| ||align=center| {{nts}} ||align=center|
|- class="sortbottom"
! Not a visible minority ||align=center| {{nts|22951670}} ||align=center| {{percentage|22951670|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|23444300}} ||align=center| {{percentage|23444300|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|24468560}} ||align=center| {{percentage|24468560|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|25330645}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25330645|28528125|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]<br />(see [[#Indigenous population|breakdown]] below) ||align=center| {{nts|491465}} ||align=center| {{percentage|491465|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|711725}} ||align=center| {{percentage|711725|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1016340}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1016340|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|799005}} ||align=center| {{percentage|799005|28528125|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| Non-Indigenous &<br />Non-Visible Minority<br />([[European Canadians|European]]/[[White people|White]]){{refn|1981–2016 censuses and future projections: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.<br /><br />2021 census: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the "White" population group.<ref name="2021censusA"/><ref name="2021newsrelease"/>|name="euro"}} ||align=center| {{nts|22460205}} ||align=center| {{percentage|22460205|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|22732575}} ||align=center| {{percentage|22732575|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|23452220}} ||align=center| {{percentage|23452220|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|24531640}} ||align=center| {{percentage|24531640|28528125|1}} 
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population in<br />private households ||align=center| {{nts|24083495}} ||align=center| {{percentage|24083495|24083495|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|25022010}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25022010|25022010|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|26994040}} ||align=center| {{percentage|26994040|26994040|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|28528125}} ||align=center| {{percentage|28528125|28528125|1}}
|}
Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal".<ref name="AboriginalCensus">{{Cite journal |title=11.3 Natives by the Numbers |url=https://opentextbc.ca/postconfederation/chapter/11-3-natives-by-the-numbers/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.opentextbc.ca|date=17 May 2016 |last1=Belshaw |first1=John Douglas }}</ref>

{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|+ Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 2001–2021
! rowspan="2"| Group
! colspan="2" | [[2001 Canadian census|2001 census]]<ref name="2001censusprofile"/>
! colspan="2" | [[2006 Canadian census|2006 census]]<ref name="2006 Canada Census Profile"/>
! colspan="2" | [[2011 National Household Survey|2011 survey]]<ref name="2011NHSprofile"/>
! colspan="2" | [[2016 Canadian census|2016 census]]<ref name="Census Profile, 2016 Census 2017">{{cite web | title=Census Profile, 2016 Census | work=Statistics Canada | date=February 8, 2017 | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 | access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]]<ref name="2021 Census Profile">{{cite web | title = Census Profile, 2021 Census | work=Statistics Canada | date=9 February 2022 | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | access-date=October 26, 2022}}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/><ref name="2021newsrelease"/>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
! Total
! %
|- class="sortbottom"
! Visible minority ||align=center| {{nts|3983845}} ||align=center| {{percentage|3983845|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|5068095}} ||align=center| {{percentage|5068095|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|6264750}} ||align=center| {{percentage|6264750|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|7674580}} ||align=center| {{percentage|7674580|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|9639205}} ||align=center| {{percentage|9639205|36328480|1}} 
|-
|| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] ||align=center| {{nts|917075}} ||align=center| {{percentage|917075|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1262865}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1262865|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1567400}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1567400|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1924635}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1924635|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|2571400}} ||align=center| {{percentage|2571400|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|1029395}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1029395|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1216565}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1216565|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1324750}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1324750|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1,577,060}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{percentage|1577060|34460065|1}}||align=center| {{nts|1715770}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{percentage|1715770|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Black Canadians|Black]] ||align=center| {{nts|662215}} ||align=center| {{percentage|662215|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|783795}} ||align=center| {{percentage|783795|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|945665}} ||align=center| {{percentage|945665|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1198540}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1198540|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1574870}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1547870|36328480|1}} 
|-
|| [[Filipino Canadians|Filipino]] ||align=center| {{nts|308575}} ||align=center| {{percentage|308575|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|410695}} ||align=center| {{percentage|410695|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|619310}} ||align=center| {{percentage|619310|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|780125}} ||align=center| {{percentage|780125|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|957355}} ||align=center| {{percentage|957355|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Arab Canadians|Arab]] ||align=center| {{nts|194685}} ||align=center| {{percentage|194685|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|265550}} ||align=center| {{percentage|265550|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|380620}} ||align=center| {{percentage|380620|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|523235}} ||align=center| {{percentage|523235|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|694015}} ||align=center| {{percentage|694015|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] ||align=center| {{nts|216980}} ||align=center| {{percentage|216980|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|304245}} ||align=center| {{percentage|304245|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|381280}} ||align=center| {{percentage|381280|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|447325}} ||align=center| {{percentage|447325|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|580235}} ||align=center| {{percentage|580235|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Southeast Asia]]n<br />(except Filipino) ||align=center| {{nts|198880}} ||align=center| {{percentage|198880|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|239935}} ||align=center| {{percentage|239935|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|312075}} ||align=center| {{percentage|312075|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|313260}} ||align=center| {{percentage|313260|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|390340}} ||align=center| {{percentage|390340|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[West Asian Canadians|West Asian]] ||align=center| {{nts|109285}} ||align=center| {{percentage|109285|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|156700}} ||align=center| {{percentage|156700|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|206840}} ||align=center| {{percentage|206840|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|264305}} ||align=center| {{percentage|264305|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|360495}} ||align=center| {{percentage|360495|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Korean Canadians|Korean]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|100660}} ||align=center| {{percentage|100660|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|141890}} ||align=center| {{percentage|141890|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|161130}} ||align=center| {{percentage|161130|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|188710}} ||align=center| {{percentage|188710|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|218140}} ||align=center| {{percentage|218140|36328480|1}}
|-
|| [[Japanese Canadians|Japanese]] ([[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]) ||align=center| {{nts|73315}} ||align=center| {{percentage|73315|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|81300}} ||align=center| {{percentage|81300|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|87270}} ||align=center| {{percentage|87270|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|92920}} ||align=center| {{percentage|92920|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|98890}} ||align=center| {{percentage|98890|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| [[Multiracial|Multiple visible minorities]] ||align=center| {{nts|73875}} ||align=center| {{percentage|73875|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|133120}} ||align=center| {{percentage|133120|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|171935}} ||align=center| {{percentage|171935|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|232375}} ||align=center| {{percentage|232375|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|331805}} ||align=center| {{percentage|331805|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|Not included elsewhere. (According to Statistics Canada, this "includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.")}} ||align=center| {{nts|98915}} ||align=center| {{percentage|98915|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|71420}} ||align=center| {{percentage|71420|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|106475}} ||align=center| {{percentage|106475|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|132090}} ||align=center| {{percentage|132090|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|172885}} ||align=center| {{percentage|172885|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Not a visible minority ||align=center| {{nts|25655185}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25655185|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|26172935}} ||align=center| {{percentage|26172935|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|26587575}} ||align=center| {{percentage|26587575|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|26785480}} ||align=center| {{percentage|26785480|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|26689275}} ||align=center| {{percentage|26689275|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]<br />(see [[#Indigenous population|breakdown]] below) ||align=center| {{nts|976305}} ||align=center| {{percentage|976305|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1172785}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1172785|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1400685}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1400685|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1673785}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1673785|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|1807250}} ||align=center| {{percentage|1807250|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
|| Non-Indigenous &<br />Non-Visible Minority<br />([[European Canadians|European]]/[[White people|White]]){{refn|name="euro"}} ||align=center| {{nts|24678880}} ||align=center| {{percentage|24678880|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|25000150}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25000150|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|25186890}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25186890|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|25111695}} ||align=center| {{percentage|25111695|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|24882025}} ||align=center| {{percentage|24882025|36328480|1}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population in<br />private households ||align=center| {{nts|29639030}} ||align=center| {{percentage|29639030|29639030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|31241030}} ||align=center| {{percentage|31241030|31241030|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|32852320}} ||align=center| {{percentage|32852320|32852320|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|34460065}} ||align=center| {{percentage|34460065|34460065|1}} ||align=center| {{nts|36328480}} ||align=center| {{percentage|36328480|36328480|1}}
|}

