View source for Demographics of Bahrain

{{Short description|none}}
<!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{redirect|Bahrainis|the indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain|Baharna}}
{{Update|date=January 2017 | inaccurate=yes}}
{{Infobox place demographics
|place=[[Bahrain]]
|image=File:Bahrain single age population pyramid 2020.png
|image_size=350
|nation=Bahraini
|major_ethnic=Bahraini - 46%
|official=[[Arabic]]
|spoken=[[Arabic]] ([[Bahraini Gulf Arabic|Bahraini]], [[Bahrani Arabic|Bahrani]]), [[Persian language|Persian]], [[English language|English]], [[Urdu]]
|size_of_population=1,588,670 (2024)
|growth=0.88% (2022 est.)
|birth=12.4 births/1,000 population
|death=2.82 deaths/1,000 population
|net_migration=-0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population
|infant_mortality=10.19 deaths/1,000 live births
|age_0–14_years=20.13%
|age_15–64_years=76.71%
|age_65_years=3.16%
|life=79.9 years
|life_male=77.63 years
|life_female=82.24 years
|fertility=1.67}}

[[Image:Bahrain population.svg|thumb|300px|right|Demographics of Bahrain, Data of [[FAO]], year 2005; Number of permanent inhabitants in thousands.]]
The [[demographics]] of the [[population]] of [[Bahrain]] includes [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Most of the population of Bahrain is concentrated in the two principal cities, [[Manama]] and [[Al Muharraq]].

== Population ==
{{Historical populations
|align=right
|percentages=pagr
|1950|116000 |1960|162000 |1970|212000 |1980|358000 |1990|493000 |2000|638000 |2010|1262000 |2020|1501635 
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm |title=World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision |access-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035406/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm |archive-date=2011-05-07 }}</ref>
|2024|1,588,670}}

=== Population census ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Bahrain according to nationality 1941-2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts & Figures |url=https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/en/BNP/HomeNationalPortal/ContentDetailsPage/!ut/p/z1/rZJLU8IwFIX_Sl2wLLlpS2ndVRkRZxAFyiMbJ23TNlqS0gYq_94w6owvQGfMLjfnJl_OuYigBSKCbnlGFZeCFnq_JO4DHnTg2rsEuOs5FtzP_LF7McQw7Nto_lmApyFowSAYj656GByMyMdjf-q74FpW4FiTvg0jeOuHAyuA3_UfEZDj_DNEECljnqClZ8d-EqW2GVt2x3QoxqbnYWZ2XExjN3W7Ttffq2OhSpWjZSTKByZaQCO5UYbKmfHERZbI1XsponlFuVZUrKCKJYaSJY_rFqQ0VrVBRWKkPNtUrP76je-c5LhL8z3YiSBO3TFhAi01R_cgx0DnveWsQaGQ1UqPx-SP7l0DujmViB45_rhek0A7LYVizwot_tNqDZAVMnod7kBEtpchUrGUVaxqbypdzpUq6_MWtKBpmnYmZVawdrx_7KeWXNaa8LMSlaswDFeevTOf0t7FrdmfmyTaNWcvq4hkEQ!!/dz/d5/L3dHQSEvUUt3RS9nQSEh/?page=Content.Details.Page&urile=wcm%3Apath%3A%2Fbnp_en%2Fabout%2Bthe%2Bkingdom%2Fabout%2Bbahrain%2Frelated%2Btopics%2Ffacts%2Band%2Bfigures |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241015195115/https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/en/BNP/HomeNationalPortal/ContentDetailsPage/!ut/p/z1/rZJLU8IwFIX_Sl2wLLlpS2ndVRkRZxAFyiMbJ23TNlqS0gYq_94w6owvQGfMLjfnJl_OuYigBSKCbnlGFZeCFnq_JO4DHnTg2rsEuOs5FtzP_LF7McQw7Nto_lmApyFowSAYj656GByMyMdjf-q74FpW4FiTvg0jeOuHAyuA3_UfEZDj_DNEECljnqClZ8d-EqW2GVt2x3QoxqbnYWZ2XExjN3W7Ttffq2OhSpWjZSTKByZaQCO5UYbKmfHERZbI1XsponlFuVZUrKCKJYaSJY_rFqQ0VrVBRWKkPNtUrP76je-c5LhL8z3YiSBO3TFhAi01R_cgx0DnveWsQaGQ1UqPx-SP7l0DujmViB45_rhek0A7LYVizwot_tNqDZAVMnod7kBEtpchUrGUVaxqbypdzpUq6_MWtKBpmnYmZVawdrx_7KeWXNaa8LMSlaswDFeevTOf0t7FrdmfmyTaNWcvq4hkEQ!!/dz/d5/L3dHQSEvUUt3RS9nQSEh/?page=Content.Details.Page&urile=wcm%3Apath%3A%2Fbnp_en%2Fabout%2Bthe%2Bkingdom%2Fabout%2Bbahrain%2Frelated%2Btopics%2Ffacts%2Band%2Bfigures |archive-date=2024-10-15 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=www.bahrain.bh |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" | census year
! colspan="2" | Bahraini
! colspan="2" | non-Bahraini
! rowspan="2" | total population
|-
! # !! %
! # !! %
|-
|align=left|1941
|74,040 || {{percentage bar|width=50|82.3}}
|15,930 || {{percentage bar|width=50|17.7}}
|89,970
|-
|align=left|1950
|91,179 || {{percentage bar|width=50|83.2}}
|18,471 || {{percentage bar|width=50|16.8}}
|109,650
|-
|align=left|1959
|118,734 || {{percentage bar|width=50|83.0}}
|24,401 || {{percentage bar|width=50|17.0}}
|143,135
|-
|align=left|1965
|143,814 || {{percentage bar|width=50|78.9}}
|38,389 || {{percentage bar|width=50|21.1}}
|182,203
|-
|align=left|1971
|178,193 || {{percentage bar|width=50|82.5}}
|37,885 || {{percentage bar|width=50|17.5}}
|216,078
|-
|align=left|1981
|238,420 || {{percentage bar|width=50|68.0}}
|112,378 || {{percentage bar|width=50|32.0}}
|350,798
|-
|align=left|1991
|323,305 || {{percentage bar|width=50|63.6}}
|184,732 || {{percentage bar|width=50|36.4}}
|508,037
|-
|align=left|2001
|405,667 || {{percentage bar|width=50|62.4}}
|244,937 || {{percentage bar|width=50|37.6}}
|650,604
|-
|align=left|2010
|568,399 || {{percentage bar|width=50|46.0}}
|666,172 || {{percentage bar|width=50|54.0}}
|1,234,571
|-
|align=left|2020
|712,362 || {{percentage bar|width=50|47.4}}
|789,273 || {{percentage bar|width=50|52.6}}
|1,501,635
|-
| align="left" |2024
|739,736
|{{percentage bar|width=50|46.6}}
|848,934 
|{{percentage bar|width=50|53.4}}
|1,588,670 
|}