=== Indigenous population ===
{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|+ Indigenous population in Canada, 1996–2021 censuses
! rowspan="2"| Group
! colspan="2" | 1996<ref name=1996censusAboriginal>[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/c1996-r1996/jan13-13jan/c1996-r1996-eng.pdf Statistics Canada], Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2001<ref name="2001censusprofile">[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006025549/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |date=2008-10-06 }}, Community Highlights for Canada</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2006<ref name="2006 Canada Census Profile">[http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420123722/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |date=2009-04-20 }}, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2011<ref name="2011NHSprofile">[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 Statistics Canada], NHS Profile, Canada, 2011</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110588&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Aboriginal Identity (9), Age (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=October 25, 2017|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2021<ref name="indigenous2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-21 |title=Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026501 |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total
|-
|align="left"|'''Total Indigenous'''
|'''2.8%'''
|'''799,005'''
|'''3.3%'''
|'''976,305'''
|'''3.8%'''
|'''1,172,785'''
|'''4.3%'''
|'''1,400,685'''
|'''4.9%'''
|'''1,673,780'''
|'''{{Percentage | 1807250 | 36328480 | 1 }}'''
|'''1,807,250'''
|-
|align="left"|[[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]
|1.8%
|529,040
|2.1%
|608,850
|2.2%
|698,025
|2.6%
|851,560
|2.8%
|977,230
|{{Percentage | 1048405 | 36328480 | 1 }}
|1,048,405
|-
|align="left"|[[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]]
|0.7%
|204,115
|1.0%
|292,305
|1.2%
|389,780
|1.4%
|451,795
|1.7%
|587,545
|{{Percentage | 624220 | 36328480 | 1 }}
|624,220 
|-
|align="left"|[[Inuit people|Inuit]]
|0.14%
|40,220
|
|
|0.16%
|50,485
|0.2%
|59,445
|0.2%
|65,025
|{{Percentage | 70540 | 36328480 | 1 }}
|70,540 
|}

''Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous''

===Future projections===
Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared with 26.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/> Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared to 28.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/><ref name="2021censusA"/>

{| class="cx-linter-tag"
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
 | thumb   = left
 | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031)
 | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
 | value1 = 59.79
 | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
 | value2 = 9.82
 | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
 | value3 = 7.15
 | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] 
 | value4 = 5.69
 | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
 | value5 = 5.46
 | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
 | value6 = 4.60
 | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
 | value7 = 4.13
 | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
 | value8 = 1.88
 | label9 = Other
 | value9 = 1.48
 }}
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
 | thumb   = left
 | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2036)
 | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
 | value1 = 56.25
 | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
 | value2 = 10.94
 | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
 | value3 = 7.53
 | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] 
 | value4 = 5.84
 | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
 | value5 = 6.03
 | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
 | value6 = 5.08
 | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
 | value7 = 4.68
 | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
 | value8 = 2.03
 | label9 = Other
 | value9 = 1.62
 }}
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
 | thumb   = left
 | caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2041)
 | label1 = [[European Canadians|European]]
 | value1 = 53.07
 | label2 = [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
 | value2 = 11.87
 | label3 = [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
 | value3 = 7.85
 | label4 = [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] 
 | value4 = 5.97
 | label5 = [[Black Canadians|African]]
 | value5 = 6.57
 | label6 = [[Southeast Asian]]
 | value6 = 5.54
 | label7 = [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
 | value7 = 5.19
 | label8 = [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
 | value8 = 2.17
 | label9 = Other
 | value9 = 1.76
 }}
|}

{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|+ [[Panethnicity|Pan−ethnic]] Origin Projections (2031−2041)
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2031</big><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-06 |title=Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000) |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710014401 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2036</big><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections"/>
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2041</big><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections"/>
|-
!Population
!% 
!Population
!% 
!Population
!% 
|-
|
: [[European Canadians|European]]{{refn|name="euro"}}
| 26,085,000
| {{Percentage | 26085000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 25,749,000
| {{Percentage | 25749000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 25,296,000
| {{Percentage | 25296000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
: [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 4,283,000
| {{Percentage | 4283000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 5,010,000
| {{Percentage | 5010000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 5,658,000
| {{Percentage | 5658000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
: [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
| 3,120,000
| {{Percentage | 3120000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 3,445,000
| {{Percentage | 3445000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 3,740,000
| {{Percentage | 3740000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]]}}
| {{smaller|2,591,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 2591000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|2,850,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 2850000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|3,082,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 3082000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Korean Canadians|Korean]]}}
| {{smaller|381,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 381000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|433,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 433000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|484,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 484000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Japanese Canadians|Japanese]]}}
| {{smaller|148,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 148000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|162,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 162000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|174,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 174000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
: [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 2,381,000
| {{Percentage | 2381000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 2,762,000
| {{Percentage | 2762000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 3,134,000
| {{Percentage | 3134000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
: [[Indigenous Canadian|Indigenous]]
| 2,484,000
| {{Percentage | 2484000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 2,673,000
| {{Percentage | 2673000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 2,848,000
| {{Percentage | 2848000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]}}
| {{smaller|1,430,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1430000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,535,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1535000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,633,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1633000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Metis in Canada|Metis]]}}
| {{smaller|911,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 911000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|986,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 986000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,054,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1054000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Inuit Canadians|Inuit]]}}
| {{smaller|84,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 84000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|90,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 90000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|96,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 96000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|Other<br />Indigenous}}
| {{smaller|59,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 59000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|62,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 62000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|65,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 65000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
: [[Southeast Asia]]n
| 2,009,000
| {{Percentage | 2009000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 2,324,000
| {{Percentage | 2324000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 2,640,000
| {{Percentage | 2640000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Filipino Canadians|Filipino]]}}
| {{smaller|1,524,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1524000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,789,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1789000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|2,059,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 2059000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|Other<br />Southeast Asian}}
| {{smaller|485,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 485000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|535,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 535000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|581,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 581000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
: [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
| 1,801,000
| {{Percentage | 1801000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 2,141,000
| {{Percentage | 2141000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 2,475,000
| {{Percentage | 2475000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[Arab Canadians|Arab]]}}
| {{smaller|1,182,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1182000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,403,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1403000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|1,625,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 1625000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
:: {{smaller|[[West Asian Canadians|West Asian]]}}
| {{smaller|619,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 619000 | 43629000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|738,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 738000 | 45776000 | 2 }} }}
| {{smaller|850,000}}
| {{smaller| {{Percentage | 850000 | 47668000 | 2 }} }}
|-
|
: [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 821,000
| {{Percentage | 821000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 931,000
| {{Percentage | 931000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 1,036,000
| {{Percentage | 1036000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
: Other
| 644,000
| {{Percentage | 644000 | 43629000 | 2 }}
| 742,000
| {{Percentage | 742000 | 45776000 | 2 }}
| 841,000
| {{Percentage | 841000 | 47668000 | 2 }}
|-
|
: [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] '''Projected<br />Canadian<br />Population'''
| '''43,629,000'''
| '''{{Percentage | 43629000 | 43629000 | 2 }}'''
| '''45,776,000'''
| '''{{Percentage | 45776000 | 45776000 | 2 }}'''
| '''47,668,000'''
| '''{{Percentage | 47668000 | 47668000 | 2 }}'''
|}

==Languages==
{{Main|Languages of Canada}}

=== Knowledge of language ===
{{bar box
|title=Top ten spoken languages in Canada <br /> 2021 census{{efn|The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Canadian Census]].}} 
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Language
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[English language|English]]|gray|87.06}}
{{bar percent|[[French language|French]]|gray|29.08}}
{{bar percent|[[Chinese language|Chinese]]{{efn|name=chinese|2021 census: Combined responses of the Chinese languages, including Mandarin (987,300), Cantonese (724,925), Min Nan, Hakka, Wu (Shanghainese), Min Dong, Chinese, n.o.s.,{{refn|group="nb"|name=nos|n.o.s. – not otherwise specified}} and Chinese languages, n.i.e.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nie|n.i.e. – not included elsewhere}}}}|gray|4.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]{{efn|name=hindustani|2021 census: Combined responses of [[Hindi]] (761,425) and [[Urdu]] (414,870) as they form mutually intelligible registers of the Hindustani language.}}|gray|3.24}}
{{bar percent|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|gray|3.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|gray|2.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Arabic]]|gray|2.31}}
{{bar percent|[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]|gray|2.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Italian language|Italian]]|gray|1.51}}
{{bar percent|[[German language|German]]|gray|1.15}}
}}
The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the [[1991 Canadian census]].{{efn|The 1991 Census was the first to ask Canadians whether they could conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French<ref name="language2001"/>{{rp|50}}}} The following figures are from the 1991 Canadian census, [[2001 Canadian census]], [[2011 Canadian census]], and the [[2021 Canadian census]]. 
{| class="wikitable sortable"  border="1"
|+Knowledge of Languages in Canada
! rowspan="2" |Language
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="language2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 |title=Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810021701 |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="language2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 
|title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011 Non-official language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&amp;TABID=1 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="language2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2001 
|title=Languages in Canada: 2001 Census |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="language2001B">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55666&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Topic-based tabulation:Various Non-official Languages Spoken (76), Age Groups (13) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data|access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="language1991">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=1&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=227&PRID=0&PTYPE=56079&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Profile of Urban Forward Sortation Areas|access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 31,628,570
| {{Percentage | 31628570 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 28,360,235<ref name="language2011B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 
|title=Census Profile Language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 28360235 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 25,246,220<ref name="language2001C">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55655&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (13) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions and Dissemination Areas, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 25246220 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 22,505,415
| {{Percentage | 22505415 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| 10,563,235
| {{Percentage | 10563235 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 9,960,585<ref name="language2011B"/>
| {{Percentage | 9960585 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 9,178,100<ref name="language2001C"/>
| {{Percentage | 9178100 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 8,508,960
| {{Percentage | 8508960 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]{{efn|name=chinese}}
| 1,528,860
| {{Percentage | 1528860 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 1,297,505
| {{Percentage | 1297505 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 1,028,445
| {{Percentage | 1028445 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 557,305
| {{Percentage | 557305 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]{{efn|name=hindustani|2021 census: Combined responses of [[Hindi]] (761,425) and [[Urdu]] (414,870) as they form mutually intelligible registers of the Hindustani language.}}
| 1,176,295
| {{Percentage | 1176295 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 576,165
| {{Percentage | 576165 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 366,740
| {{Percentage | 366740 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 163,930
| {{Percentage | 163930 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| 1,171,450
| {{Percentage | 1171450 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 873,395
| {{Percentage | 873395 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 610,580
| {{Percentage | 610580 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 402,430
| {{Percentage | 402430 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| 942,170
| {{Percentage | 942170 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 545,730
| {{Percentage | 545730 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 338,720
| {{Percentage | 338720 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 167,925
| {{Percentage | 167925 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Arabic]]
| 838,045
| {{Percentage | 838045 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 470,965
| {{Percentage | 470965 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 290,280
| {{Percentage | 290280 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 164,380
| {{Percentage | 164380 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
| 737,565
| {{Percentage | 737565 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 491,075
| {{Percentage | 491075 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 244,690
| {{Percentage | 244690 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 136,975
| {{Percentage | 136975 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]]
| 547,655
| {{Percentage | 547655 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 595,600
| {{Percentage | 595600 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 680,970
| {{Percentage | 680970 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 701,910
| {{Percentage | 701910 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[German language|German]]
| 419,195
| {{Percentage | 419195 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 525,480
| {{Percentage | 525480 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 635,520
| {{Percentage | 635520 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 684,955
| {{Percentage | 684955 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| 336,865
| {{Percentage | 336865 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 266,950
| {{Percentage | 266950 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 264,990
| {{Percentage | 264990 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 254,465
| {{Percentage | 254465 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]]{{efn|name=persian|2021 census: Combined responses of Iranian Persian (222,160), Dari, and Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.,{{refn|group="nb"|name=nos}} as they form mutually intelligible registers of the Persian language, and as they were all categorized under "Persian" in previous censuses.}}
| 330,725
| {{Percentage | 330725 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 196,110
| {{Percentage | 196110 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 111,700
| {{Percentage | 111700 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 49,380
| {{Percentage | 49380 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]]
| 309,235
| {{Percentage | 309235 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 230,755
| {{Percentage | 230755 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 157,455
| {{Percentage | 157455 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 84,050
| {{Percentage | 84050 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| 237,890
| {{Percentage | 237890 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 179,465
| {{Percentage | 179465 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 111,580
| {{Percentage | 111580 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 37,330
| {{Percentage | 37330 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| 232,800
| {{Percentage | 232800 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 192,070
| {{Percentage | 192070 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 165,645
| {{Percentage | 165645 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 113,115
| {{Percentage | 113115 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| 209,410
| {{Percentage | 209410 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 118,950
| {{Percentage | 118950 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 80,835
| {{Percentage | 80835 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 54,210
| {{Percentage | 54210 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Polish language|Polish]]
| 204,460
| {{Percentage | 204460 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 217,735
| {{Percentage | 217735 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 249,695
| {{Percentage | 249695 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 239,575
| {{Percentage | 239575 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
| 203,885
| {{Percentage | 203885 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 149,035
| {{Percentage | 149035 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 91,610
| {{Percentage | 91610 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 40,230
| {{Percentage | 40230 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Serbo-Croatian]]{{efn|name=serbocroatian|Including [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], and Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nie}}}}
| 155,775
| {{Percentage | 155775 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 154,700
| {{Percentage | 154700 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 153,085
| {{Percentage | 153085 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 100,541
| {{Percentage | 100541 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
| 145,060
| {{Percentage | 145060 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 150,620
| {{Percentage | 150620 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 158,800
| {{Percentage | 158800 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 161,320
| {{Percentage | 161320 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haitian Creole]]
| 134,895
| {{Percentage | 134895 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 128,555
| {{Percentage | 128555 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 76,140
| {{Percentage | 76140 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 49,970
| {{Percentage | 49970 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| 131,655
| {{Percentage | 131655 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 144,260
| {{Percentage | 144260 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 200,520
| {{Percentage | 200520 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 249,535
| {{Percentage | 249535 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 120,605
| {{Percentage | 120605 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 69,490
| {{Percentage | 69490 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 34,650
| {{Percentage | 34650 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| 116,520
| {{Percentage | 116520 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 97,180
| {{Percentage | 97180 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 60,520
| {{Percentage | 60520 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 30,520
| {{Percentage | 30520 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| 107,985
| {{Percentage | 107985 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 135,085
| {{Percentage | 135085 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 157,875
| {{Percentage | 157875 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 173,290
| {{Percentage | 173290 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Cree language|Cree]]{{efn|name=cree|2021 census: Total number of speakers of the Cree-Innu languages, previously categorized under "Cree" in past censuses.}}
| 105,850
| {{Percentage | 105850 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 96,690
| {{Percentage | 96690 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 97,200
| {{Percentage | 97200 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 93,825
| {{Percentage | 93825 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| 98,070
| {{Percentage | 98070 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 74,690
| {{Percentage | 74690 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 65,030
| {{Percentage | 65030 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 45,370
| {{Percentage | 45370 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
| 83,205
| {{Percentage | 83205 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 70,695
| {{Percentage | 70695 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 63,675
| {{Percentage | 63675 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 52,450
| {{Percentage | 52450 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| 78,500
| {{Percentage | 78500 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 44,080
| {{Percentage | 44080 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 32,520
| {{Percentage | 32520 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| 77,910
| {{Percentage | 77910 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 22,125
| {{Percentage | 22125 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 9,185
| {{Percentage | 9185 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| 64,625
| {{Percentage | 64625 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 73,695
| {{Percentage | 73695 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 89,230
| {{Percentage | 89230 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 97,410
| {{Percentage | 97410 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]
| 61,680
| {{Percentage | 61680 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 21,880
| {{Percentage | 21880 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.03%
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Somali language|Somali]]
| 59,005
| {{Percentage | 59005 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 37,115
| {{Percentage | 37115	| 33121175 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.03%
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
| 57,295
| {{Percentage | 57295 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 31,690
| {{Percentage | 31690 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 25,300
| {{Percentage | 25300 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| 54,685
| {{Percentage | 54685 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 12,645
| {{Percentage | 12645 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| N/A
| <0.03%
| N/A
| <0.1%
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| 44,500
| {{Percentage | 44500 | 36328480 | 2 }}
| 36,235
| {{Percentage | 36235 | 33121175 | 2 }}
| 32,900
| {{Percentage | 32900 | 29639030 | 2 }}
| 20,515
| {{Percentage | 20515 | 26994045 | 2 }}
|}
{{reflist|group=nb}}