=== Structure of the population ===
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 17.III.2020):<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ | title=UNSD - Demographic and Social Statistics }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 width="80pt"|Age Group
! rowspan=2 width="80pt"|Male
! rowspan=2 width="80pt"|Female
! colspan=2|Total
|-
! width="80pt"|#
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| Total
| align="right" | 942,895
| align="right" | 558,740
| align="right" | 1,501,635
| {{percentage bar|100}}
|-
| 0-4
| align="right" | 52,591
| align="right" | 51,012
| align="right" | 103,603
| {{percentage bar|6.90}}
|-
| 5-9
| align="right" | 53,578
| align="right" | 51,416
| align="right" | 104,994
| {{percentage bar|6.99}}
|-
| 10-14
| align="right" | 47,812
| align="right" | 45,864
| align="right" | 93,676
| {{percentage bar|6.24}}
|-
| 15-19
| align="right" | 41,062
| align="right" | 38,276
| align="right" | 79,338
| {{percentage bar|5.28}}
|-
| 20-24
| align="right" | 60,706
| align="right" | 40,725
| align="right" | 101,431
| {{percentage bar|6.75}}
|-
| 25-29
| align="right" | 101,401
| align="right" | 54,679
| align="right" | 156,080
| {{percentage bar|10.39}}
|-
| 30-34
| align="right" | 154,215
| align="right" | 57,757
| align="right" | 211,972
| {{percentage bar|14.12}}
|-
| 35-39
| align="right" | 134,083
| align="right" | 51,794
| align="right" | 185,877
| {{percentage bar|12.38}}
|-
| 40-44
| align="right" | 95,104
| align="right" | 44,385
| align="right" | 139,489
| {{percentage bar|9.29}}
|-
| 45-49
| align="right" | 70,467
| align="right" | 33,509
| align="right" | 103,976
| {{percentage bar|6.92}}
|-
| 50-54
| align="right" | 49,621
| align="right" | 27,786
| align="right" | 77,407
| {{percentage bar|5.15}}
|-
| 55-59
| align="right" | 34,498
| align="right" | 23,095
| align="right" | 57,593
| {{percentage bar|3.84}}
|-
| 60-64
| align="right" | 22,418
| align="right" | 16,353
| align="right" | 38,771
| {{percentage bar|2.58}}
|-
| 65-69
| align="right" | 12,499
| align="right" | 9,200
| align="right" | 16,877
| {{percentage bar|1.44}}
|-
| 70-74
| align="right" | 6,184
| align="right" | 5,177
| align="right" | 11,361
| {{percentage bar|0.76}}
|-
| 75-79
| align="right" | 3,216
| align="right" | 3,363
| align="right" | 6,579
| {{percentage bar|0.44}}
|-
| 80-84
| align="right" | 2,002
| align="right" | 2,452
| align="right" | 4,454
| {{percentage bar|0.30}}
|-
| 85+
| align="right" | 1,438
| align="right" | 1,897
| align="right" | 3,335
| {{percentage bar|0.22}}
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! colspan=2 width="80"|Total
|-
| 0-14
| align="right" | 153,981
| align="right" | 148,292
| align="right" | 302,273
| {{percentage bar|20.13}}
|-
| 15-64
| align="right" | 763,575
| align="right" | 388,359
| align="right" | 1,151,934
| {{percentage bar|76.71}}
|-
| 65+
| align="right" | 25,339
| align="right" | 22,089
| align="right" | 47,428
| {{percentage bar|3.16}}
|}