=== Mother tongue ===
{{bar box
|title=Languages in Canada ([[Mother-tongue|Mother Tongue]]) <br /> 2016 Census
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Language
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[English language|English]]|red|55.97}}
{{bar percent|Non-official|gray|21.06}}
{{bar percent|[[French language|French]]|blue|20.61}}
{{bar percent|English and French|purple|0.48}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Languages of Canada
! rowspan="2" |[[First language]]
! colspan="2" |2016
! colspan="2" |2011
! colspan="2" |2006
!
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!Notes
|-
|[[Monolingualism|Single language]] responses||33,947,610||{{Percentage |33947610|34767250|2 }}||32,481,635||{{Percentage |32481635|33121175|2 }}||30,848,270||{{Percentage |30848270|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Official language]]s||26,627,545||{{Percentage |26627545|34767250|2 }}||25,913,955||{{Percentage |25913955|33121175|2 }}||24,700,425||{{Percentage |24700425|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[English language|English]]||19,460,855||{{Percentage |19460855|34767250|2 }}||18,858,980||{{Percentage |18858980|33121175|2 }}||17,882,775||{{Percentage |17882775|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[French language|French]]||7,166,700||{{Percentage |7166700|34767250|2 }}||7,054,975||{{Percentage |7054975|33121175|2 }}||6,817,650||{{Percentage |6817650|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|Non-official languages||7,321,070||{{Percentage |7321070|34767250|2 }}||6,567,680||{{Percentage |6567680|33121175|2 }}||6,147,840||{{Percentage |6147840|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Chinese language|Combined Chinese Responses]] ||1,227,680||{{Percentage |1227680|34767250|2 }}||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||Combined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan
|-
|[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] ([[Standard Chinese]])||592,035||{{Percentage |592035|34767250|2 }}||248,705||{{Percentage |248705|33121175|2 }}||170,950||{{Percentage |170950|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Cantonese]]||565,275||{{Percentage |565275|34767250|2 }}||372,460||{{Percentage |372460|33121175|2 }}||361,450||{{Percentage |361450|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]||501,680||{{Percentage |501680|34767250|2 }}||430,705||{{Percentage |430705|33121175|2 }}||367,505||{{Percentage |367505|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]||458,850||{{Percentage |458850|34767250|2 }}||410,670||{{Percentage |410670|33121175|2 }}||345,345||{{Percentage |345345|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Tagalog language|Tagalog (Filipino)]]||431,385||{{Percentage |431385|34767250|2 }}||327,445||{{Percentage |327445|33121175|2 }}||235,615||{{Percentage |235615|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Arabic]]||419,895||{{Percentage |419895|34767250|2 }}||327,870||{{Percentage |327870|33121175|2 }}||261,640||{{Percentage |261640|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[German language|German]]||384,040||{{Percentage |384040|34767250|2 }}||409,200||{{Percentage |409200|33121175|2 }}||450,570||{{Percentage |450570|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Italian language|Italian]]||375,645||{{Percentage |375645|34767250|2 }}||407,485||{{Percentage |407485|33121175|2 }}||455,040||{{Percentage |455040|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]||321,465||{{Percentage |321465|34767250|2 }}||263,345||{{Percentage |263345|33121175|2 }}||224,045||{{Percentage |224045|31241030|2 }}|| Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu
|-
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]||221,535||{{Percentage |221535|34767250|2 }}||211,335||{{Percentage |211335|33121175|2 }}||219,275||{{Percentage |219275|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Persian language|Persian]] (Farsi)||214,200||{{Percentage |214200|34767250|2 }}||170,045||{{Percentage |170045|33121175|2 }}||134,080||{{Percentage |134080|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Urdu]]||210,820||{{Percentage |210820|34767250|2 }}||172,800||{{Percentage |172800|33121175|2 }}||145,805||{{Percentage |145805|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Dravidian languages]]||189,405||{{Percentage |189405|34767250|2 }}||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||Combined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.
|-
|[[Russian language|Russian]]||188,255||{{Percentage |188255|34767250|2 }}||164,330||{{Percentage |164330|33121175|2 }}||133,580||{{Percentage |133580|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Polish language|Polish]]||181,705||{{Percentage |181705|34767250|2 }}||191,645||{{Percentage |191645|33121175|2 }}||211,175||{{Percentage |211175|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]||156,430||{{Percentage |156430|34767250|2 }}||144,880||{{Percentage |144880|33121175|2 }}||141,625||{{Percentage |141625|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Korean language|Korean]]||153,425||{{Percentage |153425|34767250|2 }}||137,925||{{Percentage |137925|33121175|2 }}||125,570||{{Percentage |125570|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||140,720||{{Percentage |140720|34767250|2 }}||131,265||{{Percentage |131265|33121175|2 }}||115,880||{{Percentage |115880|31241030|2 }}||Most of the [[Tamil Canadians|Canadian Tamils]] live in Toronto.
|-
|[[Hindi]]||110,645||{{Percentage |110645|34767250|2 }}||90,545||{{Percentage |90545|33121175|2 }}||78,240||{{Percentage |78240|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]||108,775||{{Percentage |108775|34767250|2 }}||91,450||{{Percentage |91450|33121175|2 }}||81,465||{{Percentage |81465|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Greek language|Greek]]||106,520||{{Percentage |106520|34767250|2 }}||108,925||{{Percentage |108925|33121175|2 }}||117,285||{{Percentage |117285|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]||102,485||{{Percentage |102485|34767250|2 }}||111,540||{{Percentage |111540|33121175|2 }}||134,500||{{Percentage |134500|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]||99,015||{{Percentage |99015|34767250|2 }}||110,490||{{Percentage |110490|33121175|2 }}||128,900||{{Percentage |128900|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]||96,660||{{Percentage |96660|34767250|2 }}||90,300||{{Percentage |90300|33121175|2 }}||78,495||{{Percentage |78495|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]||73,125||{{Percentage |73125|34767250|2 }}||59,370||{{Percentage |59370|33121175|2 }}||45,685||{{Percentage |45685|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Creole language|Creoles]]||72,130||{{Percentage |72130|34767250|2 }}||61,725||{{Percentage |61725|33121175|2 }}||53,515||{{Percentage |53515|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Cree language|Cree]], n.o.s.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nos|n.o.s. – not otherwise specified}}||64,045||{{Percentage |64045|34767250|2 }}||77,900||{{Percentage |77900|33121175|2 }}||78,855||{{Percentage |78855|31241030|2 }}||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
|-
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]||61,235||{{Percentage |61235|34767250|2 }}||67,920||{{Percentage |67920|33121175|2 }}||73,335||{{Percentage |73335|31241030|2 }}||The majority of [[Hungarian Canadians|Hungarian speakers]] in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of [[Windsor, Ontario]].
|-
|[[Berber languages]] ([[Kabyle language|Kabyle]])||n/a||n/a||57,855||{{Percentage |57855|33121175|2 }}||25,578||{{Percentage |25578|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]||57,345||{{Percentage |57345|34767250|2 }}||56,420||{{Percentage |56420|33121175|2 }}||51,665||{{Percentage |51665|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]||48,200||{{Percentage |48200|34767250|2 }}||49,730||{{Percentage |49730|33121175|2 }}||55,330||{{Percentage |55330|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Japanese language|Japanese]]||43,640||{{Percentage |43640|34767250|2 }}||39,985||{{Percentage |39985|33121175|2 }}||40,200||{{Percentage |40200|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Chinese language|Chinese]], n.o.s.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nos}}||38,575||{{Percentage |38575|34767250|2 }}||425,210||{{Percentage |425210|33121175|2 }}||456,705||{{Percentage |456705|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Somali language|Somali]]||36,760||{{Percentage |36760|34767250|2 }}||31,380||{{Percentage |31380|33121175|2 }}||27,320||{{Percentage |27320|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Inuktitut]]||35,215||{{Percentage |35215|34767250|2 }}||33,500||{{Percentage |33500|33121175|2 }}||32,015||{{Percentage |32015|31241030|2 }}||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nie}}
|-
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]||33,455||{{Percentage |33455|34767250|2 }}||29,795||{{Percentage |29795|33121175|2 }}||30,130||{{Percentage |30130|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]||32,815||{{Percentage |32815|34767250|2 }}||29,640||{{Percentage |29640|33121175|2 }}||24,745||{{Percentage |24745|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|Min Nan (Chaochow, [[Teochew dialect|Teochow]], Fukien, Taiwanese)||31,795||{{Percentage |31795|34767250|2 }}||n/a||n/a|||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Malayalam]]||28,570||{{Percentage |28570|34767250|2 }}||16,080||{{Percentage |16080|33121175|2 }}||11,925||{{Percentage |11925|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]||26,895||{{Percentage |26895|34767250|2 }}||23,820||{{Percentage |23820|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]||26,345||{{Percentage |26345|34767250|2 }}||17,915||{{Percentage |17915|33121175|2 }}||13,450||{{Percentage |13450|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Amharic]]||22,465||{{Percentage |22465|34767250|2 }}||18,020||{{Percentage |18020|33121175|2 }}||14,555||{{Percentage |14555|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Czech language|Czech]]||22,295||{{Percentage |22295|34767250|2 }}||23,585||{{Percentage |23585|33121175|2 }}||24,450||{{Percentage |24450|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Khmer language|Khmer (Cambodian)]]||20,130||{{Percentage |20130|34767250|2 }}||19,440||{{Percentage |19440|33121175|2 }}||19,105||{{Percentage |19105|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]||20,020||{{Percentage |20020|34767250|2 }}||19,050||{{Percentage |19050|33121175|2 }}||16,790||{{Percentage |16790|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]||19,530||{{Percentage |19530|34767250|2 }}||18,450||{{Percentage |18450|33121175|2 }}||17,635||{{Percentage |17635|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Niger–Congo languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nos}}||19,140||{{Percentage |19140|34767250|2 }}||14,075||{{Percentage |14075|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Nepali language|Nepali]]||18,275||{{Percentage |18275|34767250|2 }}||8,480||{{Percentage |8480|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Ojibwe language|Ojibway]]||17,885||{{Percentage |17885|34767250|2 }}||17,625||{{Percentage |17625|33121175|2 }}||24,190||{{Percentage |24190|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Slovak language|Slovak]]||17,585||{{Percentage |17585|34767250|2 }}||17,580||{{Percentage |17580|33121175|2 }}||18,820||{{Percentage |18820|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Pashto]]||16,910||{{Percentage |16910|34767250|2 }}||12,465||{{Percentage |12465|33121175|2 }}||9,025||{{Percentage |9025|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]||16,770||{{Percentage |16770|34767250|2 }}||17,245||{{Percentage |17245|33121175|2 }}||18,435||{{Percentage |18435|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Tigrinya language|Tigrigna]]||16,650||{{Percentage |16650|34767250|2 }}||10,220||{{Percentage |10220|33121175|2 }}||7,105||{{Percentage |7105|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]||16,335||{{Percentage |16335|34767250|2 }}||14,185||{{Percentage |14185|33121175|2 }}||10,180||{{Percentage |10180|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Visayan languages|Bisayan languages]]||n/a||n/a||16,240||{{Percentage |16240|33121175|2 }}||11,240||{{Percentage |11240|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||15,655||{{Percentage |15655|34767250|2 }}||9,315||{{Percentage |9315|33121175|2 }}||6,625||{{Percentage |6625|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]]||15,295||{{Percentage |15295|34767250|2 }}||17,415||{{Percentage |17415|33121175|2 }}||21,030||{{Percentage |21030|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Yiddish]]||13,555||{{Percentage |13555|34767250|2 }}||15,205||{{Percentage |15205|33121175|2 }}||16,295||{{Percentage |16295|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan (Twi)]]||13,460||{{Percentage |13460|34767250|2 }}||12,680||{{Percentage |12680|33121175|2 }}||12,780||{{Percentage |12780|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Swahili language|Swahili]]||13,375||{{Percentage |13375|34767250|2 }}||10,090||{{Percentage |10090|33121175|2 }}||7,935||{{Percentage |7935|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Wu Chinese|Wu]] (Shanghainese)||12,920||{{Percentage |12920|34767250|2 }}||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Oji-Cree language|Oji-Cree]]||12,855||{{Percentage |12855|34767250|2 }}||9,835||{{Percentage |9835|33121175|2 }}||11,690||{{Percentage |11690|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Lao language|Lao]]||12,670||{{Percentage |12670|34767250|2 }}||12,970||{{Percentage |12970|33121175|2 }}||13,940||{{Percentage |13940|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Danish language|Danish]]||12,630||{{Percentage |12630|34767250|2 }}||14,145||{{Percentage |14145|33121175|2 }}||18,735||{{Percentage |18735|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Malay language|Malay]]||12,275||{{Percentage |12275|34767250|2 }}||10,910||{{Percentage |10910|33121175|2 }}||9,490||{{Percentage |9490|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]||12,210||{{Percentage |12210|34767250|2 }}||11,685||{{Percentage |11685|33121175|2 }}||12,790||{{Percentage |12790|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]||11,860||{{Percentage |11860|34767250|2 }}||11,330||{{Percentage |11330|33121175|2 }}||10,355||{{Percentage |10355|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]||11,705||{{Percentage |11705|34767250|2 }}||9,805||{{Percentage |9805|33121175|2 }}||7,660||{{Percentage |7660|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]||10,910||{{Percentage |10910|34767250|2 }}||5,115||{{Percentage |5115|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Chipewyan language|Dene]]||10,700||{{Percentage |10700|34767250|2 }}||11,215||{{Percentage |11215|33121175|2 }}||9,745||{{Percentage |9745|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Afrikaans]]||10,260||{{Percentage |10260|34767250|2 }}||8,770||{{Percentage |8770|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Innu language|Montagnais (Innu)]]||10,230||{{Percentage |10230|34767250|2 }}||10,785||{{Percentage |10785|33121175|2 }}||10,975||{{Percentage |10975|31241030|2 }}||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-[[Naskapi language|Naskapi]]'.
|-
|[[Slovene language|Slovenian]]||9,785||{{Percentage |9785|34767250|2 }}||10,775||{{Percentage |10775|33121175|2 }}||13,135||{{Percentage |13135|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]||n/a||n/a||9,635||{{Percentage |9635|33121175|2 }}||9,620||{{Percentage |9620|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Serbo-Croatian]]||9,555||{{Percentage |9555|34767250|2 }}||10,155||{{Percentage |10155|33121175|2 }}||12,510||{{Percentage |12510|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Languages of Africa|African languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||n/a||n/a||9,125||{{Percentage |9125|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Thai language|Thai]]||9,255||{{Percentage |9255|34767250|2 }}||7,935||{{Percentage |7935|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]||8,295||{{Percentage |8295|34767250|2 }}||5,830||{{Percentage |5830|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Bantu languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||n/a||n/a||7,150||{{Percentage |7150|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]||7,075||{{Percentage |7075|34767250|2 }}||7,245||{{Percentage |7245|33121175|2 }}||8,335||{{Percentage |8335|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||6,840||{{Percentage |6840|34767250|2 }}||7,350||{{Percentage |7350|33121175|2 }}||8,220||{{Percentage |8220|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Mi'kmaq language|Mi'kmaq]]||6,690||{{Percentage |6690|34767250|2 }}||7,635||{{Percentage |7635|33121175|2 }}||7,365||{{Percentage |7365|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|Tibetan||6,165||{{Percentage |6165|34767250|2 }}||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]||6,150||{{Percentage |6150|34767250|2 }}||5,820||{{Percentage |5820|33121175|2 }}||5,250||{{Percentage |5250|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Canadian Gaelic]]||n/a||n/a||6,015||{{Percentage |6015|33121175|2 }}||6,015||{{Percentage |6015|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|Fukien ([[Fuzhou dialect]])||n/a||n/a||5,925||{{Percentage |5925|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|Rundi ([[Kirundi]])||5,845||{{Percentage |5845|34767250|2 }}||3,975||{{Percentage |3975|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]]||5,565||{{Percentage |5565|34767250|2 }}||6,220||{{Percentage |6220|33121175|2 }}||6,405||{{Percentage |6405|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]||5,445||{{Percentage |5445|34767250|2 }}||6,385||{{Percentage |6385|33121175|2 }}||8,240||{{Percentage |8240|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]||5,455||{{Percentage |5455|34767250|2 }}||6,200||{{Percentage |6200|33121175|2 }}||7,000||{{Percentage |7000|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Kinyarwanda]] (Rwanda)||5,250||{{Percentage |5250|34767250|2 }}||3,895||{{Percentage |3895|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Indo-Iranian languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||5,180||{{Percentage |5180|34767250|2 }}||5,255||{{Percentage |5255|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Oromo language|Oromo]]||4,960||{{Percentage |4960|34767250|2 }}||11,140||{{Percentage |11140|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||4,615||{{Percentage |4615|34767250|2 }}||5,800||{{Percentage |5800|33121175|2 }}||7,225||{{Percentage |7225|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Tibetic languages|Tibetan languages]]||n/a||n/a||4,640||{{Percentage |4640|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Sino-Tibetan languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||n/a||n/a||4,360||{{Percentage |4360|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Sign language]]s, n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||4,125||{{Percentage |4125|34767250|2 }}||3,815||{{Percentage |3815|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|Vlaams ([[Flemish dialects|Flemish]])||3,895||{{Percentage |3895|34767250|2 }}||4,690||{{Percentage |4690|33121175|2 }}||5,660||{{Percentage |5660|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Lingala]]||3,810||{{Percentage |3810|34767250|2 }}||3,085||{{Percentage |3085|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Burmese language|Burmese]]||3,585||{{Percentage |3585|34767250|2 }}||2,985||{{Percentage |2985|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Stoney language|Stoney]]||3,025||{{Percentage |3025|34767250|2 }}||3,050||{{Percentage |3050|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Shanghainese]]||n/a||n/a||2,920||{{Percentage |2920|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Blackfoot language|Blackfoot]]||2,815||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||3,085||{{Percentage |3085|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Slavic languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||2,420||{{Percentage |2420|34767250|2 }}||3,630||{{Percentage |3630|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Semitic languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|group="nb"|name=nie|n.i.e. – not included elsewhere}}||2,155||{{Percentage |2155|34767250|2 }}||16,970||{{Percentage |16970|33121175|2 }}||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Frisian languages|Frisian]]||2,095||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||2,890||{{Percentage |2890|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]] (Tlicho)||1,645||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||2,020||{{Percentage |2020|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Tibeto-Burman languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||1,405||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Siouan languages]] ([[Dakota language|Dakota]]/[[Sioux language|Sioux]])||1,265||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||5,585||{{Percentage |5585|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Algonquin language|Algonquin]]||1,260||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,920||{{Percentage |1920|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic]]||1,095||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Welsh language|Welsh]]||1,075||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Carrier language|Carrier]]||1,030||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,560||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Inuinnaqtun]] ([[Inuvialuktun]])||1,020||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||365||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Mohawk language|Mohawk]]||985||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||290||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Slavey language|South Slavey]]||950||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,605||{{Percentage |1605|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Gitxsan language|Gitxsan (Gitksan)]]||880||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,180||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Slavey language|North Slave (Hare)]]||765||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,065||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]||655||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,070||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Celtic languages]], n.i.e.{{refn|name=nie|group="nb"}}||530||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]]||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||525||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Michif]]||465||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||
|-
|[[Shuswap language|Shuswap]] (Secwepemctsin)||445||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||935||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Nisga'a language|Nisga'a]]||400||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||680||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Malecite-Passamaquoddy language|Malecite]]||300||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||535||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Gwich’in language|Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)]]||260||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||360||<0.01%||
|-
|[[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]||95||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||80||<0.01%||
|-
|Other [[language]]s||n/a||n/a||77,890||{{Percentage |77890|33121175|1 }}||172,650||{{Percentage |172650|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|[[Multilingualism|Multiple language]] responses||818,640||{{Percentage |818640|34767250|2 }}||639,540||{{Percentage |639540|33121175|1 }}||392,760||{{Percentage |392760|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|English and French||165,335||{{Percentage |165335|34767250|2 }}||144,685||{{Percentage |144685|33121175|1 }}||98,630||{{Percentage |98630|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|English and a non-official language||533,260||{{Percentage |533260|34767250|2 }}||396,330||{{Percentage |396330|33121175|1 }}||240,005||{{Percentage |240005|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|French and a non-official language||86,145||{{Percentage |86145|34767250|2 }}||74,430||{{Percentage |74430|33121175|1 }}||43,335||{{Percentage |43335|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|English, French, and a non-official language||33,900||{{Percentage |33900|34767250|2 }}||24,095||{{Percentage |24095|33121175|2 }}||10,790||{{Percentage |10790|31241030|2 }}||
|-
|Total<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada|date=August 2, 2017|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=Statistics Canada: 2011 Census Profile|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=8 February 2012|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|accessdate=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages], [[Canada 2006 Census|2006 Census of Canada]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701114242/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971%2C97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=July 1, 2013 }}</ref>||34,767,250||{{Percentage |34767250|34767250|2 }}||33,121,175||{{Percentage |33121175|33121175|1 }}||31,241,030||{{Percentage |31241030|31241030|2 }}||
|}
{{reflist|group=nb}}

=== Work ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ [[Language]] used most often at work
|-
!Language
!% of total population (2016)<ref name=languagesatwork2016>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language+of+work&TABID=1&type=0|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=8 February 2017|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|accessdate=18 December 2022}}</ref>
!% of total population (2006)<ref name=languagesatwork2006>[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92002&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts]</ref>
|-
|English
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 15265335 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 14064105 | 18418100 | 2}}
|-
|French
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 3825215 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 3724975 | 18418100 | 2}}
|-
|Non-official
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 275430 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 273830 | 18418100 | 2}}
|-
|English and French
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 412680 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 252300 | 18418100 | 2}}
|-
|English and non-official
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 154285 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 86820 | 18418100 | 2}}
|-
|Other{{efn|French and non-official language OR <br /> English, French and non-official language}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 23305 | 19956255 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 16075 | 18418100 | 2}}
|}

=== Home ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language used most often at home
|-
!Language
!% of total population (2016)<ref name=languagesathome2016>{{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] Language spoken most often at home| date=8 February 2017 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0}}</ref>
!% of total population (2006)<ref>The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a [[home language]] in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, ''2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship.'' Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: {{cite web
| url = http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=0&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=01&GID=837928&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=94817&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=702&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0
| title = Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home
| date = April 8, 2008
| work = 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations
| publisher = Statistics Canada
| access-date = January 15, 2010
}}</ref>
|-
|English
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 22162865 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 20584775 | 31241030 | 2}}
|-
|French
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 6943800 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 6608125 | 31241030 | 2}}
|-
|Non-official
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 3997195 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 3472130 | 31241030 | 2}}
|-
|English and non-official
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 1284975 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 406455 | 31241030 | 2}}
|-
|English and French
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 160185 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 94060 | 31241030 | 2}}
|-
|Other{{efn|French and non-official language OR <br />  English, French and non-official language}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 218230 | 34767250 | 2}}
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 75485 | 31241030 | 2}}
|}

== Immigration ==
{{main|Immigration to Canada|Canada immigration statistics}}
According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23&nbsp;percent of Canada's total population.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/> This represents the eighth-largest [[Immigration|immigrant]] population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for [[Industrialized world|industrialized]] [[Western world|Western countries]].<ref>Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "[https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/28889/563.international.comparison.immigrants.2019.en.pdf The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons]." ''Population & Societies'' 563. France: [[Institut national d'études démographiques|Institut National D'études Démographiques]].</ref>

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] from [[Pakistan]], both Turks and Kurds from [[Turkey]] and both Sinhalese and Tamil from [[Sri Lanka]]. Immigrants from [[Iran]] are divided into [[Mazandaranis|Mazandaranians]], [[Armenians]], [[Azerbaijanis|Azeris]], Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and [[Lurs]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/start | title=Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency }}</ref>