== Vital statistics ==
=== UN estimates  ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="70pt"|Period<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision |url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |archive-date=2011-05-06 |access-date=2013-05-11}}</ref>
! width="70pt"|Live births per year
! width="70pt"|Deaths per year
! width="70pt"|Natural change per year
! width="70pt"|CBR*
! width="70pt"|CDR*
! width="70pt"|NC*
! width="70pt"|TFR*
! width="70pt"|IMR*
|-
| 1950–1955 || 6,000|| 3,000|| 3,000||45.0||21.6||23.4||6.97||183
|-
| 1955–1960 || 7,000|| 3,000|| 4,000||45.7||17.7||27.9||6.97||156
|-
| 1960–1965 || 8,000|| 2,000|| 6,000||45.7||12.6||33.2||7.18||112
|-
| 1965–1970 || 8,000|| 2,000|| 7,000||41.6||8.7||32.9||6.97||74
|-
| 1970–1975 || 8,000|| 2,000|| 7,000||35.2||6.5||28.6||5.95||49
|-
| 1975–1980 || 10,000|| 2,000|| 9,000||33.0||4.8||28.1||5.23||33
|-
| 1980–1985 || 13,000|| 2,000|| 11,000||32.9||4.1||28.8||4.63||22
|-
| 1985–1990 || 14,000|| 2,000|| 13,000||31.3||3.6||27.7||4.08||16
|-
| 1990–1995 || 14,000|| 2,000|| 12,000||26.3||3.3||23.1||3.35||14
|-
| 1995–2000 || 14,000|| 2,000|| 12,000||23.1||3.2||19.9||2.89||11
|-
| 2000–2005 || 14,000|| 2,000|| 12,000||21.1||3.0||18.1||2.62||9
|-
| 2005–2010 || 21,000|| 3,000|| 18,000||20.7||2.8||18.0||2.63||7
|-
|align="left" colspan="9" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}