Since [[Canadian Confederation|confederation in 1867]] through to the contemporary era, [[decade|decadal]] and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3&nbsp;percent of the total population,<ref name="HistoricImmigration2">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=17 May 2018 |title= 150 years of immigration in Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2016006-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="Population1867to2007">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |year=2013 |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm |title=Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present |access-date=2022-11-12}}</ref> while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1&nbsp;percent of the total population.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021,<ref name="2021censusreportB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026a-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent ([[Immigrant generations#First generation|first]] and [[Immigrant generations#Second generation|second generation]] persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusA">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810032401 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="FutureProjectionsA">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-08 |title=Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220908/dq220908a-eng.htm |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="FutureProjectionsB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-08 |title=Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000) |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710014601 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Canada Immigration Statistics
!Year
! width=100|Immigrant percentage
! width=100|Immigrant population
! width=100|Total responses
! width=100|Total population
! class="unsortable" width=100|Source(s)
|-
|1851{{efn|name=Canada1851Census|Total responses cover [[Province of Canada]] (including [[Upper Canada]] & [[Lower Canada]]) & [[New Brunswick#British colony of New Brunswick (1784–1867)|New Brunswick]] territory, where censuses enumerated place of birth. Total population includes [[Nova Scotia#19th century|Nova Scotia]] where a census did take place in 1851, however only enumerated population and not place of birth.}}
|{{Percentage | 535153 | 2036065 | 1 }}
|535,153
|2,036,065
|2,312,919
|<ref name="Census1665to1871">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=23 July 2012 |title= Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 = Recensements du Canada, 1665 to 1871 |url=https://archive.org/details/1871981871FV41873engfra/mode/2up |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|182+206}}
|-
|1861{{efn|name=Canada1861Census|[[British North America]]n territory ([[Upper Canada]], [[Lower Canada]], [[New Brunswick#British colony of New Brunswick (1784–1867)|New Brunswick]], and [[Nova Scotia#19th century|Nova Scotia]]) that comprised Canada following [[Canadian Confederation]] in 1867.}}
|{{Percentage | 677967 | 3090561 | 1 }}
|677,967
|3,090,561
|3,090,561
|<ref name="Census1665to1871"/>{{rp|258+288+335+346}}
|-
|1871{{efn|name=Canada1871Census|The figures for 1871 cover the four original provinces of Canada ([[Quebec]], [[Ontario]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[New Brunswick]]) only.}}
|{{Percentage | 593403 | 3485761 | 1 }}
|593,403
|3,485,761
|3,485,761
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Infographic 1 Nearly one in four people in Canada are immigrants, the highest proportion of the population in more than 150 years |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/g-a001-eng.htm |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1871to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration – ARCHIVED |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/11-516-X |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="1871immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Census of Canada 1870-71 v. 1 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.827965/publication.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|336}}<ref name="1871immigrationB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Census of Canada 1870-71 v. 5 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.827965/publication.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|28}}
|-
|1881
|{{Percentage | 602984 | 4324810 | 1 }}
|602,984
|4,324,810
|4,324,810
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= Sixth census of Canada, 1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |page=239}}</ref>
|-
|1891
|{{Percentage | 643871 | 4833239 | 1 }}
|643,871 
|4,833,239
|4,833,239
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
|-
|1901
|{{Percentage | 699500 | 5371315 | 1 }}
|699,500
|5,371,315
|5,371,315
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
|-
|1911
|{{Percentage | 1586961 | 7206643 | 1 }}
|1,586,961
|7,206,643
|7,206,643
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/>
|-
|1921
|{{Percentage | 1955736 | 8787949 | 1 }}
|1,955,736
|8,787,949
|8,787,949
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1881to1921immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title= 1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |page=108}}</ref>
|-
|1931
|{{Percentage | 2307525 | 10374196 | 1 }}
|2,307,525
|10,374,196
|10,374,196
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
|-
|1941
|{{Percentage | 2018847 | 11506655 | 1 }}
|2,018,847
|11,506,655
|11,506,655
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
|-
|1951
|{{Percentage | 2059911 | 14009429 | 1 }}
|2,059,911
|14,009,429
|14,009,429
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
|-
|1961
|{{Percentage | 2844263 | 18238247 | 1 }}
|2,844,263
|18,238,247
|18,238,247
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
|-
|1971
|{{Percentage | 3295535 | 21568310 | 1 }}
|3,295,535
|21,568,310
|21,568,311
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/><ref name="1871to1971immigration"/><ref name="1921to1971immigration"/>
|-
|1981
|{{Percentage | 3843335 | 24083495 | 1 }}
|3,843,335
|24,083,495
|24,343,181
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|1986
|{{Percentage | 3908150 | 25022005 | 1 }}
|3,908,150
|25,022,005
|25,309,331
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|1991
|{{Percentage | 4342890 | 26994045 | 1 }}
|4,342,890
|26,994,045
|27,296,859
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|1996
|{{Percentage | 4971070 | 28528125 | 1 }}
|4,971,070
|28,528,125
|28,846,761
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|2001
|{{Percentage | 5448480 | 29639030 | 1 }}
|5,448,480
|29,639,030
|30,007,094
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|2006
|{{Percentage | 6186950 | 31241030 | 1 }}
|6,186,950
|31,241,030
|31,612,897
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|2011
|{{Percentage | 6775765 | 32852325 | 1 }}
|6,775,765
|32,852,325
|33,476,688
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|2016
|{{Percentage | 7540830 | 34460060 | 1 }}
|7,540,830
|34,460,060
|35,151,728
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|2021
|{{Percentage | 8,361,505 | 36328475 | 1 }}
|8,361,505
|36,328,475
|36,991,981
|<ref name="1871to2041immigration"/>
|-
|}

===Migration data===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Canada Net migration, 1952–1971
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net Migration
|-
| 1952 || 164,498 || 60,559 || 106,939
|-
| 1953 || 168,868 || 57,975 || 110,893
|-
| 1954 || 154,227 || 57,150 || 97,077
|-
| 1955 || 109,946 || 61,893 || 48,053
|-
| 1956 || 164,857 || 68,753 || 96,104
|-
| 1957 || 282,164 || 74,383 || 207,781
|-
| 1958 || 124,851 || 61,681 || 63,170
|-
| 1959 || 106,928 || 69,189 || 37,739
|-
| 1960 || 104,111 || 75,596 || 28,515
|-
| 1961 || 71,689 || 72,305 || −616
|-
| 1962 || 74,586 || 76,740 || −2,154
|-
| 1963 || 93,151 || 83,563 || 9,588
|-
| 1964 || 112,606 || 92,430 || 20,176
|-
| 1965 || 146,758 || 105,307 || 41,451
|-
| 1966 || 194,743 || 91,489 || 103,254
|-
| 1967 || 222,876 || 108,462 || 114,414
|-
| 1968 || 183,974 || 100,036 || 83,938
|-
| 1969 || 161,531 || 90,089 || 71,495
|-
| 1970 || 147,713 || 80,961 || 66,752
|-
| 1971 || 121,162 || 70,097 || 51,065
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Canada Net migration, 1972–2019
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net migration !! Net non-permanent migration !! Total net migration
|-
| 1972 || 122,006 || 26,175 || 95,831 || 2,975 || 98,806
|-
| 1973 || 184,200 || 40,714 || 143,486 || 7,928 || 151,414
|-
| 1974 || 218,465 || 42,020 || 176,445 || 1,977 || 178,422
|-
| 1975 || 187,881 || 34,280 || 153,601 || 7,931 || 161,532
|-
| 1976 || 146,429 || 28,292 || 118,137 || −2,969 || 115,168
|-
| 1977 || 117,914 || 29,106 || 88,808 || −1,982 || 86,826
|-
| 1978 || 86,313 || 31,692 || 54,621 || −2,970 || 51,651
|-
| 1979 || 112,036 || 24,492 || 87,544 || 7,930 || 95,474
|-
| 1980 || 143,498 || 17,623 || 125,875 || 14,869 || 140,744
|-
| 1981 || 128,794 || 24,604 || 104,190 || 30,281 || 134,471
|-
| 1982 || 121,331 || 31,054 || 90,277 || −3,727 || 86,550
|-
| 1983 || 89,377 || 31,803 || 57,574 || 4,369 || 61,943
|-
| 1984 || 88,599 || 29,064 || 59,535 || −349 || 59,186
|-
| 1985 || 84,339 || 26,864 || 57,474 || 10,981 || 68,455
|-
| 1986 || 97,343 || 30,232 || 67,111 || 46,537 || 113,648
|-
| 1987 || 152,031 || 28,865 || 123,166 || 40,899 || 164,065
|-
| 1988 || 161,534 || 24,534 || 137,000 || 108,917 || 245,917
|-
| 1989 || 191,516 || 26,706 || 164,810 || 67,356 || 232,166
|-
| 1990 || 216,424 || 25,011 || 191,413 || −10,951 || 180,462
|-
| 1991 || 232,776 || 43,396 || 189,380 || −54,661 || 134,719
|-
| 1992 || 254,856 || 48,721 || 206,135 || −31,933 || 174,202
|-
| 1993 || 256,754 || 50,657 || 206,097 || −63,292 || 142,805
|-
| 1994 || 224,395 || 55,682 || 168,713 || −16,500 || 152,213
|-
| 1995 || 212,875 || 51,252 || 151,623 || 169 || 151,792
|-
| 1996 || 226,061 || 49,841 || 176,220 || −9,667 || 166,553
|-
| 1997 || 216,034 || 62,803 || 153,231 || 791 || 154,022
|-
| 1998 || 174,184 || 57,842 || 116,342 || 921 || 117,263
|-
| 1999 || 189,971 || 54,387 || 135,584 || 22,431 || 158,015
|-
| 2000 || 227,429 || 57,109 || 170,330 || 28,433 || 198,763
|-
| 2001 || 250,638 || 59,391 || 191,247 || 47,286 || 238,533
|-
| 2002 || 229,049 || 45,682 || 183,367 || 29,133 || 212,500
|-
| 2003 || 221,349 || 49,876 || 171,473 || 22,943 || 194,416
|-
| 2004 || 235,859 || 55,085 || 180,774 || 14,225 || 194,999
|-
| 2005 || 262,246 || 52,436 || 209,810 || 3,159 || 212,969
|-
| 2006 || 251,649 || 47,890 || 203,759 || 12,741 || 216,500
|-
| 2007 || 236,763 || 51,455 || 185,308 || 43,958 || 229,266
|-
| 2008 || 247,262 || 52,678 || 194,584 || 71,669 || 266,253
|-
| 2009 || 252,218 || 41,131 || 211,087 || 55,977 || 267,064
|-
| 2010 || 280,739 || 42,187 || 238,552 || 31,927 || 270,479
|-
| 2011 || 248,735 || 50,932 || 197,803 || 42,802 || 240,605
|-
| 2012 || 257,825 || 50,426 || 207,399 || 46,207 || 253,606
|-
| 2013 || 259,046 || 26,608 || 232,438 || 52,984 || 285,422
|-
| 2014 || 260,308 || 54,956 || 205,352 || 16,970 || 222,322
|-
| 2015 || 271,867 || 56,566 || 215,301 || −9,330 || 205,971
|-
| 2016 || 296,385 || 56,772 || 239,613 || 88,722 || 328,335
|-
| 2017 || 286,537 || 43,832 || 242,705 || 138,034 || 380,739
|-
| 2018 || 321,054 || 37,915 || 283,139 || 154,917 || 438,056
|-
| 2019 || 341,174 || 35,791 || 305,383 || 189,781 || 495,164
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Canada Net migration 2020–present
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net Migration !! Non-permanent Resident Inflow !! Non-permanent Resident Outflow !! Net Non-permanent Resident !! Total Net Migration
|-
| 2020 || 184,594 || 19,235 || 165,359 || – || – || −96,066 || 69,293
|-
| 2021 || 406,046 || 39,161 || 366,885 || – || – || 77,052 || 443,937
|-
| 2022 || 437,612 || 47,991 || 389,621 || 960,266 || 408,722 || 551,544 || 941,165
|-
| 2023 || 471,871 || 48,709 || 423,162 || 1,289,173 || 468,407 || 820,766 || 1,243,928
|-
| 2024 || 483,591 || 50,170 || 433,421 || 1,036,471 || 745,306 || 291,165 || 724,586
|}