=== Registered data ===
Birth registration of Bahrain is available from 1976, death registration started in 1990. Between 1976 and 2011 the number of baby births roughly doubled but the birth rate of babies decreased from 32 to 13 per 1,000. The death rate of Bahrain (1.9 per 1,000 human beings in 2011) is among the lowest in the world.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!<ref>[http://www.moh.gov.bh/AR/aboutMOH/Statistics.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503144717/http://www.moh.gov.bh/AR/aboutMOH/Statistics.aspx|date=2013-05-03}} Ministry of Health Statistics</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2018 |title=Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002–2016) |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf |website=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]}}</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 United nations. Demographic Yearbooks]</ref>
! width="70pt"|Average population 
! width="70pt"|Live births
! width="70pt"|Deaths
! width="70pt"|Natural change
! width="70pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|<u>T</u>otal <u>F</u>ertility <u>R</u>ate per woman
|-
|1965
| 
|5,150||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1966
| 
|4,860||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1967
| 
|5,179||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1968
| 
|5,274||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1971
| 
|6,404||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1972
| 
|7,274||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1973
| 
|7,679||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1974
| 
|7,612||  ||
||| ||||
|-
|1975
| 
|7,767||  ||
||| ||||
|-
| 1976
| 282,000
|8,984||  ||
|31.8|| ||||
|-
| 1977
| 302,000
|9,058||872  || 8,186
|30.0|| 2.9 ||27.1||
|-
| 1978
| 322,000
|9,398|| 1,002 ||8,396
|29.2|| 3.1||26.1||
|-
| 1979
| 341,000
|9,664||  1,037||8,627
|28.3|| 3.0|| 25.3||
|-
| 1980
| 358,000
|10,140|| 1,085 ||9,055
|28.3|| 3.0|| 25.3||
|-
| 1981
| 372,000
|10,300|| 1,065 ||9,235
|27.7|| 2.9||24.8||
|-
| 1982
| 384,000
|11,037|| 1,119 ||9,918
|28.8|| 2.9||25.9||
|-
| 1983
| 394,000
|11,431|| 1,064 ||10,367
|29.0|| 2.7||26.3||
|-
| 1984
| 405,000
|11,519|| 1,303 ||10,216
|28.5|| 3.2||25.3||
|-
| 1985
| 417,000
|12,314|| 1,212 ||11,102
|29.5|| 2.9||26.6||
|-
| 1986
| 431,000
|12,893|| 1,423 ||11,470
|29.9|| 3.3||26.6||
|-
| 1987
| 446,000
|12,699|| 1,584 ||11,115
|28.5|| 3.6||24.9||
|-
| 1988
| 462,000
|12,555|| 1,523 ||11,032
|27.2|| 3.3||23.9||
|-
| 1989
| 478,000
|13,611|| 1,551 ||12,060
|28.5|| 3.2||25.3||
|-
| 1990
| 493,000
|13,370||1,552||11,818
|27.1||3.1||24.0||
|-
| 1991
| 503,052
|13,229||1,744||11,485
|26.1||3.4||22.7||
|-
| 1992
| 516,458
|13,874||1,760||12,114
|26.7||3.4||23.3||
|-
| 1993
| 530,225
|14,191||1,714||12,477
|26.7||3.2||23.5||
|-
| 1994
| 544,366
|13,766||1,695||12,071
|25.2||3.1||22.1||
|-
| 1995
| 558,879
|13,481||1,910||11,571
|24.1||3.4||20.7||
|-
| 1996
| 573,792
|13,123||1,780||11,343
|22.8||3.1||19.7||
|-
| 1997
| 589,115
|13,382||1,822||11,560
|22.6||3.1||19.5||
|-
| 1998
| 604,842
|13,381||1,997||11,384
|21.9||3.3||18.6||
|-
| 1999
| 620,989
|14,280||1,920||12,360
|22.8||3.1||19.7||2.9
|-
| 2000
| 637,582
|13,947||2,045||11,902
|21.9||3.2||18.7||2.8
|-
| 2001
| 661,317
|13,468||1,979||11,489
|21.0||3.1||17.9||2.6
|-
| 2002
| 710,554
|13,576||2,035||11,541
|21.1||3.2||17.9||2.4
|-
| 2003
| 764,519
|14,560||2,114||12,446
|22.5||3.3||19.2||2.4
|-
| 2004
| 823,744
|14,968||2,215||12,753
|22.3||3.3||19.0||2.3
|-
| 2005
| 888,824
|15,198||2,222||12,976
|21.0||3.1||17.9||2.1
|-
| 2006
| 960,425
|15,053||2,317||12,736
|18.6||2.9||15.7||2.0
|-
| 2007
| 1,039,297
|16,062||2,270||13,792
|17.4||2.5||14.9||1.964
|-
| 2008
| 1,103,496
|17,022||2,390||14,632
|16.2||2.3||13.9||1.968
|-
| 2009
| 1,178,415
|17,841||2,387||15,454
|15.1||2.0||13.1||1.951
|-
| 2010
| 1,228,543
|18,150 ||2,401 ||15,749
|14.8||2.0||12.8||1.877
|-
| 2011
| 1,195,020
|17,573||2,528||15,045
|14.7||2.1||12.6||1.967
|-
| 2012
| 1,208,964
|19,119||2,613||16,506
|15.8||2.2||13.6||2.134
|-
| 2013
| 1,253,191
|19,995||2,588||17,407
|16.0||2.1||13.9||2.157
|-
| 2014
| 1,314,562
|20,931||2,805|| 18,126
|15.9||2.1||13.8||2.108
|-
| 2015
| 1,370,322
|20,983||2,787|| 18,196
|15.3||2.1||13.2||2.093
|-
| 2016
| 1,423,726
|20,714||2,858|| 17,856
|14.5||2.0||12.5||1.984
|-
| 2017
| 1,501,116
|20,581||2,902|| 17,679
|13.7||1.9||11.8||1.945
|-
| 2018
| 1,503,091
|19,740||3,052|| 16,668
|13.1||2.0||11.1||1.838
|-
| 2019
| 1,483,756
|18,611||3,010|| 15,601
|12.5||2.0||10.5||1.744
|-
| 2020
| 1,472,204
|18,042||3,488|| 14,554
|12.3||2.4||9.9||1.846
|-
| 2021
| 1,504,365
|17,805||4,601|| 13,204
|11.8||3.1||8.7||1.612
|-
| 2022
| 1,524,693
|17,801||3,521|| 14,280
|11.7||2.3||9.4||1.640
|-
| 2023
| 1,577,059
||||| 
|||||||
|-
| 2024
| 1,588,670
||||| 
|||||||
|}

=== Life expectancy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|43.0
|1985–1990
|71.8
|-
|1955–1960
|48.5
|1990–1995
|72.9
|-
|1960–1965
|55.3
|1995–2000
|73.9
|-
|1965–1970
|61.1
|2000–2005
|74.9
|-
|1970–1975
|65.4
|2005–2010
|75.7
|-
|1975–1980
|68.3
|2010–2015
|76.4
|-
|1980–1985
|70.5
|
|
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|archive-date=2016-09-19}}</ref>

== Ethnic groups ==
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Bahrain (2020)<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahrain/|title= Middle East: Bahrain|date= 23 April 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Ethnic groups
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Bahraini citizens|red|47.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Asians|Asian]] (mostly [[South Asia]]) |blue|43.4}}
{{bar percent|other [[Arabs]]|yellow|5.8}}
{{bar percent|[[African diaspora|African]]|pink|1.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Europeans|European]]|black|0.8}}
{{bar percent|[[North Americans]]|orange|1.1}}
{{bar percent|Others|purple|0.1}}
}}
{{See also|Ethnic, cultural and religious groups of Bahrain}}

{{multiple image
| direction         = horizontal
| width             = 
| image1            = Salwa Bukhait, Bahrain TV - Apr 25, 2020.jpg
| caption1          = 
| alt1              = 
| image2            = Sonya Janahi.jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = 
| footer            = Ethnic diversity of Bahrain
| caption_align     = center
| total_width       = 500
| align             = center
| image3            = Mamdouh Abbas Al-Saleh, Bahrain TV - Apr 11, 2021.jpg
| image4            = Bahrain Irish Delegation meet with Nabeel Rajab, President, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights..jpg
| image5            = Hind Al-Bahrainiya.jpg
}}

Regarding the ethnicity of Bahrainis, a ''[[Financial Times]]'' article published on 31 May 1983 found that "Bahrain is a [[Multilingualism|polyglot]] state, both religiously and racially. Discounting temporary immigrants of the past ten years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BAHRAIN |url=https://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/bahrain.htm |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.solarnavigator.net}}</ref> Furthermore, sources claim that the government of Bahrain is said to have naturalised Sunnis from different countries to increase the Sunni population in comparison to the [[Baharna|''Indigenous Shias'']] including people from [[Demographics of India|India]], [[Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Demographics of Jordan|Jordan]], [[Demographics of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Demographics of Syria|Syria]], [[Demographics of Iraq|Iraq]] and [[Demographics of Egypt|Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahrainis allege a plot to change country's sectarian balance |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/bahrainis-allege-plot-change-countrys-sectarian-balance |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shias accuse Bahrain of naturalising more Sunnis – GCC |url=https://gcclub.org/0000/00/00/shias-accuse-bahrain-of-naturalising-more-sunnis/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref> These may be classified as:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Community !! Description
|-
|[[Baharna|Baharna/Bahranis]] || The indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain. The overwhelming majority are Shia.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ajam of Bahrain|Ajams]] (Iranic and Iranian roots)|| [[Iranian peoples|Iranic]]; [[Lurs]] (Shia), [[Achomi people|Achomis]] (Sunni, Shia) , [[Baloch people|Baluchs]] (Sunnis), [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]; [[Iranian Azerbaijanis|Azeris]], [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]]... 
|-
|[[Bahraini Jews]]<ref name=":1" />|| Jews have inhabited Bahrain for centuries. Most native Bahraini Jews are of Mesopotamian and Persian descent. 
|-
|[[Huwala people|Huwala Arabs]] || Sunni Arabs who re-migrated back from the southern coasts of Iran
|-
|[[Bedouin|Tribal Arabs]]|| Urbanized Sunni Bahrainis of [[Bedouin]] ancestry, such as the [[Utoob]], [[Dawasir]] etc.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|Najdis<ref name=":1" />
|Non-tribal urban Sunni Arabs from Najd in central Arabia.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Afro-Arabs]] || Descendants of Africans, primarily from East Africa and of mostly [[Sunni]] faith
|-
|Banyan ([[Bania (caste)|Bania]]) || Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (formerly known as the ''Hunood'' or ''Banyan'', {{langx|ar|البونيان}}), of mostly [[Hindu]] faith.<ref name=":1" />
|}