<ref>{{cite web |title=Immigration and Emigration Data | date=27 June 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710001601 |publisher=Statistics Canada |accessdate=2024-06-06}}</ref>

==Religion==
{{See also|Religion in Canada}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Canada
|label1= [[Christianity]]
|value1 = 53.3
|color1 = Blue
|label2 = No Religion
|value2 = 34.6
|color2 = beige
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 4.9
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Hinduism]]
|value4 = 2.3
|color4 = #FF671F
|label5 = [[Sikhism]]
|value5 = 2.1
|color5 = Orange
|label6 = [[Buddhism]]
|value6 = 1.0
|color6 = gold
|label7 = [[Judaism]]
|value7 = 0.9
|color7 = #0038b8
|label8 = Others
|value8 = 0.8
|color8 = Pink
}}
In 2021, 53.3% of Canadians were [[Christians]],<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population- Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada |website=Statistics Canada | date=9 February 2022 |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> down from 67.3% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |website=Statistics Canada | date=8 May 2013 |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> 29.9% were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] while 11.4% were [[Protestantism|Protestant]] (all other listed denominations excluding Christian Orthodox, Latter Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses). 7.6% were Christian not otherwise specified, 2.1% were "other Christian and Christian-related traditions", 1.7% were [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Christian Orthodox]], 0.4% were [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] and 0.2% were [[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saints]] adherents.

34.6% of Canadians were non-religious or secular, up from 23.9% in 2011. Of the non-Christian religions listed, 4.9% of Canadians were [[Islam in Canada|Muslim]] (3.2% in 2011), 2.3% were [[Hinduism in Canada|Hindu]] (1.5% in 2011), 2.1% were [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh]] (1.4% in 2011), 1.0% were [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhist]] (1.1% in 2011), 0.9% were [[Judaism|Jewish]] (1.0% in 2011), 0.2% were believers of traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality (same as 2011), and 0.6% were believers of other religions and spiritual traditions (0.4% in 2011).

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
!colspan=3 |Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2021<ref name=":2" />
|-
!scope="col"| Religion
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Total
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Percent
|-
| scope="row" | [[Christianity|Christian]] || align="center" | {{nts|19373325}} || align="center" | {{percentage|19373325|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] || align="center" | {{nts|10880360}} || align="center" | {{percentage|10880360|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Christian n.o.s. || align="center" | {{nts|2760760}} || align="center" | {{percentage|2760760|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[United Church of Canada|United Church]] || align="center" | {{nts|1214185}} || align="center" | {{percentage|1214185|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican]] || align="center" | {{nts|1134315}} || align="center" | {{percentage|1134315|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Christian Orthodox]] || align="center" | {{nts|623010}} || align="center" | {{percentage|623010|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Baptist]] || align="center" | {{nts|436940}} || align="center" | {{percentage|436940|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Pentecostal|Pentecostal and other Charismatic]] || align="center" | {{nts|399025}} || align="center" | {{percentage|399025|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] || align="center" | {{nts|328045}} || align="center" | {{percentage|328045|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] || align="center" | {{nts|301400}} || align="center" | {{percentage|301400|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] || align="center" | {{nts|144145}} || align="center" | {{percentage|144145|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Jehovah's Witness]] || align="center" | {{nts|137255}} || align="center" | {{percentage|137255|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Methodism|Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)]] || align="center" | {{nts|100655}} || align="center" | {{percentage|100655|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saints]]|| align="center" | {{nts|87725}} || align="center" | {{percentage|87725|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Calvinism|Reformed]] || align="center" | {{nts| 79870}} || align="center" | {{percentage|79870|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Christian and Christian-related traditions|| align="center" | {{nts|745650}} || align="center" | {{percentage|745650|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | [[Islam in Canada|Muslim]]|| align="center" | {{nts|1775715}} || align="center" | {{percentage|1775715|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | [[Hinduism in Canada|Hindu]] || align="center" | {{nts|828195}} || align="center" | {{percentage|828195|36328480|1}}
|-
| scope="row" | [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh]]|| align="center" | {{nts|771790}} || align="center" | {{percentage|771790|36328480|1}}
|-
|scope="row"| [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] ||align=center| {{nts|356975}} ||align=center| {{percentage|356975|36328480|1|pad=yes}}
|-
| scope="row" | [[Judaism|Jewish]] || align="center" | {{nts|335295}} || align="center" | {{percentage|335295|36328480|1}}
|-
|scope="row"| Traditional (North American Indigenous) Spirituality ||align=center| {{nts|80685}} ||align=center| {{percentage|80685|36328480|1|pad=yes}}
|-
|scope="row"| Other religions and spiritual traditions||align=center| {{nts|229015}} ||align=center| {{percentage|229015|36328480|1|pad=yes}}
|-
|scope="row"| [[Irreligion|No religion]] and secular perspectives || align="center" | {{nts|12577475}} ||align=center| {{percentage|12577475|36328480|1}}
|}
[[File:Canadian religious affiliation in 2021.png|center|thumb|upright=2.0|A map of Canada by province and territory showing the distribution of the population by religious affiliation in 2021]]

==See also==
{{portal|border=no|Canada}}
* [[Demographics of North America]]
* [[1666 census of New France]]
* [[2016 Canadian census]]
* [[2021 Canadian census]]
* [[List of Canadian census areas demographic extremes]]
* [[Interprovincial migration in Canada]]
* [[Canada immigration statistics]]
* ''[[Cahiers québécois de démographie]]'' academic journal
* ''[[Canadian Studies in Population]]'' academic journal
{{clear right}}

== Notes ==
<references group="Note" />
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{see also|Bibliography of Canada}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
|first =J. M | last =Bumsted
|title =Canada's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook
|publisher =Library of Congress ( ABC-CLIO)
|year =2003
|isbn =978-1-57607-672-9
|url =https://archive.org/details/canadasdiversepe0000bums
|url-access =registration |quote =The people of Canada. }}
* {{cite book
|first = Paul R| last = Magocsi
|title =Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples
|publisher =Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press
|year =1999
|isbn =978-0-8020-2938-6
|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC&q=Territorial%20evolution%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1
}}
* {{cite book
|first =Madeline | last =Richard
|title =Ethnic history and marital assimilation in Canada, 1871 and 1971
|publisher = University of British Columbia Press
|year =1992
|isbn =978-0-7748-0431-8
|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=y00ho38YLGMC&q=Ethnic%20origins%20of%20people%20in%20Canada&pg=PP1
}}
* {{cite book|last=Thornton|first=Russell|title=A population history of North America|editor=Michael R. Haines, Richard Hall Steckel|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&q=A%20population%20history%20of%20North%20America&pg=PA13|isbn=0-521-49666-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Donna M|author2=Northcott, Herbert C|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_pMVs53mzQC&pg=PP1|title=Dying and Death in Canada|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|year=2008|isbn=978-1-55111-873-4}}
* Roderic Beaujot and Don Kerr, (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CofPBh5BRhwC&dq=The%20Changing%20Face%20of%20Canada%3A%20Essential%20Readings%20in%20Population&pg=PP1 The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population]'', Canadian Scholars' Press, {{ISBN|978-1-55130-322-2}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Demographics of Canada}}
* [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/11-402-x2010000-eng.htm Canada Year Book (2010)] – Statistics Canada
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101202045341/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo23a-eng.htm Population estimates and projections, 2010 – 2036] – Statistics Canada
* [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2018005-eng.htm Canada's population clock]

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