Non-nationals make up more than half of the population of Bahrain, with immigrants making up about 52.6% of the overall population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahrain/|title=Bahrain|date=September 27, 2021|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov}}</ref>  Of those, the vast majority come from South and Southeast Asia: according to various media reports and government statistics dated between 2005 and 2012 roughly 350,000 Indians,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Information Wing: Indian Community|url=https://eoi.gov.in/bahrain/?2671?000|access-date=2021-10-27|website=eoi.gov.in}}</ref> 150,000 Bangladeshis,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Relation|url=http://www.bdembassy.org.bh/the-embassy/relation/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Embassy of Bangladesh in Bahrain|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027113938/http://www.bdembassy.org.bh/the-embassy/relation/}}</ref> 110,000 Pakistanis,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/documents/handbook.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.mofa.gov.pk |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401132152/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/documents/handbook.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2019 }}</ref> 40,000 Filipinos,<ref name="FS1">{{cite news|url=http://filamstar.net/index.php?id=4717|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221121119/http://filamstar.net/index.php?id=4717|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 21, 2013|title=Filipinos etching credible mark in Bahrain|last=Hampton|first=Maricar|date=6 July 2012|publisher=FilAm Star|access-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> and 8,000 Indonesians.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=189859|periodical=Gulf Daily News|date=2007-08-07|access-date=2009-05-12|title=Indonesians encouraged|archive-date=2011-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608140313/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=189859}}</ref> In 2023, about 4,000 people from the [[United Kingdom]] live in Bahrain,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bahrain UK Government website, Retrieved 2023-08-01]</ref> although some estimates are double this number.<ref>[https://britishexpatguide.co.uk/guides/moving-to-bahrain-from-uk/ British Expat Guide website, Retrieved 2023-08-01]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!<ref name="auto"/>
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| Bahraini
| 712,362
| {{percentage bar|47.4}}
|-
| Other Arabs
| 86,823
| {{percentage bar|5.8}}
|-
| African
| 21,502
| {{percentage bar|1.4}}
|-
| North American
| 16,415
| {{percentage bar|1.1}}
|-
| Asian
| 650,996
| {{percentage bar|43.4}}
|-
| European
| 11,750
| {{percentage bar|0.8}}
|-
| Others
| 1,787
| {{percentage bar|0.1}}
|-
! total
! 1,501,635
! {{percentage bar|100}}
|}

The following is a firm containing estimates from countries' embassies:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180207171749/http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/08/bahrains-population-by-nationality archived from [http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/08/bahrains-population-by-nationality the original]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nationality !! Population !! % of population !! Year of data
|-
| {{Flag|Bahrain}} || 712,362 || 51% || 2022
|-
| {{Flag|India}} || 350,000 || 25.0% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Bangladesh}} || 110,000 || 7.88% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Pakistan}} || 100,000 || 7.16% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}} || 50,000-60,000 || 4.30% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Egypt}} || 22,000 || 1.57% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}} || 20,000 || 1.43% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Nepal}} || 20,000 || 1.43% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Indonesia}} || 10,000 || 0.71% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|UK}} || 9,000 || 0.64% || 2013
|-
| {{Flag|USA}} || 8,200 || 0.58% || 2014
|-
| {{Flag|Iran}} || 5,000-7,000 || 0.50% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Jordan}} || 6,000-7,000 || 0.50% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Sudan}} || 6,000 || 0.43% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 5,000 || 0.35% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}} || 4,750 || 0.34% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Thailand}} || 4,000 || 0.28% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Iraq}} || 3,500 || 0.25% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|New Zealand}} || 2,500 || 0.17% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Turkey}} || 2,000 || 0.14% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Tunisia}} || 1,500 || 0.10% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|China}} || 1,000 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Ukraine}} || 400 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Malaysia}} || 400 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Poland}} || 350 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Libya}} || 300-350 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}} || 350 || <0.1% || 2013
|-
| {{Flag|Russia}} || 300 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}} || 300 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Japan}} || 260 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|South Korea}} || 220 || <0.1% || 2013
|-
| {{Flag|Cyprus}} || 200 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Ireland}} || 157 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Denmark}} || 150 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Switzerland}} || 122 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}} || 100 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Uganda}} || 100 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Cameroon}} || 50-100 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Sweden}} || 83 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Kazakhstan}} || 20 || <0.1% || 2015
|-
| {{Flag|Mongolia}} || 4 || <0.1% || 2015
|}

=== Genetics ===
{{See also|Genetic history of the Middle East|Demographics of Iran#Genetics|Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup}}

==== Ancient DNA and genetic history ====
A 2024 study sequenced whole genomes from four individuals who lived in Bahrain during the [[Tylos|Tylos period]] (circa 300 BCE to 600 CE).  The genetic makeup of these ancient Bahrainis revealed a blend of ancestries, primarily tracing back to ancient populations of the [[Near East]].  Analysis indicated that their genetic heritage is best described as a mixture of Ancient [[Anatolia]], [[Levant]], and [[Iran]]/[[Caucasus]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Martiniano |first1=Rui |last2=Haber |first2=Marc |last3=Almarri |first3=Mohamed A. |last4=Mattiangeli |first4=Valeria |last5=Kuijpers |first5=Mirte C.M. |last6=Chamel |first6=Berenice |last7=Breslin |first7=Emily M. |last8=Littleton |first8=Judith |last9=Almahari |first9=Salman |last10=Aloraifi |first10=Fatima |last11=Bradley |first11=Daniel G. |last12=Lombard |first12=Pierre |last13=Durbin |first13=Richard |date=March 2024 |title=Ancient genomes illuminate Eastern Arabian population history and adaptation against malaria |journal=Cell Genomics |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |article-number=100507 |doi=10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100507 |issn=2666-979X |pmc=10943591 }}</ref>

Subtle genetic differences were observed among the four individuals, suggesting a degree of population diversity within Bahrain even before the Islamic era. One individual displayed a stronger affinity to Levantine populations, while others showed closer genetic links to groups from Iran and the Caucasus.<ref name=":2" />

Comparing the ancient Bahraini genomes to those of modern populations revealed notable connections. Genetically, the Tylos-period individuals showed closer affinities to present-day inhabitants of Iraq and the Levant than to modern-day Arabians from the peninsula.<ref name=":2" />

==== Malaria adaptation ====
The [[G6PD]] Mediterranean mutation, known to provide protection against [[malaria]], was found in three out of the four ancient individuals. Genetic analysis suggests that this mutation began to increase in frequency in [[Eastern Arabia]] around 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. This timeframe coincides with the emergence of agriculture in the region, which could have inadvertently created environments conducive to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, thus driving natural selection for malaria resistance.<ref name=":2" />

==== Haplogroups ====
===== Y-chromosome DNA =====
[[File:Y-DNA hplogroup in the four governorates of Bahrain.png|thumb|Proportions of predicted Y-DNA haplogroups observed in the four governorates of Bahrain (Study of 2020)]]
[[Y chromosome|Y-Chromosome]] DNA (Y-DNA) represents the male lineage. In 2020, a study was made on 562 unrelated Bahraini males.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Al-Snan |first1=Noora R. |last2=Messaoudi |first2=Safia A. |last3=Khubrani |first3=Yahya M. |last4=Wetton |first4=Jon H. |last5=Jobling |first5=Mark A. |last6=Bakhiet |first6=Moiz |date=2020 |title=Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs |journal=Molecular Genetics and Genomics |volume=295 |issue=6 |pages=1315–1324 |doi=10.1007/s00438-020-01696-4 |issn=1617-4615 |pmc=7524810 |pmid=32588126}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref> Paternal population structure within Bahrain was investigated using the 27 Y-STRs (short tandem repeats) in the Yfiler Plus kit to generate haplotypes from 562 unrelated Bahraini males, sub-divided into four geographical regions—[[Northern Governorate|Northern]], [[Capital Governorate, Bahrain|Capital]], [[Southern Governorate|Southern]] and [[Muharraq Governorate|Muharraq]].<ref name=":0" />

Haplogroup prediction indicated diverse origins of the population with a predominance of haplogroups [[Haplogroup J-M172|J2]] and [[Haplogroup J-M267|J1]], but also haplogroups such as B2 and [[Haplogroup E-M215|E1b1a]] likely originating in Africa, and H, L and R2 likely indicative of migration from South Asia.<ref name=":0" /> Haplogroup frequencies differed significantly between regions, with J2 significantly more common in the Northern region compared with the [[Southern Governorate|Southern]], possibly due to differential settlement by [[Baharna]], [[Ajam of Bahrain|Ajams]] and Arabs.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:J2-Y-DNA-Haplogroup-Map-J2-M172-Map-J2-Haplogrubu-Haritasi-v3.png|thumb|reach of Haplotype J2]]
Haplogroup prediction suggests that haplogroup [[Haplogroup J-M172|J2]] is the most common in the Bahraini population (It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in the [[Caucasus]], [[Anatolia]] or [[Western Iran]]) encompassing 27.6% of the sample, followed by [[Haplogroup J-M267|J1]] (23.0%), [[Haplogroup E-M215|E1b1b]] (8.9%), [[Haplogroup E-V38|E1b1a]] (8.6%) and [[Haplogroup R1a|R1a]] (8.4%), with other predicted haplogroups (G, T, L, R1b, Q, R2, B2, E2, H and C) occurring at progressively lower frequencies.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:HG J1 (ADN-Y).PNG|thumb|Spread of Haplotype J1]]
Haplogroup [[Haplogroup J-M267|J1]] is most frequent in the [[Southern Governorate]] (27%) where the highest proportion of Arabs live, and in the [[Muharraq Governorate]] (27%) where many migrant [[Huwala people|Huwala Arabs]] resettled, and it declines to its lowest frequency in the [[Northern Governorate|Northern]] and [[Capital Governorate, Bahrain|Capital]] Governorates (21% and 19%).<ref name=":0" />

By contrast, the [[Northern Governorate|Northern]] and [[Capital Governorate, Bahrain|Capital]] Governorates where the [[Baharna]] and [[Ajam of Bahrain|Ajam]] are most represented show higher frequencies of haplogroup [[Haplogroup J-M172|J2]] (34% and 31%) than in [[Muharraq Governorate|Muharraq]] and the [[Southern Governorate]] (both 17%).<ref name=":0" />

== Languages ==
* [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Persian language|Persian]]
* [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
* [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
* [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
* [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
* [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
* [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
* [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]]
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
* [[tagalog language|Filipino]]
* [[Italian language|Italian]]
* [[Spanish language|Spanish]]

==Religion==
{{main|Religion in Bahrain}}

{{See also|Freedom of religion in Bahrain|Islam in Bahrain}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| <ref name="auto"/>
! Men
! Women
! Total
! Bahraini
! Non-Bahraini
|- align="center"
! Muslims
| 674,329
| 437,204
! 1,111,533
| 710,067
| 401,466
|- align="center"
! Others
| 268,566
| 121,536
! 390,102
| 2,295
| 387,807
|- align="center"
! Total
| 942,895
| 558,740
! 1,501,635
| 712,362
| 789,273
|- align="center"
! Muslim %
| 
| 
! 74.0%
| 99.7%
| 50.9%
|-
|}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Bahrain (ARDA 2020 est.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=18c|title=Religions in Bahrain &#124; Arda|website=www.thearda.com|access-date=22 Aug 2025}}</ref>
| label2 = [[Sunni]]
| value2 = 28.22
| color2 = Green
| label1 = [[Shia]]
| value1 = 52.36
| color1 = Light Green
| label3 = [[Christianity]]
| value3 = 12.07
| color3 = Blue
| label4 = [[Hinduism]]
| value4 = 6.38
| color4 = Orange
| label6 = Other
| value6 = 0.52
| color6= White
| label5 = [[Irreligion|None]]
| value5 = 0.45
| color5 = Black
}}

[[Islam in Bahrain|Islam]] is the official religion forming 74% of the population.<ref name="auto"/> Current census data does not differentiate between the other religions in Bahrain, but in 2022, the country was approximately 12%<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bahrain US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> [[Christianity in Bahrain|Christian]] and had about 40<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report"/><ref name="bahjew">{{cite news|title=Low profile but welcome: a Jewish outpost in the Gulf|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/low-profile-but-welcome-a-jewish-outpost-in-the-gulf-398656.html|newspaper=Independent|date=2 Nov 2007|access-date=16 March 2012|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224183810/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/low-profile-but-welcome-a-jewish-outpost-in-the-gulf-398656.html}}</ref> [[History of the Jews in Bahrain|Jewish]] citizens.

According to the website of Ministry of Information Affairs, 74% of the population are [[Muslim]], with [[Christians]] being the second largest religious group, forming 10.2% of the population, [[Jews]] making up 0.21%. The percentage of local Bahraini Christians, Jews, Hindus and Baha'is is collectively 0.2%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Demographics - Ministry of Information Affairs {{!}} Kingdom of Bahrain|url=https://www.mia.gov.bh/kingdom-of-bahrain/population-and-demographics/?lang=en|access-date=2020-11-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110161444/https://www.mia.gov.bh/kingdom-of-bahrain/population-and-demographics/?lang=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.data.gov.bh/en/ResourceCenter/DownloadFile?id=3582 |title= Kingdom of Bahrain Open Data Portal: Archived copy |access-date=2021-05-02 |archive-date=2021-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502014151/https://www.data.gov.bh/en/ResourceCenter/DownloadFile?id=3582 }}</ref>

[[Bahrani people|Bahraini citizen]]s of Muslim faith belong to the [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] branches of Islam. The last official census (1941) to include sectarian identification reported 52% (88,298 citizens) as [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and 48% as [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] of the Muslim population.<ref>Qubain, Fahim Issa (1955) "Social Classes and Tensions in Bahrain." The Middle East Journal 9, no. 3: 269–280, p. 270</ref><ref name=":1" /> Unofficial sources, such as the [[Library of Congress Country Studies]],<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bh0022) Bahrain Country Study] Library of Congress</ref> and ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/25/world/1981-plot-in-bahrain-linked-to-iranians.html 1981 Plot in Bahrain linked to Iranians] New York Times, 25 July 1982, retrieved 20 June 2018</ref> estimate sectarian identification to be approximately 45% [[Sunni]] and 55% [[Shia]]. An official Bahraini document revealed that 51% of the country's citizens are Sunnis, while the Shiite population has declined to 49% of the Muslim population.<ref>[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]: [http://www.aljazeera.net/news/reportsandinterviews/2011/7/4/%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%81 ''وثيقة بحرينية: الشيعة أقل من النصف''], 1973, retrieved 14 February 2021</ref>

Foreigners, overwhelmingly from [[South Asia]] and other [[Arab countries]], constituted 52.6% of the population in 2020.<ref name="auto"/> Of these, 50.9% are Muslim and 49.1% are non-Muslim,<ref name="auto"/> including Christians (primarily: [[Catholic]], [[Protestant]], [[Syriac Orthodox]], and [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church|Mar Thoma]] from [[South India]]), [[Hinduism in Arab states|Hindu]]s, [[Buddhism in the Middle East|Buddhist]]s, [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]], and [[Sikh]]s.
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Bahrani people|Bahrani]]s

== References ==

=== Notes ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}
*2003 U.S. Department of State website

{{Demographics of Bahrain}}
{{Bahrain topics}}
{{Languages of Bahrain}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}

[[Category:Demographics of Bahrain| ]]